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Tiziani R, Pranter M, Valentinuzzi F, Pii Y, Luigimaria B, Cesco S, Mimmo T. Unraveling plant adaptation to single and combined nutrient deficiencies in a dicotyledonous and a monocotyledonous plant species. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111793. [PMID: 37454818 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies considerably limit agricultural production worldwide. However, while single deficiencies are widely studied, combined deficiencies are poorly addressed. Hence, the aim of this paper was to study single and combined deficiencies of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Plants were grown in hydroponics and root exudation was measured over the growing period. At harvest, root morphology and root and shoot ionome was assessed. Shoot-to-root-ratio decreased in both species and in all nutrient deficiencies, besides in -Fe tomato. Barley root growth was enhanced in plants subjected to double deficiency behaving similarly to -P, while tomato reduced root morphology parameters in all treatments. To cope with the nutrient deficiency barley exuded mostly chelants, while tomato relied on organic acids. Moreover, tomato exhibited a slight exudation increase over time not detected in barley. Overall, in none of the species the double deficiency caused a substantial increase in root exudation. Multivariate statistics emphasized that all the treatments were significantly different from each other in tomato, while in barley only -Fe was statistically different from the other treatments. Our findings highlight that the response of the studied plants in double deficiencies is not additive but plant specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Tiziani
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Marion Pranter
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Borruso Luigimaria
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Competence Centre of Plant Health, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Universitá 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Zuluaga MYA, de Oliveira ALM, Valentinuzzi F, Jayme NS, Monterisi S, Fattorini R, Cesco S, Pii Y. An insight into the role of the organic acids produced by Enterobacter sp. strain 15S in solubilizing tricalcium phosphate: in situ study on cucumber. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:184. [PMID: 37438698 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of organic acids (OAs) is considered the main mechanism used by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to dissolve inorganic phosphate in soil. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of individual OAs produced by a particular PSB in a soil-plant system. For these reasons, the present work aimed at investigating the effect of Enterobacter sp. strain 15S and the exogenous application of its OAs on (i) the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), (ii) plant growth and (iii) P nutrition of cucumber. To this purpose two independent experiments have been performed. RESULTS In the first experiment, carried out in vitro, the phosphate solubilizing activity of Enterobacter 15S was associated with the release of citric, fumaric, ketoglutaric, malic, and oxalic acids. In the second experiment, cucumber plants were grown in a Leonard jar system consisting of a nutrient solution supplemented with the OAs previously identified in Enterobacter 15S (jar's base) and a substrate supplemented with the insoluble TCP where cucumber plants were grown (jar's top). The use of Enterobacter 15S and its secreted OAs proved to be efficient in the in situ TCP solubilization. In particular, the enhancement of the morpho-physiological traits of P-starved cucumber plants was evident when treated with Enterobacter 15S, oxalate, or citrate. The highest accumulation of P in roots and shoots induced by such treatments further corroborated this hypothesis. CONCLUSION In our study, the results presented suggest that organic acids released by Enterobacter 15S as well as the bacterium itself can enhance the P-acquisition by cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy.
| | | | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Nádia Souza Jayme
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sonia Monterisi
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Roberto Fattorini
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, Bolzano, 39100, Italy.
