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Li A, Lv D, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Zong Y, Shi X, Li P, Hao X. Elevated CO 2 concentration enhances drought resistance of soybean by regulating cell structure, cuticular wax synthesis, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108266. [PMID: 38103338 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric [CO2] and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as drought are increased, leading to uncertainty to soybean production. Elevated [CO2] (eCO2) partially mitigates the adverse effects of drought stress on crop growth and photosynthetic performance, but the mitigative mechanism is not well understood. In this study, soybean seedlings under drought stress simulated by PEG-6000 were grown in climate chambers with different [CO2] (400 μmol mol-1 and 700 μmol mol-1). The changes in anatomical structure, wax content, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme were investigated by the analysis of physiology and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that eCO2 increased the thickness of mesophyll cells and decreased the thickness of epidermal cells accompanied by reduced stomatal conductance, thus reducing water loss in soybean grown under drought stress. Meanwhile, eCO2 up-regulated genes related to wax anabolism, thus producing more epidermal wax. Under drought stress, eCO2 increased net photosynthetic rate (PN), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, and alerted the gene expressions in photosynthesis. The increased sucrose synthesis and decreased sucrose decomposition contributed to the progressive increase in the soluble saccharide contents under drought stress with or without eCO2. In addition, eCO2 increased the expressions of genes associated with peroxidase (POD) and proline (Pro), thus enhancing POD activity and Pro content and improving the drought resistance in soybean. Taken together, these findings deepen our understanding of the effects of eCO2 on alleviating drought stress in soybean and provide potential target genes for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China; Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Danni Lv
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuzheng Zong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinrui Shi
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xingyu Hao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030800, Shanxi, China.
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Qian Y, Xi Y, Xia L, Qiu Z, Liu L, Ma H. Membrane-Bound Transcription Factor ZmNAC074 Positively Regulates Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16157. [PMID: 38003347 PMCID: PMC10671035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops for humans, making a vital contribution to human nutrition and health. However, in recent years, due to the influence of external adverse environments, the yield and quality of maize have been seriously affected. NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) are important plant-unique TFs, which are crucial for regulating the abiotic stress response of plants. Therefore, it is of great biological significance to explore the underlying regulatory function of plant NAC TFs under various abiotic stresses. In this study, wild-type and ZmNAC074-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis were used as experimental materials to dissect the stress-resistant function of ZmNAC074 in transgenic Arabidopsis at phenotypic, physiological and molecular levels. The analyses of seed germination rate, survival rate, phenotype, the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and other physiological indexes induced by distinct abiotic stress conditions showed that overexpression of ZmNAC074 could confer the enhanced resistance of salt, drought, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that ZmNAC074 plays an important regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stress, which provides an important theoretical foundation for further uncovering the molecular regulation mechanism of ZmNAC074 under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexiong Qian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yan Xi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lingxue Xia
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ziling Qiu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Doddrell NH, Lawson T, Raines CA, Wagstaff C, Simkin AJ. Feeding the world: impacts of elevated [CO 2] on nutrient content of greenhouse grown fruit crops and options for future yield gains. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad026. [PMID: 37090096 PMCID: PMC10116952 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Several long-term studies have provided strong support demonstrating that growing crops under elevated [CO2] can increase photosynthesis and result in an increase in yield, flavour and nutritional content (including but not limited to Vitamins C, E and pro-vitamin A). In the case of tomato, increases in yield by as much as 80% are observed when plants are cultivated at 1000 ppm [CO2], which is consistent with current commercial greenhouse production methods in the tomato fruit industry. These results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for elevating [CO2] for improving yield and quality in greenhouse crops. The major focus of this review is to bring together 50 years of observations evaluating the impact of elevated [CO2] on fruit yield and fruit nutritional quality. In the final section, we consider the need to engineer improvements to photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation to allow plants to take greater advantage of elevated CO2 growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Doddrell
- NIAB, New Road, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ UK
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 4SQ, UK
| | | | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- NIAB, New Road, East Malling, Kent, ME19 6BJ UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom CT2 7NJ, UK
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Physiological and Antioxidant Response to Different Water Deficit Regimes of Flag Leaves and Ears of Wheat Grown under Combined Elevated CO2 and High Temperature. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182384. [PMID: 36145784 PMCID: PMC9504337 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gazul is a spring wheat widely cultivated in Castilla y León (Spain). Potted plants were grown in a scenario emulating the climate change environmental conditions expected by the end of this century, i.e., with elevated CO2 and high temperature under two water deficit regimes: long (LWD) and terminal (TWD). Changes in biomass and morphology, the content of proline (Pro), ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and enzymatic antioxidant activities were analyzed in flag leaves and ears. Additionally, leaf gas exchange was measured. LWD caused a decrease in biomass and AsA content but an increase in Pro content and catalase and GSH reductase activities in flag leaves, whereas TWD produced no significant changes. Photosynthesis was enhanced under both water deficit regimes. Increase in superoxide dismutase activity and Pro content was only observed in ears under TWD. The lack of a more acute effect of LWD and TWD on both organs was attributed to the ROS relieving effect of elevated CO2. Gazul acted as a drought tolerant variety with anisohydric behavior. A multifactorial analysis showed better adaptation of ears to water deficit than flag leaves, underlining the importance of this finding for breeding programs to improve grain yield under future climate change.
