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Fazel MF, Abu IF, Mohamad MHN, Mat Daud NA, Hasan AN, Aboo Bakkar Z, Md Khir MAN, Juliana N, Das S, Mohd Razali MR, Zainal Baharin NH, Ismail AA. Physicochemistry, Nutritional, and Therapeutic Potential of Ficus carica - A Promising Nutraceutical. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1947-1968. [PMID: 38831870 PMCID: PMC11146627 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s436446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In an era where synthetic supplements have raised concerns regarding their effects on human health, Ficus carica has emerged as a natural alternative rich in polyphenolic compounds with potent therapeutic properties. Various studies on F. carica focusing on the analysis and validation of its pharmacological and nutritional properties are emerging. This paper summarizes present data and information on the phytochemical, nutritional values, therapeutic potential, as well as the toxicity profile of F. carica. An extensive search was conducted from various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of 126 studies and articles related to F. carica that were published between 1999 and 2023 were included in this review. Remarkably, F. carica exhibits a diverse array of advantageous effects, including, but not limited to, antioxidant, anti-neurodegenerative, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-angiogenic, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, and antimutagenic properties. Among the highlights include that antioxidants from F. carica were demonstrated to inhibit cholinesterase, potentially protecting neurons in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions. The antimicrobial activities of F. carica were attributed to its high flavonoids and terpenoids content, while its virucidal action through the inhibition of DNA and RNA replication was postulated due to its triterpenes content. Inflammatory and arthritic conditions may also benefit from its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties through the modulation of various signalling proteins. Studies have also shown that F. carica extracts were generally safe and exhibit low toxicity profile, although more research in this aspect is required, specifically its effects on the skin. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of F. carica as a valuable natural therapeutic agent and dietary supplement. However, continued exploration on F. carica's safety and efficacy is still required prior to embarking on clinical trials, as its role in personalized nutrition and medication will open a new paradigm to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fattah Fazel
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Haiqal Nizar Mohamad
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - Noor Arniwati Mat Daud
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Najib Hasan
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainie Aboo Bakkar
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Alif Naim Md Khir
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Murugan R, Haridevamuthu B, Gopinath P, Rajagopal R, Arokiyaraj S, Arockiaraj J. Deacetylepoxyazadiradione ameliorates diabesity in in-vivo zebrafish larval model by influencing the level of regulatory adipokines and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176214. [PMID: 37992886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes constitute significant global health issues associated with one another. In contrast to diabetes, which is characterised by oxidative stress that enhances cellular damage and the following complications. Obesity dynamics involve chronic inflammation that promotes insulin resistance and metabolic disruptions. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, therefore, hold promise for synergistic effects, addressing inflammation and oxidative stress, key factors in managing obesity and diabetes. These agents can be utilized in novel drug delivery approaches. The complex interactions between deacetylepoxyazadiradione (DEA) and zebrafish larva subjected to metabolic impairment due to a high-fat diet (HFD) are examined in this study. The survival assay showed a significantly lower rate (79% survival rate) in the larvae exposed to HFD. Contrastingly, DEA treatment showed significant results with survival rates increasing dose-dependently (84%, 89%, and 94% at concentrations of 50 μM, 100 μM, and 150 μM, respectively). Further investigations revealed that DEA could reduce hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic conditions in zebrafish larvae. Glucose levels significantly dropped in the DEA treatment, which was associated with a decline in larval weight, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Enzyme assays revealed higher antioxidant enzyme concentrations in DEA treated in-vivo larval models, which were associated with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that DEA can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, effectively easing the diabesity-like state in zebrafish larvae. This offers potential avenues for developing DEA as a valuable drug candidate to manage the intricate diabesity condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Saghazadeh A. Exploring the pharmacological versatility of ficus carica: Modulating classical immunometabolism and beyond. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:107010. [PMID: 37995897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The burden of metabolic disorders is alarmingly increasing globally. On the other hand, sustainability is the key project of the 21st century. Natural products offer a coherent option for the complementary management of both these challenges. Ficus carica (FC), commonly known as the fig fruit, has an experimentally proven potency for the modulation of cell cycle, immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. Here, we review the potential of FC-derived products (FCDP) in slowing down the progression of cancers, acute/chronic inflammation-related conditions, infections, metabolic disorders, toxicities, neurological and neuromuscular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, vascular diseases, and skin-stressing conditions, as well as, in boosting normal healthy functions of the endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It reveals a variety of cellular and