1
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Ren RQ, Long ZW, Li SX, Gao CG. Size effects and electronic properties of zinc-doped boron clusters Zn B n (n = 1-15). J Mol Model 2024; 30:123. [PMID: 38573432 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT To gain a deeper understanding of zinc-doped boron clusters, theoretical calculations were performed to investigate the size effects and electronic properties of zinc-doped boron clusters. The study of the electronic properties, spectral characteristics, and geometric structures of Zn B n (n = 1-15) is of great significance in the fields of semiconductor materials science, material detection, and improving catalytic efficiency. The results indicate that Zn B n (n = 1-15) clusters predominantly exhibit planar or quasi-planar structures, with the Zn atom positioned in the outer regions of the B n framework. The second stable structure of Zn B 3 is a three-dimensional configuration, indicating that the structures of zinc-doped boron clusters begin to convert from the planar or quasi-planar structures to the 3D configurations. The second low-energy structure of Zn B 15 is a novel configuration. Relative stability analyses show that the Zn B 12 has better chemical stability than other clusters with a HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.79 eV. Electric charge analysis shows that part electrons on zinc atoms are transferred to boron atoms, and electrons prefer to cluster near the B n framework. According to the electron localization function, it gets harder to localize electrons as the equivalent face value drops, and it's challenging to see covalent bond formation between zinc and boron atoms. The spectrograms of Zn B n (n = 1-15) exhibit distinct properties and notable spectral features, which can be used as a theoretical basis for the identification and confirmation of boron clusters doped with single-atom transition metals. METHODS The calculations were performed using the ABCluster global search technique combined with density functional theory (DFT) methods. The selected low-energy structures were subjected to geometric optimization and frequency calculations at the PBE0/6-311 + G(d) level to ensure structural stability and eliminate any imaginary frequencies. To acquire more precise relative energies, we performed single-point energies calculations for the low-lying isomers of Zn B n (n = 1-15) at the CCSD(T)/6-311 + G(d)//PBE0/6-311 + G(d) level of theory. All calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 software. To facilitate analysis, we utilized software tools such as Multiwfn, and VMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Qin Ren
- Department of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Long
- Department of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Shi-Xiong Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Gao
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China
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2
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Sai L, Wu X, Li F. B 96: a complete core-shell structure with high symmetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15687-15690. [PMID: 35661179 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A complete core-shell and highly symmetric B96 was designed. The core-shell B96 of Th symmetry is energetically favorable compared to the bilayer motif and the core-shell structure can be well maintained during first-principles molecular dynamics simulations at high temperatures (up to 1000 K). Moreover, it exhibits a superatomic electronic configuration and spherical aromaticity. Our theoretical work not only confirmed that the core-shell structural pattern is more energetically favorable for large-sized boron clusters, but also provided a strategy to design large boron clusters with a core-shell structure of high symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Sai
- School of Science, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China.,Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fengyu Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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3
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Duong LV, Si NT, Hung NP, Nguyen MT. The binary boron lithium clusters B 12Li n with n = 1-14: in search for hydrogen storage materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24866-24877. [PMID: 34723314 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03682c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular structures and properties of the binary clusters containing twelve boron atoms mixed with n lithium atoms, B12Lin with n = 1-14, were investigated using density functional theory with the TPSSh functional and the 6-311+G(d) basis set. Energetic parameters including relative energies, average binding energies and second-order energies of the entire series were predicted using the coupled-cluster theory (U)CCSD(T) in conjunction with the cc-pVTZ basis set. Several lowest-lying isomers were determined for each size B12Lin whose energies differ from each other by <3 kcal mol-1, except for n = 1, 2 and 4 (≤5 kcal mol-1), and particularly n = 8 (∼13 kcal mol-1). Electronic structure and chemical bonding in some specific sizes such as B12Li4, B12Li8 and B12Li14 were analyzed in detail. We established the electron shells of some magic clusters such as the B12Li4 cone for which we proposed a mixed cone-disk electron shell model. Thanks to both the phenomenological shell and Clemenger-Nilsson models, B12Li8 which contains a specific set of shells of 44 valence electrons is a high stability species. The arrangement of Li atoms around a fullerene B12 framework shows that the mixed B12Li8 emerges as the most suitable of this cluster series to adsorb molecular hydrogen. Up to 32 H2 molecules can strongly be attached to the B12Li8 cluster which is thus predicted to be a realistic candidate for hydrogen storage material with gravimetric density reaching up to a theoritical limit of 26 wt%. Attachment of the fifth H2 molecule to each Li atom of B12Li8 results in weaker average bonds but can give rise to a total of 40 H2 molecules, corresponding to 30 wt% of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Van Duong
