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Wang H, Wang Z, Li X, Liu J. Characteristics and risk factors of Health-Related Risky behaviors in adolescents with Depression. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:34. [PMID: 38500185 PMCID: PMC10949750 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND To explore the characteristics and risk factors for health-related risky behaviours (HRRBs) in adolescents with depression. METHODS A total of 136 adolescents aged 12-18 years who met the diagnostic criteria for depression, and 272 healthy controls. All the subjects were assessed with the Adolescent Health-Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI), and the AHRBI scores of the two groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. The depression group was assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES II-CV). Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to explore the risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression. RESULTS The AHRBI total score and five-factor scores of self-injury and suicide (SS), aggression and violence (AV), rule-breaking (RB), smoking and drinking (SD), and health-compromising behavior (HCB) in the depression group were higher than those in the control group. The severity of anxiety, catastrophizing, cognitive emotional regulation strategy (self-blame and blaming of others), the frequency of depression, physical neglect, and sexual abuse all increased the risk of HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and paternal emotional warmth and understanding had protective effects. CONCLUSION First, depressed adolescents exhibited significantly more HRRBs than healthy adolescents. Second, there are many risk factors for HRRBs in adolescents with depression, and the risk factors for different types of HRRBs are also different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Bejing Huilongguan Hospital, Bejing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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Rohde N. Child gender and differences in risky health behavior among parents. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116474. [PMID: 38091855 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This paper documents differences in health outcomes and behaviors between parents who raise daughters and those who raise sons. Using Australian panel data from 2001 to 2019, we use OLS regression models to show that parents with daughters are physically healthier, a result linked to a reduced tendency to engage in risky behaviors such as binge drinking and smoking. The random nature of child gender implies our outcome gaps are likely to be causal, and the estimates survive a collection of diagnostics related to identification. We search for evidence that these effects occur via a general change in risk aversion, but this hypothesis is not supported. Fathers with daughters are actually more risk-seeking in both their broader life attitudes, and in their views on financial investment. We argue that this heterogeneity may come from a "breadwinner" effect, as part of a set of gender-varying norms around socially acceptable risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rohde
- Department of Accounting, Finance, and Economics, Griffith Business School, Brisbane, Australia.
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Reis LF, Surkan PJ, Atkins K, Garcia-Cerde R, Sanchez ZM. Risk Factors for Early Sexual Intercourse in Adolescence: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01519-8. [PMID: 36966237 PMCID: PMC10039773 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factors related to early sexual intercourse (ESI) among adolescents. We used PRISMA guidelines to identify eligible cohort studies published between January 1999 and December 2020. We searched on three databases: PubMed, Embase and LILACS. Studies were screened for quality and eligibility. Of 2787 identified studies, seven met our inclusion criteria. The studies examined a range of factors, which were organized into four dimensions - individual, family, social and environmental, and sociodemographic. Risk factors with strong associations for ESI were: adolescent and parental substance use, aggression and conduct disorders, family attachment, school achievement, family living situation, and maternal education. Three studies were birth cohorts. This review demonstrates the important roles of substance use, family attachment and academic factors in shaping adolescents' sexual behavior. A strength of this review is its focus on longitudinal studies, enabling exploration of exposures collected before initiation of sexual intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa F Reis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaitlyn Atkins
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Garcia-Cerde
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Nxumalo NC, Shongwe MC, Gwebu N, Ngcamphalala C, Nsibandze BS, Nkambule R, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H. "Our parents kiss in front of us": Reasons for early sexual debut among in-school youth in the Manzini Region in Eswatini. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282828. [PMID: 36897882 PMCID: PMC10004614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early sexual debut (i.e., sex before the age of 15 years), especially if it is unprotected, may increase the risk of acquiring HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and unwanted pregnancies. We investigated the reasons for early sexual debut among in-school youth in Eswatini, a setting with high HIV incidence among youth. METHODS This was a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study whereby data were collected from 81 sexually active in-school youth through seven focus group discussions (FGDs) in four purposively selected public high schools (two urban and two rural) in the Manzini region, Eswatini. In each school, except one, two FGDs (one for boys and one for girls) were conducted. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically in Dedoose version 8.2.14. RESULTS Nearly 40% of the participants reported having initiated sexual activity before 18 years. Six major themes emerged from the data: i) Intrapersonal factors (feeling mature, religiosity, nutritional or dietary patterns); ii) Parenting and household factors (living arrangement, lack of sexuality education, working parents, negative role-modeling from adults); iii) Peer and partner pressure (pressure from friends, threats from sexual partners, intergenerational sexual partnerships and transactional sex, testing sexual prowess, desire to fit in); iv) Contextual factors (neighborhood, location); v) Mass media (cell phone ownership, social media, and television shows or movies); and vi) Cultural factors (attending traditional ceremonies, loss of cultural norms, values, and traditions, and dress code). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The poor monitoring and negative role-modeling by elders highlight the importance of involving parents or guardians as key stakeholders when designing interventions targeting risky sexual behavior among youth. The multifaceted nature of the cited reasons for early sexual debut calls for interventions aimed at curbing risky sexual behavior to be culturally sensitive and responsive to the themes identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomathemba C. Nxumalo
