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Higuera-Gómez A, de Cuevillas B, Ribot-Rodríguez R, San-Cristobal R, de la O V, Dos Santos K, Cuevas-Sierra A, Martínez JA. Reciprocal and Differential Influences of Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity on Adiposity in a Cohort of Young and Older than 40 Years Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1777. [PMID: 38892710 PMCID: PMC11175043 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Translational research has documented the conjoint beneficial relationships between dietary and physical activity habits concerning weight maintenance. However, the precise interplay between diet and exercise impacting body composition remains unclear, challenging personalized interventions. This study aimed to explore potential interactions and effect modifications of these factors affecting the body mass index (BMI) within an online adult cohort. Data from 11,883 NUTRiMDEA cohort participants were analyzed in this cross-sectional study, categorizing individuals by age, sex, and BMI using linear regression models to assess the interactions between lifestyle factors and adiposity. Significant differences emerged in anthropometry, lifestyle, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) across categories. The combined effect of diet and physical activity had a greater impact on BMI than physical activity or Mediterranean diet adherence alone, with lower BMI as physical activity levels increased (β: -0.5) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreased, where a modification effect between them was identified (β: -0.28). Participants with lower Mediterranean diet adherence displayed superior BMI when physical activity was low, but when activity levels were higher, their BMI aligned with those with healthier dietary habits. An interaction link between lifestyle factors and BMI was found, showing the differential effects of the Mediterranean diet and physical activity combination concerning adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Higuera-Gómez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (V.d.l.O.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Begoña de Cuevillas
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (V.d.l.O.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Rosa Ribot-Rodríguez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (V.d.l.O.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, l’Université Laval (INAF), Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Víctor de la O
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (V.d.l.O.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Karina Dos Santos
- Josué de Castro Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 373, Carlos Chagas Filho Ave, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil;
- Public Health Nutrition Department, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 296, Pasteur Ave, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (V.d.l.O.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (V.d.l.O.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
- Biomedical Research Centre for Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition Network (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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TROMBETTA CLAUDIAMARIA, MARCONI DOMITILLA, LIPARI DARIO, PAMMOLLI ANDREA, ZAGRA LUIGI, MANINI ILARIA, MEONI VERONICA, SIMI RITA, GALEOTTI TOMMASO, LAZZERI GIACOMO. There is a correlation between nutritional status, Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction? Evidence from 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children cross sectional study in a sample of Italian adolescents living in Tuscany Region. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2024; 65:E43-E49. [PMID: 38706769 PMCID: PMC11066822 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2024.65.1.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Overweight has been associated with several social and phycological problems and is perceived as one of the major health care challenges to focus on in the future. The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlations among nutritional status, assessed by the Body Mass Index, the perception of one's own health status and Life Satisfaction, detected in Italian adolescents living in Tuscany Region, and to investigate the influence of gender on them. Methods A statistically representative sample of 2760 Tuscan adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 was involved in the 2018 Health Behaviours at School-aged Children survey. The participants were divided into three nutritional status class: underweight, normal weight and overweight (overweight + obese). Results The results show that there is a statistically significant difference in all categories between boys and girls aged 13 and 15 years; in girls aged 11 and 13 years, the Life Satisfaction of the overweight group is statistically lower than that of normal and underweight groups; Self-Rated Health is statistically lower in all age groups for overweight individuals compared to normal weight children, except for 11-year-old females. Conclusions Viewing the psychosocial problems related to overweight, more attention and care must be placed on adolescents to ensure their healthier development.
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Affiliation(s)
- CLAUDIA MARIA TROMBETTA
- Correspondence: Claudia Maria Trombetta, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy. E-mail:
| | - DOMITILLA MARCONI
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - DARIO LIPARI
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - ANDREA PAMMOLLI
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Research Center on Health Prevention and Promotion (CREPS), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - LUIGI ZAGRA
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - RITA SIMI
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Research Center on Health Prevention and Promotion (CREPS), University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - TOMMASO GALEOTTI
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Gacek M, Wojtowicz A, Kosiba G, Majer M, Gradek J, Koteja A, Czerwińska-Ledwig O. Satisfaction with Life and Nutritional Behaviour, Body Composition, and Functional Fitness of Women from the Kraków Population Participating in the "Healthy Active Senior" Programme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1877. [PMID: 36767242 PMCID: PMC9914927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pro-health behaviours are related to a person's personal resources. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between satisfaction with life (SWL), nutritional behaviours, somatic indices, and functional efficiency of senior women. The research was conducted among 120 women aged 60-84 (Me = 65) participating in the "Healthy Active Senior" project at the University of Physical Education in Kraków. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the proprietary validated questionnaire of nutritional behaviour were used. Body composition was assessed using the method of bioelectrical impedance (TANITA SC-330ST analyser), while physical fitness was evaluated via the Senior Fitness test (Fullerton Functional Fitness Test). Correlations between the variables were measured by implementing Spearman's R signed-rank correlation coefficients (with p < 0.05). Positive correlations between SWL and selected nutrition behaviours have been demonstrated, including eating 5-6 meals (p < 0.001) and drinking at least 2 litres of fluids a day (p = 0.023), consuming cereal products daily, including whole-grains (p = 0.001), avoiding alcoholic beverages (p = 0.030), and applying vitamin D supplementation (p = 0.010). At the same time, negative correlations between SWL and limiting the consumption of red as well as processed meats (p = 0.002), animal fats (p = 0.046), and the preference for vegetable oils in one's diet (p = 0.023) were shown. Significant correlations between satisfaction with life and two indicators of functional fitness were also confirmed: negative-with the variable '2.44-m Get-Up and Go' (p = 0.003); and positive-with the '2-Minute Step in Place' test (p = 0.034). The relationships between SWL and somatic indices did not reach the level of statistical significance. Among the women participating in the "Healthy Active Senior" programme, correlations between SWL and rational nutritional behaviours, as well as indices of functional fitness, were found (mostly positive), while the trends in these areas were not fully unambiguous, suggesting the validity of conducting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gacek