molecular targets for FCDP: cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ), chemokines (CCL2), other inflammatory mediators (CRP, PGE2), immune receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4, FcεRI), oxidative stress-related markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, GPx, catalase, ROS, NO, protein carbonyls), kinases (MAPKs, hexokinase, G6Pase, FBPase, PEPCK, Akt, AMPK, GSK3, CDKs), other enzymes (COX-2, iNOS, MMPs, caspases), growth factors/receptors (VEGF, EGFR), hormones (DHEAS, prolactin, GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, DHT, insulin), cell death-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, FasL, gasdermins, cytochrome C), glucose transporter protein (Glut4), and transcription factors (NF-κB, HNF-4α, Foxo, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, CREB, NFATC1, STAT3). FCDP cause both activation and inhibition of AMPK, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling to confer condition-specific advantages. Such a broad-range activity might be attributed to different mechanisms of action of FCDP in modulating functions within the classical immunometabolic system, but also beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Aljutaily T, Almutairi SM, Alharbi HF. The Nephroprotective Potential of Brassica nigra Sprout Hydroalcoholic Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats. Foods 2023; 12:3906. [PMID: 37959024 PMCID: PMC10648930 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nephroprotective potential of the Brassica nigra sprout (BNS) hydroalcoholic extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced renal toxicity in rats was the object of this study. B. nigra sprouts were prepared in the lab to monitor the bio-changes in bioactive compounds during the sprouting for up to 7 days at 17 ± 1 °C and 90% relative humidity. Subsequently, 6-day sprouts of B. nigra were selected according to their phenolics and antioxidant activity, extracted, and examined for their nephroprotective and antioxidative stress potential at 250 and 500 mg sprout extracts kg-1 bw, in vivo. Weight gain, organ weight, lipid profile, atherogenic index, kidney functions, and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed. The results indicated that the most proficient treatment for weight gain improvement was BNS extract at 500 mg kg-1. BNS at 250 mg kg-1 was remarked as the lowest weight gain enhancer compared to the NR group. A significant increase in TG, TC, LDL-c, and VLDL-c levels in the rats with CCl4-induced renal toxicity, and a significant decrease in HDL level, was noted. The administration of the BNS extract at 250 and 500 mg kg-1 considerably attenuated TG, TC, LDL-c, and VLDL-c levels, compared to the NR group. The most efficient treatment for improving the lipid profile was the BNS extract at 500 mg kg-1, even better than 250 mg kg-1. Administrating the BNS extract substantially attenuated the alterations in the creatinine, urea, and BUN caused by the CCl4 injection. The most efficient improvement was markedly recorded with the BNS extract at 500 mg kg-1, compared to the NR group. The rats treated with the BNS extract showed significant enhancement in GSH, CAT, and SOD activities and a considerable reduction in MDA levels. Administering the BNS extract at 250 and 500 mg kg-1 can efficiently reverse CCl4 inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities, significantly increase GSH, CAT, and SOD, and decrease the MDA levels dose-dependently. The BNS extract at 250 and 500 mg kg-1 exhibits nephroprotection and antioxidative stress in a dose-dependent matter. The total nephroprotection % was recorded at 65.18% and 99.21% for rats treated with 250 and 500 mg kg-1, respectively. These findings could prove and potentiate the nephroprotective activities of the BNS extract in the range of the given doses. Further clinical studies are highly recommended for confirming the nephroprotection efficiency of the B. nigra sprout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamer Aljutaily
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (H.F.A.)
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Ullah Wazir N, Amir Khan I, Javed A, Khan T, Jabbar A. Onosma hispidum L. extract reverses hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and associated vascular dysfunction in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103712. [PMID: 37405138 PMCID: PMC10316005 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Onosma hispidum.L (O. hispidum) belongs to the family Boregineacea. A preliminary study and its medicinal use suggested its role in the management of hyperlipidemia. The present study aimed to assess the effect of methanolic root extract of O. hispidum in hyperlipidemia and associated vascular dysfunction. Oral administration of O. hispidum crude extract (Oh. Cr) to tyloxopol and high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 and 28 days significantly reduced total triglycerides and cholesterol (p < 0.001), compared to hyperlipidemic rats. Oh. Cr 250 mg/kg orally treated rats significantly (p < 0.001) reduced both the total body weight and atherogenic index in tylaxopol and HFD rats. In HMG-CoA assay, the inhibition of the enzyme was significant in Oh.Cr (250 mg/kg) treated group. Histopathological studies indicated that the group treated with Oh.Cr 250 mg/kg/day showed regular morphology of aortic intima, media and adventitia, and improved the endothelial damage. To investigate the vascular dysfunction, isolated rat aorta rings from all groups were pre-contracted with 1 µM phenylephrine (PE), and the effect of acetylcholine (Ach) was monitored. In the aorta isolated from Oh.Cr (50 mg/kg) treated group, Ach completely relaxed the PE-induced contraction with EC50 value of 0.05 µg/mL 0.015 (0.01-0.2) compared to the hyperlipidemic control group (<30% relaxation). In atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) treated rat aorta, Ach showed 50% relaxation. The Oh.Cr extract also reduced (105.92 ± 1.14 to 66.63 ± 0.85 mmHg) mean arterial pressure in hyperlipidemic hypertensive rats. These findings suggest that extract of O. hispidum is an effective remedy for hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, which acts through inhibition of HMG-CoA and improving vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdul Jabbar
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan.
