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Risman RA, Belcher HA, Ramanujam RK, Weisel JW, Hudson NE, Tutwiler V. Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of Fibrinogen and Thrombin in Clot Formation and Structure for Plasma and Purified Fibrinogen. Biomolecules 2024; 14:230. [PMID: 38397467 PMCID: PMC10886591 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered properties of fibrin clots have been associated with bleeding and thrombotic disorders, including hemophilia or trauma and heart attack or stroke. Clotting factors, such as thrombin and tissue factor, or blood plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen, play critical roles in fibrin network polymerization. The concentrations and combinations of these proteins affect the structure and stability of clots, which can lead to downstream complications. The present work includes clots made from plasma and purified fibrinogen and shows how varying fibrinogen and activation factor concentrations affect the fibrin properties under both conditions. We used a combination of scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and turbidimetry to analyze clot/fiber structure and polymerization. We quantified the structural and polymerization features and found similar trends with increasing/decreasing fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations for both purified fibrinogen and plasma clots. Using our compiled results, we were able to generate multiple linear regressions that predict structural and polymerization features using various fibrinogen and clotting agent concentrations. This study provides an analysis of structural and polymerization features of clots made with purified fibrinogen or plasma at various fibrinogen and clotting agent concentrations. Our results could be utilized to aid in interpreting results, designing future experiments, or developing relevant mathematical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Risman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (R.A.R.); (R.K.R.)
| | - Heather A. Belcher
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (H.A.B.); (N.E.H.)
| | - Ranjini K. Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (R.A.R.); (R.K.R.)
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Nathan E. Hudson
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; (H.A.B.); (N.E.H.)
| | - Valerie Tutwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (R.A.R.); (R.K.R.)
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Lara C, Bezmalinovic A, García-Herrera C, Ríos S, Valenzuela LM, Martínez CE. Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Obtained from Smokers and Nonsmokers Shows a Similar Uniaxial Tensile Response In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3286. [PMID: 38137506 PMCID: PMC10741047 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated and compared the biomechanical properties of Leukocyte-and Platelet Rich Fibrin L-PRF clots and membranes derived from smoker and nonsmoker donors. Twenty venous-blood donors (aged 18 to 50 years) were included after signing informed consent forms. L-PRF clots were analyzed and then compressed to obtain L-PRF membranes. L-PRF clot and membrane samples were tested in quasi-static uniaxial tension and the stress-stretch response was registered and characterized. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope representative images were taken to see the fibrin structure from both groups. The analysis of stress-stretch curves allowed us to evaluate the statistical significance in differences between smoker and nonsmoker groups. L-PRF membranes showed a stiffer response and higher tensile strength when compared to L-PRF clots. However, no statistically significant differences were found between samples from smokers and nonsmokers. With the limitations of our in vitro study, we can suggest that the tensile properties of L-PRF clots and membranes from the blood of smokers and nonsmokers are similar. More studies are necessary to fully characterize the effect of smoking on the biomechanical behavior of this platelet concentrate, to further encourage its use as an alternative to promote wound healing in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Lara
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Alejandro Bezmalinovic
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Susana Ríos
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
| | - Loreto M. Valenzuela
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Research Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials “CIEN-UC”, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Constanza E. Martínez
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
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Lu H, Xiao L, Wang W, Li X, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang X. Fibrinolysis Regulation: A Promising Approach to Promote Osteogenesis. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:1192-1208. [PMID: 35442086 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Soon after bone fracture, the initiation of the coagulation cascade results in the formation of a blood clot, which acts as a natural material to facilitate cell migration and osteogenic differentiation at the fracture site. The existence of hematoma is important in early stage of bone healing, but the persistence of hematoma is considered harmful for bone regeneration. Fibrinolysis is recently regarded as a period of critical transition in angiogenic-osteogenic coupling, it thereby is vital for the complete healing of the bone. Moreover, the enhanced fibrinolysis is proposed to boost bone regeneration through promoting the formation of blood vessels, and fibrinolysis system as well as the products of fibrinolysis also play crucial roles in the bone healing process. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to elucidate the fibrinolysis-derived effects on osteogenesis and summarize the potential approaches-improving bone healing by regulating fibrinolysis, with the purpose to further understand the integral roles of fibrinolysis in bone regeneration and to provide theoretical knowledge for potential fibrinolysis-related osteogenesis strategies. Impact statement Fibrinolysis emerging as a new and viable therapeutic intervention to be contained within osteogenesis strategies, however to now, there have been no review articles which collates the information between fibrinolysis and osteogenesis. This review, therefore, focusses on the effects that fibrinolysis exerts on bone healing, with a purpose to provide theoretical reference to develop new strategies to modulate fibrinolysis to accelerate fibrinolysis thus enhancing bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Australia-China Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Australia-China Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Feasibility study of positronium application for blood clots structural characteristics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Positron-electron annihilation in living organisms occurs in about 30% via the formation of a metastable ortho-positronium atom that annihilates into two 511 keV photons in tissues because of the pick-off and conversion processes. Positronium (Ps) annihilation lifetime and intensities can be used to determine the size and quantity of defects in a material’s microstructure, such as voids or pores in the range of nanometers. This is particularly true for blood clots. Here we present pilot investigations of positronium properties in fibrin clots. The studies are complemented by the use of SEM Edax and micro-computed tomography (µCT) to evaluate the extracted thrombotic material’s properties. µCT is a versatile characterization method offering in situ and in operando possibilities and is a qualitative diagnostic tool. With µCT the presence of pores, cracks, and structural errors can be verified, and hence the 3D inner structure of samples can be investigated.
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Sahin E, Berk H, Ozkal S, Keskinoglu P, Balci P, Balci A. Effect of Local Tranexamic Acid on the Quality of Bone Healing in a Rat Spinal Fusion Model. Spine Surg Relat Res 2022; 6:151-158. [PMID: 35478981 PMCID: PMC8995122 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2021-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid has positive effects on bleeding control, but our knowledge is still limited regarding how fibrinolysis suppression changes the process of bone formation and the quality of bone. Because of the several side effects of systemic tranexamic acid, topical usage has been established in several procedures. This study aimed to investigate the effect of local tranexamic acid on vertebral fusion by using macroscopic, radiologic, and microscopic techniques. We also attempted to determine the safe dose range in case some doses had negative effects on fusion. Methods Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats underwent intertransverse fusion. All rats were randomized into four groups: groups treated with local tranexamic acid doses of 1 mg/kg (D1), 10 mg/kg (D10), and 100 mg/kg (D100) and the control group with no drug (D0). At the end of the eighth week, all rats were sacrificed for evaluation in terms of palpation, mammography, and histopathologic analysis. Results The manual palpation results presented with lower fusion rates in D10 and D100 groups than in the control group. Radiological examination results were significantly higher in the control group. The histopathologic examination revealed no significant differences between groups in the percent of new bone formation. Conclusions Our results showed that local administration of tranexamic acid reduced the quality and stability of fusion without a delay in bone formation. However, doses of 1 mg/kg did not reduce the stability in the palpation test. Our findings suggest that 1 mg/kg dose is a critical threshold above which tranexamic acid reduced the bone healing process of fusion and that surgeons should consider the doses of local tranexamic acid during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Sahin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kemalpasa State Hospital
| | - Haluk Berk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine
| | - Sermin Ozkal
- Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine
| | - Pembe Keskinoglu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine
| | - Pinar Balci
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine
| | - Ali Balci
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine
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Stepien EL, Kwaśniewska M, Rębowska E, Golański J, Drygas W. Modified thrombin formation and fibrinolysis in an ultra-endurance marathon swimmer. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 27:567-570. [PMID: 28387013 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E L Stepien
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kwaśniewska
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - E Rębowska
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - J Golański
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - W Drygas
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
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Pieters M, Philippou H, Undas A, de Lange Z, Rijken DC, Mutch NJ. An international study on the feasibility of a standardized combined plasma clot turbidity and lysis assay: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1007-1012. [PMID: 29658191 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pieters
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - H Philippou
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, LICAMM, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, and John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Z de Lange
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - D C Rijken
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N J Mutch
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Undas A. Fibrin clot properties and their modulation in thrombotic disorders. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:32-42. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-01-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAccumulating evidence indicates that accelerated formation of fibrin clots composed of compact, highly-branched networks with thin fibres which are relatively resistant to plasmin-mediated lysis can be commonly observed in patients with venous or arterial thrombosis. This review discusses characteristics of fibrin clot structure and function in patients with various thromboembolic manifestations, in particular myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and venous thromboembolism, based on the publications till December 2013. Moreover, factors will be presented that in vivo unfavourably determine altered fibrin clot properties in thrombotic disorders and modalities that can improve clot phenotype.
