1
|
Shi A, Xu J, Shao Y, Alwathnani H, Rensing C, Zhang J, Xing S, Ni W, Zhang L, Yang W. Salicylic Acid's impact on Sedum alfredii growth and cadmium tolerance: Comparative physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119092. [PMID: 38729407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization, Cd pollution has emerged as a major threat to soil ecosystem health and food safety. Hyperaccumulating plants like Sedum alfredii Hance are considered to be used as part of an effective strategy for the ecological remediation of Cd polluted soils. This study delved deeply into the physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic responses of S. alfredii under cadmium (Cd) stress when treated with exogenous salicylic acid (SA). We found that SA notably enhanced the growth of S. alfredii and thereby increased absorption and accumulation of Cd, effectively alleviating the oxidative stress caused by Cd through upregulation of the antioxidant system. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data further unveiled the influence of SA on photosynthesis, antioxidant defensive mechanisms, and metal absorption enrichment pathways. Notably, the interactions between SA and other plant hormones, especially IAA and JA, played a central role in these processes. These findings offer us a comprehensive perspective on understanding how to enhance the growth and heavy metal absorption capabilities of hyperaccumulator plants by regulating plant hormones, providing invaluable strategies for future environmental remediation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Junlong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yudie Shao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hend Alwathnani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - JinLin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Center for Grassland Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shihe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marulanda Valencia W, Pandit A. Photosystem II Subunit S (PsbS): A Nano Regulator of Plant Photosynthesis. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168407. [PMID: 38109993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Light is required for photosynthesis, but plants are often exposed to excess light, which can lead to photodamage and eventually cell death. To prevent this, they evolved photoprotective feedback mechanisms that regulate photosynthesis and trigger processes that dissipate light energy as heat, called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In excess light conditions, the light reaction and activity of Photosystem II (PSII) generates acidification of the thylakoid lumen, which is sensed by special pH-sensitive proteins called Photosystem II Subunit S (PsbS), actuating a photoprotective "switch" in the light-harvesting antenna. Despite its central role in regulating photosynthetic energy conversion, the molecular mechanism of PsbS as well as its interaction with partner proteins are not well understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular structure and mechanistic aspects of the light-stress sensor PsbS and addresses open questions and challenges in the field regarding a full understanding of its functional mechanism and role in NPQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anjali Pandit
- Leiden Inst. of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li DH, Wilson S, Mastroianni G, Ruban AV. Altered lipid acyl chain length controls energy dissipation in light-harvesting complex II proteoliposomes by hydrophobic mismatch. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 246:112758. [PMID: 37531665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the major light-harvesting antenna complex (LHCII) is vital for both light harvesting and photoprotection in photosystem II. Previously, we proposed that the thylakoid membrane itself could switch LHCII into the photoprotective state, qE, via a process known as hydrophobic mismatch. The decrease in the membrane thickness that followed the formation of ΔpH was a key fact that prompted this idea. To test this, we made proteoliposomes from lipids with altered acyl chain length (ACL). Here, we show that ACL regulates the average chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime of LHCII. For liposomes made of lipids with an ACL of 18 carbons, the lifetime was ∼2 ns, like that for the thylakoid membrane. Furthermore, LHCII appears to be quenched in proteoliposomes with an ACL both shorter and longer than 18 carbons. The proteoliposomes made of short ACL lipids display structural heterogeneity revealing two quenched conformations of LHCII, each having characteristic 77 K fluorescence spectra. One conformation spectrally resembles isolated LHCII aggregates, whilst the other resembles LHCII immobilized in polyacrylamide gels. Overall, the decrease in the ACL appears to produce quenched conformations of LHCII, which renders plausible the idea that the trigger of qE is the hydrophobic mismatch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Sam Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Giulia Mastroianni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bag P, Shutova T, Shevela D, Lihavainen J, Nanda S, Ivanov AG, Messinger J, Jansson S. Flavodiiron-mediated O 2 photoreduction at photosystem I acceptor-side provides photoprotection to