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Sudhakaran G, Rajesh R, Guru A, Arasu MV, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Nimbin analogs N5 and N7 regulate the expression of lipid metabolic genes and inhibit lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced zebrafish larvae: An antihyperlipidemic study. Tissue Cell 2023; 80:102000. [PMID: 36542946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess accumulation of lipids leads to obesity. Triterpenoids are a group of plant compounds which poses various biological activities. The biological activities of Nimbin analogs N5 and N7 were addressed in this study on inhibiting lipid aggregation and underlying the derivatives molecular mechanisms for a therapeutical approach. AIM This study aims to evaluate the anti-adipogenic activity of semi-natural Nimbin analogs, N5 and N7, on zebrafish larvae induced with oxidative stress due to a high-fat diet (HFD) and adipogenesis using specific fluorescent stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish at 4 days post fertilized (dpf) larvae were divided into groups for the HFD diet along with exposure to various concentrations of N5 and N7. HFD induced accumulation of neutral lipids and triglycerides (Oil Red O and Nile red staining, respectively) with weight gain, which generated intracellular ROS (DCFH-DA staining) and superoxide anion production (DHE staining) with depleted glutathione levels (NDA staining) were assayed. HFD exposure promoted the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages (Neutral red staining) and impaired glucose metabolism (2NBDG staining). The ability of N5 and N7 to reduce total regulating lipogenic specific genes C/EBP-α, SREBP-1 and FAS were evaluated using relative gene expression. KEY FINDINGS The Nimbin analogues N5 and N7 suppressed adipogenesis, forming intracellular ROS and superoxide anion while simultaneously restoring glutathione levels. The analogues significantly lowered total TC and TG levels, prevented inflammatory macrophage build-up and boosted glucose absorption. Also, N5 and N7 down-regulate the lipogenic-specific genes. SIGNIFICANCE Nimbin analogs N5 and N7 enhance lipolysis and inhibit adipogenesis in in-vivo zebrafish larvae model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pusparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Aslam N, Faisal MN, Khan JA, Majeed W. Opuntia ficus indica (L.) fruit extract alleviates oxidative stress through activation of dual oxidases and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling cascades in high-fat-diet associated atherosclerosis rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:920-930. [PMID: 36569488 PMCID: PMC9773065 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation associated with progressive thickening and hardening of the large to medium-sized arteries due to plaque formation. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic efficacy of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) fruit extract against the high-fat-diet associated atherosclerotic rat model. In-vitro qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of OFI fruit extract revealed the significant presence of total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents. In-vitro antioxidant activity of fruit extract was determined through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and FRAP assays that have shown their protective efficacy against the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Results revealed that the level of total oxidant stress was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced and down expression levels of dual oxidases (Duox, Duoxa-1, and Duox-2) in all the treatment groups (I, II, III) as compared with positive control were observed. The total antioxidant capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all treatment groups in comparison with the positive control group and higher expression level of the Nrf-2 signaling pathway (Nfe-212, NFR-1, and Keap-1) was observed in all the treatment groups compared with the positive control group. Histopathological examination of the aorta showed that high-fat diet markedly increased endothelial lining and thickness of tunica media and adventitia, with irregular media segments having wavy laminae, and a significant increase in entropy of fibers disposition was observed. Conclusively, OFI fruit extract has shown promising protective, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory efficacy through the restoration of normal parenchyma in high-fat dieting-associated oxidative stress and endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Khan
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Majeed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
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Kaur I, Sharma AD, Samtiya M, Pereira-Caro G, Rodríguez-Solana R, Dhewa T, Moreno-Rojas JM. Potential of bioactive compounds derived from underutilized fruit-bearing plants: a comprehensive review. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kebal L, Pokajewicz K, Djebli N, Mostefa N, Poliwoda A, Wieczorek PP. HPLC-DAD profile of phenolic compounds and In vitro antioxidant activity of Ficus carica L. fruits from two Algerian varieties. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Guru A, Velayutham M, Arockiaraj J. Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Activity of RF13 Peptide From Vacuolar Protein Sorting-Associated Protein 26B (VPS26B) by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in HFD Induced Obesity in Zebrafish Larvae. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ficus spp. fruits: Bioactive compounds and chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Moeini R, Memariani Z, Enayati A, Gorji N, Kolangi F. Nephrotonic and Nephroprotective medicinal herbs in traditional Persian Medicine: Review and assessment of scientific evidence. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211118145406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
The tendency to use herbal and complementary therapies has been increased dramatically in last decades. The aim of this study is reviewing nephrotonic and nephroprotective medicinal herbs in traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) historical books, and assessment of relevant scientific evidence and possible mechanisms of action. In this study, seven major references among pharmaceutical books of PM from the 11th to 19th centuries were selected and were searched with key words equivalent to “nephroprotection”. To find new studies, the scientific name of medicinal herbs which were repeated twice or more were searched using data bases including PubMed, and Google scholar with keywords of nephroprotective, renal disorder, renal failure and kidney. Also, probable effective mechanisms were explored with key words including oxidative stress, antioxidant, inflammation, anti-inflammatory and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. 210 herbal remedies were found with kidney strengthening, nephroprotective, and atrophy prevention effects in reviewed books. The most repeated herbs were 41 Results of scientific evidence showed that the possible functional mechanisms of these plants include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, blood pressure/glucose-lowering effect as well as improvement of glomerular filtration, prevention of tissue damage, and enhancing the reconstructive power of cells. The list of medicinal herbs in this study can be used as a base of future studies on production of new medicines for prevention or treatment of renal failure and for the enhancement of renal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kolangi