- Health Research Training Program (HRTP), ICAP at Columbia University, Mbabane, Eswatini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Health Nursing Science, University of Eswatini, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - Mduduzi Colani Shongwe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Health Nursing Science, University of Eswatini, Mbabane, Eswatini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery Science, University of Eswatini, Mbabane, Eswatini
- * E-mail:
| | - Nontobeko Gwebu
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | | | - Bonisile S. Nsibandze
- Health Research Training Program (HRTP), ICAP at Columbia University, Mbabane, Eswatini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of General Nursing Science, University of Eswatini, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - Rejoice Nkambule
- Ministry of Health, Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Mbabane, Eswatini
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Ramer NE, Colder CR. The moderating effects of alcohol use with and without parent permission on alcohol risk communication in early adolescence. Addict Behav 2022; 126:107174. [PMID: 34776304 PMCID: PMC10120918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of parental alcohol risk communication (ARC) is considered an integral component of socializing youth about alcohol, but the literature offers mixed findings on whether such communication is protective. Early adolescents' prior drinking experiences may moderate the effectiveness of ARC, but evidence for such an interaction is inconsistent. One limitation of this work considering prior drinking experience is that it has not distinguished drinking with versus without parental permission. Parents are one of the earliest sources of information about alcohol use and many parents view allowing adolescents to drink alcohol with permission as a harm reduction strategy, despite some work suggesting the opposite effect. Using a random effects multilevel regression, we tested the unique moderating effects of drinking with and without parental permission on the prospective association between alcohol risk communication and later drinking without parental permission. Adolescent and parent dyads completed 3 annual assessments (first assessment mean age = 12.6, 52% girls, 76% White/non-Hispanic). Results supported a three-way interaction. There was a modest protective effect of parental ARC on later adolescent drinking, but only for adolescents who had prior experience drinking both with and without parental permission. For all other combinations of prior drinking experience, parental communication was not prospectively related to later drinking. These results help clarify the mixed literature on alcohol communication and suggests that ARC may help reduce some of the risk associated with allowing youth to drink alcohol but only for youth who also have experience with alcohol outside of parental supervision.
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Or PPL, Ching PTY, Chung JWY. Can Flu-Like Absenteeism in Kindergartens Be Reduced Through Hand Hygiene Training for Both Parents and Their Kindergarteners? J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 11:2150132719901209. [PMID: 31948327 PMCID: PMC6970472 DOI: 10.1177/2150132719901209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hand hygiene has been found as an effective method to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Parents, however, were found to have inadequate knowledge, reporting skills, and parenting practices related to seasonal influenza. The aim of our study was to investigate if there was any correlation between the flu infection among parents and their kindergarteners and ascertain the effectiveness of using hand hygiene interventions in kindergartens to lower kindergarteners’ absenteeism attributable to seasonal flu. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. Fifteen kindergartens were randomly selected from the kindergarten lists in different districts displayed on the Hong Kong government website. From these 15 kindergartens, parents and their kindergarteners were then randomly selected to participate in our hand hygiene program. To support the validity of the program, the WHO hand hygiene checklist was used to ensure sufficient coverage of the objectives. All kindergarteners attended 45-minute session for 4 weeks, while their parents attended a separate session lasting 1 hour. Parents monitored their kindergartners on a daily basis for any flu symptoms and kindergartens monitored their school attendance. Results: The study results showed that kindergarteners with strong parenting and proper hand hygiene compliance had fewer recorded signs and symptoms of flu-like illnesses. Our findings also showed that the kindergarteners’ absence rates in all participating kindergartens owing to flu decreased from 21.5% to 12% of the study period in 3 months. Conclusion: It was found that the flu infection rates of the parents and their kindergarteners were significantly correlated with P = .005. The awareness and personal hygiene skills of the parents and kindergarteners were both raised after the program. The findings in this study supported that positive parenting on hand hygiene can help reduce kindergarteners’ flu-like absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Pui-Lai Or
- The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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Fajria L, Irawati N, Malini H, Mudjiran M, Refnandes R. Adolescents’ Risk of Different Sexual Orientation Tendency in Terms of Family Factors (Case Study in Padang and Agam Regency). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the transition period, in adolescents occur the process of physical, cognitive, and social maturation. This period is essential in the formation of sexual identity, which related to gender and sexual orientation. Improper sexual identities will provoke sexual behavior problems. The problems with sexual behavior begin from differences in sexual orientation with a sexual orientation generally accepted by the public (heterosexual). In some adolescents, there is a change in sexual orientation that leads to homosexuality. The factors that play a significant role in adolescent sexual orientation are parenting.
