1
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Hu W, Iglesia E. Dynamics of Elementary Steps on Metal Surfaces at High Coverages: The Prevalence and Kinetic Competence of Contiguous Bare-Atom Ensembles. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39069785 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The rate of elementary steps on densely-covered surfaces depends sensitively on repulsive interactions within dense adlayers, situations ubiquitous in practice and with kinetic consequences seldom captured by Langmuirian treatments of surface catalysis. This study develops an ensemble-based method that assesses how such repulsion influences the prevalence and kinetic competence of bare-atom ensembles of different size. Chemisorbed CO (CO*) is used as an example because it forms dense adlayers on metal nanoparticles during CO2 hydrogenation (CO2-H2) and other reactions, leading to significant repulsion that weakens the binding of CO* and kinetically-relevant transition states (TS). This approach is enabled by density functional theory and probability formalisms and describes the prevalence of ensembles of contiguous bare atoms from their formation energy (via CO* desorption); it then determines their competence in stabilizing the TS and mediating the reaction rates. The specific conclusions reflect the extent to which a given TS and CO* desorbed to form bare ensembles "sense" repulsion and the contribution of each ensemble size to each reaction channel mediated by distinct TS structures. These formalisms are illustrated by assessing the relative contributions, kinetic relevance, and ensemble size requirements for two CO2-H2 routes (direct and H-assisted CO2 activation to CO and H2O) on Ru nanoparticles, but they are not restricted to specific bound species or reaction channels. This method is essential to assess the kinetic relevance of elementary steps in a given catalytic sequence and to determine the contributions from parallel reaction channels at the crowded surfaces that prevail in the practice of surface catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuo Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Enrique Iglesia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Yokaichiya T, Ikeda T, Muraoka K, Nakayama A. On-the-fly kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with neural network potentials for surface diffusion and reaction. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204108. [PMID: 38785283 DOI: 10.1063/5.0199240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We develop an adaptive scheme in the kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, where the adsorption and activation energies of all elementary steps, including the effects of other adsorbates, are evaluated "on-the-fly" by employing the neural network potentials. The configurations and energies evaluated during the simulations are stored for reuse when the same configurations are sampled in a later step. The present scheme is applied to hydrogen adsorption and diffusion on the Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces and the CO oxidation reaction on the Pt(111) surface. The effects of interactions between adsorbates, i.e., adsorbate-adsorbate lateral interactions, are examined in detail by comparing the simulations without considering lateral interactions. This study demonstrates the importance of lateral interactions in surface diffusion and reactions and the potential of our scheme for applications in a wide variety of heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yokaichiya
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Ikeda
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koki Muraoka
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akira Nakayama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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3
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Savva GD, Benson RL, Christidi IA, Stamatakis M. Exact distributed kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for on-lattice chemical kinetics: lessons learnt from medium- and large-scale benchmarks. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220235. [PMID: 37211035 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations have been instrumental in multiscale catalysis studies, enabling the elucidation of the complex dynamics of heterogeneous catalysts and the prediction of macroscopic performance metrics, such as activity and selectivity. However, the accessible length- and time-scales have been a limiting factor in such simulations. For instance, handling lattices containing millions of sites with 'traditional' sequential KMC implementations is prohibitive owing to large memory requirements and long simulation times. We have recently established an approach for exact, distributed, lattice-based simulations of catalytic kinetics which couples the Time-Warp algorithm with the Graph-Theoretical KMC framework, enabling the handling of complex adsorbate lateral interactions and reaction events within large lattices. In this work, we develop a lattice-based variant of the Brusselator system, a prototype chemical oscillator pioneered by Prigogine and Lefever in the late 60s, to benchmark and demonstrate our approach. This system can form spiral wave patterns, which would be computationally intractable with sequential KMC, while our distributed KMC approach can simulate such patterns 15 and 36 times faster with 625 and 1600 processors, respectively. The medium- and large-scale benchmarks thus conducted, demonstrate the robustness of the approach, and reveal computational bottlenecks that could be targeted in further development efforts. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Supercomputing simulations of advanced materials'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannis D Savva
