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Xu S, Zhang Y, Liang F, Jiang S, Niu S, Wang X, Zhou Y, Cui B, Yuan X. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of polysaccharide and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Bletilla striata tubers in response to shading. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135545. [PMID: 39270910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides and various secondary metabolites are the major bioactive ingredients in Bletilla striata tubers and their biosynthesis and accumulation are influenced by light intensity. However, the mechanisms underlying shading effects remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used a combined analysis of the physiology, metabolome, and transcriptome to investigate the physiological activities and bioactive component accumulation of B. striata under different shading treatments (S0, S50, S70, and S90). The dry weight of shoots and tubers, net photosynthetic rate, and polysaccharide content were highest in S50 and lowest in S90. The content of precursors (sucrose, Glucose-6P, and Mannose-6P) for polysaccharide synthesis significantly increased in S50. However, the expression levels of genes involved in starch biosynthesis decreased in S50. Several structural genes involved in secondary metabolism, including cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), chalcone synthase (CHS), and 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), showed decreased expression in S50. However, the shading effect on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids) was inconsistent. Our study provides the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of shading on the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites in B. striata and offers a theoretical basis for the artificial cultivation and industrial production of bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenping Xu
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Suhua Jiang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Suyan Niu
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Ximeng Wang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Xiuyun Yuan
- Research Center of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China.
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Wang X, Wei X, Wu G, Chen S. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal high nitrate or ammonium applications alleviate photosynthetic decline of Phoebe bournei seedlings under elevated carbon dioxide by regulating glnA and rbcS. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:1085-1097. [PMID: 39100876 PMCID: PMC11291807 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The global CO2 concentration is predicted to reach 700 µmol·mol-1 by the end of this century. Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang is a precious timber species and is listed as a national secondary protection plant in China. P. bournei seedlings show obvious photosynthetic decline when grown long-term under an elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2, EC). This decline can be alleviated by high nitrate or ammonium applications. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. We performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of P. bournei of seedlings grown under an ambient CO2 concentration (AC) and applied with either a moderate level of nitrate (N), a high level of nitrate (hN), or a moderate level of ammonium (A) and compared them with those of seedlings grown under eCO2 (i.e., AC_N vs EC_N, AC_hN vs EC_hN, AC_A vs EC_A) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). We identified 4528 (AC_N vs EC_N), 1378 (AC_hN vs EC_hN), and 252 (AC_A vs EC_A) DEGs and 230, 514, and 234 DEPs, respectively, of which 59 specific genes and 21 specific proteins were related to the regulation of photosynthesis by nitrogen under eCO2. A combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified 7 correlation-DEGs-DEPs genes. These correlation-DEGs-DEPs genes revealed crucial pathways involved in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. The rbcS and glnA correlation-DEGs-DEPs genes were enriched in these two metabolisms. We propose that the rbcS and glnA correlation-DEGs-DEPs genes play an important role in photosynthetic decline and nitrogen regulation. High nitrate or ammonium applications alleviated the downregulation of glnA and rbcS and, hence, alleviated photosynthetic decline. The results of this study provide directions for the screening of germplasm resources and molecular breeding of P. bournei, which is tolerant to elevated CO2 concentrations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01481-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gaoyin Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengqun Chen
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Dai W, Li Q, Liu T, Long P, He Y, Sang M, Zou C, Chen Z, Yuan G, Ma L, Pan G, Shen Y. Combining genome-wide association study and linkage mapping in the genetic dissection of amylose content in maize (Zea mays L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:159. [PMID: 38872054 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Integrated linkage and association analysis revealed genetic basis across multiple environments. The genes Zm00001d003102 and Zm00001d015905 were further verified to influence amylose content using gene-based association study. Maize kernel amylose is an important source of human food and industrial raw material. However, the genetic basis underlying maize amylose content is still obscure. Herein, we used an intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) Syn10 doubled haploid population composed of 222 lines and a germplasm set including 305 inbred lines to uncover the genetic control for amylose content under four environments. Linkage mapping detected 16 unique QTL, among which four were individually