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Svenning JB, Vasskog T, Campbell K, Bæverud AH, Myhre TN, Dalheim L, Forgereau ZL, Osanen JE, Hansen EH, Bernstein HC. Lipidome Plasticity Enables Unusual Photosynthetic Flexibility in Arctic vs. Temperate Diatoms. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:67. [PMID: 38393038 PMCID: PMC10890139 DOI: 10.3390/md22020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The diatom lipidome actively regulates photosynthesis and displays a high degree of plasticity in response to a light environment, either directly as structural modifications of thylakoid membranes and protein-pigment complexes, or indirectly via photoprotection mechanisms that dissipate excess light energy. This acclimation is crucial to maintaining primary production in marine systems, particularly in polar environments, due to the large temporal variations in both the intensity and wavelength distributions of downwelling solar irradiance. This study investigated the hypothesis that Arctic marine diatoms uniquely modify their lipidome, including their concentration and type of pigments, in response to wavelength-specific light quality in their environment. We postulate that Arctic-adapted diatoms can adapt to regulate their lipidome to maintain growth in response to the extreme variability in photosynthetically active radiation. This was tested by comparing the untargeted lipidomic profiles, pigmentation, specific growth rates and carbon assimilation of the Arctic diatom Porosira glacialis vs. the temperate species Coscinodiscus radiatus during exponential growth under red, blue and white light. Here, we found that the chromatic wavelength influenced lipidome remodeling and growth in each strain, with P. glacialis showing effective utilization of red light coupled with increased inclusion of primary light-harvesting pigments and polar lipid classes. These results indicate a unique photoadaptation strategy that enables Arctic diatoms like P. glacialis to capitalize on a wide chromatic growth range and demonstrates the importance of active lipid regulation in the Arctic light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Brage Svenning
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
- SINTEF Nord, Storgata 118, 9008 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Karley Campbell
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Agnethe Hansen Bæverud
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Torbjørn Norberg Myhre
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Lars Dalheim
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
| | - Zoé Lulu Forgereau
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Janina Emilia Osanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Espen Holst Hansen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy—ARC, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Potential for the Production of Carotenoids of Interest in the Polar Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080491. [PMID: 36005496 PMCID: PMC9409807 DOI: 10.3390/md20080491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid xanthophyll pigments are receiving growing interest in various industrial fields due to their broad and diverse bioactive and health beneficial properties. Fucoxanthin (Fx) and the inter-convertible couple diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin (Ddx+Dtx) are acknowledged as some of the most promising xanthophylls; they are mainly synthesized by diatoms (Bacillariophyta). While temperate strains of diatoms have been widely investigated, recent years showed a growing interest in using polar strains, which are better adapted to the natural growth conditions of Nordic countries. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus in producing Fx and Ddx+Dtx by means of the manipulation of the growth light climate (daylength, light intensity and spectrum) and temperature. We further compared its best capacity to the strongest xanthophyll production levels reported for temperate counterparts grown under comparable conditions. In our hands, the best growing conditions for F. cylindrus were a semi-continuous growth at 7 °C and under a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod of monochromatic blue light (445 nm) at a PUR of 11.7 μmol photons m−2 s−1. This allowed the highest Fx productivity of 43.80 µg L−1 day−1 and the highest Fx yield of 7.53 µg Wh−1, more than two times higher than under ‘white’ light. For Ddx+Dtx, the highest productivity (4.55 µg L−1 day−1) was reached under the same conditions of ‘white light’ and at 0 °C. Our results show that F. cylindrus, and potentially other polar diatom strains, are very well suited for Fx and Ddx+Dtx production under conditions of low temperature and light intensity, reaching similar productivity levels as model temperate counterparts such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The present work supports the possibility of using polar diatoms as an efficient cold and low light-adapted bioresource for xanthophyll pigments, especially usable in Nordic countries.
