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Bhatt S, Raj SMP, Faridi N, Pathak D, Agarwal A, Mishra SP. Development of antibody to virulence factor flagellin and its evaluation in screening Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:809-821. [PMID: 38233641 PMCID: PMC10920531 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum presents a notable economic risk to a variety of crucial crops worldwide. During preliminary isolation of this phytopathogen, several colonies of other saprophytic bacteria may be mistaken with it. So, the present study aims to address this issue by proposing the application of immunogenic proteins, particularly flagellin (FliC), to enable a rapid and early identification of bacterial wilt. In this study, a novel approach is unveiled for the early detection of R. pseudosolanacearum. The study exploits the immunogenic attributes of flagellin (FliC), by generating polyclonal antibodies against recombinant FliC within model organisms-rabbits and mice. The efficacy of these antibodies is meticulously assessed through discerning techniques, including DAS-ELISA and Western blot analyses, which elucidate their remarkable specificity in identifying various R. pseudosolanacearum strains. Furthermore, the introduction of antibody-coated latex agglutinating reagents offers an additional layer of confirmation, substantiating the feasibility of establishing a laboratory-based toolkit for swift screening and unambiguous identification of the bacterial wilt pathogen. This study presents a significant stride toward enhancing early diagnostic capabilities, potentially revolutionizing agricultural practices by safeguarding crop yield and quality through proactive pathogen detection and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bhatt
- P P Savani University, Surat, Gujarat, 394125, India.
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India.
| | - S Merwyn P Raj
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Neha Faridi
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Dinesh Pathak
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Ankur Agarwal
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Shraddha P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research (DIBER), DRDO, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
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Kumar R, Kaundal P, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumari H, Kumar R, Sagar V, Singh B. Optimization of a simple, low-cost one-step reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification method for real-time detection of potato virus A in potato leaves and tubers. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:373. [PMID: 37854940 PMCID: PMC10579207 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03791-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetative propagation of potatoes makes it possible for potato viruses to be transmitted through tubers. Potato virus A (PVA) is one of these viruses, which belongs to the Potyvirus genus in the Potyviridae family. Potato tuber yield can be reduced by 30-40% by PVA alone. Losses can be further exacerbated by potato virus X and/or potato virus Y infection. PVA is transmitted primarily by several species of aphids in non-persistent manner. With the aim of resolving this problem, we developed one-step reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA), a highly sensitive and cost-effective method for detecting PVA in both potato tubers and leaves. Detection and amplification are performed using isothermal conditions in this method. There was good amplification of the coat protein gene in PVA with all three primers tested. To conduct this study, a primer set that can amplify specific 185 base pair (bp) product was selected. PVA detection was optimized by 30-min amplification reactions, which showed no cross-reactivity with other potato viruses. A simple heating block or water bath was used to amplify PVA product using RT-RPA at a temperature range of 38-42 °C. In comparison to conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the newly developed RT-RPA protocol exhibited high sensitivity for both potato leaves and tuber tissues. Using cellular paper-based simple RNA extraction procedure, the virus was detected in leaf samples as efficiently as purified total RNA. We also found that combining LiCl-based RNA precipitation with cellular paper discs allowed us to successfully optimize RNA extraction for one-step RT-RPA for detecting PVA in tubers. Tests using this simplified one-step RT-RPA method were successfully applied to 300 samples of both leaves and tubers from various potato cultivars. In our knowledge, this is the first report of an RT-RPA assay utilizing simple RNA obtained from either cellular disc paper or LiCl coupled with cellular disc paper to detect PVA. As a result, this method was equally sensitive and specific for detecting PVA in potatoes. The developed RT-RPA assay is more versatile, durable, and do not require highly purified RNA templates, thus providing an effective alternative to RT-PCR assays for screening of germplasm, certifying planting materials, breeding for virus resistance, and real-time monitoring of PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
- Present Address: ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Priyanka Kaundal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Hema Kumari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Vinay Sagar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171001 India
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Shen C, Hao J, Li Y, Jin J, Meng M, Zhang X, Lin M, Xu C, Zhu Q, Xie Y, Lin J, Liu Y, Liu X. Establishment of monoclonal antibody and scFv immuno-based assay for Cry2Aa toxin in spiked grain samples. Anal Biochem 2023; 677:115270. [PMID: 37531991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins have been widely used in the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for pest control. This work aimed to establish more cost effective methods for used Cry2Aa toxins. Three immunoassay methods (IC-ELISA, DAS-ELISA, and CLEIA) were successfully developed in this work. The mAb was used as the detecting antibody, for the IC-ELISA, the range of IC20 to IC80 was 1.11 μg/mL - 60.70 μg/mL, and an IC50 of 10.65 μg/mL. For the DAS-ELISA, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 10.76 ng/mL and 20.70 ng/mL, respectively. For the CLEIA, the LOD and LOQ were 6.17 ng/mL and 7.40 ng/mL, respectively. The scFv-based detections were the most sensitive for detecting Cry2Aa. The LOD and LOQ for the DAS-ELISA were 118.75 ng/mL and 633.48 ng/mL, respectively. The LOD and LOQ for the CLEIA, read as 37.47 ng/mL and 70.23 ng/mL, respectively. The fact that Cry2Aa toxin was recovered in spiked grain samples further demonstrated that the approaches might be used to identify field samples. These methods provided good sensitivity, stability, and applicability for detecting Cry2Aa toxin, promising ultrasensitive monitoring and references for Cry toxins risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Hao
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Manman Lin
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Discipline of Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Krishna GV, Kumar VM, Varma PK, Bhavani B, Kumar GV. Detection of Sugarcane bacilliform virus in diseased sugarcane plants in Andhra Pradesh, India by serological and molecular methods. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1399-1409. [PMID: 37580513 PMCID: PMC10485194 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane leaf fleck incited by Sugarcane bacilliform virus is emerging as a major disease and affecting exchange of sugarcane germplasm and cultivation worldwide. Roving surveys conducted in 162 fields belonging to 81 villages spread over 14 sugarcane growing districts of Andhra Pradesh during 2021-2022 revealed 8 to 44% incidence of the disease. Mean maximum fleck disease incidence was reported in Anakapalli district (33.00%) followed by Srikakulam district (22.66%), whereas least incidence was observed in Alluri Sitharamaraju district (9.33%). The early and sensitive detection of pathogens is vital and necessary to reduce the danger of introducing new diseases or pathogen strains into sugarcane growing regions. Both serological and molecular methods were used in proposed investigation to identify the virus at the protein and nucleic acid levels. DAS-ELISA results were positive for 50 suspected SCBV infected sugarcane leaf samples out of 81, with mean absorbance (A405) values ranging from 0.50 to 2.20. Further PCR assays were performed using SCBV-specific primers targeting RT/RNase H coding region which is frequently employed as a taxonomic marker for species delineation in Badnaviruses. Out of 81 symptomatic samples collected, 61 samples gave positive results, and no amplification was observed in healthy control and negative control. Results made it evident that PCR was more sensitive than DAS-ELISA. Low virus concentration or variation in virus strains may be the reason for the low detection rate in DAS-ELISA in the current study. Extensive roving surveys conducted for the incidence of leaf fleck disease for the first time in the state of Andhra Pradesh revealed severe occurrence of leaf fleck disease under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vamsi Krishna
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - V Manoj Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Kishore Varma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Bhavani