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Raz L Benson
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ilektra-Athanasia Christidi
- Research Software Development Group, Advanced Research Computing Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michail Stamatakis
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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4
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Wang PY, Chen BA, Lee YC, Chiu CC. First-principles modeling of the highly dynamical surface structure of a MoS 2 catalyst with S-vacancies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24166-24172. [PMID: 36168839 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03384d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vacancy sites, e.g., S-vacancies, are essential for the performance of MoS2 catalysts. As earlier studies have revealed that the size and shape of the S-vacancies may affect the catalytic activity, we have studied the behavior and mobility of such vacancies on MoS2 using DFT calculations and kinetic Monte-Carlo (kMC) simulations. The diffusion barriers for the S-vacancies are highly dependent on the immediate environment: isolated single S-vacancies are found to be immobile. In contrast, small nS-vacancies formed from n = 2 to 5 neighboring S-vacancies are often highly dynamic systems that can move within a confined area. Large extended nS-vacancies are generally unstable and transform quickly into alternating patterns of S-atoms and vacancy sites. These results illustrate the importance of recognizing MoS2 (but also other catalysts) as dynamic structures when trying to tune their catalytic performances by introducing specific defect structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-An Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chau Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. .,Center for Theoretical and Computational Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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5
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Deimel M, Prats H, Seibt M, Reuter K, Andersen M. Selectivity Trends and Role of Adsorbate–Adsorbate Interactions in CO Hydrogenation on Rhodium Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Deimel
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Hector Prats
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Michael Seibt
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mie Andersen
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Interstellar Catalysis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Pineda M, Stamatakis M. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations for heterogeneous catalysis: Fundamentals, current status, and challenges. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:120902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0083251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations in combination with first-principles (1p)-based calculations are rapidly becoming the gold-standard computational framework for bridging the gap between the wide range of length scales and time scales over which heterogeneous catalysis unfolds. 1p-KMC simulations provide accurate insights into reactions over surfaces, a vital step toward the rational design of novel catalysts. In this Perspective, we briefly outline basic principles, computational challenges, successful applications, as well as future directions and opportunities of this promising and ever more popular kinetic modeling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pineda
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Stamatakis
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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7
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Pablo-García S, Sabadell-Rendón A, Saadun AJ, Morandi S, Pérez-Ramírez J, López N. Generalizing Performance Equations in Heterogeneous Catalysis from Hybrid Data and Statistical Learning. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pablo-García
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Albert Sabadell-Rendón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ali J. Saadun
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Morandi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Kopač D, Jurković DL, Likozar B, Huš M. First-Principles-Based Multiscale Modelling of Nonoxidative Butane Dehydrogenation on Cr 2O 3(0001). ACS Catal 2020; 10:14732-14746. [PMID: 33362945 PMCID: PMC7754517 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) are short straight-chain alkane molecules that are difficult to convert catalytically. Analogous to propane, butane can be dehydrogenated to butenes (also known as butylenes) or butadiene, which are used industrially as raw materials when synthesizing various chemicals (plastics, rubbers, etc.). In this study, we present results of detailed first-principles-based multiscale modelling of butane dehydrogenation, consisting of three size- and time-scales. The reaction is modelled over Cr2O3(0001) chromium oxide, which is commonly used in the industrial setting. A complete 108-step reaction pathway of butane (C4H10) dehydrogenation was studied, yielding 1-butene (CH2CHCH2CH3) and 2-butene (CH3CHCHCH3), 1-butyne (CHCCH2CH3) and 2-butyne (CH3CCCH3), butadiene (CH2CHCHCH2), butenyne (CH2CHCCH), and ultimately butadiyne (CHCCCH). We include cracking and coking reactions (yielding C1, C2, and C3 hydrocarbons) in the model to provide a thorough description of catalyst deactivation as a function of the temperature and time. Density functional theory calculations with the Hubbard U model were used to study the reaction on the atomistic scale, resulting in the complete energetics and first-principles kinetic parameters for the dehydrogenation reaction. They were cast in a kinetic model using mean-field microkinetics