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Improving astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis by an efficient fed-batch strategy in a photobioreactor. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Quero G, Bonnecarrère V, Simondi S, Santos J, Fernández S, Gutierrez L, Garaycochea S, Borsani O. Genetic architecture of photosynthesis energy partitioning as revealed by a genome-wide association approach. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:97-115. [PMID: 32072456 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthesis process is determined by the intensity level and spectral quality of the light; therefore, leaves need to adapt to a changing environment. The incident energy absorbed can exceed the sink capability of the photosystems, and, in this context, photoinhibition may occur in both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). Quantum yield parameters analyses reveal how the energy is managed. These parameters are genotype-dependent, and this genotypic variability is a good opportunity to apply mapping association strategies to identify genomic regions associated with photosynthesis energy partitioning. An experimental and mathematical approach is proposed for the determination of an index which estimates the energy per photon flux for each spectral bandwidth (Δλ) of the light incident (QI index). Based on the QI, the spectral quality of the plant growth, environmental lighting, and the actinic light of PAM were quantitatively very similar which allowed an accurate phenotyping strategy of a rice population. A total of 143 genomic single regions associated with at least one trait of chlorophyll fluorescence were identified. Moreover, chromosome 5 gathers most of these regions indicating the importance of this chromosome in the genetic regulation of the photochemistry process. Through a GWAS strategy, 32 genes of rice genome associated with the main parameters of the photochemistry process of photosynthesis in rice were identified. Association between light-harvesting complexes and the potential quantum yield of PSII, as well as the relationship between coding regions for PSI-linked proteins in energy distribution during the photochemical process of photosynthesis is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Quero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Victoria Bonnecarrère
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Simondi
- Área de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (FCEN-UNCuyo), Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Santos
- Área de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (FCEN-UNCuyo), Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Fernández
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de La República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Gutierrez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Departamento de Biometría, Estadística y Cómputos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Garaycochea
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Omar Borsani
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Su Y, Jacobsen C. Treatment of clean in place (CIP) wastewater using microalgae: Nutrient upcycling and value-added byproducts production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147337. [PMID: 33932664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CIP wastewater is one of the major wastewater streams from the food industry, and its treatment is generally expensive, requiring a large effort to reduce its typically high nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment is increasingly explored as a more sustainable alternative to the conventional methods, due to the added benefit of nutrient upcycling and value-added biomass production. For the first time, four microalgae species were used to treat CIP wastewater high in N (565.5 mg NO3--N/l) and P (98.0 mg PO43--P/l). An intermittent biomass harvesting strategy was adopted in this study to enhance the purification of CIP water and redirection of nutrients into algal biomass. Over 93 days operation, N removal efficiency was 52.1 ± 2.9%, 54.8 ± 2.5%, 50.0 ± 2.3% and 48.3 ± 0.5%, and P removal efficiency was 65.5 ± 10.0%, 79.4 ± 6.1%, 61.8 ± 2.5% and 69.1 ± 7.7% for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and wastewater borne microalgae, respectively. After the first (acclimatization) and second growth cycles, cell growth and nutrient removal slowed down but increased again after adding trace nutrients, indicating the lack of trace elements after the first two growth cycles. In the fourth and fifth batch runs, both algal growth rate and nutrient removal rate decreased despite adding trace nutrients and/or increasing light intensity, this being a consequence of the excreted soluble algal products accumulating during long-term operation. S. obliquus had the highest protein concentration of 44.5 ± 9.8% DW, while C. vulgaris accumulated the highest total lipid content (15.6 ± 0.9%, DW). In this proof-of-concept study, the cultivation of microalgae in CIP wastewater with an intermittent harvest of the accumulated algal biomass is demonstrated and it outlines the potential of microalgae to sustainably treat effluents with extremely high nutrients concentration while producing the food-grade algae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Su
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Bjerregaardsvej 5, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 204, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Marella TK, Bhattacharjya R, Tiwari A. Impact of organic carbon acquisition on growth and functional biomolecule production in diatoms. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:135. [PMID: 34266439 PMCID: PMC8281487 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists which constitute one of the most successful microalgae contributing enormously to global primary productivity and nutrient cycles in marine and freshwater habitats. Though they possess the ability to biosynthesize high value compounds like eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), fucoxanthin (Fx) and chrysolaminarin (Chrl) the major bottle neck in commercialization is their inability to attain high density growth. However, their unique potential of acquiring diverse carbon sources via varied mechanisms enables them to adapt and grow under phototrophic, mixotrophic as well as heterotrophic modes. Growth on organic carbon substrates promotes higher biomass, lipid, and carbohydrate productivity, which further triggers the yield of various biomolecules. Since, the current mass culture practices primarily employ open pond and tubular photobioreactors for phototrophic growth, they become cost intensive and economically non-viable. Therefore, in this review we attempt to explore and compare the mechanisms involved in organic carbon acquisition in diatoms and its implications on mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth and biomolecule production and validate how these strategies could pave a way for future exploration and establishment of sustainable diatom biorefineries for novel biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Raya Bhattacharjya
