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Narendran N, Volpe S, Ramadan I, Herbert JR, LaFleur B, Samargandy S, Le CH, Chang EH. A prospective longitudinal study assessing the impact of rhinovirus and bacterial infections in acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024. [PMID: 39225695 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) are thought to arise from common viral infections progressing to secondary bacterial infections. However, the pathophysiology of AECRS remains poorly understood due to a lack of prospective longitudinal studies. METHODS We conducted a one-year prospective longitudinal study involving chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) adults. At baseline, we assessed subjective symptom scores using a validated upper respiratory infection questionnaire (WURSS), sinonasal outcome testing scores (SNOT-22), and endoscopic scores (modified Lund-Kennedy score). Every 2 weeks, we contacted subjects to collect WURSS and SNOT-22 scores. If WURSS scores were ≥1 and SNOT-22 scores were ≥ 8.9 compared with baseline, subjects underwent an AECRS assessment. We identified rhinovirus (RV) incidence through viral nasal brushings at each visit and bacterial infection through bacterial swabs if mucus scores were ≥1. RESULTS Thiry-five of 80 CRS subjects reported at least one AECRS episode during the year, predominantly occurring in the fall and winter seasons. RV infections were detected in 8 of 35 cases, bacterial infections in 17 of 35, and co-occurring infections in 7 of 35. All subjects with AECRS visits exhibited significantly higher endoscopic scores compared with baseline. Subjects with co-occurring RV and bacterial infections demonstrated higher disease severity compared with those with either RV or bacterial infection, or no infection. CONCLUSIONS In a one-year prospective longitudinal study involving CRS adults, we identified significant risk factors for AECRS including seasonality and the presence of RV and bacterial infections. These data suggest a standard definition of AECRS and the need to target RV and bacterial infections if we are to help reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirushan Narendran
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sophia Volpe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ibrahim Ramadan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jacob Ryan Herbert
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Bonnie LaFleur
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shireen Samargandy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher H Le
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eugene H Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Michalsen A, Goldenstein K, Kardos P, Klimek L, Palm J, Parganlija D, Stöckl J. The impact of cineole treatment timing on common cold duration and symptoms: Non-randomized exploratory clinical trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296482. [PMID: 38236839 PMCID: PMC10795983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Common cold (CC) symptoms arise from an inflammatory response treatable with cineole and generally peak within two days, which complicates research implementation. We therefore explored the benefits of early cineole administration with enrolment of participants prior to CC onset. METHODS Out of 522 adults enrolled in our phase IV, open-label, non-randomized, exploratory clinical trial (EudraCT No. 2020-000860-51), 329 developed a CC and used 200 mg cineole (Soledum®, CNL-1976) t.i.d. for max. 15 (± 2) days. Primary endpoint was burden of disease based on the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-11). RESULTS Comparing three strata based on time to treatment (≤ 12 h, > 12 to ≤ 24 h and > 24 h), earliest treatment resulted in lowest AUC-WURSS (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.36) and reduced the overall burden of disease by 38% (p < 0.0001). Earlier and lower symptom severity peak resulted, with shorter time to remission (average 8.9 vs. 10.7 days with latest treatment initiation, p < 0.05), and higher and faster recovering quality of life (p < 0.05). Tolerability was mostly rated as "very good", with adverse events of suspected causal relationship reported in 4.3% of participants. CONCLUSIONS Early intervention shows clinical benefits relevant for the effective treatment of CC with cineole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Michalsen
- Department of Internal, Integrative and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Goldenstein
- MCM Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, Klosterfrau Healthcare Group, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Klimek