conifer thylakoids in early spring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3210. [PMID: 37270605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Green organisms evolve oxygen (O2) via photosynthesis and consume it by respiration. Generally, net O2 consumption only becomes dominant when photosynthesis is suppressed at night. Here, we show that green thylakoid membranes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) needles display strong O2 consumption even in the presence of light when extremely low temperatures coincide with high solar irradiation during early spring (ES). By employing different electron transport chain inhibitors, we show that this unusual light-induced O2 consumption occurs around photosystem (PS) I and correlates with higher abundance of flavodiiron (Flv) A protein in ES thylakoids. With P700 absorption changes, we demonstrate that electron scavenging from the acceptor-side of PSI via O2 photoreduction is a major alternative pathway in ES. This photoprotection mechanism in vascular plants indicates that conifers have developed an adaptative evolution trajectory for growing in harsh environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Bag
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tatyana Shutova
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Shevela
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenna Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sanchali Nanda
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Johannes Messinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han LJ, Fan DY, Wang XP, Xu CY, Xia XL, Chow WS. The Protective Role of Non-Photochemical Quenching in PSII Photo-Susceptibility: A Case Study in the Field. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:43-54. [PMID: 36201365 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) has been regarded as a safety valve to dissipate excess absorbed light energy not used for photochemistry. However, there exists no general consensus on the photoprotective role of NPQ. In the present study, we quantified the Photosystem II (PSII) photo-susceptibilities (mpi) in the presence of lincomycin, under red light given to five shade-acclimated tree species grown in the field. Photosynthetic energy partitioning theory was applied to investigate the relationships between mpi and each of the regulatory light-induced NPQ [Y(NPQ)], the quantum yield of the constitutive nonregulatory NPQ [Y(NO)] and the PSII photochemical yield in the light-adapted state [Y(PSII)] under different red irradiances. It was found that in the low to moderate irradiance range (50-800 μmol m-2 s-1) when the fraction of open reaction centers (qP) exceeded 0.4, mpi exhibited no association with Y(NPQ), Y(NO) and Y(PSII) across species. However, when qP < 0.4 (1,500 μmol m-2 s-1), there existed positive relationships between mpi and Y(NPQ) or Y(NO) but a negative relationship between mpi and Y(PSII). It is postulated that both Y(NPQ) and Y(NO) contain protective and damage components and that using only Y(NPQ) or Y(NO) metrics to identify the photo-susceptibility of a species is a risk. It seems that qP regulates the balance of the two components for each of Y(NPQ) and Y(NO). Under strong irradiance, when both protective Y(NPQ) and Y(NO) are saturated/depressed, the forward electron flow [i.e. Y(PSII)] acts as the last defense to resist photoinhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Han
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Da-Yong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin-Li Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arshad R, Saccon F, Bag P, Biswas A, Calvaruso C, Bhatti AF, Grebe S, Mascoli V, Mahbub M, Muzzopappa F, Polyzois A, Schiphorst C, Sorrentino M, Streckaité S, van Amerongen H, Aro EM, Bassi R, Boekema EJ, Croce R, Dekker J, van Grondelle R, Jansson S, Kirilovsky D, Kouřil R, Michel S, Mullineaux CW, Panzarová K, Robert B, Ruban AV, van Stokkum I, Wientjes E, Büchel C. A kaleidoscope of photosynthetic antenna proteins and their emerging roles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1204-1219. [PMID: 35512089 PMCID: PMC9237682 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae are pigment-binding proteins that perform one of the most fundamental tasks on Earth, capturing light and transferring energy that enables life in our biosphere. Adaptation to different light environments led to the evolution of an astonishing diversity of light-harvesting systems. At the same time, several strategies have been developed to optimize the light energy input into photosynthetic membranes in response to fluctuating conditions. The basic feature of these prompt responses is the dynamic nature of antenna complexes, whose function readily adapts to the light available. High-resolution microscopy and spectroscopic studies on membrane dynamics demonstrate the crosstalk between antennae and other thylakoid membrane components. With the increased understanding of light-harvesting mechanisms and their regulation, efforts are focusing on the development of sustainable processes for effective conversion of sunlight into functional bio-products. The major challenge in this approach lies in the application of fundamental discoveries in light-harvesting systems for the improvement of plant or algal photosynthesis. Here, we underline some of the latest fundamental discoveries on the molecular mechanisms and regulation of light harvesting that can potentially be exploited for the optimization of photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Arshad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Saccon
