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Wang X, Li Q, Scheiner S. Search for Osme Bonds with π Systems as Electron Donors. Molecules 2023; 29:79. [PMID: 38202661 PMCID: PMC10779769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Osme bond is defined as pairing a Group 8 metal atom as an electron acceptor in a noncovalent interaction with a nucleophile. DFT calculations with the ωB97XD functional consider MO4 (M = Ru, Os) as the Lewis acid, paired with a series of π electron donors C2H2, C2H4, C6H6, C4H5N, C4H4O, and C4H4S. The calculations establish interaction energies in the range between 9.5 and 26.4 kJ/mol. Os engages in stronger interactions than does Ru, and those involving more extensive π-systems within the aromatic rings form stronger bonds than do the smaller ethylene and acetylene. Extensive analysis questions the existence of a true Osme bond, as the bonding chiefly involves interactions with the three O atoms of MO4 that lie closest to the π-system, via π(C-C)→σ*(M-O) transfers. These interactions are supplemented by back donation from M-O bonds to the π*(CC) antibonding orbitals of the π-systems. Dispersion makes a large contribution to these interactions, higher than electrostatics and much greater than induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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Jabłoński M. A Critical Overview of Current Theoretical Methods of Estimating the Energy of Intramolecular Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235512. [PMID: 33255559 PMCID: PMC7728086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is probably the first such comprehensive review of theoretical methods for estimating the energy of intramolecular hydrogen bonds or other interactions that are frequently the subject of scientific research. Rather than on a plethora of numerical data, the main focus is on discussing the theoretical rationale of each method. Additionally, attention is paid to the fact that it is very often possible to use several variants of a particular method. Both of the methods themselves and their variants often give wide ranges of the obtained estimates. Attention is drawn to the fact that the applicability of a particular method may be significantly limited by various factors that disturb the reliability of the estimation, such as considerable structural changes or new important interactions in the reference system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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On differences in substituent effects in substituted ethene and acetylene derivatives and their boranyl analogs. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis article is the first attempt to present different influence of substituent effects on double and triple bonds and, conversely, to present the impact of these bonds on the electronic structure of substituents. For this purpose, quantum-mechanical calculations were made for X-substituted derivatives of ethene and acetylene with 27 diverse substituents representing a wide spectrum of electronic properties, from strongly electron-accepting to strongly electron-donating ones. In addition to these systems, their boranyl derivatives are also investigated. It turns out that the Hammett substituent constants do not correctly describe changes in the CC bond length in any of the considered family of systems. However, the relationships with the CB bond length are significantly better. It is shown that the triple bond in acetylene derivatives is much more resistant to external perturbations than the double bond in the analogs containing an ethene unit. As a consequence, in acetylene derivatives, the substituent effects on CC bond length are about half of the substituent effects in ethene derivatives. We suggest that the observed lack of a clear linear correlation between the length of the CC triple bond in acetylene derivatives and the value of electron density on this bond is due to the disturbing additional interaction between the structure of the X substituent in the xy plane and the π bond being in the same plane in the acetylene unit—on the contrary, this interaction is not possible in ethene analogs.
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Freitas VLS, da Silva MDMCR. Structural and Energetic Insights on Two Dye Compounds: 1-Acetyl-2-Naphthol and 2-Acetyl-1-Naphthol. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173827. [PMID: 32842699 PMCID: PMC7504395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy involved in the structural switching of acyl and hydroxyl substituents in the title compounds was evaluated combining experimental and computational studies. Combustion calorimetry and Knudsen effusion techniques were used to determine the enthalpies of formation, in the crystalline state, and of sublimation, respectively. The gas-phase enthalpy of formation of both isomers was derived combining these two experimental data. Concerning the computational study, the G3(MP2)//B3LYP composite method was used to optimize and determine the energy of the isomers in the gaseous state. From a set of hypothetical reactions it has been possible to estimate the gas-phase enthalpy of formation of the title compounds. The good agreement between the experimental and computational gas-phase enthalpies of formation of the 1-acetyl-2-naphthol and 2-acetyl-1-naphthol isomers, provided the confidence for extending the computational study to the 2-acetyl-3-naphthol isomer. The structural rearrangement of the substituents in position 1 and 2 in the naphthalene ring and the energy of the intramolecular hydrogen bond are the factors responsible for the energetic differences exhibited by the isomers. The gas phase tautomeric keto ↔ enol equilibria of the o-acetylnaphthol isomers were analyzed using the Boltzmann’s distribution.