- Department of Entomology, DAATT Centre, Amalapuram, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Crop Physiology, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kebede M, Guadie D, Kidanemariam D, Abraham A. Serological, biological and molecular characterization of viruses causing mosaic diseases on cabbage ( Brassica sp L.) in Central Ethiopia. Virusdisease 2023; 34:213-220. [PMID: 37408550 PMCID: PMC10317906 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The productivity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Ethiopia has been generally low due to several biotic and abiotic constraints among which are several viral diseases. There is a recent report indicating that this economically important vegetable is seriously affected in Ethiopia by cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). However, little information exists on the incidence and distribution of these viruses as the previous report is based on samples only from Addis Ababa. In this study, a total of 370 leaf samples were collected from 75 cabbage growing fields in Central Ethiopia in two rounds of survey. Two cabbage varieties locally known as "Habesha gomen" and "Tikur gomen" with virus-like symptoms were collected and tested with Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) using polyclonal antibodies specific to CaMV and TuMV. Results from serological diagnosis were confirmed with PCR and Sanger sequencing. The results indicated a high incidence and wide distribution of both viruses in Central Ethiopia with an average of 29.5% infection for CaMV and 40% for TuMV. Biological inoculation tests for CaMV or TuMV or both on healthy cabbage seedlings gave similar symptoms as those observed in the field. Symptom severity was higher with co-infection of CaMV and TuMV followed by TuMV single infection. BLAST analysis showed that TuMV and CaMV isolates from Ethiopia have nucleotide identity of 95-98% and 93-98%, respectively to previously reported isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaMV isolates from Ethiopia are closely related to isolates from USA and Italy within Group II clade whereas TuMV isolates have close similarities with isolates from World B clade including isolates from Kenya, UK, Japan and the Netherlands. The identification of the causative agents of the mosaic disease observed on cabbage in Central Ethiopia may lay the foundation for future management studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Kebede
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Demsachew Guadie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Kidanemariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adane Abraham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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Fu Y, Li D, Cao Y, Zhou P, Li K, Zhao Z, Li P, Bai X, Bao H, Wang S, Zhao L, Wang X, Liu Z, Sun P, Lu Z. Development of a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for rapidly quantitative detection of residual non-structural proteins in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines. J Virol Methods 2023; 314:114676. [PMID: 36669654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Vaccination and surveillance against non-structure protein (NSP) are the most efficacious and cost-effective strategy to control this disease. Therefore, vaccine purity control is vital for successful prevention. Currently, vaccine purity is tested by an in-vivo test that recommended in the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), but it is time consuming and costly. Herein, we develop a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for quantitative detection of residual NSPs in inactivated FMD virus (FMDV) vaccines. In this assay, the monoclonal antibody 3A24 was selected as capture antibody and biotinylated 3B4B1 (Biotin-3B4B1) as detection antibody. A standard curve was developed using the NSP 3AB concentration versus OD value with the linear range of concentration of 2.5-160 ng/mL. The lowest limit of detection was 2.5 ng/mL. In addition, we determined 2.5 ng/mL of NSP as an acceptable threshold value of FMD vaccine purity using a dose-response experiment in cattle. The DAS-ELISA combined with the threshold value of FMD vaccine purity could provide a quick and simple tool for evaluation the antigenic purity of FMD vaccine during the manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yimei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhixun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xingwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Huifang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Songtai Wang
- Lanzhou Animal Health Supervision, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd, Hohhot 010000 PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Jingning Country Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Jingning 743400 PR China
| | - Zaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Pu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Chaudhary P, Kaur A, Singh B, Kumar S, Hallan V, Nagpal AK. First report of tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and detection of other viruses in field-grown tomatoes in North-Western region of India. Virusdisease 2023; 34:56-75. [PMID: 37009255 PMCID: PMC10050630 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato crop is known to be infected by large number of viruses across the globe causing severe losses in its yield. Accurate information on the distribution and incidence of different viruses is essential to implement virus control strategies. This study provides information on prevalence and distribution of different viruses infecting tomato crop in North-western region of India. Leaf samples of 76 symptomatic tomato and 30 symptomatic and asymptomatic plants of Chenopodium sp. (weed) were collected from eight villages. DAS-ELISA and/or RT-PCR/PCR were used to detect occurrence of nineteen viruses and one viroid in tomatoes. Nine viruses viz. cucumber mosaic virus, groundnut bud necrosis virus, potato virus M, potato virus S, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tomato chlorosis virus, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus and tomato mosaic virus were detected in 58 of 76 tomato samples. Detection of viruses was confirmed by cloning of specific amplicons followed by sequencing and submission of sequences to the GenBank database. None of the targeted pathogens were found in collected weed samples. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) was the most prevalent virus (64.47%) followed by potato virus Y (PVY) (23.68%). Double, triple, quadruple and quintuple infections were also noticed. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences was also carried out. Nine viruses infecting tomato crop from North-western region of India were detected. ToLCNDV was most prevalent with highest incidence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ToCV on tomato from India. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-022-00801-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Chaudhary
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Amritpreet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | - Surender Kumar
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Patel P, Kumari N, Sharma PN. RT-PCR based detection of Pepper mild mottle virus from capsicum seeds and seed transmission assay. Virusdisease 2023; 34:50-55. [PMID: 37009258 PMCID: PMC10050496 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a Tobamovirus from Virgaviridae family, is highly contagious and transmitted by seeds as well as soil in nature. PMMoV has become a greater threat to capsicum cultivation worldwide. To develop an indigenous, rapid, and sensitive protocol for routine detection of PMMoV from seeds, the sensitivity of DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR was compared in the present study. The infected seeds of California Wonder were included in the study. Through DAS-ELISA the virus was successfully detected from 20 mg of seeds. However, using RT-PCR, we were able to detect the virus even from one infected seed with reproducibility. In the present study, vertical seed transmission of the test virus was investigated by employing a grow-out test under greenhouse conditions as well as directly through RT-PCR omitting the grow-out test in three capsicum cultivars. Based on symptoms observations in grow out test, seed transmission was observed in the 3 capsicum cultivars viz., California Wonder (63.04%), Yolo Wonder (33.80%) and Doux des LAndes (33.30%). Through RT-PCR it was estimated to be 55.56% (California Wonder), 28.96% (Yolo Wonder), and 40.64% (Doux des Landes), respectively. Thus, indicating 100% seed-to-seedling PMMoV transmission and reliability of RT-PCR in direct PMMoV detection from seeds. Even a small percentage of infected seed has the potential to greatly increase the PMMoV inoculum in the field and result in 100% plant infection. Therefore, we suggest using the established procedure for PMMoV detection right from the seed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00807-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankaben Patel
- Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow, 226101 India
| | - P. N. Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062 India
- University Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, 140413 India
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Sagouti T, Rhallabi N, Polizzi G, Tahiri A, Belabess Z, Barka EA, Lahlali R. Comparison of Serological and Molecular Methods for Detection of Spiroplasma citri in Moroccan Citrus-Growing Areas. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:667. [PMID: 36771751 PMCID: PMC9918891 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spiroplasma citri, a helical motile, wall-less, and cultivable microorganism of the class Mollicutes, is the agent of the citrus stubborn disease. There is currently a lack of data about the presence of this pathogen in Moroccan citrus orchards. This study aims to validate serological and molecular methods for routine S. citri diagnosis in Moroccan citrus groves. To provide an update on the present status of the outbreak of the pathogen in Moroccan citrus orchards, a survey of S. citri was conducted in the main citrus-growing regions of Morocco. A total of 575 leaf samples were collected from citrus trees with symptoms attributable to S. citri infection. Samples were collected during 2020 and 2021 from 23 citrus orchards. The presence of S. citri was tested in all samples using the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Using this method, 57 samples were found to be infected with S. citri, 41 samples had doubtful results, and the remaining samples were negative. To corroborate the results of the DAS-ELISA test, 148 samples were chosen for additional molecular testing using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) based on specific primer pairs targeting three different genes (putative adhesion-like gene P58, putative adhesion gene P89, and spiralin gene). Using primers that target the putative adhesion-like gene P58, S. citri was detected by conventional and real-time PCR amplification from plant tissue with differing degrees of specificity. The results allowed us to determine the incidence of S. citri in all Moroccan citrus orchards, with a wide range of positive samples varying from 6.5% to 78%, and to show that molecular tests, particularly real-time PCR assays that target the putative adhesion-like gene P58, are the most sensitive for making an accurate diagnosis of S. citri. Indeed, the real-time PCR with P58-targeting primers yielded positive results from all positive and doubtful ELISA samples as well as some negative samples, with an OD value close to 1.5× times healthy samples, thus demonstrating a high sensibility of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tourya Sagouti
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie et Qualité/Ecotoxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Naima Rhallabi