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Avratanu Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Calvaruso
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Ahmad Farhan Bhatti
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steffen Grebe
- Department of Life Technologies, MolecularPlant Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI–20520, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Mascoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Moontaha Mahbub
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Fernando Muzzopappa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Alexandros Polyzois
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Paris 75006, France
| | | | - Mirella Sorrentino
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czech Republic
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Simona Streckaité
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Life Technologies, MolecularPlant Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI–20520, Finland
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Paris 75006, France
| | - Conrad W Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klára Panzarová
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ivo van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quantifying the long-term interplay between photoprotection and repair mechanisms sustaining photosystem II activity. Biochem J 2022; 479:701-717. [PMID: 35234841 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem II reaction centre (RCII) protein subunit D1 is the main target of light-induced damage in the thylakoid membrane. As such, it is constantly replaced with newly synthesised proteins, in a process dubbed the 'D1 repair cycle'. The mechanism of relief of excitation energy pressure on RCII, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), is activated to prevent damage. The contribution of the D1 repair cycle and NPQ in preserving the photochemical efficiency of RCII is currently unclear. In this work, we seek to (1) quantify the relative long-term effectiveness of photoprotection offered by NPQ and the D1 repair cycle, and (2) determine the fraction of sustained decrease in RCII activity that is due to long-term protective processes. We found that while under short-term, sunfleck-mimicking illumination, NPQ is substantially more effective in preserving RCII activity than the D1 repair cycle (Plant. Cell Environ. 41, 1098-1112, 2018). Under prolonged constant illumination, its contribution is less pronounced, accounting only for up to 30% of RCII protection, while D1 repair assumes a predominant role. Exposure to a wide range of light intensities yields comparable results, highlighting the crucial role of a constant and rapid D1 turnover for the maintenance of RCII efficiency. The interplay between NPQ and D1 repair cycle is crucial to grant complete phototolerance to plants under low and moderate light intensities, and limit damage to photosystem II under high light. Additionally, we disentangled and quantified the contribution of a slowly-reversible NPQ component that does not impair RCII activity, and is therefore protective.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruban AV, Wilson S. The Mechanism of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Plants: Localization and Driving Forces. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1063-1072. [PMID: 33351147 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) remains one of the most studied topics of the 21st century in photosynthesis research. Over the past 30 years, profound knowledge has been obtained on the molecular mechanism of NPQ in higher plants. First, the largely overlooked significance of NPQ in protecting the reaction center of photosystem II (RCII) against damage, and the ways to assess its effectiveness are highlighted. Then, the key in vivo signals that can monitor the life of the major NPQ component, qE, are presented. Finally, recent knowledge on the site of qE and the possible molecular events that transmit ΔpH into the conformational change in the major LHCII [the major trimeric light harvesting complex of photosystem II (PSII)] antenna complex are discussed. Recently, number of reports on Arabidopsis mutants lacking various antenna components of PSII confirmed that the in vivo site of qE rests within the major trimeric LHCII complex. Experiments on biochemistry, spectroscopy, microscopy and molecular modeling suggest an interplay between thylakoid membrane geometry and the dynamics of LHCII, the PsbS (PSII subunit S) protein and thylakoid lipids. The molecular basis for the qE-related conformational change in the thylakoid membrane, including the possible onset of a hydrophobic mismatch between LHCII and lipids, potentiated by PsbS protein, begins to unfold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sam Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Son M, Moya R, Pinnola A, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen GS. Protein-Protein Interactions Induce pH-Dependent and Zeaxanthin-Independent Photoprotection in the Plant Light-Harvesting Complex, LHCII. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17577-17586. [PMID: 34648708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants use energy from the sun yet also require protection against the generation of deleterious photoproducts from excess energy. Photoprotection in green plants, known as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), involves thermal dissipation of energy and is activated by a series of interrelated factors: a pH drop in the lumen, accumulation of the carotenoid zeaxanthin (Zea), and formation of arrays of pigment-containing antenna complexes. However, understanding their individual contributions and their interactions has been challenging, particularly for the antenna arrays, which are difficult to manipulate in vitro. Here, we achieved systematic and discrete control over the array size for the principal antenna complex, light-harvesting complex II, using near-native in vitro membranes called nanodiscs. Each of the factors had a distinct influence on the level of dissipation, which was characterized by measurements of fluorescence quenching and ultrafast chlorophyll-to-carotenoid energy transfer. First, an increase in array size led to a corresponding increase in dissipation; the dramatic changes in the chlorophyll dynamics suggested that this is due to an allosteric conformational change of the protein. Second, a pH drop increased dissipation but exclusively in the presence of protein-protein interactions. Third, no Zea dependence was identified which suggested that Zea regulates a distinct aspect of NPQ. Collectively, these results indicate that each factor provides a separate type of control knob for photoprotection, which likely enables a flexible and tunable response to solar fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Son
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raymundo Moya
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,Accademia Nazionale di Lincei, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang JY, Zhang QH, Shuang SP, Cun Z, Wu HM, Chen JW. The Responses of Light Reaction of Photosynthesis to Dynamic Sunflecks in a Typically Shade-Tolerant Species Panax notoginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718981. [PMID: 34721452 PMCID: PMC8548386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light is highly heterogeneous in natural conditions, and plants need to evolve a series of strategies to acclimate the dynamic light since it is immobile. The present study aimed to elucidate the response of light reaction of photosynthesis to dynamic sunflecks in a shade-tolerant species Panax notoginseng and to examine the regulatory mechanisms involved in an adaptation to the simulated sunflecks. When P. notoginseng was exposed to the simulated sunflecks, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased rapidly to the maximum value. Moreover, in response to the simulated sunflecks, there was a rapid increase in light-dependent heat dissipation quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (ΦNPQ), while the maximum quantum yield of PSII under light (F v'/F m') declined. The relatively high fluorescence and constitutive heat dissipation quantum efficiency of PSII (Φf,d) in the plants exposed to transient high light (400, 800, and 1,600 μmol m-2 s-1) was accompanied by the low effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) after the dark recovery for 15 min, whereas the plants exposed to transient low light (50 μmol m-2 s-1) has been shown to lead to significant elevation in ΦPSII after darkness recovery. Furthermore, PSII fluorescence and constitutive heat dissipation electron transfer rate (J f,d) was increased with the intensity of the simulated sunflecks, the residual absorbed energy used for the non-net carboxylative processes (J NC) was decreased when the response of electron transfer rate of NPQ pathway of PSII (J NPQ) to transient low light is restricted. In addition, the acceptor-side limitation of PSI [Y(NA)] was increased, while the donor-side limitation of photosystems I (PSI) [Y(ND)] was decreased at transient high light conditions accompanied with active cyclic electron flow (CEF). Meanwhile, when the leaves were exposed to transient high light, the xanthophyll cycle (V cycle) was activated and subsequently, the J NPQ began to increase. The de-epoxidation state [(Z + A)/(V + A + Z)] was strongly correlated with NPQ in response to the sunflecks. In the present study, a rapid engagement of lutein epoxide (Lx) after the low intensity of sunfleck together with the lower NPQ contributed to an elevation in the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII under the light. The analysis based on the correlation between the CEF and electron flow devoted to Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) oxygenation (J O) indicated that at a high light intensity of sunflecks, the electron flow largely devoted to RuBP oxygenation would contribute to the operation of the CEF. Overall, photorespiration plays an important role in regulating the CEF of the shade-tolerant species, such as P. notoginseng in response to transient high light, whereas active Lx cycle together with the decelerated NPQ may be an effective mechanism of elevating the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency of PSII under light exposure to transient low