AIM: This study aimed to examine the risk of different sexual orientation tendencies in adolescents and the families’ factors in West Sumatra.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study’s design was a cross-sectional study with 532 adolescents aged 13–18 years old as the respondents. It took 3 months to research by using a questionnaire as the instrument. The questionnaire’s data were analyzed using Chi-square.
RESULTS: The results showed that the risk of different sexual behaviors in adolescents was 59.4% normal tendency, 26.7% low tendency, and 13.9% high tendency. Furthermore, family factors related significantly to the risk of different sexual behavior tendencies were gender and family intimacy factors (p < 0.05), while age, family type factors, and family income factors (p > 0.05) are not significantly related.
CONCLUSION: Based on that, it concluded that the parents expected to develop closer relationships with family members.
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Pilin MA, Robinson JM, Dow-Fleisner S, Sanchez TA, Krank MD. Automatic cognitions as mediators of parental influence on adolescent cannabis use. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106728. [PMID: 33234361 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple social influences affect cannabis use in adolescents, including parental and peer cannabis use norms. However, the mechanisms of influence underlying these social influences remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that cognitions about cannabis use and the effects of cannabis may mediate social influences. The current study explored the relationship between automatic self-generated cognitions and their relationship with parental influences on cannabis use in a sample of n = 675 11 to 16-year-old adolescents over three years (Mean Age: 13.96, SD = 0.88, 56.4% female). METHODS Participants reported perceptions of parental cannabis use and completed a cannabis word association task (CWAT), an open-ended cannabis outcome expectancy liking (COEL) task, and measures of cannabis use in the past year. RESULTS Perceived parental use did not directly predict cannabis use two years later. However, a latent construct loading on both CWAT and COEL scores strongly predicted cannabis use over the following year. Structural modelling demonstrated that the association between previous cannabis use and parental cannabis use and adolescents' cannabis use over the next two years was fully mediated by cognitions. CONCLUSION The results of the study are discussed and interpreted through the lens of dual-process theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Pilin
- University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Jill M Robinson
- University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sarah Dow-Fleisner
- University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Tatiana A Sanchez
- University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Marvin D Krank
- University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Koning I, de Looze M, Harakeh Z. Parental alcohol-specific rules effectively reduce adolescents' tobacco and cannabis use: A longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108226. [PMID: 32853999 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aimed to longitudinally examine the direct and indirect effects (via alcohol use) of parental alcohol-specific rule-setting on adolescent tobacco and cannabis use. Based on the gateway hypothesis, we expected parental alcohol-specific rules to affect adolescent tobacco and cannabis use through adolescent alcohol use. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A longitudinal design including three waves and 906 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 13.51 years, SD = 0.60) was used to apply zero-inflated Poisson models (ZIP). MEASUREMENTS Self-report questionnaires measured adolescents' perceived rules about alcohol at T1, cigarette use at T1 and T3 (frequency of life-time and current smoking), cannabis use at T1/T3 (frequency of yearly and monthly use) and frequency of monthly alcohol use at T1/T2. FINDINGS Stricter alcohol-specific rules at T1 predicted lower incidence and prevalence rates of cigarette (life-time: β = -0.20, p < .00; current: β = -0.21, p = .04) and cannabis use (monthly: β = -0.43, p = .02; yearly: β = -0.28, p = .19) two years later (T3). This direct effect was no longer significant when alcohol use at T1 was controlled for. Moreover, a significant indirect effect of alcohol-specific rules at T1 on tobacco and cannabis use T3 via monthly alcohol use T2 was found. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that strict rules regarding alcohol may not only reduce alcohol but subsequently also other substance use such as tobacco and cannabis. Thus, interventions targeting the prevention of alcohol use, which appears to serve as a gateway, also affects the involvement in other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Koning
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Margaretha de Looze
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zeena Harakeh
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Barragán V, Berenzon S, Tiburcio M, Bustos M, Villatoro J. Factors Associated with Sexual Debut in Mexican Adolescents: Results of the National Survey on Drug Use among Students in 2014. J Sex Med 2020; 16:418-426. [PMID: 30846115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although first sexual experience (understood as first sexual intercourse) is one of the most commonly assessed characteristics of adolescents, recent research emphasizes the importance of understanding other related social factors. This study highlights factors associated with first sexual experience in a nationally representative sample of adolescent students in Mexico. AIMS The goals of this study were (i) to determine the proportion of adolescents aged 12-17 who had had their first sexual experience; (ii) to identify the factors associated with first sexual experience; and (iii) to analyze the conditions (condom use, substance use) in which first sexual experience takes place. METHOD The data presented in this study are drawn from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use in Students (Spanish acronym ENCODE), undertaken with the purpose of identifying the prevalence of drug use and associated variables, including sexual activity, in Mexican students. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the probability of first sexual experience at a given age, taking sex as an outcome variable and age as a follow-up period. Logistic regression was used to assess possible factors for sexual initiation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Validated standard questionnaires were used to assess sociodemographic characteristics, first sexual experience (framed as first sexual intercourse), frequency of sexual relations, sexual partners, sexual preference (framed as preferred sex of partners), substance use, having a physical illness or a behavioral problem, condom or other contraceptive use, as well as the absence or presence of parents, parents' educational attainment, and parents' substance use. RESULTS A total of 26,187 students aged 12-17 participated. Of this total, 14.8% had already had their first sexual experience, at a median age of 15; 64.5% used some type of contraceptive, and 53.2% used condoms. Proportional probabilities for having first sexual experience using age as a follow-up period showed that the probability of having sex earlier was higher among boys than girls: the probability of having sex at age of 15 was 26.5% for boys and 13.9% for girls. Predictors of first sexual experience included substance use (alcohol OR = 2.5, tobacco OR = 2.6, and other drugs OR = 2.3), having a mother who used drugs (OR= 2.2), sexual preference (female homosexual, OR = 2.2), and sex (male, OR = 2.1). CONCLUSIONS Boys are more likely to have had a first sexual experience than girls. Future strategies should incorporate specifically targeted elements with different messages that consider adolescents' sex and age. Barragán V, Berenzon S, Tiburcio M, et al. Factors Associated with Sexual Debut in Mexican Adolescents: Results of the National Survey on Drug Use among Students in 2014. J Sex Med 2019;16:418-426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Barragán
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shoshana Berenzon
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Psychiatry Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Tiburcio
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Psychiatry Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marycarmen Bustos
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Psychiatry Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Villatoro
- Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Psychiatry Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Turner CM, Ahern J, Santos GM, Arayasirikul S, Wilson EC. Parent/Caregiver Responses to Gender Identity Associated With HIV-Related Sexual Risk Behavior Among Young Trans Women in San Francisco. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:491-497. [PMID: 31303553 PMCID: PMC6755058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young trans women (YTW) carry a disproportionate burden of HIV. The developmental context of HIV risk for YTW is underexamined. The aim of this analysis was to examine whether parent/caregiver responses to gender identity were associated with engagement in HIV-related sexual risk behavior for YTW and whether these associations varied by racial/ethnic identity or age. METHODS Baseline data from the SHINE study (n = 300) at San Francisco Department of Public Health (2012-2014) were analyzed. Multivariable Poisson binomial regression models characterized relationships between parent/caregiver responses to gender identity and HIV-related sexual risk behaviors, adjusting for select participant demographics. Statistically significant interactions (by race/ethnicity or age) were plotted using marginal predicted probabilities of sexual risk behaviors. RESULTS Thirty-seven percent of YTW engaged in any condomless anal intercourse; 12% reported income from sex work in the last month. Ever moving away from family and friends because of gender identity was associated with condomless anal intercourse (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.92, p = .01) and sex work (PR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.14-3.75, p=.02). Ever receiving poor treatment from parents/caregivers because of gender identity was associated with sex work (PR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.52-7.95, p < .01). Greater parent/caregiver acceptance of gender identity was associated with lower adjusted prevalence of condomless anal intercourse for Hispanic/Latinx YTW. CONCLUSIONS Negative parent/caregiver exposures related to YTW's gender identities were associated with increased HIV-related sexual risk behaviors, whereas parent/caregiver acceptance of gender identity was protective against condomless anal intercourse for Hispanic/Latinx YTW. There is a need for additional studies that inform interventions for YTW focusing on parent/caregiver relationships to prevent HIV-related risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Turner
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jennifer Ahern
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley,
CA
| | - Glenn-Milo Santos
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA,Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sean Arayasirikul
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA
| | - Erin C. Wilson
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA
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Mak YW, Leung D, Loke AY. The vulnerability to alcohol, tobacco, and drug use of adolescents in Hong Kong: a phenomenological study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:303. [PMID: 31477051 PMCID: PMC6717961 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Hong Kong, the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) is associated with strong peer influences; frequently absent parents; academic pressures; and a lack of interpersonal skills to cope with stress and conflict. It is posited that this social context alters the nature of the adolescent risk of using ATOD. The study aimed to explore how social interactions in their local context shape experiences of adolescents who smoke or use alcohol with their parents and other significant people (e.g., teachers, peers) in their lives. RESULTS The participants consistently indicated that the communication of risk was fundamentally influenced by the attachment between the primary parent(s) and the child. In secure attachments, parents could positively discourage ATOD use by instilling fear or expressing regret or disappointment over its use. However, some parents expressed an overly permissive attitude about ATOD use, or stated that they had a limited ability to influence their child, or that the harm arising from their child's use of ATOD would be minimal. Under these conditions, the authors posited that the potential influence of peers to disrupt parental attachments was stronger. CONCLUSIONS Descriptive phenomenology was adopted in this study and Colaizzi's method was used to analyse the collected data. Focus group interviews were conducted with 45 adolescents, 11 parents, and 22 school teachers and social workers in two districts in Hong Kong. A secure attachment between a parent and a child enhances the child's sense of self-efficacy in avoiding addictive behaviours such as ATOD use. In contrast, insecure parent-child attachments may trigger children to resist social norms, and disrupt their parental attachments. In these instances, parents may inadvertently convey the message that their children do not need protection from the risks of using ATOD. The key findings suggest that reinforcing secure parental attachments, as well as emphasizing how messages of vulnerability to ATOD are conveyed, may counter balance pressures (including peer influence) to use these substances. Further research is needed to uncover mechanisms of communication that add to the vulnerability of adolescents to using ATOD, and to the negative long-term consequences from ATOD use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yim Wah Mak
