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Sutherland DL, Burke J. Modifying filamentous algae nutrient scrubbers for improved wastewater treatment and harvestability - comparison with microalgae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119339. [PMID: 37883837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Algae have been well studied for their abilities to treat wastewater, and several types of treatment systems have been demonstrated at a range of scales. High Rate Algae Ponds (HRAP) are a microalgae-based system and Filamentous Algae Nutrient Scrubbers (FANS) a filamentous algae-based system. For FANS, nutrient removal rates are typically lower and more variable than HRAPs, while HRAPs have lower productivity and poor harvestability. This study investigated if modifying a FANS to mimic HRAPs (using high rate algae mesocosms HRAM), with respect to hydraulic retention time (HRT) and smaller footprint, overcomes FANS limitations, while increasing wastewater treatment and resource recovery compared to HRAPs. Biomass productivity on the FANS (10.5 ± 2.9 g m-2 d-1) and FANS with CO2 addition (19.0 ± 4.8 g m-2 d-1) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to the HRAMs (6.7 ± 1.4 g m-2 d-1) and HRAMs with CO2 addition (8.1 ± 1.2 g m-2 d-1). Under phosphorus replete conditions, biomass production was significantly higher on FANS (44.8 ± 14.4 g m-2 d-1) than HRAMs (5.0 ± 0.6 g m-2 d-1). Effluent quality (nutrient removal) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for FANS compared to HRAMS, regardless of treatment. For harvesting, FANS (2.9-41%) yielded significantly higher (p < 0.01) percentage solids with, and, without dewatering/gravity harvesting compared to the HRAM (0.04-0.11%). Modifying the operation of the FANS to mimic longer HRT of HRAMs resulted in higher areal biomass productivity and nutrient removal in the FANS than the HRAM, regardless of treatment. The use of filamentous algae on FANS greatly improved the percentage solids yield in the harvested biomass without the need for energy intensive harvesting techniques. Further investigations need to be undertaken to determine if benefits will be realised at fullscale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Burke
- Global Algae Innovations, 4473 Pahee Street, 96766, Lihue, Hawaii, USA
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2
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Wood PL, Wood MD, Kunigelis SC. Pilot Lipidomics Study of Copepods: Investigation of Potential Lipid-Based Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Quantification of the Biological Effects of Climate Change on the Oceanic Food Chain. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2335. [PMID: 38137936 PMCID: PMC10744631 DOI: 10.3390/life13122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the health of our oceans is critical for the survival of the oceanic food chain upon which humanity is dependent. Zooplanktonic copepods are among the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth. As the base of the primary consumer food web, they constitute a major biomass in oceans, being an important food source for fish and functioning in the carbon cycle. The potential impact of climate change on copepod populations is an area of intense study. Omics technologies offer the potential to detect early metabolic alterations induced by the stresses of climate change. One such omics approach is lipidomics, which can accurately quantify changes in lipid pools serving structural, signal transduction, and energy roles. We utilized high-resolution mass spectrometry (≤2 ppm mass error) to characterize the lipidome of three different species of copepods in an effort to identify lipid-based biomarkers of copepod health and viability which are more sensitive than observational tools. With the establishment of such a lipid database, we will have an analytical platform useful for prospectively monitoring the lipidome of copepods in a planned long-term five-year ecological study of climate change on this oceanic sentinel species. The copepods examined in this pilot study included a North Atlantic species (Calanus finmarchicus) and two species from the Gulf of Mexico, one a filter feeder (Acartia tonsa) and one a hunter (Labidocerca aestiva). Our findings clearly indicate that the lipidomes of copepod species can vary greatly, supporting the need to obtain a broad snapshot of each unique lipidome in a long-term multigeneration prospective study of climate change. This is critical, since there may well be species-specific responses to the stressors of climate change and co-stressors such as pollution. While lipid nomenclature and biochemistry are extremely complex, it is not essential for all readers interested in climate change to understand all of the various lipid classes presented in this study. The clear message from this research is that we can monitor key copepod lipid families with high accuracy, and therefore potentially monitor lipid families that respond to environmental perturbations evoked by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| | - Michael D. Wood
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital & Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada;
| | - Stan C. Kunigelis
- Imaging and Analysis Center, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
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3
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Krishnan A, Cano M, Karns DA, Burch TA, Likhogrud M, Aqui M, Bailey S, Verruto J, Lambert W, Kuzminov F, Naghipor M, Wang Y, Ebmeier CC, Weissman JC, Posewitz MC. Simultaneous CAS9 editing of cp SRP43, LHCA6, and LHCA7 in Picochlorum celeri lowers chlorophyll levels and improves biomass productivity. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e530. [PMID: 37711644 PMCID: PMC10497401 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
High cellular pigment levels in dense microalgal cultures contribute to excess light absorption. To improve photosynthetic yields in the marine microalga Picochlorum celeri, CAS9 gene editing was used to target the molecular chaperone cpSRP43. Depigmented strains (>50% lower chlorophyll) were generated, with proteomics showing attenuated levels of most light harvesting complex (LHC) proteins. Gene editing generated two types of cpSRP43 transformants with distinct lower pigment phenotypes: (i) a transformant (Δsrp43) with both cpSRP43 diploid alleles modified to encode non-functional polypeptides and (ii) a transformant (STR30309) with a 3 nt in-frame insertion in one allele at the CAS9 cut site (non-functional second allele), leading to expression of a modified cpSRP43. STR30309 has more chlorophyll than Δsrp43 but substantially less than wild type. To further decrease light absorption by photosystem I in STR30309, CAS9 editing was used to stack in disruptions of both LHCA6 and LHCA7 to generate STR30843, which has higher (5-24%) productivities relative to wild type in solar-simulating bioreactors. Maximal productivities required frequent partial harvests throughout the day. For STR30843, exemplary diel bioreactor yields of ~50 g m-2 day-1 were attained. Our results demonstrate diel productivity gains in P. celeri by lowering pigment levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Krishnan
- Department of ChemistryColorado School of MinesGoldenColoradoUSA
| | - Melissa Cano
- Department of ChemistryColorado School of MinesGoldenColoradoUSA
| | - Devin A. Karns
- Department of ChemistryColorado School of MinesGoldenColoradoUSA
| | - Tyson A. Burch
- Department of ChemistryColorado School of MinesGoldenColoradoUSA