light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang-Hao Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Pu Shuang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Welc R, Luchowski R, Kluczyk D, Zubik-Duda M, Grudzinski W, Maksim M, Reszczynska E, Sowinski K, Mazur R, Nosalewicz A, Gruszecki WI. Mechanisms shaping the synergism of zeaxanthin and PsbS in photoprotective energy dissipation in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:418-433. [PMID: 33914375 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Safe operation of photosynthesis is vital to plants and is ensured by the activity of processes protecting chloroplasts against photo-damage. The harmless dissipation of excess excitation energy is considered to be the primary photoprotective mechanism and is most effective in the combined presence of PsbS protein and zeaxanthin, a xanthophyll accumulated in strong light as a result of the xanthophyll cycle. Here we address the problem of specific molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of zeaxanthin and PsbS. The experiments were conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana, using wild-type plants, mutants lacking PsbS (npq4), and mutants affected in the xanthophyll cycle (npq1), with the application of molecular spectroscopy and imaging techniques. The results lead to the conclusion that PsbS interferes with the formation of densely packed aggregates of thylakoid membrane proteins, thus allowing easy exchange and incorporation of xanthophyll cycle pigments into such structures. It was found that xanthophylls trapped within supramolecular structures, most likely in the interfacial protein region, determine their photophysical properties. The structures formed in the presence of violaxanthin are characterized by minimized dissipation of excitation energy. In contrast, the structures formed in the presence of zeaxanthin show enhanced excitation quenching, thus protecting the system against photo-damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kluczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik-Duda
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maksim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Emilia Reszczynska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-033, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-096, Poland
| | - Artur Nosalewicz
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bag P. Light Harvesting in Fluctuating Environments: Evolution and Function of Antenna Proteins across Photosynthetic Lineage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1184. [PMID: 34200788 PMCID: PMC8230411 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all photosynthetic organisms possess a special type of pigment protein complex(es) that is (are) capable of trapping light energy, known as photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae. From an evolutionary point of view, simpler (unicellular) organisms typically have a simple antenna, whereas higher plants possess complex antenna systems. The higher complexity of the antenna systems provides efficient fine tuning of photosynthesis. This relationship between the complexity of the antenna and the increasing complexity of the organism is mainly related to the remarkable acclimation capability of complex organisms under fluctuating environmental conditions. These antenna complexes not only harvest light, but also provide photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. In this review, the evolution, structure, and function of different antenna complexes, from single cellular organisms to higher plants, are discussed in the context of the ability to acclimate and adapt to cope under fluctuating environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, UPSC, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lokstein H, Renger G, Götze JP. Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting (Antenna) Complexes-Structures and Functions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113378. [PMID: 34204994 PMCID: PMC8199901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls, together with carotenoids, serve, noncovalently bound to specific apoproteins, as principal light-harvesting and energy-transforming pigments in photosynthetic organisms. In recent years, enormous progress has been achieved in the elucidation of structures and functions of light-harvesting (antenna) complexes, photosynthetic reaction centers and even entire photosystems. It is becoming increasingly clear that light-harvesting complexes not only serve to enlarge the absorption cross sections of the respective reaction centers but are vitally important in short- and long-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and regulation of the energy-transforming processes in response to external and internal conditions. Thus, the wide variety of structural diversity in photosynthetic antenna “designs” becomes conceivable. It is, however, common for LHCs to form trimeric (or multiples thereof) structures. We propose a simple, tentative explanation of the trimer issue, based on the 2D world created by photosynthetic membrane systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Gernot Renger
