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Dai Y, Luo L, Zhao Z. Genetic robustness control of auxin output in priming organ initiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221606120. [PMID: 37399382 PMCID: PMC10334806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221606120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin signaling is essential for organ initiation in plants. How genetic robustness controls auxin output during organ initiation is largely unknown. Here, we identified DORNROSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) as a target of MONOPTEROS (MP) that plays essential roles in organ initiation. We demonstrate that MP physically interacts with DRNL to inhibit cytokinin accumulation by directly activating ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6 and CYTOKININ OXIDASE 6. DRN, the paralogous gene of DRNL, acts redundantly with DRNL but is not coexpressed with DRNL in the organ founder cells in which DRNL is expressed. We demonstrate that DRNL directly inhibits DRN expression in the peripheral zone, whereas DRN transcripts are ectopically activated in drnl mutants and fully restore the functional deficiency of drnl in organ initiation. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for the robust control of auxin signaling in organ initiation through paralogous gene-triggered spatial gene compensation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Linjie Luo
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
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Kusnandar AS, Itoh JI, Sato Y, Honda E, Hibara KI, Kyozuka J, Naramoto S. NARROW AND DWARF LEAF 1, the Ortholog of Arabidopsis ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1/DORNRÖSCHEN, Mediates Leaf Development and Maintenance of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Oryza sativa L. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:265-278. [PMID: 34865135 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis for leaf development, a major focus in developmental biology, remains unclear in the monocotyledonous grass, rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we performed a mutant screen in rice and identified an AP2-type transcription factor family protein, NARROW AND DWARF LEAF1 (NDL1). NDL1 is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana (subsequently called Arabidopsis) ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION1 (ESR1)/DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and mediates leaf development and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Loss of function of NDL1 results in bladeless leaves and SAMs that are flat, rather than dome-shaped, and lack cell proliferation activity. This loss of function also causes reduced auxin signaling. Moreover, as is the case with Arabidopsis ESR1/DRN, NDL1 plays crucial roles in shoot regeneration. Importantly, we found that NDL1 is not expressed in the SAM but is expressed in leaf primordia. We propose that NDL1 cell autonomously regulates leaf development, but non-cell autonomously regulates SAM maintenance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Ichi Itoh
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Eriko Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hibara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Regional Vitalization, Kibi International University, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, 656-0484 Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810 Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577 Japan
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Niu H, Wang H, Zhao B, He J, Yang L, Ma X, Cao J, Li Z, Shen J. Exogenous auxin-induced ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2) enhances femaleness of cucumber via activating CsACS2 gene. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab085. [PMID: 35048108 PMCID: PMC9039497 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a model for the study of sex differentiation in the last two decades. In cucumber, sex differentiation is mainly controlled by genetic material, but plant growth regulators can also influence or even change it. However, the effect of exogenous auxin application on cucumber sex differentiation is mostly limited in physiological level. In this study, we explored the effects of different exogenous auxin concentrations on the varieties with different mutant sex-controlling genotypes and found that there was a dosage effect of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the enhancement of cucumber femaleness. Several ACC synthetase (ACS) family members could directly respond to the induction of exogenous IAA to improve endogenous ethylene synthesis, and this process can be independent on the previously identified sex-related ACC oxidase CsACO2. We further demonstrated that ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2), responding to the induction of exogenous auxin, could directly activate CsACS2 expression by combining the ERE cis-acting element regions in the promoter, and then increase endogenous ethylene content, which may induce femaleness. These findings reveal that exogenous auxin improves cucumber femaleness via inducing sex-controlling gene and promoting ethylene synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Bosi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Nonda Road 1, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Li C, Shang JX, Qiu C, Zhang B, Wang J, Wang S, Sun Y. Plastid-Localized EMB2726 Is Involved in Chloroplast Biogenesis and Early Embryo Development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675838. [PMID: 34367201 PMCID: PMC8343077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is a critical developmental process that establishes the body organization of higher plants. During this process, the biogenesis of chloroplasts from proplastids is essential. A failure in chloroplast development during embryogenesis can cause morphologically abnormal embryos or embryonic lethality. In this study, we isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant of the Arabidopsis gene EMBRYO DEFECTIVE 2726 (EMB2726). Heterozygous emb2726 seedlings produced about 25% albino seeds with embryos that displayed defects at the 32-cell stage and that arrested development at the late globular stage. EMB2726 protein was localized in chloroplasts and was expressed at all stages of development, such as embryogenesis. Moreover, the two translation elongation factor Ts domains within the protein were critical for its function. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cells in emb2726 embryos contained undifferentiated proplastids and that the expression of plastid genome-encoded photosynthesis-related genes was dramatically reduced. Expression studies of DR5:GFP, pDRN:DRN-GFP, and pPIN1:PIN1-GFP reporter lines indicated normal auxin biosynthesis but altered polar auxin transport. The expression of pSHR:SHR-GFP and pSCR:SCR-GFP confirmed that procambium and ground tissue precursors were lacking in emb2726 embryos. The results suggest that EMB2726 plays a critical role during Arabidopsis embryogenesis by affecting chloroplast development, possibly by affecting the translation process in plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhao X, Wen B, Li C, Liu L, Chen X, Li D, Li L, Fu X. PpEBB1 directly binds to the GCC box-like element of auxin biosynthesis related genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110874. [PMID: 33775370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
EARLY BUD-BREAK 1 (EBB1) can promote bud break, and this function is likely conserved in woody plants. To get a more comprehensive understand of its function, peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina cultivar Zhongyou 4) PpEBB1 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis; the resultant phenotypes, including curved leaves, abnormal development of floral organs and low seed set, were similar to those of DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) overexpression, indicating that PpEBB1 was a putative ortholog of AtDRNL. PpEBB1 bound to the GCC box-like element in the STYLISH1/SHI RELATED SEQUENCE5 (STY1/SRS5) promoter of peach, which has been proposed to occur in Arabidopsis as well. A GCC box-like element was also found in the YUCCA1 (YUC1) promoter, and PpEBB1 could bind to this element and activate the expression of YUC1. In addition to the elevated auxin content in the PpEBB1-oe plants as observed in our previous study, these results suggest that PpEBB1 can regulate auxin biosynthesis by directly activating related genes. Besides, we screened a zinc finger RING-finger protein, MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (PpMIEL1), showing interaction with PpEBB1, suggesting that the stability of PpEBB1 might be influenced by PpMIEL1 through ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China.
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Cucinotta M, Cavalleri A, Chandler JW, Colombo L. Auxin and Flower Development: A Blossoming Field. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039974. [PMID: 33355218 PMCID: PMC7849340 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the species-specific floral organ body plan involves many coordinated spatiotemporal processes, which include the perception of positional information that specifies floral meristem and floral organ founder cells, coordinated organ outgrowth coupled with the generation and maintenance of inter-organ and inter-whorl boundaries, and the termination of meristem activity. Auxin is integrated within the gene regulatory networks that control these processes and plays instructive roles at the level of tissue-specific biosynthesis and polar transport to generate local maxima, perception, and signaling. Key features of auxin function in several floral contexts include cell nonautonomy, interaction with cytokinin gradients, and the central role of MONOPTEROS and ETTIN to regulate canonical and noncanonical auxin response pathways, respectively. Arabidopsis flowers are not representative of the enormous angiosperm floral diversity; therefore, comparative studies are required to understand how auxin underlies these developmental differences. It will be of great interest to compare the conservation of auxin pathways among flowering plants and to discuss the evolutionary role of auxin in floral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Glowa D, Comelli P, Chandler JW, Werr W. Clonal sector analysis and cell ablation confirm a function for DORNROESCHEN-LIKE in founder cells and the vasculature in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2021; 253:27. [PMID: 33420666 PMCID: PMC7794208 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inducible lineage analysis and cell ablation via conditional toxin expression in cells expressing the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE transcription factor represent an effective and complementary adjunct to conventional methods of functional gene analysis. Classical methods of functional gene analysis via mutational and expression studies possess inherent limitations, and therefore, the function of a large proportion of transcription factors remains unknown. We have employed two complementary, indirect methods to obtain functional information for the AP2/ERF transcription factor DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL), which is dynamically expressed in flowers and marks lateral organ founder cells. An inducible, two-component Cre-Lox system was used to express beta-glucuronidase GUS in cells expressing DRNL, to perform a sector analysis that reveals lineages of cells that transiently expressed DRNL throughout plant development. In a complementary approach, an inducible system was used to ablate cells expressing DRNL using diphtheria toxin A chain, to visualise the phenotypic consequences. These complementary analyses demonstrate that DRNL functionally marks founder cells of leaves and floral organs. Clonal sectors also included the vasculature of the leaves and petals, implicating a previously unidentified role for DRNL in provasculature development, which was confirmed in cotyledons by closer analysis of drnl mutants. Our findings demonstrate that inducible gene-specific lineage analysis and cell ablation via conditional toxin expression represent an effective and informative adjunct to conventional methods of functional gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Glowa