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Si
- Department of Chemistry, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phi Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon, Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Getmanskii IV, Zaitsev SA, Koval VV, Minyaev RM, Minkin VI. Computationally Designed Crystal Structures of the Supertetrahedral Ga 4C and Ga 4Si Solids. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6556-6561. [PMID: 34291645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of new supertetrahedral structures cF-Ga4X (X = C, Si) were studied by using a solid state DFT calculation. The crystal structures of cF-Ga4X are built based on a diamond crystal lattice, in which pairs of adjacent carbon atoms are replaced by Ga4X fragments, where Ga4 is a tetrahedron of gallium atoms. Calculations have shown that new mixed-type supertetrahedral structures are dynamically stable, have densities of 3.49 g/cm3 (X = C) and 2.65 g/cm3 (X = Si), and are narrow band gap semiconductors. From the performed molecular dynamics calculations, it follows that the homogeneous melting temperature of the gallium-carbon structure is in the range from 600 to 700 K and that of the gallium-silicon structure is in the range from 400 to 500 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliya V Getmanskii
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav A Zaitsev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy V Koval
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ruslan M Minyaev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
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5
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Penev ES, Liu Y, Altalhi T, Kutana A, Yakobson BI. Stable Low-Dimensional Boron Chalcogenides from Planar Structural Motifs. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6059-6063. [PMID: 34242026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in searching for new low-dimensional (low-D) materials for nanoelectronics and energy applications. Most materials have their structural units extended in three dimensions and connected with chemical bonds. When the dimension is reduced, these bonds will be broken, decreasing the stability and making their experimental realization difficult. Here, we show that stable low-D materials can be made from naturally existing planar structural units. This is demonstrated by first-principles study of boron chalcogenides (B-X), which can have various low-D structures with attractive properties. For example, B2O3 can be the thinnest proton-exchange membrane for fuel cells. B-X are wide-gap semiconductors that can complement the narrow-gap 2D metal dichalcogenides for (opto)electronics. Our work sheds light on the stability of low-D materials and suggests guidelines for rational design of new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Chemistry Department, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex Kutana
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Chemistry Department, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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6
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Buelna-García CE, Robles-Chaparro E, Parra-Arellano T, Quiroz-Castillo JM, del-Castillo-Castro T, Martínez-Guajardo G, Castillo-Quevedo C, de-León-Flores A, Anzueto-Sánchez G, Martin-del-Campo-Solis MF, Mendoza-Wilson AM, Vásquez-Espinal A, Cabellos JL. Theoretical Prediction of Structures, Vibrational Circular Dichroism, and Infrared Spectra of Chiral Be 4B 8 Cluster at Different Temperatures. Molecules 2021; 26:3953. [PMID: 34203563 PMCID: PMC8271876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lowest-energy structures, the distribution of isomers, and their molecular properties depend significantly on geometry and temperature. Total energy computations using DFT methodology are typically carried out at a temperature of zero K; thereby, entropic contributions to the total energy are neglected, even though functional materials work at finite temperatures. In the present study, the probability of the occurrence of one particular Be4B8 isomer at temperature T is estimated by employing Gibbs free energy computed within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics and nanothermodynamics. To identify a list of all possible low-energy chiral and achiral structures, an exhaustive and efficient exploration of the potential/free energy surfaces is carried out using a multi-level multistep global genetic algorithm search coupled with DFT. In addition, we discuss the energetic ordering of structures computed at the DFT level against single-point energy calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory. The total VCD/IR spectra as a function of temperature are computed using each isomer's probability of occurrence in a Boltzmann-weighted superposition of each isomer's spectrum. Additionally, we present chemical bonding analysis using the adaptive natural density partitioning method in the chiral putative global minimum. The transition state structures and the enantiomer-enantiomer and enantiomer-achiral activation energies as a function of temperature evidence that a change from an endergonic to an exergonic type of reaction occurs at a temperature of 739 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Emiliano Buelna-García
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Edificio 3G, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.E.B.-G.); (J.M.Q.-C.); (T.d.-C.-C.)
