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Kasembele GK, Manda AC, Abwe E, Pariselle A, Bukinga FM, Huyse T, Jorissen MWP, Vreven EJWMN, Luus-Powell WJ, Smit WJ, Sara JR, Snoeks J, Vanhove MPM. First record of monogenean fish parasites in the Upper Lufira River Basin (Democratic Republic of Congo): dactylogyrids and gyrodactylids infesting Oreochromis mweruensis, Coptodon rendalli and Serranochromis macrocephalus (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:48. [PMID: 36732829 PMCID: PMC9893698 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenean parasites have never been formally reported on fishes from the Lufira River Basin. In this context, we decided to record the monogenean parasite fauna of three cichlid species found in the Upper Lufira River Basin for the first time by inventorizing their diversity (species composition) and analysing their infection parameters (prevalence, mean intensity and abundance). METHODS The African cichlid fishes Oreochromis mweruensis, Coptodon rendalli and Serranochromis macrocephalus were selected for the study, given their economic value and their abundance in the Upper Lufira River Basin. Monogeneans were isolated from the gills and stomach, mounted on glass slides with either Hoyer's medium or ammonium picrate-glycerin for identification under a stereomicroscope, based on morphological analysis of genital and haptoral hard parts. Indices of diversity and infections parameters were calculated. RESULTS A total of 13 gill monogenean parasite species (Cichlidogyrus dossoui, C. halli, C. karibae, C. mbirizei, C. papernastrema, C. quaestio, C. sclerosus, C. tiberianus, C. tilapiae, C. zambezensis, Scutogyrus gravivaginus, S. cf. bailloni and Gyrodactylus nyanzae) and one stomach monogenean (Enterogyrus malmbergi) were identified. A species richness (S) of 10 for O. mweruensis, S = 6 for C. rendalli and S = 2 for S. macrocephalus was recorded. Five parasite species were reported to be common amongst O. mweruensis and C. rendalli. According to cichlid species, the most prevalent parasite species was C. halli (prevalence [P] = 80.9%) on O. mweruensis, C. dossoui (P = 92.9%) on C. rendalli and C. karibae and C. zambezensis (both P = 9.1%) on S. macrocephalus. The parasite species with the highest mean intensity (MI) were G. nyanzae (MI = 8.7) on O. mweruensis, C. papernastrema (MI = 17.1) on C. rendalli and C. karibae (MI = 15) on S. macrocephalus. The findings indicate new host ranges for five parasites species (C. quaestio, S. cf. bailloni, E. malmbergi on O. mweruensis, C. halli on C. rendalli and C. karibae on S. macrocephalus) as well as new geographical records for all of them as they are recorded for the first time in the Lufira River Basin. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the richness of monogenean communities in the Upper Lufira River Basin and is a starting point for future helminthological studies, such as on the use of fish parasites as indicators of anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyrhaiss Kapepula Kasembele
- grid.440826.c0000 0001 0732 4647Unité de Recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides (BEZHU), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Auguste Chocha Manda
- grid.440826.c0000 0001 0732 4647Unité de Recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides (BEZHU), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Emmanuel Abwe
- grid.440826.c0000 0001 0732 4647Unité de Recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides (BEZHU), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo ,grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141CNRS, IRD, Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution Montpellier (ISEM), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France ,grid.31143.340000 0001 2168 4024ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fidel Muterezi Bukinga
- Section de Parasitologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Uvira, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Tine Huyse
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Willem Paul Jorissen
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.12155.320000 0001 0604 5662Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Wilmien Jacoba Luus-Powell
- grid.411732.20000 0001 2105 2799DSI-NRF SARChI Chair, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Willem Johannes Smit
- grid.411732.20000 0001 2105 2799DSI-NRF SARChI Chair, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Joseph Roderick Sara
- grid.411732.20000 0001 2105 2799DSI-NRF SARChI Chair, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, 0727 South Africa
| | - Jos Snoeks
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Pieterjan Maria Vanhove
- grid.425938.10000 0001 2155 6508Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium ,grid.12155.320000 0001 0604 5662Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity & Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium ,grid.20478.390000 0001 2171 9581Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Geraerts M, Huyse T, Vanhove MPM, Artois T. A new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) infecting tilapias in Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe), with a discussion on its phylogenetic position. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2143594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mare Geraerts
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt – Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
| | - Maarten P. M. Vanhove
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt – Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Tom Artois