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Xie B, Chen Y, Zhang Y, An X, Li X, Yang A, Kang G, Zhou J, Cheng C. Comparative physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of apple dwarfing rootstock root morphogenesis under nitrogen and/or phosphorus deficient conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120777. [PMID: 37404544 PMCID: PMC10315683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential phytomacronutrients, and deficiencies in these two elements limit growth and yield in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The rootstock plays a key role in the nutrient uptake and environmental adaptation of apple. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of N and/or P deficiency on hydroponically-grown dwarfing rootstock 'M9-T337' seedlings, particularly the roots, by performing an integrated physiological, transcriptomics-, and metabolomics-based analyses. Compared to N and P sufficiency, N and/or P deficiency inhibited aboveground growth, increased the partitioning of total N and total P in roots, enhanced the total number of tips, length, volume, and surface area of roots, and improved the root-to-shoot ratio. P and/or N deficiency inhibited NO3 - influx into roots, and H+ pumps played a important role in the response to P and/or N deficiency. Conjoint analysis of differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in roots revealed that N and/or P deficiency altered the biosynthesis of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. The expression of MdEXPA4 and MdEXLB1, two cell wall expansin genes, were shown to be induced by N and/or P deficiency. Overexpression of MdEXPA4 enhanced root development and improved tolerance to N and/or P deficiency in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, overexpression of MdEXLB1 in transgenic Solanum lycopersicum seedlings increased the root surface area and promoted acquisition of N and P, thereby facilitating plant growth and adaptation to N and/or P deficiency. Collectively, these results provided a reference for improving root architecture in dwarfing rootstock and furthering our understanding of integration between N and P signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiuhong An
- Research Center for Agricultural Engineering Technology of Mountain District of Hebei/Mountainous Areas Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - An Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Guodong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
| | - Cungang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Liaoning Province/Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, China
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Guo G, Yu T, Zhang H, Chen M, Dong W, Zhang S, Tang X, Liu L, Heng W, Zhu L, Jia B. Evidence That PbrSAUR72 Contributes to Iron Deficiency Tolerance in Pears by Facilitating Iron Absorption. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112173. [PMID: 37299155 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element for plants; however, low bioactive Fe in soil continuously places plants in an Fe-deficient environment, triggering oxidative damage. To cope with this, plants make a series of alterations to increase Fe acquisition; however, this regulatory network needs further investigation. In this study, we found notably decreased indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in chlorotic pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) leaves caused by Fe deficiency. Furthermore, IAA treatment slightly induced regreening by increasing chlorophyll synthesis and Fe2+ accumulation. At that point, we identified PbrSAUR72 as a key negative effector output of auxin signaling and established its close relationship to Fe deficiency. Furthermore, the transient PbrSAUR72 overexpression could form regreening spots with increased IAA and Fe2+ content in chlorotic pear leaves, whereas its transient silencing does the opposite in normal pear leaves. In addition, cytoplasm-localized PbrSAUR72 exhibits root expression preferences and displays high homology to AtSAUR40/72. This promotes salt tolerance in plants, indicating a putative role for PbrSAUR72 in abiotic stress responses. Indeed, transgenic plants of Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing PbrSAUR72 displayed less sensitivity to Fe deficiency, accompanied by substantially elevated expression of Fe-induced genes, such as FER/FIT, HA, and bHLH39/100. These result in higher ferric chelate reductase and root pH acidification activities, thereby hastening Fe absorption in transgenic plants under an Fe-deficient condition. Moreover, the ectopic overexpression of PbrSAUR72 inhibited reactive oxygen species production in response to Fe deficiency. These findings contribute to a new understanding of PbrSAURs and its involvement in Fe deficiency, providing new insights for the further study of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the Fe deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Agricultural Experimental Center of Guiyang, Guiyang Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Singleron Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weiyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wei Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Liwu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Ghitti E, Rolli E, Crotti E, Borin S. Flavonoids Are Intra- and Inter-Kingdom Modulator Signals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122479. [PMID: 36557733 PMCID: PMC9781135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a broad class of secondary metabolites with multifaceted functionalities for plant homeostasis and are involved in facing both biotic and abiotic stresses to sustain plant growth and health. Furthermore, they were discovered as mediators of plant networking with the surrounding environment, showing a surprising ability to perform as signaling compounds for a multitrophic inter-kingdom level of communication that influences the plant host at the phytobiome scale. Flavonoids orchestrate plant-neighboring plant allelopathic interactions, recruit beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, counteract pathogen outbreak, influence soil microbiome and affect plant physiology to improve its resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. This review focuses on the diversified spectrum of flavonoid functions in plants under a variety of stresses in the modulation of plant morphogenesis in response to environmental clues, as well as their role as inter-kingdom signaling molecules with micro- and macroorganisms. Regarding the latter, the review addresses flavonoids as key phytochemicals in the human diet, considering their abundance in fruits and edible plants. Recent evidence highlights their role as nutraceuticals, probiotics and as promising new drugs for the treatment of several pathologies.
