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Menchikov LG, Popov AV. Physiological Activity of Trace Element Germanium including Anticancer Properties. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1535. [PMID: 37371629 PMCID: PMC10295216 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Germanium is an essential microelement, and its deficiency can result in numerous diseases, particularly oncogenic conditions. Consequently, water-soluble germanium compounds, including inorganic and coordination compounds, have attracted significant attention due to their biological activity. The review analyzes the primary research from the last decade related to the anticancer activity of germanium compounds. Furthermore, the review clarifies their actual toxicity, identifies errors and misconceptions that have contributed to the discrediting of their biological activity, and briefly suggests a putative mechanism of germanium-mediated protection from oxidative stress. Finally, the review provides clarifications on the discovery history of water-soluble organic germanium compounds, which was distorted and suppressed for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid G. Menchikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anatoliy V. Popov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Anatomy Chemistry Building, Rm 317, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Belogolova EF, Shlykov SA, Eroshin AV, Doronina EP, Sidorkin VF. The hierarchy of ab initio and DFT methods for describing an intramolecular non-covalent SiN contact in the silicon compounds using electron diffraction geometries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2762-2774. [PMID: 33496285 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the series of silatranes XSi(OCH2CH2)3N, 1 (X = Me, 1a; H, 1b; F, 1c) with the known gas electron diffraction (GED) structures, the problematic geometry of 1-methylsilatrane 1a has been revised. In particular, the new value of the SiN distance (dSiN) in 1a turned out to be ∼0.06 Å longer than the generally accepted one. This dSiN resolves the long-standing contradiction between the data of the structural and spectral experiments regarding the sensitivity of 1 to the medium effect. We also performed the ab initio and DFT study of the combined series of silatranes 1a-c, silylalkylamines H3Si(CH2)3NMe2 (2a) and F3SiCH2NMe2 (2b), silylhydrazines F3SiN(Me)NMe2 (2c) and F3SiN(SiMe3)NMe2 (2d), and silyloxyamines ClH2SiONMe2 (2e,f), (F3C)F2SiONMe2 (2g,h) and F3SiONMe2 (2i), in which the GED dSiN values are in a wide range of 2-3 Å. None of the involved quantum chemical methods has succeeded in reproducing all the experimental gas-phase dSiN values in 1a-c, 2a-i with an acceptable accuracy (0.01-0.03 Å). The problems of the used methods, primarily CCSD with the Pople basis sets, are caused by four molecules with the geminal SiNN and SiON fragments (2d,f-i) and dSiN < 2.3 Å. A reasonable hierarchy of computationally accessible theory levels for studying the physicochemical manifestation of the non-covalent intramolecular SiN interactions can be constructed only at dSiN > 2.3 Å: MP2 < PBE0 ∼ B3PW91 ∼ SCS-MP2 < CCSD < CCSD(T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Belogolova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey A Shlykov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetievskiy ave. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey V Eroshin
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetievskiy ave. 7, 153000 Ivanovo, Russian Federation.