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Yuasa M, Mignemi NA, Nyman JS, Duvall CL, Schwartz HS, Okawa A, Yoshii T, Bhattacharjee G, Zhao C, Bible JE, Obremskey WT, Flick MJ, Degen JL, Barnett JV, Cates JMM, Schoenecker JG. Fibrinolysis is essential for fracture repair and prevention of heterotopic ossification. J Clin Invest 2015. [PMID: 26214526 DOI: 10.1172/jci80313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation during fracture repair inevitably initiates within or around extravascular deposits of a fibrin-rich matrix. In addition to a central role in hemostasis, fibrin is thought to enhance bone repair by supporting inflammatory and mesenchymal progenitor egress into the zone of injury. However, given that a failure of efficient fibrin clearance can impede normal wound repair, the precise contribution of fibrin to bone fracture repair, whether supportive or detrimental, is unknown. Here, we employed mice with genetically and pharmacologically imposed deficits in the fibrin precursor fibrinogen and fibrin-degrading plasminogen to explore the hypothesis that fibrin is vital to the initiation of fracture repair, but impaired fibrin clearance results in derangements in bone fracture repair. In contrast to our hypothesis, fibrin was entirely dispensable for long-bone fracture repair, as healing fractures in fibrinogen-deficient mice were indistinguishable from those in control animals. However, failure to clear fibrin from the fracture site in plasminogen-deficient mice severely impaired fracture vascularization, precluded bone union, and resulted in robust heterotopic ossification. Pharmacological fibrinogen depletion in plasminogen-deficient animals restored a normal pattern of fracture repair and substantially limited heterotopic ossification. Fibrin is therefore not essential for fracture repair, but inefficient fibrinolysis decreases endochondral angiogenesis and ossification, thereby inhibiting fracture repair.
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Martin TD, Chan SSM, Hart AR. Environmental factors in the relapse and recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease: a review of the literature. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1396-405. [PMID: 25407806 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The causes of relapse in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are largely unknown. This paper reviews the epidemiological and clinical data on how medications (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, estrogens and antibiotics), lifestyle factors (smoking, psychological stress, diet and air pollution) may precipitate clinical relapses and recurrence. Potential biological mechanisms include: increasing thrombotic tendency, imbalances in prostaglandin synthesis, alterations in the composition of gut microbiota, and mucosal damage causing increased permeability. RESULTS The clinical epidemiological data consistently reports positive associations between smoking and relapses in CD, and inverse ones with UC. For NSAIDs and estrogens, the epidemiological findings are inconsistent, although general antibiotic use was associated with a reduced risk of relapse in CD. High levels of stress were positively associated with relapse, although psychological interventions did not have therapeutic benefits. The limited work on diet has reported sulphur-containing foods are positively associated with relapse in UC, but there is no work in CD. Ecological data reported positive correlations between air pollution levels and IBD hospitalisations. CONCLUSIONS In the future, to clarify this area, more clinical epidemiological work is required where detailed drug types and doses, and complete dietary intakes are measured, in specific forms of IBD. Such work could provide guidance to both patients and doctors to help maintain remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Martin
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK,
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Stępień E, Kabłak-Ziembicka A, Musiałek P, Tylko G, Przewłocki T. Fibrinogen and carotid intima media thickness determine fibrin density in different atherosclerosis extents. Int J Cardiol 2012; 157:411-3. [PMID: 22483257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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