repeatedly identified across multiple environments. Genome-wide association study revealed 17 significant (P = 2.24E-06) single-nucleotide polymorphisms, of which two (SYN19568 and PZE-105090500) were located in the intervals of the mapped QTL (qAC2 and qAC5-3), respectively. According to the two population co-localized loci, 20 genes were confirmed as the candidate genes for amylose content. Gene-based association analysis indicated that the variants in Zm00001d003102 (Beta-16-galactosyltransferase GALT29A) and Zm00001d015905 (Sugar transporter 4a) affected amylose content across multi-environment. Tissue expression analysis showed that the two genes were specifically highly expressed in the ear and stem, respectively, suggesting that they might participate in sugar transport from source to sink organs. Our study provides valuable genetic information for breeding maize varieties with high amylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengxiang Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaoying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangsheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Langlang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangtang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Ravi V, Raju S, More SJ. Evaluation of potential increase in photosynthetic efficiency of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants exposed to elevated carbon dioxide. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23254. [PMID: 38743837 DOI: 10.1071/fp23254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important tropical crop, is affected by extreme climatic events, including rising CO2 levels. We evaluated the short-term effect of elevated CO2 concentration (ECO2 ) (600, 800 and 1000ppm) on the photosynthetic efficiency of 14 cassava genotypes. ECO2 significantly altered gaseous exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate (P n ), stomatal conductance (g s ), intercellular CO2 (C i ) and transpiration (E )) in cassava leaves. There were significant but varying interactive effects between ECO2 and varieties on these physiological characteristics. ECO2 at 600 and 800ppm increased the P n rate in the range of 13-24% in comparison to 400ppm (ambient CO2 ), followed by acclimation at the highest concentration of 1000ppm. A similar trend was observed in g s and E . Conversely, C i increased significantly and linearly across increasing CO2 concentration. Along with C i , a steady increase in water use efficiency [WUEintrinsic (P n /g s ) and WUEinstantaneous (P n /E )] across various CO2 concentrations corresponded with the central role of restricted stomatal activity, a common response under ECO2 . Furthermore, P n had a significant quadratic relationship with the ECO2 (R 2 =0.489) and a significant and linear relationship with C i (R 2 =0.227). Relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit during the time of measurements remained at 70-85% and ~0.9-1.31kPa, respectively, at 26±2°C leaf temperature. Notably, not a single variety exhibited constant performance for any of the parameters across CO2 concentrations. Our results indicate that the potential photosynthesis can be increased up to 800ppm cassava varieties with high sink capacity can be cultivated under protected cultivation to attain higher productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ravi
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
| | - Saravanan Raju
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India
| | - Sanket J More
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram 695 017, Kerala, India; and ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Pune 410 505, Maharashtra, India
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Chauhan P, Mehta N, Chauhan RS, Kumar A, Singh H, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar R. Utilization of primary and secondary biochemical compounds in cotton as diagnostic markers for measuring resistance to cotton leaf curl virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1185337. [PMID: 37346125 PMCID: PMC10280379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1185337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the most important staple fibrous crops cultivated in India and globally. However, its production and quality are greatly hampered by cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) caused by cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biochemical mechanisms associated with CLCuD resistance in contrasting cotton genotypes. Methods Four commercial cotton varieties with susceptible (HS 6 and RCH-134 BG-II) and resistant (HS 1236 and Bunty) responses were used to analyze the role of primary (sugar, protein, and chlorophyll) and secondary (gossypol, phenol, and tannin) biochemical compounds produced by the plants against infection by CLCuV. The resistant cultivars with increased activity of protein, phenol, and tannin exhibited biochemical barriers against CLCuV infection, imparting resistance in cotton cultivars. Results Reducing sugar in the healthy plants of the susceptible Bt cultivar RCH 134 BG-II exhibited the highest value of 1.67 mg/g at 90 days. In contrast, the lowest value of 0.07 mg g-1 was observed at 60 DAS in the highly diseased plants of the susceptible hybrid HS 6. Higher phenol content (0.70 mg g-1) was observed at 90 DAS in resistant cultivars, whereas highly susceptible plants exhibited the least phenol (0.25 mg g-1) at 90 DAS. The lowest protein activity was observed at 120 DAS in susceptible cultivars HS 6 (9.4 mg g-1) followed by RCH 134 BG-II (10.5 mg g-1). However, other biochemical compounds, including chlorophyll, sugar, and gossypol, did not show a significant role in resistance against CLCuV. The disease progression analysis in susceptible cultivars revealed non-significant differences between the two susceptible varieties. Discussion Nevertheless, these compounds are virtually associated with the basic physiological and metabolic mechanisms of cotton plants. Among the primary biochemical compounds, only protein activity was proposed as the first line of defense in cotton against CLCuV. The secondary level of defense line in resistance showed the activity of secondary biochemical compounds phenol and tannins, which displayed a significant increase in their levels while imparting resistance against CLCuV in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chauhan