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie et Qualité/Ecotoxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Giancarlo Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sez. Patologia Vegetale, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Abdessalem Tahiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco
| | - Zineb Belabess
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Meknes, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Km 13, Route Haj Kaddour, BP. 578, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco
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Kumar R, Kaundal P, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumari H, Kumar R, Naga KC, Kumar A, Singh B, Sagar V, Sharma S. Development of Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA): A Methodology for Quick Diagnosis of Potato Leafroll Viral Disease in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Potatoes are developed vegetatively from tubers, and therefore potato virus transmission is always a possibility. The potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is a highly devastating virus of the genus Polerovirus and family Luteoviridae and is regarded as the second-most destructive virus after Potato virus Y. Multiple species of aphids are responsible for the persistent and non-propagating transmission of PLRV. Due to intrinsic tuber damage (net necrosis), the yield and quality are drastically diminished. PLRV is mostly found in phloem cells and in extremely low amounts. Therefore, we have attempted to detect PLRV in both potato tuber and leaves using a highly sensitive, reliable and cheap method of one-step reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA). In this study, an isothermal amplification and detection approach was used for efficient results. Out of the three tested primer sets, one efficiently amplified a 153-bp product based on the coat protein gene. In the present study, there was no cross-reactivity with other potato viruses and the optimal amplification reaction time was thirty minutes. The products of RT-RPA were amplified at a temperature between 38 and 42 °C using a simple heating block/water bath. The present developed protocol of one-step RT-RPA was reported to be highly sensitive for both leaves and tuber tissues equally in comparison to the conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. By using template RNA extracted employing a cellular disc paper-based extraction procedure, the method was not only simplified but it detected the virus as effectively as purified total RNA. The simplified one-step RT-RPA test was proven to be successful by detecting PLRV in 129 samples of various potato cultivars (each consisting of leaves and tubers). According to our knowledge, this is the first report of a one-step RT-RPA performed using simple RNA extracted from cellular disc paper that is equally sensitive and specific for detecting PLRV in potatoes. In terms of versatility, durability and the freedom of a highly purified RNA template, the one-step RT-RPA assay exceeds the RT-PCR assay, making it an effective alternative for the certification of planting materials, breeding for virus resistance and disease monitoring.
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11
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Li N, Gao M, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Li R, Jia M, Li W, Yang H. A sensitive double antibodies sandwich ELISA for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of cervical cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1315-1322. [PMID: 36435469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly specific factor for tumors growth. However, the study on the mechanism of VEGF in cervical cancer, and the correlation between the expression level of VEGF and the therapeutic evaluation, prognosis of cervical cancer is not clear till now. METHODS In this study, RT-qPCR and IHC were used to evaluate the abnormal expression of VEGF in cervical cancer. The survival plots of the VEGF expression related to OS were observed by using the KM plotter. The mAbs against VEGF were screened and identified by ELISA addicted test, indirect ELISA, Western-blot, and dot-ELISA. We designed and prepared the overlapping truncations (V1, V2, V3) of VEGF to identify the B cell epitopes. Then, the epitopes recognized by anti-VEGF mAbs were mapped and displayed on a 3D structure of VEGF by using the PyMOL software. The highly specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA was established to detect the total VEGF quantification in 206 clinical sera samples, thus to evaluate the changes of VEGF before and after chemoradiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. RESULTS The VEGF was high expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cells, resulting a poor prognosis of cervical cancer. The mAbs 2E5 and 6D9 were selected with the titer of 1:256000 and 1:128000 respectively. The mAbs both had strong ability to combine with VEGF protein within 15 min and were identified as subclass IgG1 with κ-type light chains. 2E5 bound to V1 and V2, recognizing the N-terminal (1-121 aa) of VEGF, however 6D9 bound to V3, recognizing the C-terminal (116-174 aa) of VEGF. The 206 clinical samples were tested with the established VEGF-DAS-ELISA and calculated according to the equation (y = 0.0042088× + 0.105109, R2 = 0.998). The results indicated that the expression levels of VEGF in cervical cancer samples were positively higher than those in normal samples. Importantly, we found the expression level of sera VEGF in cervical cancer patients decreased significantly after chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, the variable of VEGF levels in cervical cancer patients before and after treatment can be used as a new indicator of efficacy evaluation to guide the clinical treatment of cervical cancer. CONCLUSION A sensitive DAS-ELISA was established successfully, using which we can track the VEGF to evaluate the efficacy and estimate prognosis of cervical cancer. It is helpful for the diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Mengna Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ruping Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Manman Jia
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Gangireddygari VSR, Cho IS, Choi S, Yoon JY. Inhibitory Effects of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus Infection by Supernatants of Five Bacterial Cultures in Capsicum annuum L. Plant Pathol J 2022; 38:646-655. [PMID: 36503193 PMCID: PMC9742801 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2022.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), one of the most prevalent viruses in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a non-enveloped, rod-shaped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus classified in the genus Tobamovirus. The supernatants of five bacterial cultures (Pseudomonas putida [PP], Bacillus licheniformis [BLI], P. fluorescens [PF], Serratia marcescens [SER], and B. amyloliquifaciens [BA]) were analyzed to find novel antiviral agents to PMMoV in chili pepper. Foliar spraying with supernatants (1:1, v/v) obtained from Luria-Bertani broth cultures of PP, BLI, PF, SER, and BA inhibited PMMoV infection of chili pepper if applied before the PMMoV inoculation. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatments of five supernatants resulted in 51-66% reductions in PMMoV accumulation in the treated chili pepper. To identify key compounds in supernatants of PP, BLI, PF, SER, and BA, the supernatants were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 24 different types of compounds were identified from the supernatants of PP, BLI, PF, SER, and BA. The compounds vary from supernatants of one bacterial culture to another which includes simple compounds-alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and an aromatic ring containing compounds. The compounds triggered the inhibitory effect on PMMoV propagation in chili pepper plants. In conclusion, the cultures could be used to further conduct tissue culture and field trial experiments as potential bio-control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari
- Virology Unit, Horticulture, and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- Virology Unit, Horticulture, and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Sena Choi
- Virology Unit, Horticulture, and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Graduate School on Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Joenbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
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13
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Kumar R, Kaundal P, Tiwari RK, Siddappa S, Kumari H, Lal MK, Naga KC, Sharma S, Sagar V, Kumar M. Establishment of a one-step reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the detection of potato virus S. J Virol Methods 2022; 307:114568. [PMID: 35718004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Potato virus S (PVS) is a noteworthy threat to the propagation of healthy seed potatoes. Accurate and speedy detection is critical for effective PVS management. In the present study, an isothermal-based one-step reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) approach was developed to detect PVS infection in potato leaves and tubers. A primer set based on the coat protein gene successfully amplified a 158 bp product out of three primer sets examined. The amplification reaction took less than 30 min to complete with no account of cross-reactivity with major potato viruses. Additionally, amplification of RT-RPA products was performed on the heating system and/or water bath at 38-42 °C. The results of sensitivity analysis revealed that one-step RT-RPA has shown 100 times higher sensitivity than routine RT-PCR for the detection of PVS in infected leaves. Furthermore, ten times higher sensitivity of RT-RPA was observed in infected tubers. The methodology was simplified further by the use of template RNA extracted using a cellular disc paper-based extraction method that detected the PVS more effectively than purified total RNA. PVS was detected in 175 samples (leaves and tubers each) of several potato varieties using this innovative technique. To our acquaintance, this is the first report of one-step RT-RPA using a basic RNA extract derived through cellular disc paper that is significantly sensitive and precise for PVS detection in potatoes. The advantages of one-step RT-RPA in terms of proficiency, robustness, and the availability of a highly pure RNA template make it an attractive choice for seed accreditation, resistance breeding, and field inspections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, H.P., India.