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt – Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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Cruz-Laufer AJ, Pariselle A, Jorissen MWP, Muterezi Bukinga F, Al Assadi A, Van Steenberge M, Koblmüller S, Sturmbauer C, Smeets K, Huyse T, Artois T, Vanhove MPM. Somewhere I belong: phylogeny and morphological evolution in a species-rich lineage of ectoparasitic flatworms infecting cichlid fishes. Cladistics 2022; 38:465-512. [PMID: 35488795 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial portion of biodiversity has evolved through adaptive radiation. However, the effects of explosive speciation on species interactions remain poorly understood. Metazoan parasites infecting radiating host lineages could improve our knowledge because of their intimate host relationships. Yet limited molecular, phenotypic and ecological data discourage multivariate analyses of evolutionary patterns and encourage the use of discrete characters. Here, we assemble new molecular, morphological and host range data widely inferred from a species-rich lineage of parasites (Cichlidogyrus, Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) infecting cichlid fishes to address data scarcity. We infer a multimarker (28S/18S rDNA, ITS1, COI mtDNA) phylogeny of 58 of 137 species and characterize major lineages through synapomorphies inferred from mapping morphological characters. We predict the phylogenetic position of species without DNA data through shared character states, a morphological phylogenetic analysis, and a classification analysis with support vector machines. Based on these predictions and a cluster analysis, we assess the systematic informativeness of continuous characters, search for continuous equivalents for discrete characters, and suggest new characters for morphological traits not analysed to date. We also model the attachment/reproductive organ and host range evolution using the data for 136 of 137 described species and multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs). We show that discrete characters not only can mask phylogenetic signals, but also are key for characterizing species groups. Regarding the attachment organ morphology, a divergent evolutionary regime for at least one lineage was detected and a limited morphological variation indicates host and environmental parameters affecting its evolution. However, moderate success in predicting phylogenetic positions, and a low systematic informativeness and high multicollinearity of morphological characters call for a revaluation of characters included in species characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando J Cruz-Laufer
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory "Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome", Research Centre "Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment", Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Michiel W P Jorissen
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.,Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Fidel Muterezi Bukinga
- Section de Parasitologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Anwar Al Assadi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Nobelstraße 12, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Maarten Van Steenberge
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium.,Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Stephan Koblmüller
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Christian Sturmbauer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Karen Smeets
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Tine Huyse
- Section de Parasitologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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Geraerts M, Muterezi Bukinga F, Vanhove MPM, Pariselle A, Chocha Manda A, Vreven E, Huyse T, Artois T. Six new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from the gills of cichlids (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the Lomami River Basin (DRC: Middle Congo). Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:187. [PMID: 32272977 PMCID: PMC7147007 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenea van Beneden, 1858 is a group of parasitic flatworms, commonly found infecting bony fish. Several genera, such as Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960, are reported to include potential pathogenic species that can negatively impact aquaculture fish stocks. They can switch from introduced to native fish and vice versa. In Africa (and all over the world), fish species belonging to Cichlidae are often kept in aquaculture and represent a major source of food. Thus, research on the biodiversity and occurrence of monogenean species on these fish is of importance for aquaculture and conservation. The present study is a survey of the diversity of species of Cichlidogyrus in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on three cichlid species: Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami', Serranochromis cf. macrocephalus, and Tilapia sparrmanii Smith, 1840. METHODS Specimens of Cichlidogyrus were isolated from the gills and mounted on glass slides with Hoyer's medium. The genital and haptoral hard parts were measured and drawn using interference contrast. RESULTS In total, six species of Cichlidogyrus were found, all new to science: C. bulbophallus n. sp. and C. pseudozambezensis n. sp. on S. cf. macrocephalus, C. flagellum n. sp. and C. lobus n. sp. on T. sparrmanii, C. ranula n. sp. on S. cf. macrocephalus and Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami', and C. maeander n. sp. found on Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami' and T. sparrmanii. The first four species are considered to be strict specialists, C. ranula n. sp. an intermediate generalist and C. maeander n. sp. a generalist. These parasite species show morphological similarities to species found in the Lower Guinea and Zambezi ichthyofaunal provinces, which might be explained by past river capture events between river systems of the Congo Province and both these regions. CONCLUSIONS Serranochromis cf. macrocephalus and Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami' can harbour respectively three and two species of Cichlidogyrus, all described in this study. Tilapia sparrmanii can harbour seven species, of which three are described in the present study. These results highlight the species diversity of this parasite genus in the Congo Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mare Geraerts