- College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Naresh Mehta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - R. S. Chauhan
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Department of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry & Postharvest Technology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Plant Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Plant Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Potato Research Institute, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R, Sharma S, Sagar V, Kumar A, Singh B, Aggarwal R. Impact of Fusarium Infection on Potato Quality, Starch Digestibility, In Vitro Glycemic Response, and Resistant Starch Content. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040466. [PMID: 37108920 PMCID: PMC10144655 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato dry rot disease caused by multiple Fusarium species is a major global concern in potato production. In this investigation, the tubers of cultivars Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Frysona were artificially inoculated with an individual or combined inoculum of Fusarium sambucinum and Fusarium solani. Fusarium sambucinum caused a significantly higher lesion development (p < 0.01) than Fusarium solani, irrespective of cultivars. The combined inoculum of both the Fusarium species caused significantly higher rot development (p < 0.005) in inoculated tubers. Analyses of starch and amylose content revealed that individual or mixed infection of fungi caused a significant reduction (p < 0.005) in these parameters compared to healthy tubers. The increased starch digestibility due to fungal infection caused a higher glycemic index and glycemic load. The resistant starch also deteriorated in the infected potato tubers as compared to the control. Kufri Jyoti showed a higher starch and amylose content reduction in response to the treatments compared to Kufri Frysona. The correlation analysis demonstrated a negative correlation in lesion diameter and rot volume with starch and amylose content (p < -0.80). However, the glycemic index and resistant starch were positively correlated with lesion development. Altogether, these findings highlight the progressive deterioration of quality parameters, which will be a critical concern for processing industry stakeholders and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Vinay Sagar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Rahman M, Borah SM, Borah PK, Bora P, Sarmah BK, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar R. Deciphering the antimicrobial activity of multifaceted rhizospheric biocontrol agents of solanaceous crops viz., Trichoderma harzianum MC2, and Trichoderma harzianum NBG. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141506. [PMID: 36938007 PMCID: PMC10020943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Solanaceae family is generally known to be the third most economically important plant taxon, but also harbors a host of plant pathogens. Diseases like wilt and fruit rot of solanaceous crops cause huge yield losses in the field as well as in storage. In the present study, eight isolates of Trichoderma spp. were obtained from rhizospheric micro-flora of three solanaceous crops: tomato, brinjal, and chili plants, and were subsequently screened for pre-eminent biocontrol activity against three fungal (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Rhizoctonia solani) and one bacterial (Ralstonia solanacearum) pathogen. Morphological, ITS, and tef1α marker-based molecular identification revealed eight isolates were different strains of Trichoderma. Seven isolates were distinguished as T. harzianum while one was identified as T. asperellum. In vitro antagonistic and biochemical assays indicated significant biocontrol activity governed by all eight isolates. Two fungal isolates, T. harzianum MC2 and T. harzianum NBG were further evaluated to decipher their best biological control activity. Preliminary insights into the secondary metabolic profile of both isolates were retrieved by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Further, a field experiment was conducted with the isolates T. harzianum MC2 and T. harzianum NBG which successfully resulted in suppression of bacterial wilt disease in tomato. Which possibly confer biocontrol properties to the identified isolates. The efficacy of these two strains in suppressing bacterial wilt and promoting plant growth in the tomato crop was also tested in the field. The disease incidence was significantly reduced by 47.50% and yield incremented by 54.49% in plants treated in combination with both the bioagents. The results of scanning electron microscopy were also in consensus with the in planta results. The results altogether prove that T. harzianum MC2 and T. harzianum NBG are promising microbes for their prospective use in agricultural biopesticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehjebin Rahman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Sapna Mayuri Borah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Pradip Kr. Borah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Popy Bora