- Organización Científica y Tecnológica del Desierto, Hermosillo 83150, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Robles-Chaparro
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biologicas, Edificio 5A, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (T.P.-A.); (A.d.-L.-F.)
| | - Tristan Parra-Arellano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biologicas, Edificio 5A, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (T.P.-A.); (A.d.-L.-F.)
| | - Jesus Manuel Quiroz-Castillo
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Edificio 3G, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.E.B.-G.); (J.M.Q.-C.); (T.d.-C.-C.)
| | - Teresa del-Castillo-Castro
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Edificio 3G, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (C.E.B.-G.); (J.M.Q.-C.); (T.d.-C.-C.)
| | - Gerardo Martínez-Guajardo
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Área de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónomade Zacatecas, Km. 6 Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara s/n, Ejido La Escondida C.P., Zacatecas 98160, Zac, Mexico;
| | - Cesar Castillo-Quevedo
- Departamento de Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Federal No. 23, Km. 191, C.P., Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.C.-Q.); (M.F.M.-d.-C.-S.)
| | - Aned de-León-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biologicas, Edificio 5A, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.R.-C.); (T.P.-A.); (A.d.-L.-F.)
| | | | - Martha Fabiola Martin-del-Campo-Solis
- Departamento de Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Federal No. 23, Km. 191, C.P., Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.C.-Q.); (M.F.M.-d.-C.-S.)
| | - Ana Maria Mendoza-Wilson
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, CIAD, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 498, Santiago 8370035, Chile;
| | - Jose Luis Cabellos
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Edificio 3M, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
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7
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Pei L, Yan Q, Li S. Predicting the Structural Transition in Medium‐Sized Boron Nanoclusters: From Bilayer B
64
, B
66
, B
68
, B
70
, and B
72
to Core‐Shell B
74. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pei
- Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Safety Binzhou University Binzhou 256603 China
| | - Qiao‐Qiao Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Si‐Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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8
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Wöhner K, Wulf T, Vankova N, Heine T. Strong Binding of Noble Gases to [B 12X 11] -: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4760-4765. [PMID: 34036781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We systematically explore the stability and properties of [B12X11NG]- adducts resulting from the binding of noble gas atoms to anionic [B12X11]- clusters in the gas phase of mass spectrometers. [B12X11]- can be obtained by stripping one X- off the icosahedral closo-dodecaborate dianion [B12X12]2-. We study the binding of the noble gas atoms He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe to [B12X11]- with substituents X = F, Cl, Br, I, and CN. While He cannot be captured by these clusters and Ne only binds at low temperatures, the complexes with the heavier noble gas atoms Ar, Kr, and Xe show appreciable complexation energies and exceed 1 eV at room temperature in the case of [B12(CN)11Xe]-. The predicted B-NG equilibrium distance in the complexes with Ar, Kr, and Xe is only 0.10-0.25 Å longer than the sum of the covalent radii of the two corresponding atoms, and a significant charge transfer from the noble gas atom to the icosahedral B12 cage is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wöhner
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Wilhelm Ostwald Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Toshiki Wulf
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Wilhelm Ostwald Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Vankova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Research Site Leipzig, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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9
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Bamford KL, Qu Z, Stephan DW. Reactions of B 2 (o-tolyl) 4 with Boranes: Assembly of the Pentaborane(9), HB[B(o-tolyl)(μ-H)] 4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8532-8536. [PMID: 33539608 PMCID: PMC8048642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the diborane(4) B2 (o-tolyl)4 and monohydridoboranes are shown to give B(o-tolyl)3 and (o-tolyl)BR2 (R2 =(C8 H14 ) 3, cat 4, pin 5, (C6 F5 )2 6) as the major products. The corresponding reaction with BH3 -sources gives complex mixtures, resulting from hydride/aryl exchange, dimerization and borane elimination. This led to the isolation of the first tetra-substituted pentaborane(9) HB[B(o-tolyl)(μ-H)]4 8. The reaction pathways are probed experimentally and by computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee L. Bamford
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George St.TorontoOntarioM5S3H6Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George St.TorontoOntarioM5S3H6Canada
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10
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Bamford KL, Qu Z, Stephan DW. Reactions of B
2
(
o
‐tolyl)
4
with Boranes: Assembly of the Pentaborane(9), HB[B(
o
‐tolyl)(μ‐H)]
4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karlee L. Bamford
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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