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Comelli
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Zhao X, Wen B, Li C, Tan Q, Liu L, Chen X, Li L, Fu X. Overexpression of the Peach Transcription Factor Early Bud-Break 1 Leads to More Branches in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681283. [PMID: 34220902 PMCID: PMC8247907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is an important adaptive trait that determines plant architecture. In a previous study, the Early bud-break 1 (EBB1) gene in peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina) cultivar Zhongyou 4 was transformed into poplar (Populus trichocarpa). PpEBB1-oe poplar showed a more branched phenotype. To understand the potential mechanisms underlying the EBB1-mediated branching, transcriptomic and proteomics analyses were used. The results showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)/differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with light response, sugars, brassinosteroids (BR), and nitrogen metabolism were significantly enriched in PpEBB1-oe poplar. In addition, contents of sugars, BR, and amino acids were measured. Results showed that PpEBB1 significantly promoted the accumulation of fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and starch. Contents of brassinolide (BL), castasterone (CS), and 6-deoxocathasterone (6-deoxoCS) were all significantly changed with overexpressing PpEBB1. Various types of amino acids were measured and four of them were significantly improved in PpEBB1-oe poplar, including aspartic acid (Asp), arginine (Arg), cysteine (Cys), and tryptohpan (Trp). Taken together, shoot branching is a process controlled by a complex regulatory network, and PpEBB1 may play important roles in this process through the coordinating multiple metabolic pathways involved in shoot branching, including light response, phytohormones, sugars, and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
- Ling Li,
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiling Fu,
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Comelli P, Glowa D, Frerichs A, Engelhorn J, Chandler JW, Werr W. Functional dissection of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE enhancer 2 during embryonic and phyllotactic patterning. PLANTA 2020; 251:90. [PMID: 32236749 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE enhancer 2 comprises a high-occupancy target region in the IM periphery that integrates signals for the spiral phyllotactic pattern and cruciferous arrangement of sepals. Transcription of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) gene marks lateral organ founder cells (LOFCs) in the peripheral zone of the inflorescence meristem (IM) and enhancer 2 (En2) in the DRNL promoter upstream region essentially contributes to this phyllotactic transcription pattern. Further analysis focused on the phylogenetically highly conserved 100-bp En2core element, which was sufficient to promote the phyllotactic pattern, but was recalcitrant to further shortening. Here, we show that En2core functions independent of orientation and create a series of mutations to study consequences on the transcription pattern. Their analysis shows that, first, in addition to in the inflorescence apex, En2core acts in the embryo; second, cis-regulatory target sequences are distributed throughout the 100-bp element, although substantial differences exist in their function between embryo and IM. Third, putative core auxin response elements (AuxREs) spatially activate or restrict DRNL expression, and fourth, according to chromatin configuration data, En2core enhancer activity in LOFCs correlates with an open chromatin structure at the DRNL transcription start. In combination, mutational and chromatin analyses imply that En2core comprises a high-occupancy target (HOT) region for transcription factors, which implements phyllotactic information for the spiral LOFC pattern in the IM periphery and coordinates the cruciferous array of floral sepals. Our data disfavor a contribution of activating auxin response factors (ARFs) but do not exclude auxin as a morphogenetic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Comelli
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Glowa
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anneke Frerichs
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Engelhorn
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Frerichs A, Engelhorn J, Altmüller J, Gutierrez-Marcos J, Werr W. Specific chromatin changes mark lateral organ founder cells in the Arabidopsis inflorescence meristem. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3867-3879. [PMID: 31037302 PMCID: PMC6685650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) were combined to analyse the chromatin state of lateral organ founder cells (LOFCs) in the peripheral zone of the Arabidopsis apetala1-1 cauliflower-1 double mutant inflorescence meristem. On a genome-wide level, we observed a striking correlation between transposase hypersensitive sites (THSs) detected by ATAC-seq and DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs). The mostly expanded DHSs were often substructured into several individual THSs, which correlated with phylogenetically conserved DNA sequences or enhancer elements. Comparing chromatin accessibility with available RNA-seq data, THS change configuration was reflected by gene activation or repression and chromatin regions acquired or lost transposase accessibility in direct correlation with gene expression levels in LOFCs. This was most pronounced immediately upstream of the transcription start, where genome-wide THSs were abundant in a complementary pattern to established H3K4me3 activation or H3K27me3 repression marks. At this resolution, the combined application of FACS/ATAC-seq is widely applicable to detect chromatin changes during cell-type specification and facilitates the detection of regulatory elements in plant promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Frerichs