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtowicz
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kosiba
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Majer
- Institute of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Gradek
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Koteja
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
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Majcherek D, Kowalski AM, Lewandowska MS. Lifestyle, Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Mental Health Disorders of Employees in the European Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11913. [PMID: 36231214 PMCID: PMC9565551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring the health and well-being of workers should be a top priority for employers and governments. The aim of the article is to evaluate and rank the importance of mental health determinants: lifestyle, demographic factors and socio-economic status. The research study is based on EHIS 2013-2015 data for a sample of N = 140,791 employees from 30 European countries. The results obtained using machine learning techniques such as gradient-boosted trees and SHAPley values show that the mental health of European employees is strongly determined by the BMI, age and social support from close people. The next vital features are alcohol consumption, an unmet need for health care and sports activity, followed by the affordability of medicine or treatment, income and occupation. The wide range of variables clearly indicates that there is an important role for governments to play in order to minimize the risk of mental disorders across various socio-economic groups. It is also a signal for businesses to help boost the mental health of their employees by creating holistic, mentally friendly working conditions, such as offering time-management training, implementing morning briefings, offering quiet areas, making employees feel valued, educating them about depression and burnout symptoms, and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Majcherek
- Department of International Management, Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
- World Economy Research Institute, Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
- Department of International Management, Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, al. Niepodległości 162, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland
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Gugushvili A, Zelinska O, Präg P, Bulczak G. Does perceived social mobility affect health? Evidence from a fixed effects approach. Soc Sci Med 2022; 294:114705. [PMID: 35030398 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The question as to whether changing one's socioeconomic position over the life course affects health has not been answered in a conclusive manner. At the same time, it has been established that individuals who think of themselves that they are higher in the social hierarchy are healthier than those who think otherwise. OBJECTIVE In this study, we focus on perceived social mobility to shed new light on the issue of how social mobility affects health. We examine whether perceived social mobility, i.e., an individual's appraisal of doing better or worse than their parents, affects health by analyzing longitudinal data from Poland. METHODS Using a fixed effects approach to account for all time-invariant and important time-varying confounders, we analyze the Polish Panel Survey which has been collecting data on participants' social mobility perceptions along with information on their self-reported physical health and psychological wellbeing. RESULTS We find that perceived social mobility is a significant predictor of self-reported physical health and psychological wellbeing, even in models that adjust for a host of theoretically relevant control variables. The results demonstrate that upward subjective mobility has a consistent and strong positive effect on health outcomes. The effect of perceived social mobility is stronger for males and for those with less advantageous social origins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are in line with the "from rags to riches" theoretical perspective, emphasizing the positive implications of upward social mobility on health through various psychological mechanisms. Based on our findings, we call for greater scholarly attention to subjective aspects of social mobility in research on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Gugushvili
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo Postboks 1096 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy Swiat 72, 00 330, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Olga Zelinska
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy Swiat 72, 00 330, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Patrick Präg
- Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), ENSAE, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 5 Avenue Henry Le Chatelier, 91764, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Grzegorz Bulczak
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy Swiat 72, 00 330, Warszawa, Poland; Faculty of Management, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland.
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Gugushvili A, Reeves A. How democracy alters our view of inequality - and what it means for our health. Soc Sci Med 2021; 283:114190. [PMID: 34242889 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Income inequality is associated with poor health when economic disparities are especially salient. Yet, political institutions may alter this relationship because democracies (as opposed to autocracies) may be more inclined to frame inequalities in negative rather than positive ways. Living in a particular political system potentially alters the messages individuals receive about whether inequality is large or small, good or bad, and this, in turn, might affect whether beliefs about inequality influence health. Further, media coverage of economic inequality may negatively affect health if it contributes toward the general perception that the gap between rich and poor has gone up, even if there has been no change in income differentials. METHODS In this study, we explore the relationship between democracy, perceptions of inequality, and self-rated health across 28 post-communist countries using survey and macro-level data, multilevel regression models, and inverse probability weighting to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated. RESULTS We find that self-rated health is higher in more democratic countries and lower among people who believe that inequality has risen in the last few years. Moreover, we observe that people in democracies are more likely to learn about rising inequality through watching television and that when they do it has a more harmful effect on their health than when people in autocracies learn about rising inequality through the same channel, suggesting that in countries where there is less trust in the television media learning about rising inequality is not as harmful for health. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that while democracies are generally good for well-being, they may not be unambiguously positive for health. This does not mean, of course, that inequality is good for health nor that, on average, autocracies have better health than democracies; but rather that being more aware of inequality can negatively affect self-rated health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Gugushvili
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Postboks 1096 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aaron Reeves
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, OX1 2ER, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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