| | - Maria Likhogrud
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering CompanyAnnandaleNew JerseyUSA
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4
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Mohammed K, Ahammad SZ, Sallis PJ, Mota CR. Hybrid microalgae-activated sludge system for carbon-efficient wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:586-594. [PMID: 37578876 PMCID: wst_2023_246 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered microalgae-bacteria systems can play a key role in the realisation of energy-efficient carbon-neutral wastewater treatment technologies. An attempt was made to develop a hybrid microalgae-activated sludge (HMAS) system coupling carbon capture with domestic wastewater treatment. Photobioreactors internally illuminated with red light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and inoculated with mixed microbial culture, resulted in substantial savings in operational cost. System performance was evaluated at about 600 μmol/m2 s LED irradiance while treating synthetic municipal wastewater in a chemostat for about 2 months, containing about 250 mg/L soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 90 mg/L NH3-N and 10 mg/L orthophosphate. Carbon dioxide was supplied into the HMAS at 25 mL/min, 25% v/v. SCOD was efficiently removed from the wastewater (up to 70%) and bacterial oxygen requirement of >2 mg/L was met through microalgal photosynthesis. The system demonstrated its potential in achieving carbon-efficient wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Mohammed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Nigeria E-mail:
| | - S Z Ahammad
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - P J Sallis
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - C R Mota
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
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5
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De Bhowmick G, Guieysse B, Everett DW, Reis MG, Thum C. Novel source of microalgal lipids for infant formula. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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6
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Kholssi R, Lougraimzi H, Moreno-Garrido I. Effects of global environmental change on microalgal photosynthesis, growth and their distribution. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 184:105877. [PMID: 36640723 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change (GCC) constitutes a complex challenge posing a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystems in the next decades. There are several recent studies dealing with the potential effect of increased temperature, decrease of pH or shifts in salinity, as well as cascading events of GCC and their impact on human-environment systems. Microalgae as primary producers are a sensitive compartment of the marine ecosystems to all those changes. However, the potential consequences of these changes for marine microalgae have received relatively little attention and they are still not well understood. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore and understand the effects generated by multiple climatic changes on marine microalgae growth and biodiversity. Therefore, this review aimed to compare and contrast mechanisms that marine microalgae exhibit to directly respond to harsh conditions associated with GCC and the potential consequences of those changes in marine microalgal populations. Literature shows that microalgae responses to environmental stressors such as temperature were affected differently. A stress caused by salinity might slow down cell division, reduces size, ceases motility, and triggers palmelloid formation in microalgae community, but some of these changes are strongly species-specific. UV irradiance can potentially lead to an oxidative stress in microalgae, promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induce direct physical damage on microalgae, then inhibiting the growth of microalgae. Moreover, pH could impact many groups of microalgae being more tolerant of certain pH shifts, while others were sensitive to changes of just small units (such as coccolithophorids) and subsequently affect the species at a higher trophic level, but also total vertical carbon transport in oceans. Overall, this review highlights the importance of examining effects of multiple stressors, considering multiple responses to understand the complexity behind stressor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Kholssi
- Composting Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain; Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Hanane Lougraimzi
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP: 242, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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7
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Lima S, Lokesh J, Schulze PSC, Wijffels RH, Kiron V, Scargiali F, Petters S, Bernstein HC, Morales-Sánchez D. Flashing lights affect the photophysiology and expression of carotenoid and lipid synthesis genes in Nannochloropsis gaditana. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:171-181. [PMID: 36417987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis gaditana is a promising microalga for biotechnology. One of the strategies to stimulate its full potential in metabolite production is exposure to flashing lights. Here, we report how N. gaditana adapts to different flashing light regimes (5, 50, and 500 Hz) by changing its cellular physiology and the relative expression of genes related to critical cellular functions. We analyzed the differential mRNA abundance of genes related to photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation and biosynthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoids, lipids, fatty acids and starch. Analysis of photosynthetic efficiency and high mRNA abundance of photoprotection genes supported the inference that excess excitation energy provided by light absorbance during photosynthesis was produced under low frequency flashing lights and was dissipated by photopigments via the xanthophyll-cycle. Increased relative expression levels of genes related to the synthesis of carotenoids and chlorophyll confirmed the accumulation of photopigments previously observed at low frequency flashing lights. Higher differential mRNA abundance of genes related to the triacylglycerol biosynthesis were observed at lower frequency flashing lights, possibly triggered by a poor nitrogen assimilation caused by low mRNA abundance of a nitrate reductase gene. This study advances a new understanding of algal physiology and metabolism leading to improved cellular performance and metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lima
- Engineering Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jep Lokesh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; INRAE E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; GreenColab - Associação Oceano Verde, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rene H Wijffels
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Bioprocess Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Sebastian Petters
- The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans C Bernstein
- The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Daniela Morales-Sánchez
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; The Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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8