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P. Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nicol L, Croce R. The PsbS protein and low pH are necessary and sufficient to induce quenching in the light-harvesting complex of plants LHCII. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7415. [PMID: 33795805 PMCID: PMC8016914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is tightly regulated in order to withstand dynamic light environments. Under high light intensities, a mechanism known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) dissipates excess excitation energy, protecting the photosynthetic machinery from damage. An obstacle that lies in the way of understanding the molecular mechanism of NPQ is the large gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. On the one hand, the complexity of the photosynthetic membrane makes it challenging to obtain molecular information from in vivo experiments. On the other hand, a suitable in vitro system for the study of quenching is not available. Here we have developed a minimal NPQ system using proteoliposomes. With this, we demonstrate that the combination of low pH and PsbS is both necessary and sufficient to induce quenching in LHCII, the main antenna complex of plants. This proteoliposome system can be further exploited to gain more insight into how PsbS and other factors (e.g. zeaxanthin) influence the quenching mechanism observed in LHCII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Nicol
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aggregation-related quenching of LHCII fluorescence in liposomes revealed by single-molecule spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 218:112174. [PMID: 33799009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of membrane proteins into reconstituted lipid membranes is a common approach for studying their structure and function relationship in a native-like environment. In this work, we investigated fluorescence properties of liposome-reconstituted major light-harvesting complexes of plants (LHCII). By utilizing liposome labelling with the fluorescent dye molecules and single-molecule microscopy techniques, we were able to study truly liposome-reconstituted LHCII and compare them with bulk measurements and liposome-free LHCII aggregates bound to the surface. Our results showed that fluorescence lifetime obtained in bulk and in single liposome measurements were correlated. The fluorescence lifetimes of LHCII were shorter for liposome-free LHCII than for reconstituted LHCII. In the case of liposome-reconstituted LHCII, fluorescence lifetime showed dependence on the protein density reminiscent to concentration quenching. The dependence of fluorescence lifetime of LHCII on the liposome size was not significant. Our results demonstrated that fluorescence quenching can be induced by LHCII - LHCII interactions in reconstituted membranes, most likely occurring via the same mechanism as photoprotective non-photochemical quenching in vivo.
Collapse
|
16
|
Saccon F, Durchan M, Polívka T, Ruban AV. The robustness of the terminal emitter site in major LHCII complexes controls xanthophyll function during photoprotection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1308-1318. [PMID: 32815966 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophylls in light harvesting complexes perform a number of functions ranging from structural support to light-harvesting and photoprotection. In the major light harvesting complex of photosystem II in plants (LHCII), the innermost xanthophyll binding pockets are occupied by lutein molecules. The conservation of these sites within the LHC protein family suggests their importance in LHCII functionality. In the present work, we induced the photoprotective switch in LHCII isolated from the Arabidopsis mutant npq1lut2, where the lutein molecules are exchanged with violaxanthin. Despite the differences in the energetics of the pigments and the impairment of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in vivo, we show that isolated complexes containing violaxanthin are still able to induce the quenching switch to a similar extent to wild type LHCII monomers. Moreover, the same spectroscopic changes take place, which suggest the involvement of the terminal emitter site (L1) in energy dissipation in both complexes. These results indicate the robust nature of the L1 xanthophyll binding domain in LHCII, where protein structural cues are the major determinant of the function of the bound carotenoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saccon
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Milan Durchan
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road E1 4NS, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saccon F, Durchan M, Bína D, Duffy CD, Ruban AV, Polívka T. A Protein Environment-Modulated Energy Dissipation Channel in LHCII Antenna Complex. iScience 2020; 23:101430. [PMID: 32818906 PMCID: PMC7452274 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) is the main contributor to sunlight energy harvesting in plants. The flexible design of LHCII underlies a photoprotective mechanism whereby this complex switches to a dissipative state in response to high light stress, allowing the rapid dissipation of excess excitation energy (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ). In this work, we locked single LHCII trimers in a quenched conformation after immobilization of the complexes in polyacrylamide gels to impede protein interactions. A comparison of their pigment excited-state dynamics with quenched LHCII aggregates in buffer revealed the presence of a new spectral band at 515 nm arising after chlorophyll excitation. This is suggested to be the signature of a carotenoid excited state, linked to the quenching of chlorophyll singlet excited states. Our data highlight the marked sensitivity of pigment excited-state dynamics in LHCII to structural changes induced by the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saccon
