1
|
Wang S, Zheng J, Wang Y, Yang Q, Chen T, Chen Y, Chi D, Xia G, Siddique KH, Wang T. Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Yield of Peanut in Response to Biochar Application. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:650432. [PMID: 34135920 PMCID: PMC8200678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.650432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of biochar application on photosynthetic traits and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is not well understood. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in Northwest Liaoning, China to evaluate the effect of biochar application [0, 10, 20, and 40 t ha-1 (B0, B10, B20, and B40)] on leaf gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield of peanut. B10 improved photochemical quenching at flowering and pod set and reduced non-photochemical quenching at pod set, relative to B0. B10 and B20 increased actual photochemical efficiency and decreased regulated energy dissipated at pod set, relative to B0. B10 significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency at flowering and pod set, relative to B0. Compared with B0, B10 significantly improved peanut yield (14.6 and 13.7%) and kernel yield (20.2 and 14.4%). Biochar application increased leaf nitrogen content. B10 and B20 significantly increased plant nitrogen accumulation, as compared to B0. The net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves had a linear correlation with plant nitrogen accumulation and peanut yield. The application of 10 t ha-1 biochar produced the highest peanut yield by enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity, and is thus a promising strategy for peanut production in Northwest Liaoning, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daocai Chi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guimin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kadambot H.M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tieliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of Liaoning Province, College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Divergence of photosynthetic strategies amongst marine diatoms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244252. [PMID: 33370327 PMCID: PMC7769462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton, and in particular diatoms, are responsible for almost half of all primary production on Earth. Diatom species thrive from polar to tropical waters and across light environments that are highly complex to relatively benign, and so have evolved highly divergent strategies for regulating light capture and utilization. It is increasingly well established that diatoms have achieved such successful ecosystem dominance by regulating excitation energy available for generating photosynthetic energy via highly flexible light harvesting strategies. However, how different light harvesting strategies and downstream pathways for oxygen production and consumption interact to balance excitation pressure remains unknown. We therefore examined the responses of three diatom taxa adapted to inherently different light climates (estuarine Thalassioisira weissflogii, coastal Thalassiosira pseudonana and oceanic Thalassiosira oceanica) during transient shifts from a moderate to high growth irradiance (85 to 1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Transient high light exposure caused T. weissflogii to rapidly downregulate PSII with substantial nonphotochemical quenching, protecting PSII from inactivation or damage, and obviating the need for induction of O2 consuming (light-dependent respiration, LDR) pathways. In contrast, T. oceanica retained high excitation pressure on PSII, but with little change in RCII photochemical turnover, thereby requiring moderate repair activity and greater reliance on LDR. T. pseudonana exhibited an intermediate response compared to the other two diatom species, exhibiting some downregulation and inactivation of PSII, but high repair of PSII and induction of reversible PSII nonphotochemical quenching, with some LDR. Together, these data demonstrate a range of strategies for balancing light harvesting and utilization across diatom species, which reflect their adaptation to sustain photosynthesis under environments with inherently different light regimes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Enhanced Light-Induced Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids Suitable for Biodiesel Production by the Yellow-Green Alga Eustigmatos magnus. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13226098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of the fatty acid profile in microalgae is one of the key strategies for obtaining valuable products and sustainable biofuels. Light intensity and light regimes exert an impact on the growth and metabolic process in microalgae. The objective of the present investigations was to assess the effect of light intensity and continuous light vs. photoperiod conditions on the growth and changes in the biomass composition in Eustigmatos magnus, with a focus on bioactive molecules such as lipids and fatty acids. The highest daily productivity of Eustigmatos magnus biomass and lipid yields were detected at continuous illumination and at the highest intensity of light. The results show that the content and composition of fatty acids was influenced by the culture conditions. The biomass of Eustigmatos magnus contained the highest concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the pphotoperiod conditions with the highest light intensity. This study shows that Eustigmatos magnus has a capacity for the accumulation of palmitoleic acid. A high intensity of continuous light improves the profile of fatty acids in Eustigmatos magnus, which can be suitable for biodiesel applications. At the high intensity of continuous light, Eustigmatos magnus lipids are characterized by high content of oleic acids and low content of saturated and monounsaturated acids.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bonnanfant M, Jesus B, Pruvost J, Mouget JL, Campbell DA. Photosynthetic electron transport transients in Chlorella vulgaris under fluctuating light. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
5
|
Buck JM, Sherman J, Bártulos CR, Serif M, Halder M, Henkel J, Falciatore A, Lavaud J, Gorbunov MY, Kroth PG, Falkowski PG, Lepetit B. Lhcx proteins provide photoprotection via thermal dissipation of absorbed light in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4167. [PMID: 31519883 PMCID: PMC6744471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms possess an impressive capacity for rapidly inducible thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy (qE), provided by the xanthophyll diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins. By knocking out the Lhcx1 and Lhcx2 genes individually in Phaeodactylum tricornutum strain 4 and complementing the knockout lines with different Lhcx proteins, multiple mutants with varying qE capacities are obtained, ranging from zero to high values. We demonstrate that qE is entirely dependent on the concerted action of diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins, with Lhcx1, Lhcx2 and Lhcx3 having similar functions. Moreover, we establish a clear link between Lhcx1/2/3 mediated inducible thermal energy dissipation and a reduction in the functional absorption cross-section of photosystem II. This regulation of the functional absorption cross-section can be tuned by altered Lhcx protein expression in response to environmental conditions. Our results provide a holistic understanding of the rapidly inducible thermal energy dissipation process and its mechanistic implications in diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen M Buck
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Sherman
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Carolina Río Bártulos
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Manuel Serif
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marc Halder
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Henkel
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMI 3376 Takuvik, CNRS/ULaval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|