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Oruganti RK, Katam K, Show PL, Gadhamshetty V, Upadhyayula VKK, Bhattacharyya D. A comprehensive review on the use of algal-bacterial systems for wastewater treatment with emphasis on nutrient and micropollutant removal. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10412-10453. [PMID: 35441582 PMCID: PMC9161886 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of water resources and environmental pollution have highlighted the need for sustainable wastewater treatment. Existing conventional treatment systems are energy-intensive and not always able to meet stringent disposal standards. Recently, algal-bacterial systems have emerged as environmentally friendly sustainable processes for wastewater treatment and resource recovery. The algal-bacterial systems work on the principle of the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. This paper comprehensively discusses the most recent studies on algal-bacterial systems for wastewater treatment, factors affecting the treatment, and aspects of resource recovery from the biomass. The algal-bacterial interaction includes cell-to-cell communication, substrate exchange, and horizontal gene transfer. The quorum sensing (QS) molecules and their effects on algal-bacterial interactions are briefly discussed. The effect of the factors such as pH, temperature, C/N/P ratio, light intensity, and external aeration on the algal-bacterial systems have been discussed. An overview of the modeling aspects of algal-bacterial systems has been provided. The algal-bacterial systems have the potential for removing micropollutants because of the diverse possible interactions between algae-bacteria. The removal mechanisms of micropollutants - sorption, biodegradation, and photodegradation, have been reviewed. The harvesting methods and resource recovery aspects have been presented. The major challenges associated with algal-bacterial systems for real scale implementation and future perspectives have been discussed. Integrating wastewater treatment with the algal biorefinery concept reduces the overall waste component in a wastewater treatment system by converting the biomass into a useful product, resulting in a sustainable system that contributes to the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Oruganti
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, India
| | - Keerthi Katam
- Department of Civil Engineering, École Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia
| | - Venkataramana Gadhamshetty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid, South Dakota, USA
| | | | - Debraj Bhattacharyya
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, India
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9
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Tham PE, Ng YJ, Vadivelu N, Lim HR, Khoo KS, Chew KW, Show PL. Sustainable smart photobioreactor for continuous cultivation of microalgae embedded with Internet of Things. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126558. [PMID: 34906702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research work aims to fabricate an optimized up-scaled photobioreactor and extraction tank which incorporates the Internet of Things (IoT) for remote monitoring of selected parameters without being present in the lab as the industry is gradually moving towards the direction of remote operation. Several design factors were considered where modelling using ANSYS was carried out before the finalised design is drawn using AutoCAD. To monitor critical parameters that include liquid level, temperature, and pH condition during the operation of the tanks, water-proof sensors are implemented with the aid of Arduino NodeMCU board and the sensors are linked with Blynk, a smartphone application that allows remote monitoring via Wi-Fi connection. The sensors' results obtained using the Blynk application show high accuracy as compared with manual data except for photobioreactor liquid level. This shows that IoT and remote monitoring can be integrated successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei En Tham
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Yan Jer Ng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Navintran Vadivelu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia.
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10
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Enwereuzoh UO, Harding KG, Low M. Fish farm effluent as a nutrient source for algae biomass cultivation. S AFR J SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2021/8694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges of microalgae biotechnology is the cost of growth media nutrients, with microalgae consuming enormous quantities of fertilisers, more than other oil crops. The traditional use of synthetic fertilisers in mass cultivation of microalgae is associated with rising prices of crude oil and competition from traditional agriculture. The fact that fish farm wastewater (FFW) nutrients are released in the form preferred by microalgae (NH3 for nitrogen and PO4-3 for phosphate), and the ability of microalgae to use nitrogen from different sources, can be exploited by using fish farm effluent rich in nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the cultivation of cheaper microalgae biomass for production of biodiesel. The cultivation of algae biomass in FFW will also serve as wastewater treatment. We reviewed the benefits and potential of fish effluent in algae cultivation for the production of biodiesel. Microalgae can utilise nutrients in FFW for different applications desirable for the production of biomass, including the accumulation of lipids, and produce a fuel with desirable properties. Also, treating wastewater and reducing demand for fresh water are advantageous. The high lipid content and comparable biodiesel properties of Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obliquus make both species viable for FFW cultivation for biodiesel production.
Significance:
The cost associated with microalgae growth media nutrients can be saved by using fish farm wastewater, which contains nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) suitable for microalgae cultivation.
Fish farm wastewater has lower nutrient concentrations when compared to standard growth media suitable for higher lipid accumulation.
Microalgae used as a biodiesel feedstock, cultivated in fish farm wastewater, has added benefits, including wastewater treatment.
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Magalhães IB, Ferreira J, de Siqueira Castro J, Assis LRD, Calijuri ML. Technologies for improving microalgae biomass production coupled to effluent treatment: A life cycle approach. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Since the 1950s, microalgae have been grown commercially in man-made cultivation units and used for biomass production as a source of food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lately biofuels, as well as a means for wastewater treatment and mitigation of atmospheric CO2 build-up. In this work, photosynthesis and growth affecting variables—light intensity, pH, CO2/O2 exchange, nutrient supply, culture turbulence, light/dark cell cycling, biomass density and culture depth (light path)—are reviewed as concerns in microalgae mass cultures. Various photosynthesis monitoring techniques were employed to study photosynthetic performance to optimize the growth of microalgae strains in outdoor cultivation units. The most operative and reliable techniques appeared to be fast-response ones based on chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen production monitoring, which provide analogous results.
