The reactivity enhancement in Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 1,3-diene by cation encapsulation to C60: a computational insight

Reactivity of the superhalogen/superalkali ion encapsulating C60 fullerenes

The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and a series of C₆₀ fullerenes with encapsulated (super)alkali/(super)halogen species (Li⁺@C₆₀, Li₂F⁺@C₆₀, Cl^-@C₆₀, and LiF₂^-@C₆₀) was explored by means of DFT calculations. The reactivity of the ion encapsulating systems was compared to that of the parent C₆₀ fullerene. Significant enhancement in reactivity was found for cation-encapsulating Li⁺/Li₂F⁺@C₆₀ complexes. The cycloadduct formed by LiF₂^-@C₆₀ was found to be the most thermodynamically favorable among the studied ones. In contrast, encapsulation of Cl^- anions disfavors the cycloaddition reaction both kinetically and thermodynamically. Higher activation energy barrier and less stability of the reaction product in the case of Cl^-@C₆₀ were associated with the higher deformation energies of the fullerene cage and the lower interaction energy between the reactants in comparison with the other studied complexes.