| | - Priyanka Kaundal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, H.P., India
| | | | | | - Hema Kumari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, H.P., India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, H.P., India
| | | | - Sanjeev Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, H.P., India
| | - Vinay Sagar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171 001, H.P., India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Modipuram 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Xi J, Yao L, Fan Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Duan Y. Establishment of DAS-ELISA for the detection of antigenic changes in glycinin after heat processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:1090-1095. [PMID: 35381285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) method was established to detect the antigenic changes of thermally processed products containing glycinin. The proposed DAS-ELISA method used heat-treated antigen-absorbing antiserum as the coating antibody, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled rabbit anti-glycinin polyclonal antibody as the detection antibody. The specificity test results which were obtained using the proposed method indicated that good specificity had been achieved. The cut-off value was 0.388, and the LOD was determined to be 19.53 ng/mL. The coefficient of variation was less than 5.25% (intra-day) and 9.50% (inter-day). In this study's milk powder addition test, the recovery rate of the glycinin ranged between 83.65% and 90.13%. The established DAS-ELISA method was also used to detect soybean thermal processing products, such as soy sauce, steamed fish and soy sauce, soybean paste, beef sauce, soy milk powder, and tofu. The results showed that the OD450 values of the aforementioned products were lower than the OD450 values of the glycinin in defatted soybean flour. Therefore, it was indicated that the above products has undergone different degrees of thermal processing. In other words, the majority of the epitopes of glycinin in the products had been destroyed by the thermal processing and could not be combined with heat-treated antigen-absorbing antiserum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Lili Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuhan Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuying Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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S Aljuaid B, O Attia A, A Ismail I, S Dessoky E, Sadik AS, E Khalifa M. Production of Virus-Free Rose Plants using Meristem-Tip Culture and in vitro Thermotherapy. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:160-167. [PMID: 35234005 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.160.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Tissue culture and thermotherapy were proved to be suitable in eliminating viruses of many plants. This study was designed in an attempt to produce virus-free Al-Taif rose plants (<i>Rosa damascena</i> Trigintipetala Dieck) through the practical application of the tissue culture approach and thermotherapy. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ( DAS-ELISA) and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to detect the presence of <i>Apple mosaic virus</i> (ApMV) and <i>Strawberry latent ringspot virus</i> (SLRV) in rose plant materials collected from Taif, KSA. RT-PCR was more sensitive than DAS-ELISA in detecting the 2 viruses. <b>Results:</b> Three different meristem-tip sterilization methods were compared and results revealed that treatment 3 (T<sub>3</sub>: 70% Ethanol for 1.0 min and 15% Clorox (Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%) for 10 min) was the most suitable as 97.78% of cleaned meristem tips survived. Meristem tips with different lengths were thermotherapy-treated for different durations. It was indicated that meristem tips of 0.5 or 1.0 cm and heat-treated at 37<sup>o</sup>C for four weeks gave the highest percentage of meristems that were able to differentiate into micro-shoots. <b>Conclusion:</b> RT-PCR detection of ApMV and SLRV revealed that using thermotherapy-treatment, for 4 weeks, of 0.5 cm long meristem tips was successfully applied to eliminate the 2 viruses in 92 and 96% of regenerated plantlets, respectively.
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Chinnaiah S, Varagur Ganesan M, Sevugapperumal N, Mariappan S, Uthandi S, Perumal R. A sequel study on the occurrence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in cut-chrysanthemum by DAS-ELISA using recombinant nucleocapsid protein to produce polyclonal antiserum. J Virol Methods 2021; 300:114410. [PMID: 34896121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus, family Tospoviridae, causes severe necrotic disease in field crops and horticultural crops, resulting in considerable yield loss worldwide. The development of protein-based diagnostics is essential to track the virus transmission and prevent its spread in vegetatively propagated crops such as ornamentals. In this study, nucleocapsid (N) gene of TSWV was cloned in pET 28 a (+) expression vector. Expression of the 32 kDa recombinant TSWV-N protein was induced in BL21 (DE3) cells using 1 mM of Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), and was confirmed through SDS-PAGE and Western blot by fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody. The bacterial cells expressed recombinant TSWV-N protein up to a concentration of 9.48 μg/mL. The purified protein was used for immunization of a rabbit to produce specific polyclonal antiserum. The TSWV antiserum was conjugated with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Double Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) was developed and validated against TSWV infected hosts. This antiserum specifically reacted with recombinant N protein as well as TSWV infected hosts, but not with groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus (GBNV) as well as capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus (CaCV) infecting tomato and chilli plants. The coating antibody at 1 μg/mL concentration and 1:500 dilution of enzyme conjugate were found to be effective and economical in the detection of recombinant N protein of TSWV and the virus present naturally in the infected hosts. Using standardized DAS-ELISA protocol, the TSWV titer also was quantified in artificially inoculated assay hosts. Among 11 hosts tested, higher virus titer was recorded in Nicotiana tabacum (0.270 μg/100 μL), followed by Impatiens balsamiana (0.185 μg/100 μL) and Dahlia pinnata at a low virus tire of 0.083 μg/100 μL. The diagnostic reagents and protocol (DAS-ELISA) are further validated by detecting the infection of TSWV in chrysanthemum stem cuttings from six different nurseries in the hill stations of Tamil Nadu, India. The DAS-ELISA assay experimented on six varieties from four different nurseries revealed that the Mum Yellow variety had a higher percentage of TSWV infection (36 %), which was followed by the Mum White variety (33 %); both collected from Kotagiri Nursery. The same variety exhibited a higher virus titer by DAS-ELISA, an A405 value range of 0.733 (̴ 0.115 μg) and 0.711 (̴ 0.111 μg) respectively, and a total of 27 % of TSWV infection was confirmed by screening 800 stem cuttings by DAS-ELISA. The presence of TSWV was also detected in 54 (6.75 %) asymptomatic stem cuttings from different locations, and the A405 value ranged from 0.325 to 0.468. (̴ 0.044-0.069 μg/100 μL); this is the first reported development of immune-based diagnostics for TSWV in India. This protocol and diagnostics will be highly useful for quarantine purposes while trading large quantities of planting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilraja Chinnaiah
- Department of Plant Protection, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam, 625 604, India.
| | - Malathi Varagur Ganesan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | | | - Suganthy Mariappan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | - Renukadevi Perumal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
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Gangireddygari VSR, Chung BN, Cho IS, Yoon JY. Inhibitory Effect of Chitosan and Phosphate Cross-linked Chitosan against Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus. Plant Pathol J 2021; 37:632-640. [PMID: 34897254 PMCID: PMC8666249 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.10.2021.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) causes severe economic loss in crop productivity of both agriculture and horticulture crops in Korea. The previous surveys showed that naturally available biopolymer material - chitosan (CS), which is from shrimp cells, reduced CMV accumulation on pepper. To improve the antiviral activity of CS, it was synthesized to form phosphate cross-linked chitosan (PCS) and compared with the original CS. Initially, the activity of CS and PCS (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% concentration) compound against PMMoV infection and replication was tested using a half-leaf assay on Nicotiana glutinosa leaves. The total number of local lesions represented on a leaf of N. glutinosa were counted and analyzed with phosphate buffer treated leaves as a negative control. The leaves treated with a 0.1% concentration of CS or PCS compounds exhibited an inhibition effect by 40-75% compared with the control leaves. The same treatment significantly reduced about 40% CMV accumulation measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and increased the relative expression levels of the NPR1, PR-1, cysteine protease inhibitor gene, LOX, PAL, SRC2, CRF3 and ERF4 genes analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in chili pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari
- Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Bong Nam Chung
- Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Virology Unit, Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
- Graduate School on Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
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18
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Minutolo M, Cinque M, Chiumenti M, Di Serio F, Alioto D, Navarro B. Identification and Characterization of Citrus Concave Gum-Associated Virus Infecting Citrus and Apple Trees by Serological, Molecular and High-Throughput Sequencing Approaches. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112390. [PMID: 34834753 PMCID: PMC8625769 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Citrus concave gum-associated virus (CCGaV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus, first reported a few years ago in citrus trees from Italy. It has been reported in apple trees in the USA and in Brazil, suggesting a wider host range and geographic distribution. Here, an anti-CCGaV polyclonal antiserum to specifically detect the virus has been developed and used in a standard double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) that has been validated as a sensitive and reliable method to detect this virus both in citrus and apple trees. In contrast, when the same antiserum was used in direct tissue-blot immunoassay, CCGaV was efficiently detected in citrus but not in apple. Using this antiserum, the first apple trees infected by CCGaV were identified in Italy and the presence of CCGaV in several apple cultivars in southern Italy was confirmed by field surveys. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allowed for the assembling of the complete genome of one CCGaV Italian apple isolate (CE-c3). Phylogenetic analysis of Italian CCGaV isolates from apple and citrus and those available in the database showed close relationships between the isolates from the same genus (Citrus or Malus), regardless their geographical origin. This finding was further confirmed by the identification of amino acid signatures specific of isolates infecting citrus or apple hosts. Analysis of HTS reads also revealed that the CE-c3 Italian apple tree, besides CCGaV, was simultaneously infected by several viruses and one viroid, including apple rubbery wood virus 2 which is reported for the first time in Italy. The complete or almost complete genomic sequences of the coinfecting agents were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Cinque
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michela Chiumenti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Daniela Alioto
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.S.)