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13
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Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that have generated increasing interest in recent years due to their potential applications. Their biological capacity to grow faster than higher plants and their ability to convert solar energy into biomass and other bioactive molecules, has led to the development of various culture systems in order to produce different high-value products with commercial interest. The industrialization of the microalgae cultivation process requires the introduction of standardized quality parameters. In order to obtain bioactive compounds with high added value at a commercial level, it is necessary to sustainably produce biomass at a large scale. Such a process would imply specific stress conditions, such as variation in temperature, light or pH. These environmental conditions would make it more difficult to maintain the viability of the culture and protect the yield and condition of the target molecules. The physiological and biochemical impact of these stress factors on the microalgae biomass can be potentially measured by the presence and activity of various biochemical indicators called biomarkers. This review presents an overview of the main techniques that exist for assessing the "quality" of microalgae cultures through quantification of cell viability and vitality by monitoring specific markers indicative of the status of the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bermejo Elisabeth
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
| | - Filali Rayen
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
| | - Taidi Behnam
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), Pomacle, France
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14
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Tanaka K, Kishi M, Assaye H, Toda T. Low temperatures in dark period affect biomass productivity of a cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Okada K, Fujiwara S, Tsuzuki M. Energy conservation in photosynthetic microorganisms. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:59-65. [PMID: 32336724 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a biological process of energy conversion from solar radiation to useful organic compounds for the photosynthetic organisms themselves. It, thereby, also plays a role of food production for almost all animals on the Earth. The utilization of photosynthesis as an artificial carbon cycle is also attracting a lot of attention regarding its benefits for human life. Hydrogen and biofuels, obtained from photosynthetic microorganisms, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, will be promising products as energy and material resources. Considering that the efficiency of bioenergy production is insufficient to replace fossil fuels at present, techniques for the industrial utilization of photosynthesis processes need to be developed intensively. Increase in the efficiency of photosynthesis, the yields of target substances, and the growth rates of algae and cyanobacteria must be subjects for efficient industrialization. Here, we overview the whole aspect of the energy production from photosynthesis to biomass production of various photosynthetic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Okada
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Mikio Tsuzuki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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16
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17
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Sutherland DL, Park J, Heubeck S, Ralph PJ, Craggs RJ. Size matters – Microalgae production and nutrient removal in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds of three different sizes. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Maskow T, Rothe A, Jakob T, Paufler S, Wilhelm C. Photocalorespirometry (Photo-CR): A Novel Method for Access to Photosynthetic Energy Conversion Efficiency. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9298. [PMID: 31243291 PMCID: PMC6594965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One key parameter for assessing the CO2 fixation in aquatic ecosystems but also for the productivity of photobioreactors is the energy conversion efficiency (PE) by the photosynthetic apparatus. PE strictly depends on a range of different fluctuating environmental conditions and is therefore highly variable. PE is the result of complex metabolic control. At the moment PE can only be determined indirectly. Furthermore, the currently available techniques either capture only short time processes, thus reflecting only parts of the photosynthetic engine, or quantify the total process but only with limited time resolution. To close this gap, we suggest for the first time the direct measurement of the fixed energy combined with respirometry, called photocalorespirometry (Photo-CR). The proof of the principle of Photo-CR was established with the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The simultaneous measurement of oxygen production and energy fixation provides an calorespirometric ratio of -(437.9 ± 0.7) kJ mol-1 under low light conditions. The elevated calorespirometric ratio under high light conditions provides an indication of photo-protective mechanisms. The Photo-CR delivers the PE in real time, depending on the light intensity. Energetic differences less than 0.14% at radiation densities of up to 800 μE m-2 s-1 can be quantified. Other photosynthetic growth parameters (e.g. the specific growth rate of 0.071 h-1, the cell specific energy conservation of 30.9 ± 1.3 pW cell-1 at 150 µE m-2 s-1 and the number of photons (86.8) required to fix one molecule of CO2) can easily be derived from the Photo-CR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maskow
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anne Rothe
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Jakob
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Biology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Paufler
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Biology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Hossain N, Mahlia TMI. Progress in physicochemical parameters of microalgae cultivation for biofuel production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:835-859. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1624945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hossain
- Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Straka L, Rittmann BE. Growth kinetics and mathematical modeling of
Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803 under flashing light. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:469-474. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levi Straka
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University Tempe Arizona
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21
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Levasseur W, Taidi B, Lacombe R, Perré P, Pozzobon V. Impact of seconds to minutes photoperiods on Chlorella vulgaris growth rate and chlorophyll a and b content. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Papacek S, Jablonsky J, Petera K. Advanced integration of fluid dynamics and photosynthetic reaction kinetics for microalgae culture systems. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:93. [PMID: 30458763 PMCID: PMC6245592 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Photosynthetic microalgae have been in the spotlight of biotechnological production (biofuels, lipids, etc), however, current barriers in mass cultivation of microalgae are limiting its successful industrialization. Therefore, a mathematical model integrating both the biological and hydrodynamical parts of the cultivation process may improve our understanding of relevant phenomena, leading to further optimization of the microalgae cultivation. Results We introduce a unified multidisciplinary simulation tool for microalgae culture systems, particularly the photobioreactors. Our approach describes changes of cell growth determined by dynamics of heterogeneous environmental conditions such as irradiation and mixing of the culture. Presented framework consists of (i) a simplified model of microalgae growth in a culture system (the advection-diffusion-reaction system within a phenomenological model of photosynthesis and photoinhibition), (ii) the fluid dynamics (Navier-Stokes equations), and (iii) the irradiance field description (Beer-Lambert law). To validate the method, a simple case study leading to hydrodynamically induced fluctuating light conditions was chosen. The integration of computational fluid dynamics (ANSYS Fluent) revealed the inner property of the system, the flashing light enhancement phenomenon, known from experiments. Conclusion Our physically accurate model of microalgae culture naturally exhibits features of real system, can be applied to any geometry of microalgae mass cultivation and thus is suitable for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Papacek
- Institute of Complex Systems, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Jablonsky
- Institute of Complex Systems, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Petera
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic
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23
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Kim T, Ren X, Chae KJ. High-rate algal pond coupled with a matrix of Spirogyra sp. for treatment of rural streams with nutrient pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:297-308. [PMID: 29502015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the unique features of a filamentous algae matrix (FAM) that can be applied to high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) as a promising way to remove nutrient from polluted rural streams. The results show that the HRAPs, coupled with the FAM, effectively removed nitrogen and phosphorus (79.8% and 81.2%, respectively), and achieved high production of DO, with a maximum of 11.0 g O2 g FAM-1 d-1. The FAM functioned wells as a screen to prevent excessive algae loss from the system and obtained relatively high biomass growth rate (0.032 mg L-1 d-1 for nitrogen and 0.344 mg L-1 d-1 for phosphorus). The harvested FAM was a useful fertilizer and the rate of addition of FAM were 1.52 kg d-1 ha-1 of nitrogen and 0.44 kg d-1 ha-1 of phosphorus. Thus, combining the HRAP with the FAM was an effective nutrient removal and resource utilization system for rural streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeeung Kim
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(BUCEA), Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xianghao Ren
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(BUCEA), Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 606-791, South Korea.