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Centre,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Characterization of key aroma compounds in Xinjiang dried figs (Ficus carica L.) by GC–MS, GC–olfactometry, odor activity values, and sensory analyses. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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Camboim Rockett F, de Oliveira Schmidt H, Schmidt L, Rodrigues E, Tischer B, Ruffo de Oliveira V, Lima da Silva V, Rossini Augusti P, Hickmann Flôres S, Rios A. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of Butia and Opuntia fruits. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109740. [PMID: 33233305 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the consumption recommendations and the potential health benefits, Brazilian biodiversity has a large number of fruit species that are still unexplored, such as Butia catarinensis (Butiá da Praia), Butia eriospatha (Butiá da Serra) and Opuntia elata (Arumbeva). The phenolic compounds of these fruits were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Morever, in vitro assays of antioxidant capacity on hydroethanolic extracts against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (OH), peroxyl (ROO) and ABTS radicals were evaluated. In vivo assays evaluating the survival of worms and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were performed using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Eighteen, twenty-eight and seventeen phenolic compounds were identified in Butiá da Praia, Butiá da Serra and Arumbeva, respectively. The main groups of phenolic compounds found in the fruits were hydroxybenzoic acids (60.5, 26.5 and 96.1% of the total phenolic compounds for Butiá da Praia, Butiá da Serra and Arumbeva, respectively), flavan-3-ols (23.6 and 61.2% of the total phenolic compounds for Butiá da Praia and Butiá da Serra) and flavonols (2.6% of the total phenolic compounds for Arumbeva). The hydroethanolic extracts of these fruits were free radical scavenger, sources of phenolic compounds and did not cause toxic effects in vivo. In hydroethanolic extracts of Butiá da Praia and Arumbeva, the total phenolic content increased by around 67% and 35%, respectively. Besides the health benefits, these proved to be promising sources of natural antioxidants, with phenolic composition variating among species and collection site. The obtained results enable future applications of studied fruits extracts in food and/or pharmaceutical products, encouraging and valuing the sustainable use of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Camboim Rockett
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Helena de Oliveira Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Luana Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tischer
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Viviani Ruffo de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2400, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Vanuska Lima da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos St., 2400, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Paula Rossini Augusti
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Simone Hickmann Flôres
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rios
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Ave., 9500, Porto Alegre, RS Zip Code: 91501-970, Brazil.
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Narayanankutty A, Illam SP, Rao V, Shehabudheen S, Raghavamenon AC. Hot-processed virgin coconut oil abrogates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by restoring redox balance in rats compared to fermentation-processed virgin coconut oil. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1373-1382. [PMID: 33059468 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1831525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a functional food oil prepared from fresh coconut kernel either by hot-processed (HPVCO) or fermentation-processed (FPVCO). The FPVCO has been widely explored for its pharmacological efficacy; while HPVCO, which has traditional uses, is less explored. The present study compared the phenolic content and nephroprotective effect of both these oils in male Wistar rats. In vitro antioxidant activity was estimated in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power and ex vivo lipid peroxidation inhibition. In in vivo models, the rats were pretreated orally with of FPVCO or HPVCO (doses 2 and 4 mL/kg) for seven days and nephrotoxicity was induced by the single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (10 mg/kg). The results indicated significantly higher polyphenol content in HPVCO (400.3 ± 5.8 µg/mL) than that of FPVCO (255.5 ± 5.8 µg/mL). Corroborating with the increased levels of polyphenols, the in vitro antioxidant potential was significantly higher in the HPVCO. Further, pretreatment with these VCO preparations protected the rats against the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, with higher extent by HPVCO. The renal function markers like urea, creatinine and total bilirubin were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with HPVCO pretreatment. Apart from the nephroprotective effects, HPVCO also abrogated the cisplatin-induced myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity. The restoration of hepato-renal function by the pretreatment of HPVCO was well corroborated with the improvement in functional antioxidants and subsequent reduction in renal lipid peroxidation. Supporting these observations, renal histology revealed reduced glomerular/tubular congestion and necrosis. Thus, the study concludes that HPVCO may be better functional food than FPVCO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Varsha Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, India
| | - Sabah Shehabudheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, India
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17