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Bernabé-Orts JM, Torre C, Méndez-López E, Hernando Y, Aranda MA. New Resources for the Specific and Sensitive Detection of the Emerging Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091680. [PMID: 34578261 PMCID: PMC8473139 DOI: 10.3390/v13091680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses can evolve towards new pathogenic entities that may eventually cause outbreaks and become epidemics or even pandemics. Seven years ago, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) emerged, overcoming the genetic resistance that had been employed for more than sixty years against tobamoviruses in tomato. Since then, ToBRFV has spread worldwide, producing significant losses in tomato crops. While new resistances are deployed, the only means of control is the implementation of effective prevention and eradication strategies. For this purpose, in this work, we have designed, assessed, and compared an array of tests for the specific and sensitive detection of the ToBRFV in leaf samples. First, two monoclonal antibodies were generated against a singular peptide of the ToBRFV coat protein; antibodies were utilized to devise a double-antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) test that sensitively detects this virus and has no cross-reactivity with other related tobamoviruses. Second, a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) test targeting the RNA-dependent replicase open reading frame (ORF) was designed, and its performance and specificity validated in comparison with the CaTa28 and CSP1325 tests recommended by plant protection authorities in Europe. Third, in line with the tendency to use field-deployable diagnostic techniques, we developed and tested two sets of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers to double-check the detection of the movement protein ORF of ToBRFV, and one set that works as an internal control. Finally, we compared all of these methods by employing a collection of samples with different ToBRFV loads to evaluate the overall performance of each test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Miquel Bernabé-Orts
- Abiopep S.L. Parque Científico de Murcia. Ctra. Madrid Km 388, Complejo Espinardo. Edificio R 2ª Planta, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.B.-O.); (C.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Covadonga Torre
- Abiopep S.L. Parque Científico de Murcia. Ctra. Madrid Km 388, Complejo Espinardo. Edificio R 2ª Planta, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.B.-O.); (C.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Hernando
- Abiopep S.L. Parque Científico de Murcia. Ctra. Madrid Km 388, Complejo Espinardo. Edificio R 2ª Planta, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.M.B.-O.); (C.T.); (Y.H.)
| | - Miguel A. Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Bernabé-Orts JM, Torre C, Méndez-López E, Hernando Y, Aranda MA. New Resources for the Specific and Sensitive Detection of the Emerging Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091680. [PMID: 34578261 DOI: 10.1094/phytofr-08-21-0053-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses can evolve towards new pathogenic entities that may eventually cause outbreaks and become epidemics or even pandemics. Seven years ago, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) emerged, overcoming the genetic resistance that had been employed for more than sixty years against tobamoviruses in tomato. Since then, ToBRFV has spread worldwide, producing significant losses in tomato crops. While new resistances are deployed, the only means of control is the implementation of effective prevention and eradication strategies. For this purpose, in this work, we have designed, assessed, and compared an array of tests for the specific and sensitive detection of the ToBRFV in leaf samples. First, two monoclonal antibodies were generated against a singular peptide of the ToBRFV coat protein; antibodies were utilized to devise a double-antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) test that sensitively detects this virus and has no cross-reactivity with other related tobamoviruses. Second, a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) test targeting the RNA-dependent replicase open reading frame (ORF) was designed, and its performance and specificity validated in comparison with the CaTa28 and CSP1325 tests recommended by plant protection authorities in Europe. Third, in line with the tendency to use field-deployable diagnostic techniques, we developed and tested two sets of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers to double-check the detection of the movement protein ORF of ToBRFV, and one set that works as an internal control. Finally, we compared all of these methods by employing a collection of samples with different ToBRFV loads to evaluate the overall performance of each test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Miquel Bernabé-Orts
- Abiopep S.L. Parque Científico de Murcia. Ctra. Madrid Km 388, Complejo Espinardo. Edificio R 2ª Planta, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Covadonga Torre
- Abiopep S.L. Parque Científico de Murcia. Ctra. Madrid Km 388, Complejo Espinardo. Edificio R 2ª Planta, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Méndez-López
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Hernando
- Abiopep S.L. Parque Científico de Murcia. Ctra. Madrid Km 388, Complejo Espinardo. Edificio R 2ª Planta, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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21
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Zhuge Y, Ding C, Gong X, Hu D, Zhu J, Wang C. Development and evaluation of two different double-antibody sandwich ELISAs for detecting severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:49-55. [PMID: 34193660 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emerging tick-borne virus with a case fatality rate between 12% and 50%. Currently, effective vaccines or antiviral drugs are not available, and a diagnostic method for detecting SFTSV is urgently needed. The monoclonal (MAb) and polyclonal antibodies (PAb) against SFTSV were prepared by immunizing animals with SFTSV nucleocapsid protein (NP), and using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies as capture antibodies against NP, we developed two different double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISAs) for detecting the NP of SFTSV. Both methods were applicable for the diagnosis of SFTSV-infected patients, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of two assays for diagnosing SFTS were both 100%, and had no reaction to recombinant Dabieshan NP or recombinant Dengue virus NS1 subtype 1 and 2 proteins. In addition, two standard curves were established for quantitative detection of the NP, and the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA (MAb-based ELISA) test had a lower limit of detection than the polyclonal-based ELISA (PAb-based ELISA) test. Therefore, the MAb-based ELISA could be employed for detecting SFTSV in a convenient and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhuge
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Chenxi Ding
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Xiufang Gong
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, China
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22
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Dhir S, Mathioudakis MM, Hasiów-Jaroszewska B, Hallan V. Serological and molecular analysis indicates the presence of distinct viral genotypes of Apple stem pitting virus in India. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:278. [PMID: 34040927 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombination leads to the generation of new viral progeny which remain undetected by routine testing procedures and may be a threat to the infected host. Here, we have characterised the complete genome sequences of two isolates of Apple stem pitting virus from apple cv. Red Chief (Palampur) and cv. Gold Spur (N) with distinct serological reactivities. The viral genomes consisted of 9267 nucleotides for isolate Palampur and 9254 nucleotides for isolate N, excluding the poly (A) tail and contained 5five open reading frames (ORFs). Isolate N shared 80.8% sequence identity with ASPV apple isolate GA2 from China, while isolate Palampur shared 81.4% sequence identity with ASPV apple isolate PB66 from the United Kingdom. The serological difference of isolates N and Palampur along with their low sequence identity indicated the existence of two distinct virus genotypes which was corroborated by evolutionary and genetic differentiation analyses. Recombination events were detected in the RdRp and CP sequences of Palampur isolate thereby suggesting the role of recombination in the evolution of distinct virus genotypes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02798-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Dhir
- Plant Virus Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061 India
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Matthaios M Mathioudakis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, ELGO-DIMITRA, Karamanlis Ave. 167, 73134 Chania, Greece
| | - Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, ul. Wł. Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznan, Poland
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Plant Virus Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP 176061 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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Kumar R, Kaundal P, Tiwari RK, Siddappa S, Kumari H, Chandra Naga K, Sharma S, Kumar M. Rapid and sensitive detection of potato virus X by one-step reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification method in potato leaves and dormant tubers. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 58:101743. [PMID: 34051280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Potato virus X (PVX), is a serious threat to global potato production. A simple and rapid detection method is imperative for PVX diagnosis and early management. In this study, an isothermal one-step reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) method was optimized for the quick and convenient detection of PVX in potato leaves and tubers. Our results revealed that this one-step RT-RPA method was highly efficient than the conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amplification reaction was free from cross-reactivity with other common potato viruses and completed within 30 min. Moreover, this RT-RPA assay did not require a thermocycler based specific temperature phase amplification and can be easily performed using a simple heating block or water bath at a temperature range of 39-42 °C. The sensitivity assay demonstrated that the developed one-step RT-RPA method was 100 times more sensitive than a routine one-step RT-PCR. Initially, the purified total RNA as the template isolated from infected leaves of potato was used for the detection of PVX. One-step RT-RPA was later performed using cellular disc paper-based simple RNA extract as a template that could detect the virus more efficiently than purified total RNA. The performance of the one-step RT-RPA assay was further evaluated using 500 field samples of leaves and tubers representing different cultivars and geographical regions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection of PVX infection by one-step RT-RPA using cellular disc paper-based simple RNA extract from leaves and dormant tubers of potato. It is superior to the common RT-PCR assay in terms of its versatility, quickness, and independence of highly purified RNA template and can be adopted as a substitute to RT-PCR as an effective technique for seed potato certification, quarantine, breeding, and field surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171 001, H. P, India.