| | - Evgeniya P Doronina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Valery F Sidorkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
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Ruccolo S, Amemiya E, Shlian DG, Parkin G. Hydrosilyation of CO2 using a silatrane hydride: structural characterization of a silyl formate compound. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The silatrane hydride compound, [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiH, reacts with CO2 in the presence of the [tris(2-pyridylthio)methyl]zinc hydride complex, [Tptm]ZnH, to afford the silyl formate and methoxide derivatives, [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiO2CH and [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiOCH3. The molecular structure of [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiO2CH has been determined by X-ray diffraction, thereby demonstrating that the formate ligand adopts a distal conformation in which the uncoordinated oxygen atom resides with a trans-like disposition relative to silicon. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the atrane motif of [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiO2CH is flexible, such that the energy of the molecule changes relatively little as the Si···N distance varies over the range 2.0–3.0 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Erika Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G. Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Trofimova O, Grebneva E, Bolgova Y, Belogolova E, Emel’yanov A, Albanov A, Borodina T, Ivanova A, Korzhova S, Pozdnyakov A. The synthesis, characterization, and theoretical analysis of novel Si-substituted silylethyl derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trifluorosilylethyl derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole C6H4NYCS(CH2)2SiF3 (Y = O, S) have been synthesized in order to study the intramolecular N → Si interaction in compounds with the SiCCSCN fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Trofimova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Grebneva
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya Bolgova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Elena Belogolova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Artem Emel’yanov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Albanov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Tat’yana Borodina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Ivanova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Korzhova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Pozdnyakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
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Chachkov D, Ismagilova R, Vereshchagina Y. Mechanism of Reactions of 1-Substituted Silatranes and Germatranes, 2,2-Disubstituted Silocanes and Germocanes, 1,1,1-Trisubstituted Hyposilatranes and Hypogermatranes with Alcohols (Methanol, Ethanol): DFT Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122803. [PMID: 32560499 PMCID: PMC7356647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of reactions of silatranes and germatranes, and their bicyclic and monocyclic analogues with one molecule of methanol or ethanol, was studied at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) B3PW91/6-311++G(df,p) level of theory. Reactions of 1-substituted sil(germ)atranes, 2,2-disubstituted sil(germ)ocanes, and 1,1,1-trisubstituted hyposil(germ)atranes with alcohol (methanol, ethanol) proceed in one step through four-center transition states followed by the opening of a silicon or germanium skeleton and the formation of products. According to quantum chemical calculations, the activation energies and Gibbs energies of activation of reactions with methanol and ethanol are close, their values decrease in the series of atranes–ocanes–hypoatranes for interactions with both methanol and ethanol. The reactions of germanium-containing derivatives are characterized by lower activation energies in comparison with the reactions of corresponding silicon-containing compounds. The annular configurations of the product molecules with electronegative substituents are stabilized by the transannular N→X (X = Si, Ge) bond and different intramolecular hydrogen contacts with the participation of heteroatoms of substituents at the silicon or germanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Chachkov
- Kazan Department of Joint Supercomputer Center of Russian Academy of Sciences–Branch of Federal State Institution “Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the RAS”, Lobachevskogo 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Rezeda Ismagilova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Yana Vereshchagina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
- Correspondence: or
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6
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Sidorkin VF, Belogolova EF, Doronina EP, Liu G, Ciborowski SM, Bowen KH. “Outlaw” Dipole-Bound Anions of Intra-Molecular Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2001-2011. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery F. Sidorkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky, 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Elena F. Belogolova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky, 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya P. Doronina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky, 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sandra M. Ciborowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Vereshchagina YA, Ismagilova RR, Chachkov DV. Mechanism of Hydrolysis of 1,1,1-Trisubstituted Hyposilatranes and Hypogermatranes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Vereshchagina YA, Chachkov DV, Ismagilova RR, Vedeneeva EA. Mechanism of Hydrolysis of 2,2-Disubstituted Silocanes and Germocanes and 1-Substituted Silatranes and Germatranes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Martín-Fernández C, Montero-Campillo MM, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Weak interactions and cooperativity effects on disiloxane: a look at the building block of silicones. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1433337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Belogolova EF, Doronina EP, Sidorkin VF. Assignment of photoelectron spectra of intramolecular silicon complexes: 1-vinyl- and 1-phenylsilatranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26210-26220. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The problematic photoelectron spectra of 1-vinyl- and 1-phenylsilatranes were theoretically studied and the correlation between the VIE and thedSiNwas proposed to be used for the identification of orbitals in the Si←N coordination bond in XSi[OCH2CH2]3N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F. Belogolova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky
- Irkutsk 664033
- Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya P. Doronina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky
- Irkutsk 664033
- Russian Federation
| | - Valery F. Sidorkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky
- Irkutsk 664033
- Russian Federation
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12
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Bolgova YI, Timofeeva EN, Albanov AI, Trofimova OM, Chernov NF. 2,8,9-trioxa-5-aza-1-silabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane—efficient reagent for the synthesis of 1-substituted silatranes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017070272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Vereshchagina YA, Chachkov DV, Alimova AZ, Ishmaeva EA. Mechanism of the hydrolysis reactions of 1-hydroxysilatrane and 1-hydroxygermatrane, 2,2-dihydroxysilocane and 2,2-dihydroxygermocane. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1114486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis V. Chachkov
- Kazan Branch of Joint Supercomputer Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alsu Z. Alimova
- A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín-Luna
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
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15
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DFT study of the hydrolysis reaction in atranes and ocanes: the influence of transannular bonding. J Mol Model 2015; 22:3. [PMID: 26645807 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermochemical kinetics of hydrolysis reactions of compounds with transannular intramolecular M…N bonds, i.e., atranes RM(OCH2CH2)3N and ocanes R2M(OCH2CH2)2NH (M = Si, Ge; R = F, Cl, Me), is studied at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ theoretical level. Several DFT methods are assessed for the reproduction of the experimental activation barrier for the Si-O bond cleavage of 1-methylsilatrane. Activation barriers for atranes and ocanes show the tendency for their growth with the decrease of the electronegativity of a substituent R on going from F to Me and their decrease from Si to Ge. Hydrolysis activation barriers of atranes and ocanes are compared with those of their acyclic analogs RM(OCH3)3 and R2M(OCH2)2NH in order to study the role of transannular M…N bonds in the stability of these molecules to hydrolysis. Substantially larger barriers for atranes support the opinion that stability of atranes may be explained by the formation of intramolecular bonds; however, the strengthening of transannular M…N bonds results in lower M-O cleavage barriers. It was proposed that the M-O cleavage barrier height is determined not by a weak M…N bonding itself, but rather by the contribution of a nitrogen lone pair to the antibonding orbitals of M-O bonds. The NBO analysis show that this interaction increases with the decrease of the electronegativity of a substituent R and decreases on going from atranes to ocanes. In ocanes, the presence of M…N bonds does not kinetically hinder the hydrolytic process; M-O cleavage activation barriers for acyclic analogs are higher. M-Hal cleavage barriers are substantially higher than those for M-O cleavage for R = F, but lower for R = Cl. Graphical Abstract The experimental barrier height of the Si-O bond cleavage in 1-methylsilatrane is well reproduced when three explicit water molecules are included in the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ theoretical model.
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16
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Korlyukov AA. Coordination compounds of tetravalent silicon, germanium and tin: the structure, chemical bonding and intermolecular interactions in them. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Sidorkin VF, Belogolova EF, Doronina EP. Assignment of photoelectron spectra of silatranes: first ionization energies and the nature of the dative Si←N contact. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26225-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The problematic experimental (8–12 eV) photoelectron spectra of silatranes were theoretically studied and the correlation was found between the first vertical ionization energies, VIEs1, and the various characteristics of the coordination Si←N contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery F. Sidorkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky
- Irkutsk 664033
- Russian Federation
| | - Elena F. Belogolova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky
- Irkutsk 664033
- Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya P. Doronina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky
- Irkutsk 664033
- Russian Federation