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Khan MZ, Shabbir MI, Saqib Z, Gilani SA, Jogezai NU, Kiyani MM, Malik MA. Investigation of polyphenol profile, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schur roots. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLiver plays vital role in detoxification of exogenous and endogenous chemicals. These chemicals as well as oxidative stress may cause liver disorders. This study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of various fractions of Aconogonon alpinum methanolic extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in mice. First, hepatoprotective potential of various fractions of A. alpinum was assessed and then antioxidant activity and profiling of polyphenolic compounds were assessed. A total of 78 male albino mice (BALB/c) were randomly divided into 13 groups (n = 6); Group I (normal control), Group II (CCl4 only), Group III (CCl4 + silymarin 100 mg/kg) and Groups IV–XIII (CCl4 + various fractions [200 and 400 mg/kg]). Hepatic biochemistry and liver injury were assessed by analysis of serum levels of hepatic enzymes and histopathological analysis, respectively. Results showed that polar fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions) exhibited highly significant (P < 0.01) reduction in increased level of liver biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner with consistent histopathological findings. Likewise, these fractions revealed strong antioxidant potential and polyphenolic compound contents. In conclusion, the present work has revealed promising antioxidant activity, polyphenolic profiling and potential hepatoprotective efficacy. Thus, the significant results unveil the study as a step forward towards evidence-based phytomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zakryya Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS) International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Islamabad Capital Territory, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Shabbir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS) International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Islamabad Capital Territory, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zafeer Saqib
- Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS), International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Islamabad Capital Territory, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aneel Gilani
- Botanical Science Division Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH) Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Naqeeb Ullah Jogezai
- Department of Bioengineering and Space Biosciences, Institute of Space Technology Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mubin Mustafa Kiyani
- Department of Medical sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences (FBAS) International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Islamabad Capital Territory, 44000, Pakistan
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18
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Babaei F, Moafizad A, Darvishvand Z, Mirzababaei M, Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri‐Asl M. Review of the effects of vitexin in oxidative stress-related diseases. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2569-2580. [PMID: 32566174 PMCID: PMC7300089 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside found in food and medicinal plants. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective effects. This review study summarizes all the protective effects of vitexin as an antioxidant against reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and other oxidative damages in a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases, including seizure, memory impairment, cerebral ischemia, neurotoxicity, myocardial and respiratory injury, and metabolic dysfunction, with possible molecular and cellular mechanisms. This review describes any activation or inhibition of the signaling pathways that depend on the antioxidant activity of vitexin. More basic research is needed on the antioxidative effects of vitexin in vivo, and carrying out clinical trials for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineStudent Research CommitteeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmacodynamic and ToxicologySchool of PharmacyPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Marjan Nassiri‐Asl
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology Research CenterSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Rodríguez IF, Cattaneo F, Zech XV, Svavh E, Pérez MJ, Zampini IC, Isla MI. Aloja and añapa, two traditional beverages obtained from Prosopis alba pods: Nutritional and functional characterization. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Absorption, metabolism, and bioactivity of vitexin: recent advances in understanding the efficacy of an important nutraceutical. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1049-1064. [PMID: 32292045 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1753165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
vitexin, an apigenin-8-C-glucoside, is widely present in numerous edible and medicinal plants. vitexin possesses a variety of bioactive properties, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, neuron-protection, and cardio-protection. Other beneficial health effects, such as fat reduction, glucose metabolism, and hepatoprotection, have also been reported in recent studies. This review briefly discusses the absorption and metabolism of vitexin, as well as its influence on gut microbiota. Recent advances in understanding the pharmacological and biological effects of vitexin are then reviewed. Improved knowledge of the absorption, metabolism, bioactivity, and molecular targets of vitexin is crucial for the better utilization of this emerging nutraceutical as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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21
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Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activities of Acid-Depolymerised Exopolysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8915272. [PMID: 31583046 PMCID: PMC6754963 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8915272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The acid-depolymerised exopolysaccharides (ADES) of Termitomyces albuminosus were obtained, and the major fraction of ADES1 was isolated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange column chromatography. Physicochemical characterizations showed that ADES1 was an α- and a β-configuration with the molecular weight of 2.43 kDa, containing (1→3, 4)-linked-Glcp, (1→4)-linked-D-Glcp, (1→3)-linked-D-Xylp, (1→4)-linked-D-Manp, T-Glcp, (1→6)-linked-D-Galp, and (1→4)-linked-L-Arap. The in vivo assays showed that ADES1 could reduce lipid levels in the serum and liver, decrease serum enzyme activities, and improve antioxidant enzyme activities and p-AMPKα expressions in hyperlipidemic mice, which were also confirmed by histopathological observations. These data indicated that ADES1 might be considered as a novel substance to treat and prevent hyperlipidemia and as a hepatoprotective agent.