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24
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Demory D, Combe C, Hartmann P, Talec A, Pruvost E, Hamouda R, Souillé F, Lamare PO, Bristeau MO, Sainte-Marie J, Rabouille S, Mairet F, Sciandra A, Bernard O. How do microalgae perceive light in a high-rate pond? Towards more realistic Lagrangian experiments. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180523. [PMID: 29892466 PMCID: PMC5990726 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamics in a high-rate production reactor for microalgae cultivation affects the light history perceived by cells. The interplay between cell movement and medium turbidity leads to a complex light pattern, whose forcing effects on photosynthesis and photoacclimation dynamics are non-trivial. Hydrodynamics of high density algal ponds mixed by a paddle wheel has been studied recently, although the focus has never been on describing its impact on photosynthetic growth efficiency. In this multidisciplinary downscaling study, we first reconstructed single cell trajectories in an open raceway using an original hydrodynamical model offering a powerful discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations tailored to systems with free surfaces. The trajectory of a particular cell was selected and the associated high-frequency light pattern was computed. This light pattern was then experimentally reproduced in an Arduino-driven computer controlled cultivation system with a low density Dunaliella salina culture. The effect on growth and pigment content was recorded for various frequencies of the light pattern, by setting different paddle wheel velocities. Results show that the frequency of this realistic signal plays a decisive role in the dynamics of photosynthesis, thus revealing an unexpected photosynthetic response compared to that recorded under the on/off signals usually used in the literature. Indeed, the light received by a single cell contains signals from low to high frequencies that nonlinearly interact with the photosynthesis process and differentially stimulate the various time scales associated with photoacclimation and energy dissipation. This study highlights the need for experiments with more realistic light stimuli to better understand microalgal growth at high cell densities. An experimental protocol is also proposed, with simple, yet more realistic, step functions for light fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Demory
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, BIOCORE, INRIA, BP93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Charlotte Combe
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, BIOCORE, INRIA, BP93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Philipp Hartmann
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, BIOCORE, INRIA, BP93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Amélie Talec
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Eric Pruvost
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Raouf Hamouda
- INRIA Paris, Team Ange, 2 rue Simone Iff, CS 42112, 75589 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Fabien Souillé
- INRIA Paris, Team Ange, 2 rue Simone Iff, CS 42112, 75589 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Lamare
- Université Côte d'Azur, BIOCORE, INRIA, BP93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
- INRIA Paris, Team Ange, 2 rue Simone Iff, CS 42112, 75589 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Marie-Odile Bristeau
- INRIA Paris, Team Ange, 2 rue Simone Iff, CS 42112, 75589 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Jacques Sainte-Marie
- INRIA Paris, Team Ange, 2 rue Simone Iff, CS 42112, 75589 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Sophie Rabouille
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Francis Mairet
- Université Côte d'Azur, BIOCORE, INRIA, BP93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
- IFREMER, PBA, Nantes 44311, France
| | - Antoine Sciandra
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, BIOCORE, INRIA, BP93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, BIOCORE, INRIA, BP93, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Océanologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
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25
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Alemu K, Assefa B, Kifle D, Kloos H. Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using High Rate Algae Ponds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41403-018-0036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Silva Benavides AM, Ranglová K, Malapascua JR, Masojídek J, Torzillo G. Diurnal changes of photosynthesis and growth of Arthrospira platensis cultured in a thin-layer cascade and an open pond. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Majumder ELW, Wolf BM, Liu H, Berg RH, Timlin JA, Chen M, Blankenship RE. Subcellular pigment distribution is altered under far-red light acclimation in cyanobacteria that contain chlorophyll f. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:183-192. [PMID: 28895022 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-Red Light (FRL) acclimation is a process that has been observed in cyanobacteria and algae that can grow solely on light above 700 nm. The acclimation to FRL results in rearrangement and synthesis of new pigments and pigment-protein complexes. In this study, cyanobacteria containing chlorophyll f, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 and Halomicronema hongdechloris, were imaged as live cells with confocal microscopy. H. hongdechloris was further studied with hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy (HCFM) and freeze-substituted thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under FRL, phycocyanin-containing complexes and chlorophyll-containing complexes were determined to be physically separated and the synthesis of red-form phycobilisome and Chl f was increased. The timing of these responses was observed. The heterogeneity and eco-physiological response of the cells was noted. Additionally, a gliding motility for H. hongdechloris is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L-W Majumder
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wolf
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Haijun Liu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - R Howard Berg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jerilyn A Timlin
- Bioenergy and Defense Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P. O. Box 5800, MS 0895, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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28
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Graham PJ, Nguyen B, Burdyny T, Sinton D. A penalty on photosynthetic growth in fluctuating light. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12513. [PMID: 28970553 PMCID: PMC5624943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating light is the norm for photosynthetic organisms, with a wide range of frequencies (0.00001 to 10 Hz) owing to diurnal cycles, cloud cover, canopy shifting and mixing; with broad implications for climate change, agriculture and bioproduct production. Photosynthetic growth in fluctuating light is generally considered to improve with increasing fluctuation frequency. Here we demonstrate that the regulation of photosynthesis imposes a penalty on growth in fluctuating light for frequencies in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 Hz (organisms studied: Synechococcus elongatus and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). We provide a comprehensive sweep of frequencies and duty cycles. In addition, we develop a 2nd order model that identifies the source of the penalty to be the regulation of the Calvin cycle – present at all frequencies but compensated at high frequencies by slow kinetics of RuBisCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percival J Graham
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Nguyen
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Burdyny
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto, Canada.