- Department of Plant Pathology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Sarmah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Department of Plant Protection; Department of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry & Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Plant Protection; Department of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry & Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Plant Protection; Department of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry & Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
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Reyes-Rosales A, Cabrales-Orona G, Martínez-Gallardo NA, Sánchez-Segura L, Padilla-Escamilla JP, Palmeros-Suárez PA, Délano-Frier JP. Identification of genetic and biochemical mechanisms associated with heat shock and heat stress adaptation in grain amaranths. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101375. [PMID: 36818889 PMCID: PMC9932720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is poised to become a major factor negatively affecting plant performance worldwide. In terms of world food security, increased ambient temperatures are poised to reduce yields in cereals and other economically important crops. Grain amaranths are known to be productive under poor and/or unfavorable growing conditions that significantly affect cereals and other crops. Several physiological and biochemical attributes have been recognized to contribute to this favorable property, including a high water-use efficiency and the activation of a carbon starvation response. This study reports the behavior of the three grain amaranth species to two different stress conditions: short-term exposure to heat shock (HS) conditions using young plants kept in a conditioned growth chamber or long-term cultivation under severe heat stress in greenhouse conditions. The latter involved exposing grain amaranth plants to daylight temperatures that hovered around 50°C, or above, for at least 4 h during the day and to higher than normal nocturnal temperatures for a complete growth cycle in the summer of 2022 in central Mexico. All grain amaranth species showed a high tolerance to HS, demonstrated by a high percentage of recovery after their return to optimal growing conditions. The tolerance observed coincided with increased expression levels of unknown function genes previously shown to be induced by other (a)biotic stress conditions. Included among them were genes coding for RNA-binding and RNA-editing proteins, respectively. HS tolerance was also in accordance with favorable changes in several biochemical parameters usually induced in plants in response to abiotic stresses. Conversely, exposure to a prolonged severe heat stress seriously affected the vegetative and reproductive development of all three grain amaranth species, which yielded little or no seed. The latter data suggested that the usually stress-tolerant grain amaranths are unable to overcome severe heat stress-related damage leading to reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Reyes-Rosales
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Cabrales-Orona
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Norma A. Martínez-Gallardo
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Lino Sánchez-Segura
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jazmín P. Padilla-Escamilla
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Paola A. Palmeros-Suárez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - John P. Délano-Frier
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Development of Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA): A Methodology for Quick Diagnosis of Potato Leafroll Viral Disease in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032511. [PMID: 36768834 PMCID: PMC9916786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Potatoes are developed vegetatively from tubers, and therefore potato virus transmission is always a possibility. The potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is a highly devastating virus of the genus Polerovirus and family Luteoviridae and is regarded as the second-most destructive virus after Potato virus Y. Multiple species of aphids are responsible for the persistent and non-propagating transmission of PLRV. Due to intrinsic tuber damage (net necrosis), the yield and quality are drastically diminished. PLRV is mostly found in phloem cells and in extremely low amounts. Therefore, we have attempted to detect PLRV in both potato tuber and leaves using a highly sensitive, reliable and cheap method of one-step reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA). In this study, an isothermal amplification and detection approach was used for efficient results. Out of the three tested primer sets, one efficiently amplified a 153-bp product based on the coat protein gene. In the present study, there was no cross-reactivity with other potato viruses and the optimal amplification reaction time was thirty minutes. The products of RT-RPA were amplified at a temperature between 38 and 42 °C using a simple heating block/water bath. The present developed protocol of one-step RT-RPA was reported to be highly sensitive for both leaves and tuber tissues equally in comparison to the conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. By using template RNA extracted employing a cellular disc paper-based extraction procedure, the method was not only simplified but it detected the virus as effectively as purified total RNA. The simplified one-step RT-RPA test was proven to be successful by detecting PLRV in 129 samples of various potato cultivars (each consisting of leaves and tubers). According to our knowledge, this is the first report of a one-step RT-RPA performed using simple RNA extracted from cellular disc paper that is equally sensitive and specific for detecting PLRV in potatoes. In terms of versatility, durability and the freedom of a highly purified RNA template, the one-step RT-RPA assay exceeds the RT-PCR assay, making it an effective alternative for the certification of planting materials, breeding for virus resistance and disease monitoring.