| | - Priyanka Kaundal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171 001, H. P, India.
| | | | | | - Hema Kumari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171 001, H. P, India.
| | | | - Sanjeev Sharma
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171 001, H. P, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Modipuram, 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Al-Shudifat AM, Al-Shahwan IM, Al-Saleh MA, Abdalla OA, Amer MA. Identification of Tomato black ring virus from tomato plants grown in greenhouses in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2360-2365. [PMID: 33911950 PMCID: PMC8071906 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted in Al-Kharj governorate, Riyadh region to identify viruses causing variety of virus-like symptoms on tomato plants. A total of 135 samples were collected from symptomatic tomato plants. Symptoms included mottling, deformation, necrosis of leaves and fruits. Eighteen viruses were tested by DAS-ELISA. Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) was the virus of concern as it was not detected in Saudi Arabia before and was detected in 52.6% of the collected samples in this study. RT-PCR was used to confirm detection of TBRV and to sequence the amplified products to determine molecular characteristics of this virus. In the host range test study that was performed using a purified isolate of TBRV, sixteen out of the twenty two tested plants showed symptoms. Brassica oleracea was not infected by this virus. Gel electrophoreses (2% agarose) yielded fragments of 978 bp of coat protein gene of TBRV. Nucleotide sequences of purified RT-PCR products for three TBRV Saudi isolates were deposited in the GenBank with the following accession numbers MT274656, MT274657, and MT274658. These isolates of TBRV indicated a close Phylogenetic relationship of (99–100%) among themselves and with five isolates from Poland (95–98%) but a distant relationship of 85% with isolates from England and Lithuania deposited in the GenBank. This is the first report for detection and molecular characterization of TBRV infecting tomato plants in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Mohammed Al-Shudifat
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Al-Shahwan
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Al-Saleh
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer Ahmed Abdalla
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Amer
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Obeid R, Wehbe E, Rima M, Kabara M, Al Bersaoui R, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z, Gereige D. First Detection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tobacco Fields in Northern Lebanon. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:534-540. [PMID: 32988357 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200928164057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is the most known virus in the plant mosaic virus family and is able to infect a wide range of crops, in particular, tobacco, causing a production loss. OBJECTIVES Herein, and for the first time in Lebanon, we investigated the presence of TMV infection in crops by analyzing 88 samples of tobacco, tomato, cucumber and pepper collected from different regions in North Lebanon. METHODS Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), revealed a potential TMV infection of four tobacco samples out of 88 crop samples collected. However, no tomato, cucumber and pepper samples were infected. The TMV+ tobacco samples were then extensively analyzed by RT-PCR to detect viral RNA using different primers covering all the viral genome. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION PCR results confirmed those of DAS-ELISA showing TMV infection of four tobacco samples collected from three crop fields of North Lebanon. In only one of four TMV+ samples, we were able to amplify almost all the regions of viral genome, suggesting possible mutations in the virus genome or an infection with a new, not yet identified, TMV strain. CONCLUSION Our study is the first in Lebanon, revealing TMV infection in crop fields and highlighting the danger that may affect the future of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Obeid
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Ras Maska 1352, Lebanon
| | - Elias Wehbe
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Ras Maska 1352, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rima
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS U7104, Universite de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Mohammad Kabara
- Water and Environment Science Laboratory, Public Health Faculty 3, Lebanese University, 1300 Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Romeo Al Bersaoui
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Ras Maska 1352, Lebanon
| | - Jean Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, Faculte de Medecine Secteur Nord, 51, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, 13344-Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Ras Maska 1352, Lebanon
| | - Dalya Gereige
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Lebanese University, Michel Slayman Tripoli Campus, Ras Maska 1352, Lebanon
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Kato M, Tomimura K, Ishii K. Comparison of an Immunochromatographic Assay Kit with DAS-ELISA for Large-Scale Diagnosis and Molecular Discrimination of Satsuma Dwarf Virus Collected from Citrus Orchards. Plant Pathol J 2020; 36:509-514. [PMID: 33082736 PMCID: PMC7542029 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.06.2020.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) seriously damages citrus production by reducing the quality and yield of fruit. To avoid contamination with SDV, mother trees are checked to be SDV-free in advance of nursery tree distribution. In this study, we compared an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) kit with double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASELISA) for large-scale diagnosis of SDV in orchardgrown trees in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The two methods gave conflicting results for 11 of 1,705 samples, all of which were negative by DAS-ELISA but positive by ICA. The samples scored as positive by either DASELISA or ICA were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and all were confirmed to be positive. These results validate the use of ICA as a screening method for large-scale diagnosis. Strain discrimination revealed that 16 of 22 isolates belonged to SDV, while citrus mosaic virus (CiMV) infection only and co-infection (SDV and CiMV) were in a minority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kato
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Fruit Tree Research Center, Mobata, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0101, Japan
| | - Kenta Tomimura
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Okitsu, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishii
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Fruit Tree Research Center, Mobata, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0101, Japan
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Malaei F, Rasaee MJ, Paknejad M, Latifi AM, Rahbarizadeh F. Production and Characterization of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Against Truncated Recombinant Dickkopf-1 as a Candidate Biomarker. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:257-264. [PMID: 30592704 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported an increased serum level of Dickkopf (DKK-1) protein in a variety of cancers, including multiple myeloma, lung, colorectal, bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease. This protein has potential to be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of some cancers, especially bone loss in multiple myeloma. In the present study, to measure the concentration level of DKK-1 protein, rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against this protein. New Zealand white rabbits and BALB/c mice were immunized with the chimeric recombinant DKK-1 antigen. Immunized mouse spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 cells to generate anti-rDKK-1 antibody-producing hybridoma cells. Antibodies were purified by protein A affinity chromatography and assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results implied that the pAb and mAb were produced against the DKK-1 protein. The Kd value of 5 × 10-9 M was recorded for the mAb MR6F3 toward native DKK-1, and the Ig isotype was identified as IgG2b. No cross-reactivity was shown with DKK-2 by MR6F3. Collectively, our results revealed that the produced pAb and mAb could be used in the measurement of DKK-1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Malaei
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Paknejad
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Latifi
- 3 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
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Ming F, Cheng Y, Ren C, Suolang S, Zhou H. Development of a DAS-ELISA for detection of H9N2 avian influenza virus. J Virol Methods 2018; 263:38-43. [PMID: 30355516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus is threatening animals and public health systems. Effective diagnosis is imperative to control the disease. Thus, we developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) and implemented a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) to detect the H9 viral antigen. Hybridomas 4D10 and 5G2 were screened to secrete immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA, respectively. Antibody 4D10 was used as the capture antibodies and HRP labeled 5G2 as the detector antibody. The specificity of the optimized DAS-ELISA was evaluated by using AIV subtypes H1, H3, H5, H9 and H10. Specimens containing AIV H9 subtype yielded a specific and strong signal above the background, whereas specimens containing all other subtypes yielded background signals. The detection limit of the DAS-ELISA is 10-2.3 TCID50 (50% Tissue culture infective doses). Negative-positive threshold was 0.211 (OD630). In comparison with virus isolation the sensitivity and specificity of DAS-ELISA were found to be 98.9% and 98.1% respectively. Taken together, the newly developed Mab-based DAS-ELISA offers an attractive alternative to other diagnostic approaches for the specific detection of H9 subtype AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yanqing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chenwei Ren
- Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, PR China
| | - Sizhu Suolang
- Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Parmar N, Thakur AK, Kumar P, Thakur PD, Bhardwaj SV. Molecular characterization of Turnip mosaic potyvirus ( TuMV)-infecting radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) crop in India. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:382. [PMID: 29134159 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine isolates of Turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV)-infecting radish collected from different regions of Northern India were characterized. All isolates except for New Delhi and Rajasthan isolates resulted positive for TuMV in double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). RNA was isolated from leaves of infected plants and used in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with TuMV coat protein (CP) gene-specific primers. Viral amplicons of expected 1000 bp size were obtained, which were further subjected to cloning and sequencing. CP gene of all the seven isolates was 867 bp long, encoding 288 amino acid residues. Percent homology of CP gene of all the Indian isolates among themselves and with other TuMV isolates retrieved from NCBI was in the range of 87-99 and 92-100% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based upon CP gene nucleotide and amino acid sequences with other TuMV isolates reported from across the globe using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) inferred classification of test isolates into basal-BR group due to their occurrence nearest to the TuMV isolates belonging to the basal-BR group. Information generated about the characteristic features of TuMV and geographical distribution of particular virus genotype-infecting radish crop will provide a platform for formulating disease resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehanjali Parmar
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
| | - Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 321 303 India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
| | - P D Thakur
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
| | - Sat Vrat Bhardwaj
- Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP 173 230 India
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Tang X, Liang Q, Liu L, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. An optimized double-antibody sandwich ELISA for quantitative detection of WSSV in artificially infected crayfish. J Virol Methods 2017; 251:133-138. [PMID: 29089143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing a rapid, accurate and quantitative method for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is extremely urgent and critical for reducing the risk of white spot disease outbreaks. In the present work, an optimized double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was developed for quantitative detection of WSSV. The method employed rabbit polyclonal antibodies against WSSV as the capture antibody and previously produced anti-WSSV monoclonal antibodies as the detector antibody. A standard curve of the log concentration of WSSV versus OD value was established, which was linear in the concentration range of 120-7680ng/mL, and the linear regression equation was y=0.166x-0.151. Viral proteins in different tissues of crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) post artificial infection with WSSV were quantitatively measured using the DAS-ELISA. WSSV proliferated quickly within 60h post infection and gradually slowed down afterwards. According to the linear regression relationship, the viral proteins in hemolymph, gut and gonad were firstly able to be quantified at 24h post infection with the concentrations of 186, 158 and 128ng/mL, respectively. These three tissues also contained higher viral proteins than the gill, heart, hepatopancreas and muscle during the entire infection period. The viral protein concentration in gut reached the highest level of 6220ng/mL at 72h post infection. Real time quantitative PCR was also used to detect the dynamic change of viral copies in crayfish hemolymph post WSSV infection, with similar results for both assays. The developed DAS-ELISA could detect WSSV propagation from initial to moribund stage in infected crayfish and demonstrated potential application for diagnosis of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Qianrong Liang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Lushan Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Umar M, Amer MA, Al-Saleh MA, Al-Shahwan IM, Shakeel MT, Zakri AM, Katis NI. Characterization of lettuce big-vein associated virus and Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus infecting lettuce in Saudi Arabia. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2067-2072. [PMID: 28299485 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During 2014 and 2015, 97 lettuce plants that showed big-vein-disease-like symptoms and seven weed plants were collected from the Riyadh region. DAS-ELISA revealed that 25% and 9% of the lettuce plants were singly infected with LBVaV and MiLBVV, respectively, whereas 63% had a mixed infection with both viruses. The results were confirmed by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for LBVaV and MiLBVV. LBVaV and MiLBVV were also detected in Sonchus oleraceus and Eruca sativa, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of LBVaV and MiLBVV Saudi isolates ranged from 94.3-100%, and their similarities to isolates with sequences in the GenBank database ranged from 93.9 to 99.6% and 93.8 to 99.3%, respectively. Olpidium sp. was present in the roots of lettuce plants with big-vein disease and it was shown to facilitate transmission of both viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Umar
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Amer
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Viruses and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
| | - M A Al-Saleh
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I M Al-Shahwan
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M T Shakeel
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Zakri
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N I Katis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 269, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Dong S, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhang X, Xie Y, Zhong J, Xu C, Liu X. Simultaneous production of monoclonal antibodies against Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1 toxins using a mixture immunization. Anal Biochem 2017; 531:60-66. [PMID: 28527908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detections of Cry1 toxins are mainly dependent on immunoassays based on specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In the present study, a mixture immunization with seven Cry1 toxins was administered. The results showed that five mAbs with different characteristics, especially one mAb named 5-E8 which could recognize all the seven Cry1 toxins were obtained. Based on the 5-E8 mAb, a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) which can specifically detect the seven Cry1 toxins without cross-reactivity to Cry2A and vip3 was developed with the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 6.37-11.35 ng mL-1 and 17.36-24.48 ng mL-1, respectively. The recovery tests showed that the recoveries ranged from 78% to 110% within the quantitation range (LOQ-100 ng mL-1). The established DAS-ELISA can be a useful tool for monitoring the Cry1 toxins in agricultural products. Mixture immunization opens a new path for producing diverse mAbs simultaneously in a single immunization circle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Dong S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang C, Xie Y, Zhong J, Xu C, Liu X. Establishment of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab toxin utilizing a monoclonal antibody produced with a novel hapten designed with molecular model. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:1985-1994. [PMID: 28078413 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cry1Ab toxin is commonly expressed in genetically modified crops in order to control chewing pests. At present, the detection method with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on monoclonal antibody cannot specifically detect Cry1Ab toxin for Cry1Ab's amino acid sequence and spatial structure are highly similar to Cry1Ac toxin. In this study, based on molecular design, a novel hapten polypeptide was synthesized and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Then, through animal immunization with this antigen, a monoclonal antibody named 2C12, showing high affinity to Cry1Ab and having no cross reaction with Cry1Ac, was produced. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K D) value of Cry1Ab toxin with MAb 2C12 was 1.947 × 10-8 M. Based on this specific monoclonal antibody, a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was developed for the specific determination of Cry1Ab toxin and the LOD and LOQ values were determined as 0.47 ± 0.11 and 2.43 ± 0.19 ng mL-1, respectively. The average recoveries of Cry1Ab from spiked rice leaf and rice flour samples ranged from 75 to 115%, with coefficient of variation (CV) less than 8.6% within the quantitation range (2.5-100 ng mL-1), showing good accuracy for the quantitative detection of Cry1Ab toxin in agricultural samples. In conclusion, this study provides a new approach for the production of high specific antibody and the newly developed DAS-ELISA is a useful method for Cry1Ab monitoring in agriculture products. Graphical Abstract Establishment of a DAS-ELISA for the specific detecting of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ab toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Dong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China.,College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Yajing Xie
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Chongxin Xu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China. .,College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Almasi MA, Almasi G. Development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Arch Virol 2016; 162:495-500. [PMID: 27738843 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sugar beet can be infected by many different viruses that can reduce yield; beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is one of the most economically important viruses of this crop plant. This report describes a new reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for identification of BNYVV. In addition, a novel immunocapture (IC) RT-LAMP assay for rapid and easy detection (without RNA extraction) of BNYVV was developed here and compared with DAS-ELISA and RT-LAMP assays. Our results show that the IC-RT-LAMP assay is a highly reliable alternative assay for identification of BNYVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Almasi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Galavizh Almasi
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Sharma PN, Sharma V, Sharma A, Rajput K, Sharma SK. Identification and molecular characterization of Bean yellow mosaic virus infecting French bean in Himachal Pradesh. Virusdisease 2015; 26:315-8. [PMID: 26645043 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), is one of the most widely grown vegetable crop. Disease samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms on leaves and pods were collected from Himachal Pradesh and inoculated on common bean cv. Jawala through sap inoculation. The virus successfully transmitted by mechanical inoculation produced yellow mosaic, leaf distortion, curling, wrinkling of leaves followed by stunting of plants. The identity of the virus as Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was established through Double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene sequence amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The cp gene contained 819 nucleotides potentially coding for 273 amino acids. The sequence showed 83-99 % nucleotide and 89-99 % amino acid sequence identities with other BYMV isolates/strains and shared maximum identity with BYMV strain reported from Gladiolus sp. in Japan. This study constitutes the first report of BYMV occurrence on P. vulgaris in Himachal Pradesh.