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Fidel Muterezi Bukinga
- Section de Parasitologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Hydrobiologie, Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Maarten P. M. Vanhove
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, CIRAD, INRAP, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome. Research Centre Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Auguste Chocha Manda
- Unité de recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides (BEZHU), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Vreven
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Ichthyology Section, Zoology Department, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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6
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Teo BG, Dhillon SK. An automated 3D modeling pipeline for constructing 3D models of MONOGENEAN HARDPART using machine learning techniques. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:658. [PMID: 31870297 PMCID: PMC6929343 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying structural and functional morphology of small organisms such as monogenean, is difficult due to the lack of visualization in three dimensions. One possible way to resolve this visualization issue is to create digital 3D models which may aid researchers in studying morphology and function of the monogenean. However, the development of 3D models is a tedious procedure as one will have to repeat an entire complicated modelling process for every new target 3D shape using a comprehensive 3D modelling software. This study was designed to develop an alternative 3D modelling approach to build 3D models of monogenean anchors, which can be used to understand these morphological structures in three dimensions. This alternative 3D modelling approach is aimed to avoid repeating the tedious modelling procedure for every single target 3D model from scratch. RESULT An automated 3D modeling pipeline empowered by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed. This automated 3D modelling pipeline enables automated deformation of a generic 3D model of monogenean anchor into another target 3D anchor. The 3D modelling pipeline empowered by ANN has managed to automate the generation of the 8 target 3D models (representing 8 species: Dactylogyrus primaries, Pellucidhaptor merus, Dactylogyrus falcatus, Dactylogyrus vastator, Dactylogyrus pterocleidus, Dactylogyrus falciunguis, Chauhanellus auriculatum and Chauhanellus caelatus) of monogenean anchor from the respective 2D illustrations input without repeating the tedious modelling procedure. CONCLUSIONS Despite some constraints and limitation, the automated 3D modelling pipeline developed in this study has demonstrated a working idea of application of machine learning approach in a 3D modelling work. This study has not only developed an automated 3D modelling pipeline but also has demonstrated a cross-disciplinary research design that integrates machine learning into a specific domain of study such as 3D modelling of the biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Guan Teo
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Data Science and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sarinder Kaur Dhillon
- Data Science and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dos Santos QM, Dzika E, Avenant-Oldewage A. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study morphology and morphometry of the isolated haptoral sclerites of three distinct diplozoid species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211794. [PMID: 30802264 PMCID: PMC6389168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diplozoidae infects the gills of cyprinid fishes in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Traditionally the hardened internal structures, crucial for identification of diplozoid species, are studied using light microscopy. Recently, the sclerotised haptoral structures of an African diplozoid, Paradiplozoon vaalense, were successfully isolated and visualised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this paper, the haptoral sclerites of three diplozoid species are compared using SEM for the first time. Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon and Paradiplozoon vaalense occur on Labeobarbus and Labeo species, respectively, in the Vaal River system, South Africa, while Diplozoon paradoxum is widely-distributed in Europe and Asia, infecting several host species. Diplozoon paradoxum is a well-studied species, as well as being the type species of the family and ideal for inclusion in an exploratory study for comparative purposes. SEM study of D. paradoxum and P. ichthyoxanthon provided valuable information regarding surface morphology of the attachment structures hitherto not observed. Elaborate morphometric study of the haptoral hooks were incorporated, adding 12 point-to-point measurements to current morphometric characteristics. The results were analysed statistically, and significant differences support absolute separation (100.00%) of the three species following discriminant analysis. These point-to-point measurements could also be used for light microscopical study in the future and aid species delimitation within the Diplozoidae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Dzika
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medical Science, Warmia and Mazury University, Olsztyn, Poland
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8