- Centre for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang Y, He Z, Chen S, Liu Y, Li F, Barrett B, Zhang Z, Su G, Stålsby Lundborg C. Validation of the Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey-24, Chinese version. Ann Med 2022; 54:655-665. [PMID: 35196916 PMCID: PMC8881074 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2043559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey (WURSS) is a validated English questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life and severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). We aimed to develop a Mandarin Chinese version of WURSS-24 (WURSS-24-C) and evaluate its reliability, validity and minimal important difference (MID). METHODS The WURSS-24-C was developed using the forward-backward translation procedure. People with URTIs' symptoms within 48 h of onset were recruited and asked to fill in the WURSS-24-C daily for up to 14 d. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to suggest domains. The 8-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) assessing general mental and physical health was used to assess validity. Reliability estimated by Cronbach's alpha and mean day-to-day change for those indicating minimal improvement as MID were evaluated. RESULTS The WURSS-24-C was found to be acceptable, relevant, and easy to complete in cognitive debriefing interviews. A total number of 300 participants (age 28.4 ± 9.3, female 70%) were monitored for 2500 person-days. Four domains (activity and function, systemic symptoms, nasal symptoms and throat symptoms) of the WURSS-24-C were confirmed (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.93). The reliability of this 4-domain-structure is good (Cronbach's alphas varied from 0.849 to 0.943). Convergent validity is moderate (Pearson correlation coefficients between daily WURSS-24-C and the SF-8 were -0.780 and -0.721, for the SF-8 physical and mental health, respectively). Estimates of MID for individual items varied from -0.41 to -1.14. CONCLUSIONS The WURSS-24-C is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing illness-specific quality-of-life health status in Chinese-speaking patients with URTIs.Key messagesThe Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey (WURSS) series are patient-oriented questionnaire instruments assessing the quality of life and severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).The WURSS-24 was translated into Mandarin Chinese using the forward-backward translation procedure, and evaluated its validity, reliability and minimal important difference (MID) in 300 Chinese participants with URTIs.The WURSS-24 Chinese version (WURSS-24-C) seems to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing illness-specific quality-of-life health status in Chinese patients with URTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zehui He
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Simin Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Intensive Care Unit, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Dianjiang, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhongde Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guobin Su
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:755-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Arbuckle R, Halstead P, Marshall C, Zimmerman B, Bolton K, Regnault A, Gelotte C. Testing and Psychometric Validation of a Pediatric Instrument to Self-Assess Symptoms of the Common Cold. THE PATIENT 2021; 14:101-117. [PMID: 33174079 PMCID: PMC7794207 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-020-00462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the lack of validated patient-reported outcomes (PRO) instruments assessing cold symptoms, a new pediatric PRO instrument was developed to assess multiple cold symptoms: the Child Cold Symptom Questionnaire (CCSQ). The objective of this research was to evaluate the measurement properties of the CCSQ. METHODS This observational study involved daily completion of the self-report CCSQ by children aged 6-11 years in their home for 7 days. These data were used to develop a scoring algorithm and item-scale structure and evaluate the psychometric properties of the resulting scores. Analyses included evaluation of item and dimensionality performance (item response distributions and confirmatory factor analysis) and assessment of test-retest reliability in stable patients, construct validity (convergent and known groups validity), and preliminary responsiveness. Qualitative exit interviews in a subgroup of the children with colds and their parents were conducted. RESULTS More than 90% of children had no missing data during the testing period, reflecting an excellent completion rate. For most items, responses were distributed across the options, with approximately normal distributions. Test-retest reliability was adequate, with intra-class correlation coefficients ranging from 0.63 to 0.83. A logical pattern of correlations with the validated Strep-PRO instrument provided evidence supporting convergent validity. Single- and multi-item symptom scores distinguished between children who differed in their cold severity based on global ratings, providing evidence of known groups validity. Preliminary evidence indicates the CCSQ is responsive to changes over time. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that the CCSQ items and multi-item scores provide valid and reliable patient-reported measures of cold symptoms in children aged 6-11 years. They provide strong evidence supporting the validity of these items and multi-item scores for inclusion as endpoints in clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of cold medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Arbuckle
- Adelphi Values, Adelphi Mill, Grimshaw Lane, Bollington, SK10 5JB CH UK
| | - Patricia Halstead
- McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a Division of Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc., 7050 Camp Hill Rd, Fort, Washington, PA 19034 USA
| | - Chris Marshall
- Adelphi Values, Adelphi Mill, Grimshaw Lane, Bollington, SK10 5JB CH UK
| | - Brenda Zimmerman
- McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a Division of Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc., 7050 Camp Hill Rd, Fort, Washington, PA 19034 USA
| | - Kate Bolton
- Adelphi Values, Adelphi Mill, Grimshaw Lane, Bollington, SK10 5JB CH UK
| | | | - Cathy Gelotte
- McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a Division of Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc., 7050 Camp Hill Rd, Fort, Washington, PA 19034 USA
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Jansen MC, van der Oest MJ, Slijper HP, Porsius JT, Selles RW. Item Reduction of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Using Decision Tree Modeling. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100:2308-2313. [PMID: 31181179 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To produce an electronic decision tree version of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (DT-BCTQ) using the chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) algorithm to reduce questionnaire length of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) while minimizing the loss of measurement properties. DESIGN Criterion standard study. All BCTQs completed between January 2012 and September 2016 by patients who were treated for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were randomly divided into a development and a validation dataset at a 3-to-1 ratio. Optimization of the CHAID algorithm was performed in the development dataset to determine the most optimal DT-BCTQ. SETTING Private hand clinic providing both surgical and nonsurgical (orthosis and exercise therapy) treatment for hand and wrist disorders. PARTICIPANTS Patients with CTS (N=4470) completed a total of 10,055 BCTQs. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated between the original BCTQ scores and the scores predicted by the DT-BCTQ in the validation dataset. Bland-Altman plots visualized the agreement between the BCTQ and the DT-BCTQ. RESULTS The DT-BCTQ reduced the number of questions needed to ask a patient from 11 to a maximum of 3 for the symptom severity scale domain and from 8 to maximum of 3 for the functional status scale domain. The ICC between the original BCTQ and DT-BCTQ was 0.94. The mean difference between the BCTQ and DT-BCTQ was 0.05 on the 0-5 scale (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.48 to 0.57) for the symptom severity scale; 0.02 (95% CI, -0.45 to 0.49) for the functional status scale; and 0.04 (95% CI, -0.31 to 0.39) for the total BCTQ score. CONCLUSION By creating the DT-BCTQ, we diminished the number of questions needed to ask a patient from 18 to a maximum of 6 questions (3 for each subscore) when administering the BCTQ while maintaining an ICC of 0.94 with the original BCTQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel C Jansen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam.
| | - Mark J van der Oest
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam
| | - Harm P Slijper
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jarry T Porsius
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud W Selles
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam
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Vitamin D₃ Supplementation Reduces the Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection during Winter Training in Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092003. [PMID: 30223447 PMCID: PMC6164435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency may be associated with increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in athletes. This study examined the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on salivary immune functions and symptoms of URTI in vitamin D-insufficient taekwondo athletes. Twenty-five male taekwondo athletes, aged 19–22 years with vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentrations (25(OH)D, 31.3 ± 1.39 nmol/L)], participated in this study. They were randomized to receive 5000 IU/day of vitamin D3 (n = 13) or placebo capsule (n = 12) during 4 weeks of winter training. Blood samples were collected two times (pre- and post-tests) for analyzing serum 25(OH)D concentration while salivary samples were obtained three times (pre-, mid-, and post-tests) for secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and lactoferrin analyses. The symptoms of URTI were reported daily during the intervention. Serum 25(OH)D concentration significantly increased by 255.6% in the vitamin D group, whereas in the placebo group it did not change (p < 0.001). While the significant increase in SIgA was observed in both groups (p < 0.001), elevated salivary lactoferrin level in response to winter training was found only in the placebo group (p = 0.011). The change in serum 25(OH)D concentration was negatively associated with total URTI symptoms (r = −0.435, p = 0.015). Vitamin D3 supplementation may be effective in reducing the symptoms of URTI during winter training in vitamin D-insufficient taekwondo athletes.