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Doris Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Alice Yuen Loke
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
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Xie H, Weybright EH, Caldwell LL, Wegner L, Smith EA. Parenting Practice, Leisure Experience, and Substance Use Among South African Adolescents. JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH 2019; 51:36-55. [PMID: 32981966 PMCID: PMC7518372 DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2019.1620144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of parents' role in positive youth/adolescent development through leisure in developing countries. Using a sample of 6626 8th grade students in South Africa, this study examined the interrelationships among parenting practice, adolescents' leisure experience, and substance use. Results of structural equation modeling showed that parental leisure involvement was associated with less substance use, while parental leisure over-control was associated with greater substance use. The relationship of parental leisure involvement to substance use was mediated by healthy leisure engagement. The relationship of parental leisure over-control to substance use, on the other hand, was mediated by leisure boredom and healthy leisure engagement. The model path coefficients had little variation between genders and socioeconomic groups except that parental leisure over-control had a stronger positive relationship with leisure boredom for males than females. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Corresponding Author , Phone: (818) 677-5896; Fax: (818) 677-2695
| | | | - Linda L. Caldwell
- The Pennsylvania State University, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Lisa Wegner
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Edward A. Smith
- The Pennsylvania State University, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
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Kwong JL, Klinger DA, Janssen I, Pickett W. Derivation of some contemporary scales to measure adolescent risk-taking in Canada. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:137-147. [PMID: 29067490 PMCID: PMC5766718 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To derive a contemporary series of composite indicators of adolescent risk-taking, inspired by the US CDC Framework and Problem Behaviour Theory. METHODS Factor analyses were performed on 28-risk behaviours in a nationally representative sample of 30,096 Grades 6-10 students from the 2014 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. RESULTS Three composite indicators emerged from our analysis: (1) Overt Risk-Taking (i.e., substance use, caffeinated energy drink consumption, fighting, and risky sexual behaviour), (2) Aversion to a Healthy Lifestyle (i.e., physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable consumption), and (3) Screen Time Syndrome (i.e., abnormally high screen time use combined with unhealthy snacking). These three composite indicators of risk-taking were observed consistently with strong psychometric properties across different grade groups (6-8, 9-10). CONCLUSIONS The three composite indicators of adolescent risk-taking each draw from multiple domains within the CDC framework, and support a novel, empirically directed approach of conceptualizing multiple risk behaviours among adolescents. The measures also highlight the breadth and diversity of risk behaviour engagement among Canadian adolescents. Research and preventive interventions should simultaneously consider the related behaviours within each of these composite indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Kwong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Caruthers Hall, 2nd Floor, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Don A Klinger
- Faculty of Education, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Caruthers Hall, 2nd Floor, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Caruthers Hall, 2nd Floor, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Napper LE, Froidevaux NM, LaBrie JW. Being Blunt About Marijuana: Parent Communication About Marijuana with Their Emerging Adult Children. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 17:882-91. [PMID: 27438296 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
While research suggests that parents continue to influence students' marijuana use after matriculation to college, there is limited data examining how parents communicate about marijuana use and what impact parent marijuana communication has on college student outcomes. The aim of the current study is to investigate the types of parent marijuana messages that college students receive and the relationship between parent communication and students' marijuana attitudes and behaviors. Students (N = 506) completed a survey assessing marijuana approval, use, negative consequences, and parent communication. A factor analysis of parent communication items yielded three factors: risk communication, permissive communication, and marijuana use communication. Risk communication was the most common form of communication. In multivariate models, risk communication was associated with increased odds of a student remaining abstinent but not with frequency of marijuana use or negative consequences. Greater permissive communication was associated with more approving student attitudes, greater odds of non-abstinence, more frequent use in the past year, and more negative consequences. These findings highlight the need to consider the different types of messages parents deliver when designing interventions aimed at engaging parents in marijuana prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Napper