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Buoso S, Zamboni A, Franco A, Commisso M, Guzzo F, Varanini Z, Pinton R, Tomasi N, Zanin L. Nodulating white lupins take advantage of the reciprocal interplay between N and P nutritional responses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13607. [PMID: 34837246 PMCID: PMC9303408 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), is one of the most limiting factors for crop production. In this study, under N- and P-free nutrient solution (-N-P), nodulating white lupin plants developed some nodules and analogous cluster root structures characterized by different morphological, physiological, and molecular responses than those observed upon single nutrient deficiency (strong acidification of external media, a better nutritional status than -N+P and +N-P plants). The multi-elemental analysis highlighted that the concentrations of nutrients in white lupin plants were mainly affected by P availability. Gene-expression analyses provided evidence of interconnections between N and P nutritional pathways that are active to promote N and P balance in plants. The root exudome was mainly characterized by N availability in nutrient solution, and, in particular, the absence of N and P in the nutrient solution triggered a high release of phenolic compounds, nucleosides monophosphate and saponines by roots. These morphological, physiological, and molecular responses result from a close interplay between N and P nutritional pathways. They contribute to the good development of nodulating white lupin plants when grown on N- and P-free media. This study provides evidence that limited N and P availability in the nutrient solution can promote white lupin-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis, which is favourable for the sustainability of legume production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buoso
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Alessandro Franco
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
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Comprehensive Genome-Wide Identification and Transcript Profiling of GABA Pathway Gene Family in Apple ( Malus domestica). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121973. [PMID: 34946926 PMCID: PMC8700813 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), a four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. GABA is involved in pH regulation, maintaining C/N balance, plant development and defence, as well as a compatible osmolyte and an alternative pathway for glutamate utilization via anion flux. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) and GABA transaminase (GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19) are two key enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of GABA. Recently, GABA transporters (GATs), protein and aluminium-activated malate transporter (ALMT) proteins which function as GABA receptors, have been shown to be involved in GABA regulation. However, there is no report on the characterization of apple GABA pathway genes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the GABA pathway gene family in the apple genome. A total of 24 genes were identified including five GAD genes (namely MdGAD 1–5), two GABA-T genes (namely MdGABA-T 1,2), 10 GAT genes (namely GAT 1–10) and seven ALMT genes (namely MdALMT1–7). These genes were randomly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses grouped GABA shunt genes into three clusters—cluster I, cluster II, and cluster III—which had three, four, and five genes, respectively. The expression profile analysis revealed significant MdGAD4 expression levels in both fruit and flower organs, except pollen. However, there were no significant differences in the expression of other GABA shunt genes in different tissues. This work provides the first characterization of the GABA shunt gene family in apple and suggests their importance in apple response to abiotic stress. These results can serve as a guide for future studies on the understanding and functional characterization of these gene families.
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Research and Progress on the Mechanism of Iron Transfer and Accumulation in Rice Grains. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122610. [PMID: 34961081 PMCID: PMC8708893 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is one of the most important micronutrients for organisms. Currently, Fe deficiency is a growing nutritional problem and is becoming a serious threat to human health worldwide. A method that could help alleviate this “hidden hunger” is increasing the bioavailable Fe concentrations in edible tissues of major food crops. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of Fe accumulation in different crop tissues will help to develop crops with higher Fe nutritional values. Biofortification significantly increases the concentration of Fe in crops. This paper considers the important food crop of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as an example and highlights recent research advances on the molecular mechanisms of Fe uptake and allogeneic uptake in different tissues of rice. In addition, different approaches to the biofortification of Fe nutrition in rice and their outcomes are described and discussed. To address the problems that occur during the development and application of improving nutritional Fe in rice, technical strategies and long-term solutions are also proposed as a reference for the future improvement of staple food nutrition with micronutrients.