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Dharsono T, Rudnicka K, Wilhelm M, Schoen C. Effects of Yeast (1,3)-(1,6)-Beta-Glucan on Severity of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:40-50. [PMID: 30198828 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1478339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Each year, adults suffer about two to four upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), mostly in winter. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of brewers' yeast (1,3)-(1,6)-beta-glucan on incidence and severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). METHODS Generally healthy men and women (n = 299) reporting at least three URTIs during the previous year were randomized to receive either a placebo or 900 mg of yeast beta-glucan daily for 16 weeks during winter. In cases of acute URTI, the severity of URTI symptoms was assessed via the WURSS-21 questionnaire and the Jackson scale, and a clinical confirmation was implemented by the investigator. RESULTS Overall, 70 subjects under placebo and 71 subjects under yeast beta-glucan experienced at least one clinically confirmed URTI episode. The global severity using WURSS-21 had been quite similar between the study groups (p = 0.5267), whereas during the first days of URTIs the severity was less pronounced in the yeast beta-glucan group. On the episode level, the severity of physical symptoms was significantly lower for all investigated time intervals up to 7 days under yeast beta-glucan (WURSS (Q2-11) (days 1-2: p = 0.0465, days 1-3: p = 0.0323, days 1-4: p = 0.0248, days 1-7: p = 0.0278), also confirmed for the Jackson scale). The reduction of severity was accompanied by a significant increase in the joy subscore of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ20) (p = 0.0148). In addition, there was a reduction of systolic (p = 0.0458) and diastolic (p = 0.1439) blood pressure. CONCLUSION Subjects supplementing with yeast beta-glucan benefit by a reduced severity of physical URTI symptoms during the first week of an episode, even though the incidence and global severity of common colds could not be altered in comparison to placebo. Furthermore, accompanying benefits in terms of blood pressure and mood were identified. Altogether, yeast beta-glucan supports the immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- b Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- c Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences , University of Applied Sciences Ulm , Ulm , Germany
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Williams V, DeMuro C, Lewis S, Williams N, Wolynn T, Wisman P, Block SL, Senders S, Toback S, Chien JW. Psychometric evaluation of a caregiver diary for the assessment of symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2018; 2:10. [PMID: 29757327 PMCID: PMC5934931 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-018-0036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no clinical outcome assessment (COA) tools developed in accordance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance suitable for the evaluation of symptoms associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among infants. The Gilead RSV Caregiver Diary (GRCD) is being developed to fulfill this need; the present research evaluates the GRCD and documents its reliability, validity, and responsiveness among children < 24 months of age with acute RSV infection. METHODS A prospective, observational study was conducted in the United States during the 2014-2015 northern hemisphere winter season. Subjects were < 24-month, full-term, previously healthy infants with confirmed RSV infection and ≤5 days of symptoms. The GRCD was completed twice daily for 14 days by caregivers. Additional data were collected during the initial visit, subsequent visits, and end-of-study interview. Test-retest reliability (kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]), construct validity (correlations and factor analyses), discriminating ability (analyses of variance and chi-square), and responsiveness (effect sizes and standardized response means) were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 103 subjects were enrolled (mean age 7.4 ± 5.3 months). GRCD items were grouped into different subscales according to question content, which, with the exception of the behavior impact domain (ICC = 0.43), demonstrated internal consistency (alphas = 0.78-0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICCs = 0.77-0.94). Hypothesized correlations with parent global ratings of RSV severity ranged from 0.45 to 0.70 and provided support for construct validity. Support for discriminating ability was limited. Effect sizes ranged from - 1.48 to - 4.40, indicating the GRCD was responsive to change. CONCLUSIONS These psychometric analyses support the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the GRCD for assessing RSV symptoms in children < 24 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla DeMuro
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Sandy Lewis
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Paul Wisman
- Pediatric Research of Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Stan L. Block
- Kentucky Pediatric & Adult Research, Bardstown, KY USA
| | | | - Seth Toback
- United Therapeutics, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