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29
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Sabharwal T, Sathasivan K, Mehdy MC. Defense related decadienal elicits membrane lipid remodeling in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178761. [PMID: 28582415 PMCID: PMC5459460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms rapidly release extracellular oxylipins (oxygenated lipids) including polyunsaturated aldehydes in response to herbivory and other stresses. Oxylipins have several defense-related activities including inhibition of reproduction in herbivores and signaling to distant diatoms. Physiological changes in diatoms exposed to varying levels of oxylipins are only beginning to be understood. In this study, Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultures were treated with sublethal concentrations of the polyunsaturated aldehyde trans,trans-2,4-decadienal (DD) to assess effects on lipid composition and membrane permeability. In cells treated with DD for 3 hr, all measured saturated and unsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased (0.46–0.69 fold of levels in solvent control cells) except for 18:2 (decreased but not significantly). The decrease was greater in the polyunsaturated fatty acid pool than the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid pool. Analysis of lipid classes revealed increased abundances of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine at 3 and 6 hr. Concomitantly, these and other membrane lipids exhibited increased saturated and monounsaturated acyl chains content relative to polyunsaturated acyl chains compared to control cells. Evidence of decreased plasma membrane permeability in DD treated cells was obtained, based on reduced uptake of two of three dyes relative to control cells. Additionally, cells pre-conditioned with a sublethal DD dose for 3 hr then treated with a lethal DD dose for 2 hr exhibited greater membrane integrity than solvent pre-conditioned control cells that were similarly treated. Taken together, the data are supportive of the hypothesis that membrane remodeling induced by sublethal DD is a key element in the development of cellular resistance in diatoms to varying and potentially toxic levels of polyunsaturated aldehydes in environments impacted by herbivory or other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Sabharwal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kanagasabapathi Sathasivan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mona C. Mehdy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Unc A, Monfet E, Potter A, Camargo-Valero M, Smith S. Note to Editor: Microalgae cultivation for wastewater treatment and biofuel production: a bibliographic overview of past and current trends. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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31
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Praeger C, de Nys R. Seeding filamentous Ulva tepida on free-floating surfaces: A novel cultivation method. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Batyrova K, Hallenbeck PC. Hydrogen Production by a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Strain with Inducible Expression of Photosystem II. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030647. [PMID: 28300765 PMCID: PMC5372659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cy6Nac2.49 is a genetically modified algal strain that activates photosynthesis in a cyclical manner, so that photosynthesis is not active constitutively in the presence of oxygen, but is turned on only in response to a metabolic trigger (anaerobiosis). Here, we further investigated hydrogen production by this strain comparing it with the parental wild-type strain under photoheterotrophic conditions in regular tris-acetate-phosphate (TAP) medium with a 10-h:14-h light/dark regime. Unlike the wild-type, whose level of H2 production remained low during illumination, H2 production in the mutant strain increased gradually with each subsequent light period, and by the final light period was significantly higher than the wild-type. The relatively low Photosystem II (PSII) activity of the mutant culture was shown by low fluorescence yield both in the dark (Fv/Fm) and in the light (δF/Fm’) periods. Measurement of oxygen evolution confirmed the low photosynthetic activity of the mutant cells, which gradually accumulated O2 to a lesser extent than the wild-type, thus allowing the mutant strain to maintain hydrogenase activity over a longer time period and to gradually accumulate H2 during periods of illumination. Therefore, controllable expression of PSII can be used to increase hydrogen production under nutrient replete conditions, thus avoiding many of the limitations associated with nutrient deprivation approaches sometimes used to promote hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khorcheska Batyrova
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840, USA.
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33
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Hill EA, Chrisler WB, Beliaev AS, Bernstein HC. A flexible microbial co-culture platform for simultaneous utilization of methane and carbon dioxide from gas feedstocks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:250-256. [PMID: 28092828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new co-cultivation technology is presented that converts greenhouse gasses, CH4 and CO2, into microbial biomass. The methanotrophic bacterium, Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20z, was coupled to a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus PCC 7002 via oxygenic photosynthesis. The system exhibited robust growth on diverse gas mixtures ranging from biogas to those representative of a natural gas feedstock. A continuous processes was developed on a synthetic natural gas feed that achieved steady-state by imposing coupled light and O2 limitations on the cyanobacterium and methanotroph, respectively. Continuous co-cultivation resulted in an O2 depleted reactor and does not require CH4/O2 mixtures to be fed into the system, thereby enhancing process safety considerations over traditional methanotroph mono-culture platforms. This co-culture technology is scalable with respect to its ability to utilize different gas streams and its biological components constructed from model bacteria that can be metabolically customized to produce a range of biofuels and bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Hill
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - William B Chrisler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alex S Beliaev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hans C Bernstein
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Podola B, Li T, Melkonian M. Porous Substrate Bioreactors: A Paradigm Shift in Microalgal Biotechnology? Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:121-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Terrestrial Microalgae: Novel Concepts for Biotechnology and Applications. PROGRESS IN BOTANY VOL. 79 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/124_2017_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Pfaffinger CE, Schöne D, Trunz S, Löwe H, Weuster-Botz D. Model-based optimization of microalgae areal productivity in flat-plate gas-lift photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koller AP, Löwe H, Schmid V, Mundt S, Weuster-Botz D. Model-supported phototrophic growth studies with Scenedesmus obtusiusculus
in a flat-plate photobioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:308-320. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pia Koller
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Hannes Löwe
- Systems Biotechnology; Technical University of Munich; Garching Germany
| | - Verena Schmid
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sabine Mundt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University; Greifswald Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering; Technical University of Munich; Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
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Orefice I, Chandrasekaran R, Smerilli A, Corato F, Caruso T, Casillo A, Corsaro MM, Piaz FD, Ruban AV, Brunet C. Light-induced changes in the photosynthetic physiology and biochemistry in the diatom Skeletonema marinoi. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Agostoni M, Lucker BF, Smith MA, Kanazawa A, Blanchard GJ, Kramer DM, Montgomery BL. Competition-based phenotyping reveals a fitness cost for maintaining phycobilisomes under fluctuating light in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abu-Ghosh S, Fixler D, Dubinsky Z, Iluz D. Flashing light in microalgae biotechnology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 203:357-363. [PMID: 26747205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Flashing light can enhance photosynthesis and improve the quality and quantity of microalgal biomass, as it can increase the products of interest by magnitudes. Therefore, the integration of flashing light effect into microalgal cultivation systems should be considered. However, microalgae require a balanced mix of the light/dark cycle for higher growth rates, and respond to light intensity differently according to the pigments acquired or lost during the growth. This review highlights recently published results on flashing light effect on microalgae and its applications in biotechnology, as well as the recently developed bioreactors designed to fulfill this effect. It also discusses how this knowledge can be applied in selecting the optimal light frequencies and intensities with specific technical properties for increasing biomass production and/or the yield of the chemicals of interest by microalgae belonging to different genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Abu-Ghosh