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Engelhorn
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Weyertal Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Zhang C, Wang J, Wenkel S, Chandler JW, Werr W, Jiao Y. Spatiotemporal control of axillary meristem formation by interacting transcriptional regulators. Development 2018; 145:dev.158352. [PMID: 30446629 PMCID: PMC6307885 DOI: 10.1242/dev.158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Branching is a common feature of plant development. In seed plants, axillary meristems (AMs) initiate in leaf axils to enable lateral shoot branching. AM initiation requires a high level of expression of the meristem marker SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) in the leaf axil. Here, we show that modules of interacting transcriptional regulators control STM expression and AM initiation. Two redundant AP2-type transcription factors, DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL), control AM initiation by regulating STM expression. DRN and DRNL directly upregulate STM expression in leaf axil meristematic cells, as does another transcription factor, REVOLUTA (REV). The activation of STM expression by DRN/DRNL depends on REV, and vice versa. DRN/DRNL and REV have overlapping expression patterns and protein interactions in the leaf axil, which are required for the upregulation of STM expression. Furthermore, LITTLE ZIPPER3, another REV-interacting protein, is expressed in the leaf axil and interferes with the DRN/DRNL-REV interaction to negatively modulate STM expression. Our results support a model in which interacting transcriptional regulators fine-tune the expression of STM to precisely regulate AM initiation. Thus, shoot branching recruits the same conserved protein complexes used in embryogenesis and leaf polarity patterning. Summary: Shoot branching uses interacting transcriptional regulators to fine-tune the spatiotemporal expression of STM and, thus, to precisely regulate axillary meristem initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stephan Wenkel
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John W Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Nagle M, Déjardin A, Pilate G, Strauss SH. Opportunities for Innovation in Genetic Transformation of Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1443. [PMID: 30333845 PMCID: PMC6176273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of DNA into plant genomes followed by regeneration of non-chimeric stable plants (transformation) remains a major challenge for most plant species. Forest trees are particularly difficult as a result of their biochemistry, aging, desire for clonal fidelity, delayed reproduction, and high diversity. We review two complementary approaches to transformation that appear to hold promise for forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nagle
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | | | - Steven H. Strauss
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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13
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Chandler JW. Class VIIIb APETALA2 Ethylene Response Factors in Plant Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:151-162. [PMID: 29074232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor superfamily in many plant species is extremely large. In addition to well-documented roles in stress responses, some AP2 members in arabidopsis, such as those of subgroup VIIIb, which includes DORNRÖSCHEN, DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE, PUCHI, and LEAFY PETIOLE, are also important developmental regulators throughout the plant life cycle. Information is accumulating from orthologs of these proteins in important crop species that they influence key agronomic traits, such as the release of bud-burst in woody perennials and floral meristem identity and branching in cereals, and thereby represent potential for agronomic improvement. Given the increasing recognition of their developmental significance, this review highlights the function of these proteins and addresses their phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Chandler
- Institute for Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Durán-Medina Y, Serwatowska J, Reyes-Olalde JI, de Folter S, Marsch-Martínez N. The AP2/ERF Transcription Factor DRNL Modulates Gynoecium Development and Affects Its Response to Cytokinin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1841. [PMID: 29123539 PMCID: PMC5662920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The gynoecium is the female reproductive system in flowering plants. It is a complex structure formed by different tissues, some that are essential for reproduction and others that facilitate the fertilization process and nurture and protect the developing seeds. The coordinated development of these different tissues during the formation of the gynoecium is important for reproductive success. Both hormones and genetic regulators guide the development of the different tissues. Auxin and cytokinin in particular have been found to play important roles in this process. On the other hand, the AP2/ERF2 transcription factor BOL/DRNL/ESR2/SOB is expressed at very early stages of aerial organ formation and has been proposed to be a marker for organ founder cells. In this work, we found that this gene is also expressed at later stages during gynoecium development, particularly at the lateral regions (the region related to the valves of the ovary). The loss of DRNL function affects gynoecium development. Some of the mutant phenotypes present similarities to those observed in plants treated with exogenous cytokinins, and AHP6 has been previously proposed to be a target of DRNL. Therefore, we explored the response of drnl-2 developing gynoecia to cytokinins, and found that the loss of DRNL function affects the response of the gynoecium to exogenously applied cytokinins in a developmental-stage-dependent manner. In summary, this gene participates during gynoecium development, possibly through the dynamic modulation of cytokinin homeostasis and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Durán-Medina