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Lewis S, DeMuro C, Block SL, Senders S, Wisman P, Toback S, Chien JW, Williams V. Development of a novel observer-reported outcome measure for the assessment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection symptoms in pediatric clinical trials. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2018; 2:9. [PMID: 29757334 PMCID: PMC5935018 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-018-0034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a seasonal infection affecting most children by 2 years of age and the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection requiring hospitalization in infants. Novel antiviral medications are in development to improve the clinical outcomes of RSV; however, no clinical outcome assessments (COAs) for RSV have been developed in alignment with the United States Food and Drug Administration patient-reported outcome guidance to assist in the evaluation of new therapies. To address this need, an observer-reported outcome (ObsRO) measure designed to assess observable RSV symptoms was created. METHODS The literature was reviewed to evaluate existing COAs and identify constructs of interest. Individual caregiver interviews elicited concepts that informed item development, and candidate items were subsequently evaluated in two rounds of cognitive testing. Separate cohorts of caregivers of RSV-infected nonhospitalized and hospitalized infants participated. Therapeutic-area experts provided input throughout the instrument development process. RESULTS Caregivers of 39 children < 24 months old with RSV (31 nonhospitalized, 8 hospitalized) participated in in-depth, individual interviews during concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing, resulting in 21 concepts identified as potentially observable and relevant to young children with RSV. The item pool was reduced to 12 cardinal symptoms and behavior impacts reported to be directly observable by caregivers, with 10 daytime and 9 nighttime symptoms to capture diurnal variation in severity. CONCLUSIONS The RSV Caregiver Diary assesses RSV symptom severity and change from the parent or caregiver perspective in a standardized manner to measure treatment benefit. Following psychometric evaluation and refinement, this tool is expected to be suitable for assisting in the clinical development of RSV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Lewis
- RTI Health Solutions, 200 Park Offices Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Carla DeMuro
- RTI Health Solutions, 200 Park Offices Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Stan L. Block
- Kentucky Pediatric & Adult Research, Bardstown, KY USA
| | | | - Paul Wisman
- Pediatric Research of Charlottesville, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | | | | | - Valerie Williams
- RTI Health Solutions, 200 Park Offices Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
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Hayney MS, Henriquez KM, Barnet JH, Ewers T, Champion HM, Flannery S, Barrett B. Serum IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) as a biomarker for severity of acute respiratory infection in healthy adults. J Clin Virol 2017; 90:32-37. [PMID: 28334685 PMCID: PMC5408957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum IP-10 concentrations from 225 ARI episodes correlated with ARI severity for the episode. IP-10 concentrations varied with the viral pathogen that was identified. IP-10 may be a biomarker for ARI severity and for presence of a viral pathogen.
Background The inflammatory chemokine, interferon-gamma inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), is a biomarker associated with several conditions. Objectives This study investigated serum concentrations of IP-10 in healthy individuals who developed acute respiratory infection (ARI). The hypothesis is that serum IP-10 concentrations correlate with ARI severity and detection of viral pathogens. Study design Data come from a randomized controlled trial measuring the effects of mindfulness meditation or exercise on ARI (Clinical Trials ID: NCT01654289). Healthy adults ages 30–69 were followed for a single season for ARI incidence and severity. This trial is ongoing, and the investigators are still blinded. When a participant reported ARI symptoms, nasal swab and lavage for PCR-based viral identification and blood samples were collected within the first 72 h of ARI symptoms. Serum IP-10 concentrations were measured by ELISA (R&D Systems, Inc., Quantikine ELISA, Minneapolis, MN). ARI severity was measured using the validated Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-24) until the ARI episode resolved. Results Serum IP-10 concentrations from 225 ARI episodes correlated with ARI global severity (rho 0.28 [95% CI: 0.15–0.39]; p < 0.001). IP-10 concentrations were higher with an ARI in which a viral pathogen was detected compared to no viral pathogen detected (median 366 pg/ml [IQR: 227–486] vs 163 pg/ml [IQR: 127–295], p < 0.0001). Influenza infections had higher IP-10 concentrations than coronavirus, enterovirus or rhinovirus, and paramyxovirus. Conclusion Serum IP-10 concentration correlates with ARI global severity. Also, IP-10 concentration measured early in the course of the ARI correlates with the daily severity, duration, and illness symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Hayney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Kelsey M Henriquez