- Department of Psychology, and Health, Medicine, and Society Program, Lehigh University, 17 Memorial Drive East, Chandler-Ullmann Hall, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Nicole M Froidevaux
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
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García-Moya I, Ortiz Barón MJ, Moreno C. Emotional and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Drunkenness and the Use of Tobacco and Cannabis in Adolescence: Independent or Interactive Effects? Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:1039-1050. [PMID: 28323506 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1271431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous research has examined emotional and psychosocial factors associated with substance use, there is a paucity of studies examining both at the same time, and insufficient attention has been paid to how these factors may interact. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to simultaneously examine the contributions from emotional (emotional control and depression) and psychosocial (peers' conventional behavior, peers' substance use and parent-child relationships) factors to drunkenness and the use of tobacco and cannabis in adolescence. METHODS Sample consisted of 1,752 adolescents aged 15 to 16 years who had participated in the 2014 edition of the WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey in Spain. Data were collected by means of anonymous online questionnaires, and hierarchical multiple regression models (with sex and age as controls and including interactions among the examined predictors) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Emotional and psychosocial factors showed significant interactive effects on substance use. Emotional control, which tended to buffer the effects of potential risk factors, and peers' substance use were consistent predictors of substance use. In contrast, the role of other factors depended on the substance under study, with depression and peers' conventional behavior being part of interactive terms for tobacco use and cannabis use only, and the quality of parent-child relationships being absent from the final model on cannabis use. Conclusions/Importance: Exploring interactions and potential substance-specific effects is fundamental to reach a better understanding of how emotional and psychosocial factors work in concert relative to substance use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene García-Moya
- a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , University of Seville , Seville , Spain
| | - María José Ortiz Barón
- b Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development , University of Basque Country , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno
- a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , University of Seville , Seville , Spain
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17
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Templeton M, Lohan M, Kelly C, Lundy L. A systematic review and qualitative synthesis of adolescents' views of sexual readiness. J Adv Nurs 2016; 73:1288-1301. [PMID: 27862186 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to synthesize the qualitative evidence investigating adolescents' views on heterosexual readiness. BACKGROUND Adolescents' understandings of sexual readiness are often missing in research and debates on sexual health and related concepts like sexual consent. Research to date has predominantly focussed on age and socio-cultural predictors of sexual debut, thus failing to explain how adolescents themselves conceptualize their readiness for heterosexual relations. DESIGN A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Psychinfo, PubMed, Web of science were searched, 1985-Feb 2016. REVIEW METHODS Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess methodological quality. A thematic synthesis focused on commonalities and variations in the data from included studies on adolescents' perspectives of their readiness for sex. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included. Themes identified were: social learning, relationships and implications for sexual health promotion and practice. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents may not view initiating sex as problematic, focusing instead on the rewards sex brings and less on health concerns. Adolescents tend to reproduce dominant gender norms of masculinity and femininity in communication about sexual decision-making, which are sometimes influenced by social scripts of career aspirations and ethnic identity. Age was also significant in adolescents' accounts. Early adolescence is a critical period when understandings of gender equality become embedded, thus an opportunity to engage adolescents in critiquing ideas about gender equality and sexual rights. Further research exploring adolescents' understandings of sexual readiness is required. We recommend a participatory approach to support the inclusion of adolescent voices to inform contextually relevant sexual health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lohan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Carmel Kelly
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Laura Lundy
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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Donaldson CD, Handren LM, Crano WD. The Enduring Impact of Parents' Monitoring, Warmth, Expectancies, and Alcohol Use on Their Children's Future Binge Drinking and Arrests: a Longitudinal Analysis. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:606-14. [PMID: 27178008 PMCID: PMC5901752 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is associated with many health and financial costs and is linked to risks of legal consequences. As alcohol use typically is initiated during adolescence, the current study assessed the relationship between parental behaviors and strategies in forecasting adolescents' likelihood of binge drinking and later arrest. Restricted data from waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to assess hypotheses. A weighted path analytic model (N = 9421) provided a multifaceted picture of variables linked to later antisocial behavior. Low parental monitoring, low parental warmth, parent alcohol use, and parent expectancies regarding their children's alcohol use were associated with higher incidence of adolescent binge drinking. In turn, low monitoring, low warmth, parent alcohol use, parent expectancies, and underage consumption were associated with binge drinking in early adulthood. Binge drinking during both adolescence and young adulthood were predictive of respondents' likelihood of arrest 8-14 years later. Findings demonstrated the substantial, enduring effects of parental behaviors on child alcohol-related actions and have implications for parent-targeted interventions designed to reduce excessive alcohol consumption. They suggest campaigns focus on parenting strategies that involve setting effective and strict alcohol-related rules and guidelines, while maintaining a warm and supportive family environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice D Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Handren