- Laboratorio de Identidad Celular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Joanna Serwatowska
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - J. Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Identidad Celular de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
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15
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Chandler JW, Werr W. DORNRÖSCHEN, DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE, and PUCHI redundantly control floral meristem identity and organ initiation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3457-3472. [PMID: 28859377 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The biphasic floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana involves many redundant intersecting regulatory networks. The related AP2 transcription factors DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN), DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL), and PUCHI individually execute well-characterized functions in diverse developmental contexts, including floral development. Here, we show that their combined loss of function leads to synergistic floral phenotypes, including reduced floral merosity in all whorls, which reflects redundant functions of all three genes in organ initiation rather than outgrowth. Additional loss of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 functions results in the complete conversion of floral meristems into secondary inflorescence shoots, demonstrating that all five genes define an essential regulatory network for establishing floral meristem identity, and we show that their functions converge to regulate LEAFY expression. Thus, despite their largely discrete spatiotemporal expression domains in the inflorescence meristem and early floral meristem, PUCHI, DRN, and DRNL interdependently contribute to cellular fate decisions. Auxin might represent one potential non-cell-autonomous mediator of their gene functions, because PUCHI, DRN, and DRNL all interact with auxin transport and biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - W Werr
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Germany
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16
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Zhang C, Wu X, Zhang B, Chen Q, Liu M, Xin D, Qi Z, Li S, Ma Y, Wang L, Jin Y, Li W, Wu X, Su AY. Functional analysis of the GmESR1 gene associated with soybean regeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175656. [PMID: 28403182 PMCID: PMC5389854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant regeneration can occur via in vitro tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis or de novo shoot organogenesis. Transformation of soybean (Glycine max) is difficult, hence optimization of the transformation system for soybean regeneration is required. This study investigated ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 1 (GmESR1), a soybean transcription factor that targets regeneration-associated genes. Sequence analysis showed that GmESR1 contained a conserved 57 amino acid APETALA 2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) DNA-binding domain. The relative expression level of GmESR1 was highest in young embryos, flowers and stems in the soybean cultivar 'Dongnong 50'. To examine the function of GmESR1, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and soybean plants overexpressing GmESR1 were generated. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of GmESR1 resulted in accelerated seed germination, and seedling shoot and root elongation. In soybean overexpression of GmESR1 also led to faster seed germination, and shoot and root elongation. GmESR1 specifically bound to the GCC-box. The results provide a foundation for the establishment of an efficient and stable transformation system for soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Xin
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sinan Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Ma
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingshuang Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangmei Jin
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
| | - An-yu Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University. Harbin, Heilongjiang province, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
Lateral plant organs, particularly leaves, initiate at the flanks of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) following auxin maxima signals; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that tomato leafless (lfs) mutants fail to produce cotyledons and leaves and grow a naked pin while maintaining an active SAM. A similar phenotype was observed among pin-like shoots induced by polar auxin transport inhibitors such as 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Both types of pin-like shoots showed reduced expression of primordia markers as well as abnormal auxin distribution, as evidenced by expression of the auxin reporters pPIN1:PIN1:GFP and DR5:YFP Upon auxin microapplication, both lfs meristems and TIBA-pin apices activated DR5:YFP expression with similar kinetics; however, only lfs plants failed to concurrently initiate leaf primordia. We found that LFS encodes the single tomato ortholog of Arabidopsis DORNRONSCHEN (DRN) and DRN-like (DRNL) genes and is transiently expressed at incipient and young primordia, overlapping with auxin response maxima. LFS is rapidly induced by auxin application, implying feed-forward activity between LFS and auxin signals. However, driving LFS at auxin response maxima sites using the DR5 promoter fails to fully rescue lfs plants, suggesting that additional, auxin-independent regulation is needed. Indeed, extended GCC-box elements upstream of LFS drove primordia-specific expression in a LFS-dependent but auxin-independent manner. We thus suggest that LFS transiently acts at the site of primordia initiation, where it provides a specific context to auxin response maxima culminating in leaf primordia initiation.