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - David Iluz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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41
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Schuurmans RM, van Alphen P, Schuurmans JM, Matthijs HCP, Hellingwerf KJ. Comparison of the Photosynthetic Yield of Cyanobacteria and Green Algae: Different Methods Give Different Answers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139061. [PMID: 26394153 PMCID: PMC4578884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal importance of renewable carbon-based commodities and energy carriers has elicited a particular interest for high performance phototrophic microorganisms. Selection of optimal strains is often based on direct comparison under laboratory conditions of maximal growth rate or additional valued features such as lipid content. Instead of reporting growth rate in culture, estimation of photosynthetic efficiency (quantum yield of PSII) by pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorimetry is an often applied alternative method. Here we compared the quantum yield of PSII and the photonic yield on biomass for the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana 211-8K and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our data demonstrate that the PAM technique inherently underestimates the photosynthetic efficiency of cyanobacteria by rendering a high F0 and a low FM, specifically after the commonly practiced dark pre-incubation before a yield measurement. Yet when comparing the calculated biomass yield on light in continuous culture experiments, we obtained nearly equal values for both species. Using mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we analyzed the factors that compromise its PAM-based quantum yield measurements. We will discuss the role of dark respiratory activity, fluorescence emission from the phycobilisomes, and the Mehler-like reaction. Based on the above observations we recommend that PAM measurements in cyanobacteria are interpreted only qualitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Milou Schuurmans
- Molecular Microbial Physiology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal van Alphen
- Molecular Microbial Physiology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Merijn Schuurmans
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C. P. Matthijs
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas J. Hellingwerf
- Molecular Microbial Physiology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Photanol BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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42
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Graham PJ, Riordon J, Sinton D. Microalgae on display: a microfluidic pixel-based irradiance assay for photosynthetic growth. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3116-24. [PMID: 26085371 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biofuel is an emerging sustainable energy resource. Photosynthetic growth is heavily dependent on irradiance, therefore photobioreactor design optimization requires comprehensive screening of irradiance variables, such as intensity, time variance and spectral composition. Here we present a microfluidic irradiance assay which leverages liquid crystal display technology to provide multiplexed screening of irradiance conditions on growth. An array of 238 microreactors are operated in parallel with identical chemical environments. The approach is demonstrated by performing three irradiance assays. The first assay evaluates the effect of intensity on growth, quantifying saturating intensity. The second assay quantifies the influence of time-varied intensity and the threshold frequency for growth. Lastly, the coupled influence of red-blue spectral composition and intensity is assessed. Each multiplexed assay is completed within three days. In contrast, completing the same number of experiments using conventional incubation flasks would require several years. Not only does our approach enable more rapid screening, but the short optical path avoids self-shading issues inherent to flask based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percival J Graham
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
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White RL, Ryan RA. Long-Term Cultivation of Algae in Open-Raceway Ponds: Lessons from the Field. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. White
- Sapphire Energy, Inc., Columbus Algal Biomass Farm, Columbus, NM
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Darwish M, Lopez-Lauri F, Vidal V, El Maâtaoui M, Sallanon H. Alternation of light/dark period priming enhances clomazone tolerance by increasing the levels of ascorbate and phenolic compounds and ROS detoxification in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plantlets. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 148:9-20. [PMID: 25863439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the alternation of light/dark periods (AL) (16/8 min light/dark cycles and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 50 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) for three days) to clarify the mechanisms involved in the clomazone tolerance of tobacco plantlets primed with AL was studied. Clomazone decreased PSII activity, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and the ascorbate and total polyphenol contents and increased H2O2 and starch grain accumulation and the number of the cells that underwent programmed cell death (PCD). The pretreatment with AL reduced the inhibitory effect of clomazone on the PSII activity and photosynthesis, as indicated by the decreases in the H2O2 and starch grain accumulation and the PCD levels, and increased the content of ascorbate and certain phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and rutin. The AL treatment could promote photorespiration via post-illumination burst (PIB) effects. This alternative photorespiratory electron pathway may reduce H2O2 generation via the consumption of photochemical energy, such as NADH+H(+). At 10 days (D10) of AL treatment, this process induced moderate stress which stimulates H2O2 detoxification systems by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the biosynthesis of antioxidant components. Therefore, the PCD levels provoked by clomazone were noticeably decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Darwish
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes (EA 4279), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Bât Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, F-84916 Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Félicie Lopez-Lauri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes (EA 4279), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Bât Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, F-84916 Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Vidal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes (EA 4279), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Bât Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, F-84916 Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Mohamed El Maâtaoui
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes (EA 4279), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Bât Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, F-84916 Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Huguette Sallanon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes (EA 4279), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, Bât Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, F-84916 Avignon cedex 9, France
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Jain A, Voulis N, Jung EE, Doud DFR, Miller WB, Angenent LT, Erickson D. Optimal intensity and biomass density for biofuel production in a thin-light-path photobioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6327-6334. [PMID: 25910004 DOI: 10.1021/es5052777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Production of competitive microalgal biofuels requires development of high volumetric productivity photobioreactors (PBRs) capable of supporting high-density cultures. Maximal biomass density supported by the current PBRs is limited by nonuniform distribution of light as a result of self-shading effects. We recently developed a thin-light-path stacked photobioreactor with integrated slab waveguides that distributed light uniformly across the volume of the PBR. Here, we enhance the performance of the stacked waveguide photobioreactor (SW-PBR) by determining the optimal wavelength and intensity regime of the incident light. This enabled the SW-PBR to support high-density cultures, achieving a carrying capacity of OD730 20. Using a genetically modified algal strain capable of secreting ethylene, we improved ethylene production rates to 937 μg L(-1) h(-1). This represents a 4-fold improvement over a conventional flat-plate PBR. These results demonstrate the advantages of the SW-PBR design and provide the optimal operational parameters to maximize volumetric production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadhar Jain