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Jabłoński M, Krygowski TM. Changes in Electron Structure of the Triple Bond in Substituted Acetylene and Diacetylene Derivatives. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1847-1857. [PMID: 32511830 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The substituent effect is usually considered by means of various Hammett-like substituent constants and is most often related to aromatic systems. Unlike this, we present results of our research on the influence of 27 substituents spanning a wide range of electronic properties, from strongly electron-withdrawing to strongly electron-donating, on the electron structure of X-substituted acetylenes and diacetylenes - thus the systems which until now have practically not been subject of any deeper studies. It is shown that the interaction through triple bond(s) is associated with a significant advantage of resonance effects and that the substituent effect transmitted by the C≡C-C≡C unit is about half of that transmitted by the C≡C unit alone. Substituent X mainly affects the closest carbon atom by means of proximity effect, hence changes of charge on this atom do not follow any substituent constants. The effect on further carbon atoms is much smaller. The presence of the C≡C-C≡C unit withdraws more charge from X than a triple bond alone, and hinders communication between X and the terminal H atom. Comparison of substituent effects to those present in X-substituted benzene derivatives shows that the electronic properties of the terminal hydrogen atom in acetylenes and diacetylenes are most similar to the electronic properties of ortho and para hydrogen atoms in X-substituted benzene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tadeusz M Krygowski
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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de Oliveira BG, Zabardasti A, do Rego DG, Pour MM. The formation of H···X hydrogen bond, C···X carbon-halide or Si···X tetrel bonds on the silylene-halogen dimers (X = F or Cl): intermolecular strength, molecular orbital interactions and prediction of covalency. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jabłoński M, Krygowski TM. Study of the influence of intermolecular interaction on classical and reverse substituent effects in para-substituted phenylboranes. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The substituent effect and the reverse substituent effect in para-substituted phenylboranes and the influence of the intermolecular interaction of H⋯B type with either silane or methylsilane on the latter of these effects are extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- 87-100 Toruń
- Poland
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Honacker C, Kappelt B, Jabłoński M, Hepp A, Layh M, Rogel F, Uhl W. Aluminium Functionalized Germanes: Intramolecular Activation of Ge–H Bonds, Formation of a Dihydrogen Bond and Facile Hydrogermylation of Unsaturated Substrates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Benedikt Kappelt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Quantum Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 7, Gagarina St. 87‐100 Toruń Poland
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Friedhelm Rogel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
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Jabłoński M. On the Uselessness of Bond Paths Linking Distant Atoms and on the Violation of the Concept of Privileged Exchange Channels. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:497-507. [PMID: 31019875 PMCID: PMC6470636 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We refer to frequently used determinants suggesting dominant interactions between distant atoms in various dimers. First of all, we show, against the still-prevailling opinion, that, in general, bond paths have nothing in common with dominant intermolecular interactions and therefore they are useless in such cases. Quite the contrary, reliable information about dominant intermolecular interactions can be obtained by means of electrostatic potential maps, which very convincingly explain mutual orientation of molecules in a dimer. For the first time, numerous examples of interactions that violate both the concept of privileged exchange channels proposed by Pendás and his collaborators as well as inequalities obtained by Tognetti and Joubert for the β parameter related to secondary interactions are presented. The possible cause of this violation is suggested. We also show that the so-called counterintuitive bond paths result from quite natural behavior of the electron density gradient vector, i. e. searching for those areas of space that are characterized by large values of electron density or the most expanded its distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryNicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń7-Gagarina St.87-100ToruńPoland
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Interplay of thermochemistry and Structural Chemistry, the journal (volume 28, 2017, issues 5–6), and the discipline. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Triel-Bonded Complexes between TrR3
(Tr=B, Al, Ga; R=H, F, Cl, Br, CH3
) and Pyrazine. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3122-3133. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Science and Technology; Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Science and Technology; Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University Logan; Utah 84322-0300 United States
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Jabłoński M. Bond paths between distant atoms do not necessarily indicate dominant interactions. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2183-2195. [PMID: 30298926 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the article is to revive discussion on the interpretation of bond paths linking distant atoms, particularly tracing weak interactions in dimers. According to the Pendás' concept of privileged exchange channel, a bond path is formed between this pair of competing atoms, which is associated with larger value of the exchange energy. We point out that, due to the short-range nature of the exchange energy, bond paths linking distant atoms clearly become doubtful indicators of dominant intermolecular interactions, particularly if some other characteristics (geometric, spectroscopic, based on electrostatic parameters, etc.) indicate other intermolecular interactions as dominant. Several such cases are thoroughly investigated. We show that electrostatic parameters are much more reliable indicators of dominant intermolecular interactions than bond paths. Then, we pay attention that the presence of ("unexpected", i.e., not necessarily indicating dominant intermolecular interactions) bond paths between pairs of atoms featuring highly expanded charge distributions can be easily explained by visual exploration of isodensity contour plots. As always pointing in the direction of the steepest increase, the gradient vector of the electron density favors areas of its high values gaining higher exchange energy, yet being blind to highly electron deficient areas nearby, which, however, can quite often be involved in dominant intermolecular interactions as strongly suggested by many other bonding analysis. We also suggest that an interatomic component of Hellmann-Feynman force would most likely be the most reliable indicator of attractive or repulsive character of individual interatomic interaction. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7-Gagarina Street, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Zhang J, Wei Y, Li W, Cheng J, Li Q. Triel-hydride triel bond between ZX3
(Z = B and Al; X = H and Me) and THMe3
(T = Si, Ge and Sn). Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Wei
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzuo Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
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Jabłoński M. Hydride-Triel Bonds. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1177-1191. [PMID: 29399829 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present the results of our comprehensive studies of 72 dimers of the R3XXH⋯YR3Y type (X = Si, Ge; Y = B, Al, Ga; RX = H, Cl, Me; RY = H, F, Cl, Me) and featuring hydride-triel bonds (i.e., charge-inverted hydrogen bonds). Influence of X and Y atoms as well as RX and RY substituents on various properties of these dimers is investigated in detail. In particular the strength of the H⋯Y hydride-triel bonds is paid a close attention and it is shown that hydride-triel bonds can be strong enough to considerably determine structure and properties of molecular systems. In addition, properties of the investigated dimers are largely governed by the charge transfer from the Lewis base to the Lewis acid, which is particularly important if more bulky and polarizable RY and Y atoms are present in the YR3Y molecule. Several excellent linear (R2 close to 1) and exponential correlations between pairs of diverse parameters are presented. Few instances are discussed where somewhat unexpected bond paths exist between two atoms featuring partial negative charges (e.g., between hydride hydrogen and halogen and between lateral sides of two halogens) showing that in some cases a bond path prefers to link two closely spaced electron-rich atoms instead of two atoms that are expected to form a bond. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7-Gagarina St, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
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