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jodi H Barnet
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Tola Ewers
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Heather M Champion
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sean Flannery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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Brown RL, Obasi CN, Barrett B. Rasch Analysis of The WURSS-21 Dimensional Validation and Assessment of Invariance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3. [PMID: 27812536 DOI: 10.15406/jlprr.2015.03.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to use Rasch analysis to explore the validity of considering self-report scores from Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21) as a single global illness severity domain. The WURSS-21 is a widely used questionnaire instrument that assesses symptom severity and functional impact of common cold and flu-like illness. METHODS This study applies item response theory, specifically Rasch modeling, to investigate dimensional and measurement properties of the WURSS-21, and looks at invariance over time. The data assessed represents 1167 people, each scoring the WURSS-21 once daily for up to seven consecutive days of acute upper respiratory infection (URI) illness. RESULTS Rasch analysis supports a single domain WURSS-21 global symptom score. Assessment of differential item functioning across seven days of illness provides evidence for measurement invariance. While individual items rating physical symptoms were somewhat variable, items rating functional impairment and quality of life impact appeared quite consistent across a single domain over seven days of illness. CONCLUSION Rasch analysis of WURSS-21 items provides evidential support for a single invariant domain. These findings support the practice of using a simply summed daily global illness severity score to represent the overall symptomatic and functional impairments arising from URI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Brown
- University of Wisconsin School of Nursing, Research Design & Statistics Unit
| | - Chidi N Obasi
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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Valentini F, Damásio BF. Variância Média Extraída e Confiabilidade Composta: Indicadores de Precisão. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-3772e322225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A variância média extraída (VME) e a confiabilidade composta (CC) são indicadores associados à qualidade de uma medida. No entanto, é necessário compreender adequadamente a dinâmica dos cálculos da VME e da CC, bem como as suas relações com os conceitos de validade e precisão para evitar equívocos na interpretação dos seus resultados. No presente artigo, ilustramos, por meio de modelos unifatoriais simulados, como o número de itens e a homogeneidade das cargas fatoriais impactam os valores da VME e da CC. Assim, problematizamos a utilização de pontos de cortes fixos para esses indicadores. Além disso, apresentamos argumentos endossando a VME como uma medida de precisão, e não de validade convergente.
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14
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Henriquez KM, Hayney MS, Xie Y, Zhang Z, Barrett B. Association of interleukin-8 and neutrophils with nasal symptom severity during acute respiratory infection. J Med Virol 2014; 87:330-7. [PMID: 25132248 PMCID: PMC4348013 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a large data set (n = 811), the relationship between acute respiratory infection illness severity and inflammatory biomarkers was investigated to determine whether certain symptoms are correlated more closely than others with the inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and nasal neutrophils. Participants with community acquired acute respiratory infection underwent nasal lavage for IL‐8 and neutrophil testing, in addition to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the detection and identification of respiratory viruses. Information about symptoms was obtained throughout the duration of the illness episode using the well‐validated Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS‐21). Global symptom severity was calculated by the area under the curve (AUC) plotting duration versus WURSS total. Of the specimens tested, 56% were positively identified for one or more of nine different respiratory viruses. During acute respiratory infection illness, both IL‐8 and neutrophils positively correlate with AUC (rs = 0.082, P = 0.022; rs = 0.080, P = 0.030). IL‐8 and neutrophils correlate with nasal symptom severity: runny nose (r = 0.13, P = < 0.00001; r = 0.18, P = < 0.003), plugged nose (r = 0.045, P = 0.003; r = 0.14, P = 0.058), and sneezing (r = −0.02, P = < 0.0001; r = −0.0055, P = 0.31). Neutrophils correlate with some quality of life measures such as sleeping well (r = 0.15, P = 0.026). Thus, the study demonstrates that IL‐8 and neutrophils are correlated with severity of nasal symptoms during acute respiratory infection. Further research is necessary to determine if the concentration of these or other biomarkers can predict the overall duration and severity of acute respiratory infection illness. J. Med. Virol. 87:330–337, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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