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Cattaneo F, Roco J, Alarcón G, Isla MI, Jeréz S. Prosopis alba seed flour improves vascular function in a rabbit model of high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01967. [PMID: 31485494 PMCID: PMC6716065 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prosopis alba flour is a natural source of nutrient and phytochemicals with potential effects on cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this work was to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with Prosopis alba seed flour (Pr-Feed) on a high fat diet (FD)-induced rabbit model of metabolic syndrome. MAIN METHODS Rabbits were separated in four groups: fed regular diet (CD); CD supplemented with Pr-Feed; fed on 18 % FD; FD supplemented with Pr-Feed. All diets were administrated for 6 weeks. After the feeding period body weights, mean blood pressure, heart rate and visceral abdominal fat (VAF) were determined; glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed; total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (FG), aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, bilirubin and creatinine were measured in serum. Abdominal aorta was excised and vascular function was assessed by acetylcholine relaxation and contractile response to KCl, norepinephrine and angiotensin II. KEY FINDINGS Phytochemical analyses showed that the main compounds of Pr-Feed were apigenin C-glycosides. FD increased VAF, FG, TG, reduced HDL-cholesterol and induced abnormal GTT. Pr-Feed addition to FD did not modify these alterations. Aortic rings from rabbits fed on FD exhibited an impaired relaxation-response to acetylcholine and increased agonist vasoconstrictor responses. Pr Feed-supplemented FD improved the response to acetylcholine, and prevented the increase of the contractile response to KCl, norepinephrine and angiotensin II. SIGNIFICANCE Results suggest that dietary supplementation with Pr-Feed, rich in apigenin C-glycosides, has vascular protector properties and could be used to prevent vascular alterations characterizing the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cattaneo
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y fisiología vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Julieta Roco
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas(INSIBIO-CONICET-UNT), Argentina
| | - Gabriela Alarcón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas(INSIBIO-CONICET-UNT), Argentina
| | - María Inés Isla
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y fisiología vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Jeréz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas(INSIBIO-CONICET-UNT), Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Narayanankutty A, Anil A, Illam SP, Kandiyil SP, Raghavamenon AC. Non-polar lipid carbonyls of thermally oxidized coconut oil induce hepatotoxicity mediated by redox imbalance. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 138:45-51. [PMID: 30392580 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thermal oxidation products of edible oils including aldehydes, peroxides and polymerized triglycerides formed during the cooking process are increasingly debated as contributory to chronic degenerative diseases. Depending on the oil used for cooking, the source of fatty acids and its oxidation products may vary and would have a differential influence on the physiological process. Coconut oil (CO) is a medium chain triglyceride-rich edible oil used in South India and other Asia Pacific countries for cooking purposes. The present study evaluated the biological effects of thermally oxidized coconut oil (TCO) as well as its non- polar hexane (TCOH) and polar methanol (TCO-M) sub-fractions in male Wistar rats. Results showed an increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and conjugated diene levels in TCO, which was extracted to TCOH fraction. The animals consumed TCO and its hexane and methanol fractions had a considerable increase in weight gain. However, serum and hepatic triglycerides were increased only in animals with TCO and TCOH administration. In these animals, the hepatic redox balance was disturbed, with a reduction in GSH and a concomitant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). Increased incidence of microvesicles in hepatic histological observations also supported this assumption. Together, the study shows that TCO consumption is unhealthy, where the nonpolar compounds generated during thermal oxidation may be involved in the toxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- (1)Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala (Recognized research centre of the University of Calicut)
| | - Anu Anil
- (1)Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala (Recognized research centre of the University of Calicut); (2)Department of Zoology, Vimala College, Thrissur, Kerala
| | - Soorya Parathodi Illam
- (1)Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala (Recognized research centre of the University of Calicut)
| | - Sruthi Panniyan Kandiyil
- (1)Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala (Recognized research centre of the University of Calicut)
| | - Achuthan C Raghavamenon
- (1)Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala (Recognized research centre of the University of Calicut).