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Fan X, Zhou X, Chen H, Tang M, Xie X. Cross-Talks Between Macro- and Micronutrient Uptake and Signaling in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663477. [PMID: 34721446 PMCID: PMC8555580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In nature, land plants as sessile organisms are faced with multiple nutrient stresses that often occur simultaneously in soil. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are five of the essential nutrients that affect plant growth and health. Although these minerals are relatively inaccessible to plants due to their low solubility and relative immobilization, plants have adopted coping mechanisms for survival under multiple nutrient stress conditions. The double interactions between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe have long been recognized in plants at the physiological level. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying these cross-talks in plants remain poorly understood. This review preliminarily examined recent progress and current knowledge of the biochemical and physiological interactions between macro- and micro-mineral nutrients in plants and aimed to focus on the cross-talks between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe uptake and homeostasis in plants. More importantly, we further reviewed current studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-talks between N, Pi, S, Zn, and Fe homeostasis to better understand how these nutrient interactions affect the mineral uptake and signaling in plants. This review serves as a basis for further studies on multiple nutrient stress signaling in plants. Overall, the development of an integrative study of multiple nutrient signaling cross-talks in plants will be of important biological significance and crucial to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Alzate Zuluaga MY, Martinez de Oliveira AL, Valentinuzzi F, Tiziani R, Pii Y, Mimmo T, Cesco S. Can Inoculation With the Bacterial Biostimulant Enterobacter sp. Strain 15S Be an Approach for the Smarter P Fertilization of Maize and Cucumber Plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:719873. [PMID: 34504509 PMCID: PMC8421861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.719873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may also improve plant development and enhance nutrient availability, thus providing a promising alternative or supplement to chemical fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Enterobacter sp. strain 15S in improving the growth and P acquisition of maize (monocot) and cucumber (dicot) plants under P-deficient hydroponic conditions, either by itself or by solubilizing an external source of inorganic phosphate (Pi) [Ca3(PO4)2]. The inoculation with Enterobacter 15S elicited different effects on the root architecture and biomass of cucumber and maize depending on the P supply. Under sufficient P, the bacterium induced a positive effect on the whole root system architecture of both plants. However, under P deficiency, the bacterium in combination with Ca3(PO4)2 induced a more remarkable effect on cucumber, while the bacterium alone was better in improving the root system of maize compared to non-inoculated plants. In P-deficient plants, bacterial inoculation also led to a chlorophyll content [soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) index] like that in P-sufficient plants (p < 0.05). Regarding P nutrition, the ionomic analysis indicated that inoculation with Enterobacter 15S increased the allocation of P in roots (+31%) and shoots (+53%) of cucumber plants grown in a P-free nutrient solution (NS) supplemented with the external insoluble phosphate, whereas maize plants inoculated with the bacterium alone showed a higher content of P only in roots (36%) but not in shoots. Furthermore, in P-deficient cucumber plants, all Pi transporter genes (CsPT1.3, CsPT1.4, CsPT1.9, and Cucsa383630.1) were upregulated by the bacterium inoculation, whereas, in P-deficient maize plants, the expression of ZmPT1 and ZmPT5 was downregulated by the bacterial inoculation. Taken together, these results suggest that, in its interaction with P-deficient cucumber plants, Enterobacter strain 15S might have solubilized the Ca3(PO4)2 to help the plants overcome P deficiency, while the association of maize plants with the bacterium might have triggered a different mechanism affecting plant metabolism. Thus, the mechanisms by which Enterobacter 15S improves plant growth and P nutrition are dependent on crop and nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Yorlady Alzate Zuluaga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raphael Tiziani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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