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Rahmouni C, Vanhove MPM, Šimková A. Seven new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing the gills of Congolese cichlids from northern Lake Tanganyika. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5604. [PMID: 30370182 PMCID: PMC6202960 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven new species of Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) isolated from the gills of six cichlid host species belonging to four tribes and sampled from the Congolese coastline of Lake Tanganyika (LT) are described: Cichlidogyrus adkoningsi sp. nov. from Cyphotilapia frontosa (tribe Cyphotilapiini); C. koblmuelleri sp. nov. from Cardiopharynx schoutedeni (Ectodini); C. habluetzeli sp. nov. from C. schoutedeni and C. frontosa; C. antoineparisellei sp. nov. from Interochromis loocki (Tropheini); C. masilyai sp. nov. from Petrochromis orthognathus (Tropheini); C. salzburgeri sp. nov. from P. trewavasae, and C. sergemorandi sp. nov. from Tylochromis polylepis (Tylochromini). This study represents the first parasitological examination of cyphotilapiine cichlid hosts. Representatives of the Tanganyikan ectodine, tropheine, and tylochromine cichlids previously sampled from various localities in the lake yielded nine, twelve, and two described species of Cichlidogyrus, respectively. The study further includes a morphological characterization of the male copulatory organ of six undescribed species of Cichlidogyrus found on the gills of the tropheines I. loocki and P. orthognathus, and on those of Callochromis melanostigma and Xenotilapia flavipinnis (both Ectodini). Geographical variation in the monogenean fauna of I. loocki was observed. The most closely related cichlid species investigated in this study harboured Cichlidogyrus spp. exhibiting some similarities in their sclerotized structures. Thus, our paper provides additional evidence of the high species richness of Cichlidogyrus and the link with their hosts’s phylogenetic affinities in LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Rahmouni
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Universiteit Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Igeh PC, Dos Santos QM, Avenant-Oldewage A. Redescription of Cichlidogyrus philander (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:49. [PMID: 29194034 PMCID: PMC5711379 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The sclerotized structures of monogeneans have traditionally been studied by light microscopy and different staining techniques. Recently, enzymatic digestion followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has enabled the examination of structural details not visible with light microscopy. In order to obtain better, and more accurate, morphological information on sclerotized structures not affected by mounting medium or cover slip pressure, the sclerites of Cichlidogyrus philander Douëllou, 1993 (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae), collected from Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber, 1897), were redescribed using SEM. Parasites were collected from Padda Dam, Gauteng, South Africa and soft tissue was digested to release the sclerotized structures. The digested tissue also provided sufficient genetic material for molecular characterization of this species. Cichlidogyrus philander is characterised by a penis with a sharp, curved, lateral termination, an accessory piece with a hook-like extremity that may appear forked terminally, and lack of a visible vagina. The transverse bars have concave and convex surfaces with ribs on the concave surface. The dorsal bar bears fenestrations at the base of the auricles and the ventral and dorsal gripi are dissimilar. Furthermore, the large first pair of uncinuli shows lateral wings on the left side of the base. On top of this wing, a ball-like structure with a small fenestration is visible. Genetic characters derived from the 28S rDNA, the COI mitochondrial DNA and ITS1 rDNA regions distinguish C. philander from all other Cichlidogyrus sequenced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience C Igeh
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa - Department of Microbiology, Plateau State University, PO Box 2012, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Quinton M Dos Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Diversity and host specificity of monogenean gill parasites (Platyhelminthes) of cichlid fishes in the Bangweulu-Mweru ecoregion. J Helminthol 2017; 92:417-437. [PMID: 28829000 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study represents the first exploration of the parasite fauna of cichlid fishes in the Mweru-Luapula subregion (Central Africa). Twelve species of cichlids and 14 species of Monogenea from three genera (Cichlidogyrus, Gyrodactylus and Scutogyrus) were collected. We present a first record of the gill parasite fauna of eight host species, Oreochromis mweruensis, Orthochromis sp. 'Mambilima', Sargochromis mellandi, Serranochromis angusticeps, S. stappersi, S. thumbergi and Tylochromis mylodon. The host range of ten parasite species was expanded. The study further includes the description of Cichlidogyrus consobrini sp. n. from S. mellandi and Orthochromis sp. 'Mambilima'. A new morphotype of C. halli is characterized, and three species - C. papernastrema, C. quaestio and C. zambezensis - are redescribed. Furthermore, the biodiversity and host specificity of these parasites is compared with that of cichlid parasites from Lake Kariba and Cameroon. Two species, including C. consobrini sp. n. and a new morphotype of C. halli, are putative endemics. The parasite fauna in Bangweulu-Mweru is highly similar in species composition to Lake Kariba, but in Bangweulu-Mweru the same parasite species are more host-specific, probably because of hydrogeographical differences between the two regions.
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