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Milan Durchan
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher D.P. Duffy
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- University of South Bohemia, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ünnep R, Paul S, Zsiros O, Kovács L, Székely NK, Steinbach G, Appavou MS, Porcar L, Holzwarth AR, Garab G, Nagy G. Thylakoid membrane reorganizations revealed by small-angle neutron scattering of Monstera deliciosa leaves associated with non-photochemical quenching. Open Biol 2020; 10:200144. [PMID: 32931722 PMCID: PMC7536078 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants and algae. Although the process is extensively studied, little is known about its relationship with ultrastructural changes of the thylakoid membranes. In order to better understand this relationship, we studied the effects of illumination on the organization of thylakoid membranes in Monstera deliciosa leaves. This evergreen species is known to exhibit very large NPQ and to possess giant grana with dozens of stacked thylakoids. It is thus ideally suited for small-angle neutron scattering measurements (SANS)-a non-invasive technique, which is capable of providing spatially and statistically averaged information on the periodicity of the thylakoid membranes and their rapid reorganizations in vivo. We show that NPQ-inducing illumination causes a strong decrease in the periodic order of granum thylakoid membranes. Development of NPQ and light-induced ultrastructural changes, as well as the relaxation processes, follow similar kinetic patterns. Surprisingly, whereas NPQ is suppressed by diuron, it impedes only the relaxation of the structural changes and not its formation, suggesting that structural changes do not cause but enable NPQ. We also demonstrate that the diminishment of SANS peak does not originate from light-induced redistribution and reorientation of chloroplasts inside the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Ünnep
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Suman Paul
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi K. Székely
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Győző Garab
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, PO Box 176, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ostroumov EE, Götze JP, Reus M, Lambrev PH, Holzwarth AR. Characterization of fluorescent chlorophyll charge-transfer states as intermediates in the excited state quenching of light-harvesting complex II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:171-193. [PMID: 32307623 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is the major antenna complex in higher plants and green algae. It has been suggested that a major part of the excited state energy dissipation in the so-called "non-photochemical quenching" (NPQ) is located in this antenna complex. We have performed an ultrafast kinetics study of the low-energy fluorescent states related to quenching in LHCII in both aggregated and the crystalline form. In both sample types the chlorophyll (Chl) excited states of LHCII are strongly quenched in a similar fashion. Quenching is accompanied by the appearance of new far-red (FR) fluorescence bands from energetically low-lying Chl excited states. The kinetics of quenching, its temperature dependence down to 4 K, and the properties of the FR-emitting states are very similar both in LHCII aggregates and in the crystal. No such FR-emitting states are found in unquenched trimeric LHCII. We conclude that these states represent weakly emitting Chl-Chl charge-transfer (CT) states, whose formation is part of the quenching process. Quantum chemical calculations of the lowest energy exciton and CT states, explicitly including the coupling to the specific protein environment, provide detailed insight into the chemical nature of the CT states and the mechanism of CT quenching. The experimental data combined with the results of the calculations strongly suggest that the quenching mechanism consists of a sequence of two proton-coupled electron transfer steps involving the three quenching center Chls 610/611/612. The FR-emitting CT states are reaction intermediates in this sequence. The polarity-controlled internal reprotonation of the E175/K179 aa pair is suggested as the switch controlling quenching. A unified model is proposed that is able to explain all known conditions of quenching or non-quenching of LHCII, depending on the environment without invoking any major conformational changes of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jan P Götze
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Reus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Alfred R Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wientjes E, Lambrev P. Ultrafast processes in photosynthetic light-harvesting. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:123-125. [PMID: 32346829 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|