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Ignatovich L, Jouikov V. Organogermatranes and their cation radicals by EPR-spectroelectrochemistry and ab initio calculations. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Belogolova EF, Sidorkin VF. Correlation among the gas-phase, solution, and solid-phase geometrical and NMR parameters of dative bonds in the pentacoordinate silicon compounds. 1-Substituted silatranes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5365-76. [PMID: 23777391 DOI: 10.1021/jp4035216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Silatranes XSi(OCH2CH2)3N exhibit a good linear relationship between their experimental and calculated (IGLO and GIAO) values of the NMR chemical shifts of (15)N, δN, and the lengths of dative bonds Si←N, dSiN, determined in the gas phase (ED, CCSD), solutions (COSMO PBE0, B3PW91), and crystals (X-ray). An aggregate of the obtained data provides strong evidence that the gas-phase value of dSiN in MeSi(OCH2CH2)3N should be greater by ∼0.05 Å than that determined in the electron diffraction (ED) experiment (2.45 Å). Given this condition, a long-standing contradiction between the data of the structural (X-ray, ED) and NMR (15)N experiments for the molecules of 1-methyl- and 1-fluorosilatrane regarding the sensitivity of their coordination contact Si←N to the medium effect is resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Belogolova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky, 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
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20
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Ignatyev IS, Sundius T. Vibrational spectra of silatranes and germatranes XM(OCH₂CH₂)₃N (X=F,Cl,H; M=Si,Ge). The problem of the theoretical prediction of condensed phase spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 95:37-45. [PMID: 22613122 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The structures of silatranes and germatranes XM(OCH(2)CH(2))(3)N (X=F,Cl,H; M=Si,Ge) were optimized and their vibrational spectra were calculated at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. Theoretical frequencies of vibrations perpendicular to the C(3) axis (E type) are in good agreement with experimental values, while the axial vibrations (MX and M...N stretchings) demonstrate a significant discrepancy with experimental spectra recorded for the crystalline state. This discrepancy stems from the well-known difference in the MX and M...N bond lengths in gas and solid state. The force constant scaling procedure was used to compensate for this difference. As a result a set of scaling factors was refined for 1-Cl-germatrane (the unique atrane for which the distinction between A and E modes was experimentally established). This set was transferred to the theoretical force fields of other atranes, which provided a fair reproduction of their experimental frequencies. The analysis of the normal modes allowed us to assign the ν M...N mode to bands in the 180-270 cm(-1) frequency range, although large contributions of these coordinates are in two other modes in the 450-500 cm(-1) and 600-800 cm(-1) frequency ranges. The frequencies of degenerate vibrations (with vectors perpendicular to the C(3) axis) do not depend substantially on the axial atom (X and M) substitution, while those of A-type in the 200-700 cm(-1) frequency range vary significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Ignatyev
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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21
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Sok S, Gordon MS. A dash of protons: A theoretical study on the hydrolysis mechanism of 1-substituted silatranes and their protonated analogs. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Lin Y, Song B, Han A, Hu S, Ye F, Xie Z. Synthesis of γ-Arylmethylene-aminopropyl-3,7,10-trimethyl-silatrane Derivatives and Their Activities of Regulating Plant Growth. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2010.496747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Lin
- a School of Pharmacy , Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- a School of Pharmacy , Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anyue Han
- a School of Pharmacy , Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suwen Hu
- a School of Pharmacy , Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Faqing Ye
- a School of Pharmacy , Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zixin Xie
- a School of Pharmacy , Wenzhou Medical College , Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
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Puri JK, Singh R, Chahal VK. Silatranes: a review on their synthesis, structure, reactivity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1791-840. [DOI: 10.1039/b925899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Korlyukov AA, Lyssenko KA, Antipin MY, Grebneva EA, Albanov AI, Trofimova OM, Zel’bst EA, Voronkov MG. Si-Fluoro substituted quasisilatranes (N→Si) FYSi(OCH2CH2)2NR. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kovács I, Matern E, Sattler E, Anson CE, Párkányi L. The synthesis, crystal structures and NMR spectroscopic investigation of 3,7,10-trimethylsilatranes and carbasilatranes. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lermontova EK, Churakov AV, Howard JAK, Oprunenko YF, Karlov SS, Zaitseva GS. Synthesis and structural consideration of 1-chloro-N,N′,N″-tris(pentafluorophenyl)azagermatrane: Azagermatrane with the shortest intramolecular N → Ge bond. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Soualmi S, Ignatovich L, Lukevics E, Ourari A, Jouikov V. Electrochemical oxidation of benzyl germatranes. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ignatyev IS, Sundius TR, Vrazhnov DV, Kochina TA, Voronkov MG. Bonding in germatranyl cation and germatranes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fernandez L, Viruela-Martin P, Latorre J, Guillem C, Beltrán A, Amorós P. Molecular precursors of mesostructured silica materials in the atrane route: A DFT/GIAO/NBO theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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