An effective lactic acid-modified Hβ zeolite for synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes

Efficient Green Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies of Indolemethanes Using a Bioglycerol-Based Carbon Sulfonic Acid Catalyst

Indolemethane derivatives are significant molecules in the study of N-heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we designed and developed a highly efficient green synthesis of indolemethane compounds using a recyclable biodegradable glycerol-based carbon solid acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature for 5 min with excellent yields. The synthesized compounds were subjected to cytotoxic activity against prostate (DU145), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and melanoma (B16) cell lines. The highest cytotoxicity effects were found with 1k (1.09 μM) and 1c (2.02 μM) against DU145, followed by 1a, 1d, 1f, 1n, and 1m between 5.10 and 8.18 μM concentrations. The anticancer activity is validated using molecular docking simulations, and comparing binding energies with the standard drug doxorubicin suggests that the title compounds are well fitted into the active site pocket of the target molecules..

Enhancing the Catalytic Properties of Mordenites via an Alkali-Acid Treatment and by Loading Nickel-Cerium during o-Ethyltoluene Isomerization

The catalytic performance of the selective isomerization of o-ethyltoluene (O-ET) is crucial to increasing the m-ethyltoluene (M-ET) and p-ethyltoluene (P-ET) yields. During the isomerization of O-ET, traditional (commercial) mordenites (HM) are generally limited by a high reaction temperature (235 °C), as well as a low yield of the isomerization product (49.0%). In this study, micro-mesoporous mordenites were obtained by treating commercial mordenites with NaOH, NaOH-HNO₃, and NaOH-mixed acid (HNO₃-oxalic). Thereafter, their structure, porosity, and acidity were investigated via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma, N₂ sorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of pyridine, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Among the various treated samples, the accessibility of the acidic sites and the B/L value of the alkali-mixed HNO₃-oxalic one were enhanced, achieving the highest yield (53.6%) and lowest reaction temperature (165 °C), thus significantly reducing the energy consumption of the reaction process. Furthermore, Ni and Ce were successfully loaded via the incipient wetness impregnation of the micro-mesoporous mordenite to significantly prolong the catalytic life. This study affords a new strategy for obtaining high M-ET and P-ET yields from the isomerization of O-ET in mixed C₉ aromatics on an industrial scale.

Meglumine as a green, efficient and reusable catalyst for synthesis and molecular docking studies of bis(indolyl)methanes as antioxidant agents

An efficient and convenient Meglumine catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes at ambient temperature under aqueous conditions in high yields. The catalytic reaction proceeds very smoothly. Clean reaction, ease of product isolation/purification, easily available reactants, metal free and environmentally friendly reaction conditions are the notable advantages of the present methodology. All the entitled compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H, ¹³C NMR, mass spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, H₂O₂ and NO scavenging methods). They exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity dose-dependently. The binding interactions and molecular docking studies for entitled compounds were studied against 3MNG protein. 4d exhibited marked binding affinity with excellent docking score of -7.6 K.cal/mol and emerged as a lead compound.