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18
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Seeliger I, Frerichs A, Glowa D, Velo L, Comelli P, Chandler JW, Werr W. The AP2-type transcription factors DORNRÖSCHEN and DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE promote G1/S transition. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1835-49. [PMID: 27277595 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paralogous genes DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) encode AP2-type transcription factors that are expressed and act cell-autonomously in the central stem-cell zone or lateral organ founder cells (LOFCs) in the peripheral zone of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem (SAM), but their molecular contribution is unknown. Here, we show using the Arabidopsis thaliana MERISTEM LAYER 1 promoter that DRN and DRNL share a common function in cell cycle progression and potentially provide local competence for G1-S transitions in the SAM. Analysis of double transgenic DRN::erGFP and DRNL::erCERULEAN promoter fusion lines suggests that the trajectory of this cellular competence starts with DRN activity in the central stem-cell zone and extends locally via DRNL activity into groups of founder cells at the IM or FM periphery. Our data support the scenario that after gene duplication, DRN and DRNL acquired different transcription domains within the shoot meristem, but retained protein function that affects cell cycle progression, either centrally in stem cells or peripherally in primordial founder cells, a finding that is of general relevance for meristem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Seeliger
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anneke Frerichs
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Glowa
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Velo
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Comelli
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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19
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Comelli P, Glowa D, Chandler JW, Werr W. Founder-cell-specific transcription of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE promoter and integration of the auxin response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:143-155. [PMID: 26428063 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcription of the DORNRÖSCHEN (DRNL) promoter marks lateral-organ founder cells throughout Arabidopsis development, from cotyledons to flowers or floral organs. In the inflorescence apex, DRNL::GFP depicts incipient floral phyllotaxy, and organs in the four floral whorls are differentially prepatterned: the sepals unidirectionally along an abaxial-adaxial axis, the four petals and two lateral stamens in two putative morphogenetic fields, and the medial stamens subsequently in a ring-shaped domain, before two groups of carpel founder cells are specified. The dynamic DRNL transcription pattern is controlled by three enhancer elements, which redundantly and synergistically control qualitative or quantitative aspects of expression, and differentially integrate the auxin response in Arabidopsis inflorescence and floral meristems. The high sequence conservation of all three enhancer elements among the Brassicaceae is striking, which suggests that densely packed cis-regulatory elements are conserved to recruit multiple transcription factors, including auxin response factors, into higher-order enhanceosome complexes. The spatial organization of the enhancers is also conserved, by a microsynteny that extends beyond the Brassicaceae, which relates to enhancer sharing, as the distal element En1 bidirectionally serves DRNL and the upstream At1g24600 gene; the genes are transcribed in opposite directions and possibly comprise a conserved functional chromatin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Comelli
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Glowa
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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20
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Robert HS, Crhak Khaitova L, Mroue S, Benková E. The importance of localized auxin production for morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5029-42. [PMID: 26019252 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant sexual reproduction involves highly structured and specialized organs: stamens (male) and gynoecia (female, containing ovules). These organs synchronously develop within protective flower buds, until anthesis, via tightly coordinated mechanisms that are essential for effective fertilization and production of viable seeds. The phytohormone auxin is one of the key endogenous signalling molecules controlling initiation and development of these, and other, plant organs. In particular, its uneven distribution, resulting from tightly controlled production, metabolism and directional transport, is an important morphogenic factor. In this review we discuss how developmentally controlled and localized auxin biosynthesis and transport contribute to the coordinated development of plants' reproductive organs, and their fertilized derivatives (embryos) via the regulation of auxin levels and distribution within and around them. Current understanding of the links between de novo local auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and/or signalling is presented to highlight the importance of the non-cell autonomous action of auxin production on development and morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos. An overview of transcription factor families, which spatiotemporally define local auxin production by controlling key auxin biosynthetic enzymes, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène S Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Crhak Khaitova
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Souad Mroue
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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21
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Motte H, Vereecke D, Geelen D, Werbrouck S. The molecular path to in vitro shoot regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:107-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Baylis T, Cierlik I, Sundberg E, Mattsson J. SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH genes, regulators of auxin biosynthesis, are involved in leaf vein development in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:737-750. [PMID: 23293954 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Leaves depend on highly developed venation systems to collect fixed carbon for transport and to distribute water. We hypothesized that local regulation of auxin biosynthesis plays a role in vein development. To this effect, we assessed the role of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) gene family, zinc-finger transcription factors linked to regulation of auxin biosynthesis, in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf vein development. Gene functions were assessed by a combination of high-resolution spatio-temporal expression analysis of promoter-marker lines and phenotypic analysis of plants homozygous for single and multiple mutant combinations. The SHI/STY genes showed expression patterns with variations on a common theme of activity in incipient and developing cotyledon and leaf primordia, narrowing to apices and hydathode regions. Mutant analysis of single to quintuple mutant combinations revealed dose-dependent defects in vein patterning affecting multiple vein traits, most notably in cotyledons. Here we demonstrate that local regulation of auxin biosynthesis is an important aspect of leaf vein development. Our findings also support a model in which auxin synthesized at the periphery of primordia affects vein development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Baylis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Izabela Cierlik
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jim Mattsson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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23