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - William D Crano
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
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Koning IM, Vollebergh WAM. Secondary Effects of an Alcohol Prevention Program Targeting Students and/or Parents. J Subst Abuse Treat 2016; 67:55-60. [PMID: 27296663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The secondary effects of an alcohol prevention program (PAS) on onset of weekly smoking and monthly cannabis use are examined among >3000 Dutch early adolescents (M age=12.64) randomized over four conditions: 1) parent intervention (PI), 2) student intervention (SI), 3) combined intervention (CI) and 4) control condition (CC). Rules about alcohol, alcohol use, and adolescents' self-control were investigated as possible mediators. PI had a marginal aversive effect, slightly increasing the risk of beginning to smoke at T1, and increased the likelihood of beginning to use cannabis use at T1 and T2. SI delayed the onset of monthly cannabis use at T3. CI increased the risk to use cannabis at T3. No mediational processes were found. In conclusion, though this study show mixed results, negative side effects of the PI were found, particularly at earlier ages. Moreover, these results indicate the need for multi-target interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina M Koning
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Segrott J, Rothwell H, Hewitt G, Playle R, Huang C, Murphy S, Moore L, Hickman M, Reed H. Preventing alcohol misuse in young people: an exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3310/phr03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInvolvement of parents/carers may increase the effectiveness of primary school-based alcohol-misuse prevention projects. However, few interventions have been designed for pre-adolescent children, or specifically involve parents/carers. The Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme in primary schools aimed to reduce alcohol misuse through such an approach.ObjectiveTo determine the value and feasibility of conducting an effectiveness trial of KAT.DesignParallel-group cluster randomised exploratory trial with an embedded process evaluation. Schools were the unit of randomisation.SettingPrimary schools (n = 9) in south Wales, UK.ParticipantsPupils in Year 5/6 (aged 9–11 years) and their parents/carers; school staff.InterventionThe Kids, Adults Together programme consisted of (1) classwork addressing the effects of alcohol; (2) a family event for children and parents/carers; and (3) a ‘goody bag’ containing fun items, including a digital versatile disc (DVD) for families to watch together. The intervention comprised KAT plus existing alcohol-related activities and lessons. Control-group schools continued with existing alcohol-related lessons and activities.Main outcome measuresKey outcomes related to the progression criteria for a potential future effectiveness trial. These included the acceptability, participation equity, feasibility and implementation of KAT; the recruitment and retention of research participants; and the acceptability and feasibility of research processes, including data collection methods and outcome measures.ResultsNine schools (free school meal entitlement ranging from 1% to 37.2%) participated. Two of five intervention schools withdrew but all four control schools were retained, and these seven schools facilitated all research data collections. Programme acceptability and participation rates were high in all three intervention schools (parent/carer participation rates ranged from 45.1% to 65.7%), although implementation quality varied. At baseline, approximately 75% of eligible children (n = 418) provided data, of whom 257 also provided data at follow-up. Only 27 parents/carers (estimated response rate 6.5%) completed interviews. Most children were willing to complete questionnaires but measures were not appropriate for this age group. Measures of alcohol consumption produced inconsistent responses. Intermediate outcomes on family communication showed no evidence of intervention effectiveness.ConclusionsIn the three schools that received the KAT intervention, it was found to be acceptable to schools and pupils and there were good levels of participation from parents/carers from across a range of socioeconomic groups. However, two intervention schools withdrew from the trial. Findings from intermediate outcomes on family communication did not support programme theory. In addition, the study highlighted challenges in identifying suitable outcome measures for children aged 9–11 years and the feasibility of long-term follow-up via secondary schools.Future workIt would not be appropriate to proceed to an effectiveness trial of KAT. There are doubts/uncertainties about the potential effects of KAT; suitability of measures; the large number of schools which would be required for an effectiveness trial of KAT, and the cost of this; feasibility of follow-up in secondary schools; and programme implementation and theory. There is a need to develop and validate measures for children aged 9–11 years; to test the feasibility of follow-up data collection methods in secondary schools; and to further consider sample size requirements and feasibility.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN80672127.FundingThe exploratory trial of this project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme and the process evaluation was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The work was undertaken with the support of The Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Joint funding (MR/KO232331/1) from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, the Welsh Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged. This project will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 3, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Segrott
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Heather Rothwell
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gillian Hewitt
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebecca Playle
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chao Huang
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laurence Moore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hayley Reed
- Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UKCRC Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Al-Zalabani AH. Family Context Factors and the Risk of Smoking among Male Adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5847-52. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Verhagen CE, Uitenbroek DG, Schreuders EJ, El Messaoudi S, de Kroon MLA. Does a reduction in alcohol use by Dutch high school students relate to higher use of tobacco and cannabis? BMC Public Health 2015; 15:821. [PMID: 26306998 PMCID: PMC4549080 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substance use of adolescents was investigated in a region around Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in the period 2005–2009. The study was intended to find out to what extent behaviour related to different substances are interrelated and how trends develop in different subgroups. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted among Dutch students in the second and fourth year of secondary school, aged 13-16 [n = 1,854 in 2005; n = 2,088 in 2009] by making use of an online questionnaire including questions about alcohol consumption, tobacco use (smoking behaviour) and cannabis use. Two educational levels were included. Results Decreases in alcohol consumption, tobacco and cannabis use were found between 2005 and 2009. The strongest decline was seen in alcohol consumption. Last month drinking decreased from 61.8 % in 2005 to 36.5 % in 2009. Last month binge drinking decreased from 38.7 % in 2005 to 24.0 % in 2009. Reduced alcohol consumption was found among boys and girls, for all ages and in both educational levels. Changes were strongest among 13-year-olds. Weekly or daily smoking declined between 2005 and 2009 among 13-year-olds, girls and students in the lower schooling level. Last month cannabis use decreased among girls and students in the higher schooling level. In both 2005 and 2009 clustering with alcohol consumption was found for the use of other substances. Conclusions Between 2005 and 2009 alcohol consumption strongly decreased among high school students. This may be due to the national prevention campaign which in the same period highlighted the importance of not drinking before the age of 16. The decrease in smoking and cannabis use between 2005 and 2009 may be due to clustering with alcohol consumption. A reduction in the use of alcohol in adolescence did not lead to replacement by tobacco or cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Verhagen
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Daan G Uitenbroek
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Emilie J Schreuders
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabah El Messaoudi
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlou L A de Kroon
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Berge J, Sundell K, Öjehagen A, Höglund P, Håkansson A. Parental Awareness of Substance Use Among Adolescents in a Junior High School Sample. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042615580989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies assessing parental awareness of adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and drug use in the general adolescent population. A total of 1,426 adolescents aged 14 to 16, and their parents, answered questions about adolescent substance use annually during junior high school. Sensitivity for parental report of adolescent substance use was low: 5.6% to 26% for drunkenness, 14.3% to 20.6% for cigarettes, and 4.9% to 12% for illicit drugs. Higher age and higher frequency of use were positively associated with parental awareness of drunkenness and cigarette use. Female sex was associated with higher parental awareness of drunkenness. Higher school performance was negatively associated with parental awareness of drunkenness in Grade 9 and with cigarette use in Grades 8 to 9. Parental awareness of adolescent drunkenness, and cigarette and illicit drug use in the general population is low. Factors of importance for parental awareness are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Knut Sundell
- National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vermeulen-Smit E, Verdurmen JEE, Engels RCME, Vollebergh WAM. The role of general parenting and cannabis-specific parenting practices in adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 147:222-8. [PMID: 25500130 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate general and cannabis-specific parenting practices in relation to adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use. METHODS Data were derived from the Dutch National School Survey on Substance Use among students (N=3209; aged 12-16 years) and one of their parents in 2011. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses revealed that 1) parental cannabis use was significantly related to more adolescent lifetime and recent cannabis use, and 2) restrictive cannabis-specific parental rules were associated with less adolescent recent cannabis and lifetime use of other illicit drugs, even when controlled for sociodemographic factors, general parenting, adolescent tobacco use, and tobacco-specific parenting. In addition, no significant interaction was observed between parental cannabis use and cannabis-specific rules in their relation to adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use, indicating that cannabis rules are evenly associated with adolescent drug use for families with and without parental cannabis experience. CONCLUSIONS In addition to general parenting practices, restrictive cannabis-specific rules are related to lower adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug rates. Parents who ever used cannabis have children with a higher prevalence of cannabis use. However, their restrictive cannabis-specific rules are equally related to a lower chance of adolescent cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vermeulen-Smit
- Monitoring and Epidemiology Department, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J E E Verdurmen
- Monitoring and Epidemiology Department, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - R C M E Engels
- Monitoring and Epidemiology Department, Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), P.O. Box 725, 3500 AS Utrecht, The Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - W A M Vollebergh
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Presson CC, Chassin L, Macy JT. Parent-adolescent drug use discussions: studying content and affective processes. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:721-2. [PMID: 25459226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clark C Presson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Jonathan T Macy
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana
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