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Kumar S, Singh L, Ferretti L, Barba M, Zaidi AA, Hallan V. Evidence of Grapevine leafroll associated virus-1-3, Grapevine fleck virus and Grapevine virus B Occurring in Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian J Virol 2013; 24:66-9. [PMID: 24426260 PMCID: PMC3650186 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During a survey conducted in the grapevine orchards of Himachal Pradesh, variety of symptoms ranging from leaf yellowing, vein greening, reduced leaf size, downward rolling/cup shaped leaves to reduced fruit bearing were observed. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected and analyzed by serological (DAS-ELISA) and molecular methods (RT-PCR, PCR) for viruses and phytoplasma known worldwide on grapevine. DAS-ELISA was used for detection of Grapevine leafroll associated virus 1, 2 and 3 (GLRaV-1, 2 & 3), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine fan leaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) and successfully detected GLRaV-1 & 3 and GFkV. All these samples were complemented with RT- PCR along with GVb and phytoplasma (additional to ELISA) using specific primers. Specific amplification in RT-PCR for GLRaV-1 (~232 bp), GLRaV-3 (~300 bp), GFkV (~179 bp) and GVB (~440 bp) confirmed the presence of these pathogens. Overall, ELISA and RT-PCR results confirmed the presence GLRaV-3 (66.7 %), GLRaV-1& GFkV (50 %), and Grapevine virus B (GVB) (12.5 %) in symptomatic plants. None of the samples were found positive for GFLV, GLRaV-2 and phytoplasma. Mixed infection was common and none of the plants were found virus free. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of detection of GFkV and GVB in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Kumar
- />Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Lakhmir Singh
- />Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Luca Ferretti
- />C.R.A.—Centro di Ricerca per la Patologia Vegetale, Via C. G. Bertero, 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Barba
- />C.R.A.—Centro di Ricerca per la Patologia Vegetale, Via C. G. Bertero, 22, 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Aijaz A. Zaidi
- />Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- />Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061 Himachal Pradesh India
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Li ZY, Huang QL, Su SM, Zhong GM, Wu YM. Development of ELISAs for the detection of urogenital chlamydia trachomatis infection targeting the pORF5 protein. Biomed Environ Sci 2013; 26:169-175. [PMID: 23425799 DOI: 10.3967/0895-3988.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prepare antibodies against pORF5 plasmid protein of Chlamydia trachomatis and develop double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISAs) for the detection of genital C. trachomatis infections. METHODS The pORF5 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and used to immunize BALB/c mice and New Zealand rabbits to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and polyclonal antibody (pAb) for DAS-ELISAs. Clinical samples from 186 urogenital infection patients (groups I) and 62 healthy donors (groups II) were detected in parallel by the DAS-ELISAs developed in this study and by IDEIA PCE commercial ELISA. RESULTS Two hybridoma cell lines, named 2H4 and 4E6, stably secreting specific mAbs against pORF5 were obtained. The mAb 2H4 was recognized by 32 (17.20%, positive recognition rate) and 25 (13.44%), mAb 2H4 by 0 (0%) and 2 (3.22%) samples from groups I and II, respectively. The sensitivities of mAbs 2H4 and 4E6 were 92.11% and 77.78% and the specificities were 100% and 96.88%, respectively in relation to the IDEIA PCE commercial ELISA. The sensitivities of detection for the DAS-ELISAs were 10 ng/mL (based on 2H4) and 18 ng/mL (based on 4E6). CONCLUSION Two DAS-ELISAs were developed in this study that provided a feasible and effective assay that could be considered alternative tools for the serodiagnosis of C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yu Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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Kumar S, Singh RM, Ram R, Badyal J, Hallan V, Zaidi AA, Varma A. Determination of major viral and sub viral pathogens incidence in apple orchards in himachal pradesh. Indian J Virol 2012; 23:75-9. [PMID: 23730008 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-011-0056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Apple is the major commercial horticulture crop in Himachal Pradesh and other hill states of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and some parts of Northeastern states of India. In order to gather data on health status and incidence of virus and virus-like pathogens in apple orchards, survey was conducted in the month of June and September, 2010 in Hatkoti, Rohru, Kuthara, Jubbal and Khadapathar areas of major apple producing Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 250 samples were collected and analyzed by DAS-ELISA, NASH and RT-PCR. NASH results indicated that a total of 117 samples were infected with Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd). Results showed that ASSVd is predominant in these areas with highest infection rate of 27.6% followed by ASPV (17.2%), ACLSV (16.8%), ApMV (15.2%) and ASGV (12%). Mixed infection of these viruses and viroid was frequently detected in apple trees in Himachal Pradesh. The trees, which were positive for viruses and viroids, showed a variety of fruit deformation and rusting symptoms besides leaf deformation, mosaic and chlorosis.
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Kishore K, Rahman H, Kalita H, Pandey B, Monika N. Prevalence of Citrus tristeza virus in Mandarin of Sikkim Himalayan Region. Indian J Virol 2010; 21:140-3. [PMID: 23637493 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-010-0019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of Citrus tristeza virus incidence in mandarin of Sikkim, involving sampling techniques, was estimated by DAS-ELISA. Mandarin orchards had high CTV incidence (46.32%), however, differential prevalence with regard to age of plant and location was observed. The CTV prevalence was relatively high in older orchards (51.01%) than that of younger ones (40.80%). Under all the plant age groups, south district had the highest CTV incidence (52.50%) and east district had the lowest (37.71%). The spatial distribution of CTV in plants indicates high concentration in twig followed by leaf tissue, however, stem had relatively less concentration. High aphid infestation was observed in all mandarin growing groves with the maximum in south district and minimum in east district. Taxoptera citricida was the predominating aphid species followed by T. aurantii, however, Aphis spp population was significantly less. Aphid infestation and CTV prevalence were positively and significantly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Kishore
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, 737102 Sikkim India
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