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Cole M, Jacobs B, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Balzergue S, Renou JP, Chandler JW, Werr W. Live imaging of DORNRÖSCHEN and DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE promoter activity reveals dynamic changes in cell identity at the microcallus surface of Arabidopsis embryonic suspensions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:45-59. [PMID: 23011125 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : Transgenic DRN::erGFP and DRNL::erGFP reporters access the window from explanting Arabidopsis embryos to callus formation and provide evidence for the acquisition of shoot meristem cell fates at the microcalli surface. The DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) genes encode AP2-type transcription factors, which are activated shortly after fertilisation in the zygotic Arabidopsis embryo. We have monitored established transgenic DRN::erGFP and DRNL::erGFP reporter lines using live imaging, for expression in embryonic suspension cultures and our data show that transgenic fluorophore markers are suitable to resolve dynamic changes of cellular identity at the surface of microcalli and enable fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Although DRN::erGFP and DRNL::erGFP are both activated in surface cells, their promoter activity marks different cell identities based on real-time PCR experiments and whole transcriptome microarray data. These transcriptome analyses provide no evidence for the maintenance of embryogenic identity under callus-inducing high-auxin tissue culture conditions but are compatible with the acquisition of shoot meristem cell fates at the surface of suspension calli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cole
- Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Biozentrum, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Köln, Germany
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24
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Engelhorn J, Reimer JJ, Leuz I, Göbel U, Huettel B, Farrona S, Turck F. Development-related PcG target in the apex 4 controls leaf margin architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 2012; 139:2566-75. [PMID: 22675210 DOI: 10.1242/dev.078618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a reverse genetics screen based on a group of genes enriched for development-related Polycomb group targets in the apex (DPAs), we isolated DPA4 as a novel regulator of leaf margin shape. T-DNA insertion lines in the DPA4 locus display enhanced leaf margin serrations and enlarged petals, whereas overexpression of DPA4 results in smooth margins. DPA4 encodes a putative RAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcriptional repressor and is expressed in the lateral organ boundary region and in the sinus of leaf serrations. DPA4 expression domains overlap with those of the known leaf shape regulator CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 (CUC2) and we provide evidence that DPA4 negatively regulates CUC2 expression independently of MIR164A, an established regulator of CUC2. Taken together, the data suggest DPA4 as a newly identified player in the signalling network that controls leaf serrations in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Engelhorn
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
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25
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Jeong S, Volny M, Lukowitz W. Axis formation in Arabidopsis - transcription factors tell their side of the story. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:4-9. [PMID: 22079785 PMCID: PMC4629246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apical-to-basal auxin flux is a defining feature of land plants and determines their main body axis. How is the axis first set up in the embryo? Recent studies reveal that the establishment of embryonic polarity with the asymmetric first division as well as the separation of shoot and root fates within the proembryo depend on transcriptional regulation in the zygote and early embryo. Although the functional connections need to be better defined, this transcriptional network likely provides the positional information required for initiating the machinery capable of processing the systemic signal auxin in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Jeong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 120 Carlton Street, Athens, GA 30602-7271, United States.
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26
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Lau S, Slane D, Herud O, Kong J, Jürgens G. Early embryogenesis in flowering plants: setting up the basic body pattern. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 63:483-506. [PMID: 22224452 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Early embryogenesis is the critical developmental phase during which the basic features of the plant body are established: the apical-basal axis of polarity, different tissue layers, and both the root pole and the shoot pole. Polarization of the zygote correlates with the generation of apical and basal (embryonic and extraembryonic) cell fates. Whereas mechanisms of zygote polarization are still largely unknown, distinct expression domains of WOX family transcription factors as well as directional auxin transport and local auxin response are known to be involved in early apical-basal patterning. Radial patterning of tissue layers appears to be mediated by cell-cell communication involving both peptide signaling and transcription factor movement. Although the initiation of the shoot pole is still unclear, the apical organization of the embryo depends on both the proper establishment of transcription factor expression domains and, for cotyledon initiation, upward auxin flow in the protoderm. Here we focus on the essential patterning processes, drawing mainly on data from Arabidopsis thaliana and also including relevant data from other species if available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Lau
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Eklund DM, Cierlik I, Ståldal V, Claes AR, Vestman D, Chandler J, Sundberg E. Expression of Arabidopsis SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH family genes in auxin biosynthesis zones of aerial organs is dependent on a GCC box-like regulatory element. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 157:2069-80. [PMID: 21976484 PMCID: PMC3327175 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.182253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plays a major role in growth responses to developmental and genetic signals as well as to environmental stimuli. Knowledge of its regulation, however, remains rudimentary, and few proteins acting as transcriptional modulators of auxin biosynthesis have been identified. We have previously shown that alteration in the expression level of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) family member STY1 affects IAA biosynthesis rates and IAA levels and that STY1 acts as a transcriptional activator of genes encoding auxin biosynthesis enzymes. Here, we have analyzed the upstream regulation of SHI/STY family members to gain further insight into transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis. We attempted to modulate the normal expression pattern of STY1 by mutating a putative regulatory element, a GCC box, located in the proximal promoter region and conserved in most SHI/STY genes in Arabidopsis. Mutations in the GCC box abolish expression in aerial organs of the adult plant. We also show that induction of the transcriptional activator DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) activates the transcription of STY1 and other SHI/STY family members and that this activation is dependent on a functional GCC box. Additionally, STY1 expression in the strong drnl-2 mutant or the drn drnl-1 puchi-1 triple mutant, carrying knockdown mutations in both DRNL and its close paralogue DRN as well as one of their closest homologs, PUCHI, was significantly reduced, suggesting that DRNL regulates STY1 during normal plant development and that several other genes might have redundant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Ståldal
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–75007 Uppsala, Sweden (D.M.E., I.C., V.S., A.R.C., D.V., E.S.); School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (D.M.E.); Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocentre, University of Cologne, D–50674 Cologne, Germany (J.C.)