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24
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Abdel-Aty AM, Hamed MB, Gad AAM, El-Hakim AE, Mohamed SA. Ficus sycomorus latex: An efficient alternative Egyptian source for horseradish peroxidase in labeling with antibodies for immunodiagnostic kits. Vet World 2018; 11:1364-1370. [PMID: 30532487 PMCID: PMC6247892 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1364-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In view of various peroxidase applications, the searching for new sources of unique peroxidase properties is highly desirable. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the peroxidase of locally grown sycamore latex (POL) for conjugation with antibodies and to study the conjugate optimal conditions, storage stability, and affinity toward different substrates as compared with commercial horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Materials and Methods: Anti-mouse antibodies were prepared in rabbits and purified by protein A sepharose affinity column chromatography. The POL and HRP conjugates were prepared by one-step glutaraldehyde coupling method. The reactivity of the prepared conjugates was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The optimal enzymatic conditions, storage stability, and affinity toward substrates were also determined for both the conjugates. Results: The POL showed higher percent recovery (98%) than HRP (78%) over the initial activity after conjugation process. The POL and HRP conjugates showed ELISA titers of 1:120 and 1:80, respectively, demonstrating high binding affinity of POL-conjugate. The POL-conjugate showed high thermal stability up to 70°C compared with HRP-conjugate up to 40°C. After conjugation, POL had wide pH stability (5.0-8.0) compared with HPR (4.5-6.0). Both of the prepared conjugates had a high affinity toward the substrates used in immunoassays with lower Km values. The POL-conjugate showed high storage stability for its enzymatic activity and ELISA titer compared with HRP-conjugate after 1 year at −20°C. Conclusion: The POL of Ficus sycomorus latex is an efficient source for labeling antibodies and could be utilized in immunodiagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M Abdel-Aty
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abdul Aziz M Gad
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr E El-Hakim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Nadeem M, Zeb A. Impact of maturity on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of medicinally important leaves of Ficus carica L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:881-887. [PMID: 30150862 PMCID: PMC6103952 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ficus carica L. is one of the oldest trees belonging to the mulberry family. It has both nutritional and medicinal benefits, as it is a source of potential bioactive compounds. Fig leaves were collected at four maturation stages, to evaluate the variation in polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and different pigments level. Polyphenols were identified using HPLC-DAD. Different pigments level, total phenolic contents, and radical scavenging activity were quantified. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of fourteen polyphenolic compounds in the fig leaves. Quercetin-3-glucoside, caftaric acid, quercetin-3, 7-diglucoside, and coumaroyl-hexose were the major phenolic compounds. Kaempferol-3-O-sophorotrioside, cichoric acid and sinapic acid glucoside were identified for the first time. Significant quantitative changes were observed during maturation, particularly in polyphenolic compounds. There were significant changes in pigments level, total phenolic contents, and radical scavenging activity. It was observed that fig leaves are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds during all stages of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK 18800 Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK 18800 Pakistan
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Rodríguez-Pérez C, Segura-Carretero A, Del Mar Contreras M. Phenolic compounds as natural and multifunctional anti-obesity agents: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1212-1229. [PMID: 29156939 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1399859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity worldwide has reached pandemic proportions. Despite the increasing evidence in the implication of phenolic compounds in obesity management, the real effect is not completely understood. The available in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the implication of phenolic compounds in: lowering food intake, decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, stimulating fatty acids β-oxidation, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and growth, attenuating inflammatory responses and suppress oxidative stress. This review encompasses the most recent evidence in the anti-obesity effect of phenolic compounds from plants to different nutraceuticals and functional foods based on the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. For that, this review has been focused on popular plant-based products highly consumed today such as cocoa, cinnamon, and olive oil, beverages such as red wine, tea (green, white and black tea) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada , Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada , Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, Granada , Spain
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry , Annex C-3 Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
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Traditional Persian Medicine and management of metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:17-23. [PMID: 29321985 PMCID: PMC5755987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Its cause is unknown and it remains the most enigmatic of reproductive disorders. The extant written documents of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) - with holistic approaches towards human health - contain remedies used for centuries. Before further experimental research on any of these treatments, it is appropriate to study current related scientific evidence on their possible pharmacological actions. This work aims to study PCOS and its treatments in TPM. To collect data from medieval medicinal texts, six of the most famous manuscripts of Persian medicine were studied. Medicinal treatments for a problem similar to PCOS were searched for in these books. The plants were listed and their authentications were confirmed in accordance with botanical books. PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched for related mechanisms of action or pharmacological activities of the medicinal plants reported. From numerous articles, the current work tried to cite the latest publications with regard to each reported plant and PCOS-related mechanisms of action. We studied herbal treatments recommended by ancient Persians to treat a condition called Habs-e-tams, which had the same symptoms of PCOS. It could be concluded that ancient physicians not only wanted to treat the irregular menstrual cycle-which is the most obvious symptom of PCOS-but also their treatment options were aimed at ameliorating the related underlying metabolic dysfunctions. The recommended herbs, which have the most scientific proof for their related actions, can be studied further in experimental analyses.