- †Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Erica E Jung
- †Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | | | | | - David Erickson
- †Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Sutherland DL, Howard-Williams C, Turnbull MH, Broady PA, Craggs RJ. Enhancing microalgal photosynthesis and productivity in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:222-229. [PMID: 25453429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With microalgal biofuels currently receiving much attention, there has been renewed interest in the combined use of high rate algal ponds (HRAP) for wastewater treatment and biofuel production. This combined use of HRAPs is considered to be an economically feasible option for biofuel production, however, increased microalgal productivity and nutrient removal together with reduced capital costs are needed before it can be commercially viable. Despite HRAPs being an established technology, microalgal photosynthesis and productivity is still limited in these ponds and is well below the theoretical maximum. This paper critically evaluates the parameters that limit microalgal light absorption and photosynthesis in wastewater HRAPs and examines biological, chemical and physical options for improving light absorption and utilisation, with the view of enhancing biomass production and nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Sutherland
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand; Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Clive Howard-Williams
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Paul A Broady
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Rupert J Craggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 11-115, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand.
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47
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Combe C, Hartmann P, Rabouille S, Talec A, Bernard O, Sciandra A. Long-term adaptive response to high-frequency light signals in the unicellular photosynthetic eukaryoteDunaliella salina. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1111-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Combe
- Sorbonne Universites; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV; Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
| | - Philipp Hartmann
- Sorbonne Universites; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV; Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- BIOCORE-INRIA, BP93; 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex; France
| | - Sophie Rabouille
- Sorbonne Universites; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV; Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
| | - Amelie Talec
- Sorbonne Universites; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV; Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Sorbonne Universites; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV; Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- BIOCORE-INRIA, BP93; 06902 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex; France
| | - Antoine Sciandra
- Sorbonne Universites; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
- CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV; Observatoire océanologique; F-06230 Villefranche/mer France
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48
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Manipulating antioxidant content in macroalgae in intensive land-based cultivation systems for functional food applications. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Sutherland DL, Montemezzani V, Howard-Williams C, Turnbull MH, Broady PA, Craggs RJ. Modifying the high rate algal pond light environment and its effects on light absorption and photosynthesis. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 70:86-96. [PMID: 25514661 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) for wastewater treatment and commercial algal production is considered to be an economically viable option. However, microalgal photosynthesis and biomass productivity is constrained in HRAPs due to light limitation. This paper investigates how the light climate in the HRAP can be modified through changes in pond depth, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and light/dark turnover rate and how this impacts light absorption and utilisation by the microalgae. Wastewater treatment HRAPs were operated at three different pond depth and HRT during autumn. Light absorption by the microalgae was most affected by HRT, significantly decreasing with increasing HRT, due to increased internal self-shading. Photosynthetic performance (as defined by Pmax, Ek and α), significantly increased with increasing pond depth and decreasing HRT. Despite this, increasing pond depth and/or HRT, resulted in decreased pond light climate and overall integrated water column net oxygen production. However, increased light/dark turnover was able to compensate for this decrease, bringing the net oxygen production in line with shallower ponds operated at shorter HRT. On overcast days, modelled daily net photosynthesis significantly increased with increased light/dark turnover, however, on clear days such increased turnover did not enhance photosynthesis. This study has showed that light absorption and photosynthetic performance of wastewater microalgae can be modified through changes to pond depth, HRT and light/dark turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Sutherland
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Valerio Montemezzani
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 11-115, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand.
| | - Clive Howard-Williams
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Paul A Broady
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Rupert J Craggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), PO Box 11-115, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand.
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50
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Havlik I, Scheper T, Reardon KF. Monitoring of Microalgal Processes. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 153:89-142. [PMID: 26289537 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Process monitoring, which can be defined as the measurement of process variables with the smallest possible delay, is combined with process models to form the basis for successful process control. Minimizing the measurement delay leads inevitably to employing online, in situ sensors where possible, preferably using noninvasive measurement methods with stable, low-cost sensors. Microalgal processes have similarities to traditional bioprocesses but also have unique monitoring requirements. In general, variables to be monitored in microalgal processes can be categorized as physical, chemical, and biological, and they are measured in gaseous, liquid, and solid (biological) phases. Physical and chemical process variables can be usually monitored online using standard industrial sensors. The monitoring of biological process variables, however, relies mostly on sensors developed and validated using laboratory-scale systems or uses offline methods because of difficulties in developing suitable online sensors. Here, we review current technologies for online, in situ monitoring of all types of process parameters of microalgal cultivations, with a focus on monitoring of biological parameters. We discuss newly introduced methods for measuring biological parameters that could be possibly adapted for routine online use, should be preferably noninvasive, and are based on approaches that have been proven in other bioprocesses. New sensor types for measuring physicochemical parameters using optical methods or ion-specific field effect transistor (ISFET) sensors are also discussed. Reviewed methods with online implementation or online potential include measurement of irradiance, biomass concentration by optical density and image analysis, cell count, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth rate, lipid concentration by infrared spectrophotometry, dielectric scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Future perspectives are discussed, especially in the field of image analysis using in situ microscopy, infrared spectrophotometry, and software sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Havlik
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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