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Li S, Zheng X, Fang Q, Gong Y, Wang H. Exploring the potential of photosynthetic induction factor for the commercial production of fucoxanthin in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1769-1779. [PMID: 33844074 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the market price of fucoxanthin-based drugs remains high primarily because, on one hand, the main natural source of fucoxanthin, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum), is extremely low in endogenous fucoxanthin, while, on the other hand, fucoxanthin mass production has proved to be very challenging. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of increasing fucoxanthin bioaccumulation in P. tricornutum by promoting photosynthetic activity of this diatom. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of different concentrations of the photosynthetic induction factor (PIF) on fucoxanthin content and biosynthesis, on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and on the expression of photosynthesis-related genes in P. tricornutum. The results showed that the optimal PIF concentration was 1 µg L-1, while optimal time was 48 h, with the effect decreasing at 72 h. Fucoxanthin content increased by 44.2% compared to that of the control group in 48 h. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between fucoxanthin content and the actual photosynthetic yield of PS II (r = 0.949, P < 0.01). The total amount of energy actually used in photosystem II (PS II) by photosynthesis may be used as the main components affecting the biosynthesis of fucoxanthin in P. tricornutum. In addition, we found that using PIF to promote photosynthesis in P. tricornutum effectively increased the growth rate and bioaccumulation of fucoxanthin to an economically advantageous level, thereby providing a novel strategy for the commercial production of fucoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Department of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heyu Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
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Pigment and Fatty Acid Production under Different Light Qualities in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are microscopic biorefineries producing value-added molecules, including unique pigments, triglycerides (TAGs) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), with potential implications in aquaculture feeding and the food or biofuel industries. These molecules are utilized in vivo for energy harvesting from sunlight to drive photosynthesis and as photosynthetic storage products, respectively. In the present paper, we evaluate the effect of narrow-band spectral illumination on carotenoid, LC-PUFAs and TAG contents in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Shorter wavelengths in the blue spectral range resulted in higher production of total fatty acids, namely saturated TAGs. Longer wavelengths in the red spectral range increased the cell’s content in Hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Red wavelengths induced higher production of photoprotective carotenoids, namely fucoxanthin. In combination, the results demonstrate how diatom value-added molecule production can be modulated by spectral light control during the growth. How diatoms could use such mechanisms to regulate efficient light absorption and cell buoyancy in the open ocean is discussed.
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Yang R, Wei D, Xie J. Diatoms as cell factories for high-value products: chrysolaminarin, eicosapentaenoic acid, and fucoxanthin. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:993-1009. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Yang R, Wei D. Improving Fucoxanthin Production in Mixotrophic Culture of Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by LED Light Shift and Nitrogen Supplementation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:820. [PMID: 32760713 PMCID: PMC7373720 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx), a kind of primary carotenoids in brown seaweeds and diatoms, has attractive efficacy in human's healthcare including loss weight, the prevention of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is now realized as a promising producer for commercial Fx production due to its higher content of Fx than brown seaweeds with easily artificial cultivation and Fx extraction. In the present study, to improve Fx production in P. tricornutum, the mixotrophic cultures were applied to optimize initial cell density, light intensity, light regime and nitrogen supplementation. The results showed that the higher initial cell density (1 × 107 cells mL-1) and lower light intensity (20 μmol m-2 s-1) were favorable for biomass production and Fx accumulation. The maximal Fx content [16.28 mg g-1 dry weight (DW)] could be achieved under blue light (BL), but the highest biomass concentration (5.53 g L-1) could be attained under red: blue light (R: B, 6:1) in the batch culture. A novel two-phase culture approach was developed to increase the biomass concentration to the highest value (6.52 g L-1) with the maximal productivity of Fx (8.22 mg L-1 d-1) through light shift from R:B ratio (6:1) in phase 1 to R:B ratio (5:1) by enhancing BL and tryptone addition in phase 2. The content and intracellular amount of Fx were also increased 8% and 12% in phase 2 compared to phase 1. The expression levels analysis revealed that genes encoding phytoene synthase (PSY), zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), and fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-protein b (FCPb) were upregulated significantly, with downregulation of the gene encoding violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), leading to the improvement of Fx in phase 2. The present study demonstrated the two-phase culture strategy could promote Fx productivity through enhancing biomass production and increasing Fx content, indicating that strengthening BL coupled with adding tryptone were effective to facilitate Fx production by mixotrophic cultivation of marine diatom P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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