| | - Andrea R. Claes
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–75007 Uppsala, Sweden (D.M.E., I.C., V.S., A.R.C., D.V., E.S.); School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (D.M.E.); Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocentre, University of Cologne, D–50674 Cologne, Germany (J.C.)
| | - Daniel Vestman
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–75007 Uppsala, Sweden (D.M.E., I.C., V.S., A.R.C., D.V., E.S.); School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (D.M.E.); Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocentre, University of Cologne, D–50674 Cologne, Germany (J.C.)
| | - John Chandler
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–75007 Uppsala, Sweden (D.M.E., I.C., V.S., A.R.C., D.V., E.S.); School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (D.M.E.); Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocentre, University of Cologne, D–50674 Cologne, Germany (J.C.)
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE–75007 Uppsala, Sweden (D.M.E., I.C., V.S., A.R.C., D.V., E.S.); School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (D.M.E.); Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocentre, University of Cologne, D–50674 Cologne, Germany (J.C.)
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28
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Chandler JW. Founder cell specification. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:607-13. [PMID: 21924666 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lateral organs arise from individual or groups of cells either on the flanks of meristems or within defined cellular positional contexts. The first event in organogenesis is founder cell specification. Auxin is one necessary signal in different organ specification contexts, but it is difficult to distinguish between correlative and causal signals and evidence is emerging that other signals exist and that the interplay between these signals is important for organ initiation. This review analyses the progress in understanding which signals contribute to founder cell specification and outlines the emerging complexities in the perception of positional information that are context-dependent and reliant on the establishment and coordination of different types of competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zuelpicher Strasse 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
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29
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Chandler JW, Jacobs B, Cole M, Comelli P, Werr W. DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE expression marks Arabidopsis floral organ founder cells and precedes auxin response maxima. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 76:171-85. [PMID: 21547450 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Live imaging during floral development revealed that expression of the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) gene encoding an AP2-like transcription factor, marks all organ founder cells. Transcription precedes the perception of auxin response maxima as measured by the DR5 reporter and is unaffected in early organogenesis, by mutation of four canonical auxin response elements (AuxREs) in the DRNL promoter. DRNL expression identifies discrete modes of organ initiation in the four floral whorls, from individual or pairs of organ anlagen in the outer whorl of sepals to two morphogenetic fields pre-patterning petals and lateral stamens, or a ring-shaped field giving rise to the medial stamens before carpel primordia are specified. DRNL function only overlaps in the central stem cell zone with that of its paralogue, DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN). drnl mutants are affected in floral organ outgrowth, which functionally interplays with boundary specification as organ fusions are sensitized by loss of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) gene activity, and synergistic interactions exist with mutants in local auxin biosynthesis and polar transport. DRNL apparently monitors and contributes to cellular decisions in the SAM and thus provides a novel molecular access to the interplay of founder cell specification, organ anlage and organogenesis in the SAM peripheral zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- John William Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Boscá S, Knauer S, Laux T. Embryonic development in Arabidopsis thaliana: from the zygote division to the shoot meristem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:93. [PMID: 22639618 PMCID: PMC3355580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Postembryonic organ formation of plants is fueled with cells from the stem cell niches in the shoot and root meristems. During the last two decades many players that regulate stem cell maintenance have been identified. With these factors in hand, the mechanisms establishing stem cell niches during embryo development can be addressed. Here we discuss current models of how the shoot meristem stem cell niche arises during Arabidopsis embryo pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Boscá
- Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Knauer
- Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Laux
- Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Laux, Faculty of Biology, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. e-mail:
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