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Turkoglu M, Pekmezci E, Kilic S, Dundar C, Sevinc H. Effect of Ficus carica
leaf extract on the gene expression of selected factors in HaCaT cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2017; 16:e54-e58. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Turkoglu
- Biota Laboratories R&D Center; Sancaktepe Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Erkin Pekmezci
- Biota Laboratories R&D Center; Sancaktepe Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Songul Kilic
- Biota Laboratories R&D Center; Sancaktepe Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Cihat Dundar
- Biota Laboratories R&D Center; Sancaktepe Istanbul-Turkey
| | - Hakan Sevinc
- Biota Laboratories R&D Center; Sancaktepe Istanbul-Turkey
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The effects of Ficus carica on the activity of enzymes related to metabolic syndrome. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:201-210. [PMID: 29389556 PMCID: PMC9332642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the various parts of Ficus carica L. (figs) on antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesogenic effects in vitro. Fruit, leaves, and stembark of the F. carica plant were sequentially extracted using organic and inorganic solvents and their total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were estimated. The effects of the extracts on antioxidative, antidiabetic (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes), and antiobesogenic (antilipase) activities were measured using several experimental models. The fruit ethanolic extract contained a high quantity of polyphenols and flavonoids (104.67 ± 5.51 μg/mL and 81.67 ± 4.00 μg/mL) compared with all other extracts. The activity of the ethanolic extract of F. carica fruit was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than all other extracts and parts of the plant in terms of antioxidative, antidiabetic, and antiobesogenic effects. The IC50 values of the fruit ethanolic extract in terms of antioxidative (134.44 ± 18.43 μg/mL), and inhibition of α-glucosidase (255.57 ± 36.46 μg/mL), α-amylase (315.89 ± 3.83 μg/mL), and pancreatic lipase (230.475 ± 9.65 μg/mL) activity indicate that the activity of fruit ethanolic extract is better than all other extracts of the plant. The gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis of the fruit ethanolic extract showed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds such as butyl butyrate, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, 1-butoxy-1-isobutoxy butane, malic acid, tetradecanoic acid, phytol acetate, trans phytol, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, stearic acid, sitosterol, 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, and 2,4,5-trimethyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one. The results of this study suggest that the ethanolic extract of the fruit of F. carica may have potential antidiabetic and antiobesogenic agents.
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A review on the pharmacological effects of vitexin and isovitexin. Fitoterapia 2016; 115:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lekshmi Sheela D, Nazeem PA, Narayanankutty A, Manalil JJ, Raghavamenon AC. In Silico and Wet Lab Studies Reveal the Cholesterol Lowering Efficacy of Lauric Acid, a Medium Chain Fat of Coconut Oil. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:410-415. [PMID: 27679437 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The coconut oil (CO) contains 91 % of saturated fatty acids in which 72 % are medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) like lauric, capric and caprylic acids. In contrast to animal fat, coconut oil has no cholesterol. Despite this fact, CO is sidelined among other vegetable oils due to the health hazards attributed to the saturated fatty acids. Though various medicinal effects of CO have been reported including the hypolipidemic activity, people are still confused in the consumption of this natural oil. In silico analyses and wet lab experiments have been carried out to identify the hypolipidemic properties of MCFAs and phenolic acids in CO by using different protein targets involved in cholesterol synthesis. The molecular docking studies were carried out using CDOCKER protocol in Accelery's Discovery Studio, by taking different proteins like HMG- CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase as targets and the different phytocompounds in coconut as ligands. Molecular docking highlighted the potential of lauric acid in inhibiting the protein targets involved in hyperlipidemics. Further, validation of in silico results was carried out through in vivo studies. The activity of key enzymes HMG- CoA reductase and lipoprotein lipase were found reduced in animals fed with lauric acid and CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Lekshmi Sheela
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU P.O., Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, 680656, India.
| | - Puthiyaveetil Abdulla Nazeem
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU P.O., Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, 680656, India
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680 555, India
| | - Jeksy Jos Manalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680 555, India
| | - Achuthan C Raghavamenon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, 680 555, India
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Effectiveness of rutin-rich Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) ‘Manten-Kirari’ in body weight reduction related to its antioxidant properties: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Mekky RH, Fayed MR, El-Gindi MR, Abdel-Monem AR, Contreras MDM, Segura-Carretero A, Abdel-Sattar E. Hepatoprotective Effect and Chemical Assessment of a Selected Egyptian Chickpea Cultivar. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:344. [PMID: 27733831 PMCID: PMC5040119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. In Egypt, chickpea seeds are usually consumed at raw green and tender stage, or in the form of mature dry seeds. In our previous study, ‘Giza 1’ seeds exhibited stronger antioxidant activity and higher total phenol content than those from other Egyptian cultivars. In order to assess the biological potential of ‘Giza 1’ seeds in vivo, the extraction procedure was reproduced here. The extract was standardized using liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to evaluate their hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and acute toxicity. Administration of the extract to rats in doses up to 2 g/Kg) did not cause any mortalities or observable signs of toxicity. Further, the plant extract showed a strong hepatoprotective activity based on assessing serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and levels of albumen, globulin, total protein, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein. The antioxidative activity was evaluated by assessing hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase activity as well as reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity was observed as the extract significantly lowered the hepatic tumor necrosis factor α content. Histopathological examination of liver tissues indicated that the extract-treated animals showed almost normal hepatic architecture with fewer pathological changes. In conclusion, the current results suggest that the chickpea extract possesses an excellent safety profile with very low acute toxicity. Also, it exhibits a significant hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. This can be attributed, at least partly, to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the isoflavones and phenolic acids content of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R El-Gindi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza R Abdel-Monem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo, Egypt
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of GranadaGranada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food CentreGranada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of GranadaGranada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food CentreGranada, Spain
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo, Egypt
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