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Inorganic Nitrogen-Containing Aerosol Deposition Caused “Excessive Photosynthesis” of Herbs, Resulting in Increased Nitrogen Demand. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172225. [PMID: 36079607 PMCID: PMC9460276 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The amount of atmospheric nitrogen-containing aerosols has increased dramatically due to the globally rising levels of nitrogen from fertilization and atmospheric deposition. Although the balance of carbon and nitrogen in plants is a crucial component of physiological and biochemical indexes and plays a key role in adaptive regulation, our understanding of how nitrogen-containing aerosols affect this remains limited; in particular, regarding the associated mechanisms. Using a fumigation particle generator, we generated ammonium nitrate solution (in four concentrations of 0, 15, 30, 60 kg N hm−2 year−1) into droplets, in 90% of which the diameters were less than 2.5 μm, in the range of 0.35–4 μm, and fumigated Iris germanica L. and Portulaca grandiflora Hook. for 30 days in April and August. We found that the weight percentage of nitrogen in the upper epidermis, mesophyll tissue, and bulk of leaves decreased significantly with the N addition rate, which caused a decrease of carbon:nitrogen ratio, due to the enhanced net photosynthetic rate. Compared with Portulaca grandiflora Hook., Iris germanica L. responded more significantly to the disturbance of N addition, resulting in a decrease in the weight percentage of nitrogen in the roots, due to a lower nitrogen use efficiency. In addition, the superoxide dismutase activity of the two plants was inhibited with a higher concentration of nitrogen sol; a reduction of superoxide dismutase activity in plants means that the resistance of plants to various environmental stresses is reduced, and this decrease in superoxide dismutase activity may be related to ROS signaling. The results suggest that inorganic nitrogen-containing aerosols caused excessive stress to plants, especially for Iris germanica L.
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Liu C, Wu Z, Hu Z, Yin N, Islam ARMT, Wei Z. Characteristics and influencing factors of carbon fluxes in winter wheat fields under elevated CO 2 concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119480. [PMID: 35588957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated carbon dioxide (ECO2) concentration has profound impacts on ecosystem carbon fluxes, with consequent changes in carbon sequestration and its feedback to climate change. Agroecosystem plays an essential role in global carbon sequestration. However, it is not well understood how the carbon fluxes of agroecosystem respond to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In this study, an in-situ 2-year field experiment was conducted using open-top chamber with treatments including ambient CO2 concentration (CK) and ambient plus 200 μmol mol-1 (T) to investigate the characteristics and main factors influencing carbon fluxes during the 2017-2019 winter wheat growing seasons. Results showed that the dynamics of CO2 fluxes under different treatments had similar seasonal trends, with the peak flux observed at the heading-filling stage. Compared to the CK, T treatment increased the cumulative amount of CO2 (CAC) by 17.2% and 24.0% in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons, respectively. In addition, the seasonal CAC was highly dependent on treatment and varied with year, while there was no interactive effect of treatment and year (p > 0.05). ECO2 concentration increased the biomass of wheat by an average of 8.28% over two growing seasons. There was a significant positive correlation between biomass and CAC, with biomass elucidating 52% and 76% of the variations in CAC under CK and T treatments, respectively. A good correlation was found between net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and environmental variables under different treatments. During the pre-milk ripening period, the NEE mainly depended on photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and air temperature (Ta), while NEE was mainly controlled by PAR and soil water content (SWC) during the post-milk ripening period. Overall, the findings presented here demonstrate that the carbon exchange in wheat fields under different treatments serves as carbon sequestration, while ECO2 concentration enhances the capacity of winter wheat fields to act as carbon sinks, which may have feedback to the climate system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Zhurong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Nan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - A R M Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Zhaowei Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Bahuguna RN, Chaturvedi AK, Pal M, Viswanathan C, Jagadish SVK, Pareek A. Carbon dioxide responsiveness mitigates rice yield loss under high night temperature. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:285-300. [PMID: 34643728 PMCID: PMC8774858 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing night-time temperatures are a major threat to sustaining global rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. A simultaneous increase in [CO2] will lead to an inevitable interaction between elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) and high night temperature (HNT) under current and future climates. Here, we conducted field experiments to identify [CO2] responsiveness from a diverse indica panel comprising 194 genotypes under different planting geometries in 2016. Twenty-three different genotypes were tested under different planting geometries and e[CO2] using a free-air [CO2] enrichment facility in 2017. The most promising genotypes and positive and negative controls were tested under HNT and e[CO2] + HNT in 2018. [CO2] responsiveness, measured as a composite response index on different yield components, grain yield, and photosynthesis, revealed a strong relationship (R2 = 0.71) between low planting density and e[CO2]. The most promising genotypes revealed significantly lower (P < 0.001) impact of HNT in high [CO2] responsive (HCR) genotypes compared to the least [CO2] responsive genotype. [CO2] responsiveness was the major driver determining grain yield and related components in HCR genotypes with a negligible yield loss under HNT. A systematic investigation highlighted that active selection and breeding for [CO2] responsiveness can lead to maintained carbon balance and compensate for HNT-induced yield losses in rice and potentially other C3 crops under current and future warmer climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Centre for Advance Studies on Climate Change, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Land and Water Management Research Group, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode 673571, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Chinnusamy Viswanathan
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- School of Life Sciences, Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Yu L, Dong H, Huang Z, Korpelainen H, Li C. Elevated CO2 causes different growth stimulation, water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies, and leaf ultrastructure responses in two conifer species under intra- and interspecific competition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2082-2095. [PMID: 33891044 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuously increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) has substantial effects on plant growth, and on the composition and structure of forests. However, how plants respond to elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) under intra- and interspecific competition has been largely overlooked. In this study, we employed Abies faxoniana Rehder & Wilson and Picea purpurea Mast. seedlings to explore the effects of e[CO2] (700 p.p.m.) and plant-plant competition on plant growth, physiological and morphological traits, and leaf ultrastructure. We found that e[CO2] stimulated plant growth, photosynthesis and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), affected morphological traits and leaf ultrastructure, and enhanced water- and nitrogen (N)- use efficiencies in A. faxoniana and P. purpurea. Under interspecific competition and e[CO2], P. purpurea showed a higher biomass accumulation, photosynthetic capacity and rate of ectomycorrhizal infection, and higher water- and N-use efficiencies compared with A. faxoniana. However, under intraspecific competition and e[CO2], the two conifers showed no differences in biomass accumulation, photosynthetic capacity, and water- and N-use efficiencies. In addition, under interspecific competition and e[CO2], A. faxoniana exhibited higher NSC levels in leaves as well as more frequent and greater starch granules, which may indicate carbohydrate limitation. Consequently, we concluded that under interspecific competition, P. purpurea possesses a positive growth and adjustment strategy (e.g. a higher photosynthetic capacity and rate of ectomycorrhizal infection, and higher water- and N-use efficiencies), while A. faxoniana likely suffers from carbohydrate limitation to cope with rising [CO2]. Our study highlights that plant-plant competition should be taken into consideration when assessing the impact of rising [CO2] on the plant growth and physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Haojie Dong
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zongdi Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 5 FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhangtang Road 2318, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Modulation of photosynthesis and other proteins during water-stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3681-3693. [PMID: 33856605 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein changes under drought or water stress conditions have been widely investigated. These investigations have given us enormous understanding of how drought is manifested in plants and how plants respond and adopt to such conditions. Chlorophyll fluoroescence, gas exchange, OMICS, biochemical and molecular analyses have shed light on regulation of physiology and photosynthesis of plants under drought. Use of proteomics has greatly increased the repertoire of drought-associated proteins which nevertheless, need to be investigated for their mechanistic and functional roles. Roles of such proteins have been succinctly discussed in various review articles, however more information on their functional role in countering drought is needed. In this review, recent developments in the field, alterations in the abundance of plant proteins in response to drought, monitored through numerous proteomic and immuno-blot analyses, and how these could affect plants growth and development, are discussed.
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