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Yamori W, Ghannoum O. Adaptation of plants to a high CO 2 and high-temperature world. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:301-303. [PMID: 36326996 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services (ISAS), Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Japan.
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
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Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar A, Dey A, Kumar R, Kumar D, Jaiswal A, Changan SS, Raigond P, Dutt S, Luthra SK, Mandal S, Singh MP, Paul V, Singh B. Mechanistic Concept of Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of the Potato Crop to Heat and Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212857. [PMID: 36365310 PMCID: PMC9654185 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Most cultivated potatoes are tetraploid, and the tuber is the main economic part that is consumed due to its calorific and nutritional values. Recent trends in climate change led to the frequent occurrence of heat and drought stress in major potato-growing regions worldwide. The optimum temperature for tuber production is 15-20 °C. High-temperature and water-deficient conditions during the growing season result in several morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations. The morphological changes under stress conditions may affect the process of stolon formation, tuberization, and bulking, ultimately affecting the tuber yield. This condition also affects the physiological responses, including an imbalance in the allocation of photoassimilates, respiration, water use efficiency, transpiration, carbon partitioning, and the source-sink relationship. The biochemical responses under stress conditions involve maintaining ionic homeostasis, synthesizing heat shock proteins, achieving osmolyte balance, and generating reactive oxygen species, ultimately affecting various biochemical pathways. Different networks that include both gene regulation and transcription factors are involved at the molecular level due to the combination of hot and water-deficient conditions. This article attempts to present an integrative content of physio-biochemical and molecular responses under the combined effects of heat and drought, prominent factors in climate change. Taking into account all of these aspects and responses, there is an immediate need for comprehensive screening of germplasm and the application of appropriate approaches and tactics to produce potato cultivars that perform well under drought and in heat-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); Tel.: +91-9718815448 (M.K.L.)
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.L.); (R.K.T.); Tel.: +91-9718815448 (M.K.L.)
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | | | - Arvind Jaiswal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute Campus, Jalandhar 144026, India
| | | | - Pinky Raigond
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Som Dutt
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | | | - Sayanti Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijay Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
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Tu D, Jiang Y, Salah A, Cai M, Peng W, Zhang L, Li C, Cao C. Response of Source-Sink Characteristics and Rice Quality to High Natural Field Temperature During Reproductive Stage in Irrigated Rice System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911181. [PMID: 35865292 PMCID: PMC9294507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming greatly affects the development of rice at different growth stages, thereby deteriorating rice quality. However, the effect of high natural field temperature during reproductive stages on rice quality is unclear. Thus, grain filling dynamics, source-sink characteristics and quality-related traits were compared between two contrasting natural field temperature conditions namely normal (low temperature) (LRT) and hot (high temperature) growth season (HRT) during reproductive stage. Compared with LRT, HRT significantly increased chalky grain rate (about 1.6-3.1%), chalkiness level (about 4.7-22.4%), protein content (about 0.93-1.07%), pasting temperature, setback, and consistence, and decreased total starch content (about 4.6-6.2%). Moreover, HRT significantly reduced the leaf area index (LAI, about 0.54-1.11 m2 m-2), specific leaf weight (SLW, about 1.27-1.44 mg cm-2) and source-sink ratio (leaf-sink ratio and/or stem-sink ratio), shortened the active grain filling period by 3.1-3.2 days, and reduced the rations of dry matter translocation to grain (RDMs). In conclusion, we suggested that significant reduction in assimilate translocation after flowering, resulting in the reduced active grain-filling duration and the poor rice quality (high chalkiness and the poor eating and cooking quality), modulated by source-sink characteristics in response to high natural field temperature during reproductive stage. These results enriched the study of high temperature-stressed rice and served as an important reference for selecting high-quality, heat-tolerant varieties and protecting rice quality under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Akram Salah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingli Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengfang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cougui Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation (The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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