and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The former was used to obtain gas equilibrium conditions in the steady-state regime, which were fed in the latter to provide accurate surface kinetics. A full reactor simulation was used to account for the macroscopic properties of the catalytic particles: their loading, specific surface area, and density and reactor parameters: size, design, and feed gas flow. With this approach, we obtained first-principles estimates of the catalytic conversion, selectivity to products, and time dependence of the catalyst activity, which can be paralleled to experimental data. We show that 2-butene is the most abundant product of dehydrogenation, with selectivity above 90% and turn-over frequency above 10-3 s-1 at T = 900 K. Butane conversion is below 5% at such low temperature, but rises above 40% at T > 1100 K. Activity starts to drop after ∼6 h because of surface poisoning with carbon. We conclude that the dehydrogenation of butane is a viable alternative to conventional olefin production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drejc Kopač
- Department
of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Lašič Jurković
- Department
of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department
of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Huš
- Department
of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Association
for Technical Culture of Slovenia (ZOTKS), SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Identifying Trends in the Field Ionization of Diatomic Molecules over Adsorbate Covered Pd(331) Surfaces. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Liu J, Tan L, Huang L, Wang Q, Liu Y. Kinetic Monte Carlo Modeling for the NO-CO Reaction Mechanism on Rh(100) and Rh(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3127-3140. [PMID: 32075370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The NO-CO reaction on Rh(100) and Rh(111) is a prototypical catalytic system with various practical applications, including the treatment of automotive gas exhausts. With parameters derived from first-principles calculations, the Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi (BEP) relation for the reaction steps of NO-CO on Rh(100) and Rh(111) surfaces is fitted, which is more accurate and practical for the calculation of the effect of interaction between adsorbates on activation energy compared to the basic BEP relation. Further, a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) model for the NO-CO reaction systems on Rh(100) and Rh(111) is constructed for the exploration of the system's reaction mechanism. Besides the temperature and pressure, the coverage and activation sites are essential factors for reaction kinetic of the NO-CO reaction system. Our results are beneficial for designing more efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly next-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- School of Chemical, Biological & Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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11
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Huš M, Grilc M, Pavlišič A, Likozar B, Hellman A. Multiscale modelling from quantum level to reactor scale: An example of ethylene epoxidation on silver catalysts. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Alexopoulos K, Wang Y, Vlachos DG. First-Principles Kinetic and Spectroscopic Insights into Single-Atom Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Alexopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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13
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Andersen M, Panosetti C, Reuter K. A Practical Guide to Surface Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations. Front Chem 2019; 7:202. [PMID: 31024891 PMCID: PMC6465329 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article is intended as a practical guide for newcomers to the field of kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations, and specifically to lattice KMC simulations as prevalently used for surface and interface applications. We will provide worked out examples using the kmos code, where we highlight the central approximations made in implementing a KMC model as well as possible pitfalls. This includes the mapping of the problem onto a lattice and the derivation of rate constant expressions for various elementary processes. Example KMC models will be presented within the application areas surface diffusion, crystal growth and heterogeneous catalysis, covering both transient and steady-state kinetics as well as the preparation of various initial states of the system. We highlight the sensitivity of KMC models to the elementary processes included, as well as to possible errors in the rate constants. For catalysis models in particular, a recurrent challenge is the occurrence of processes at very different timescales, e.g., fast diffusion processes and slow chemical reactions. We demonstrate how to overcome this timescale disparity problem using recently developed acceleration algorithms. Finally, we will discuss how to account for lateral interactions between the species adsorbed to the lattice, which can play an important role in all application areas covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Andersen
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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14
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Abstract
The experimentally determined temperature programmed desorption profile of CO from Fe(100) is characterized by four maxima, i.e., α1-CO, α2-CO, α3-CO, and β-CO (see e.g., Moon et al., Surf. Sci. 1985, 163, 215). The CO-TPD profile is modeled using mean-field techniques and kinetic Monte Carlo to show the importance of lateral interactions in the appearance of the CO-TPD-profile. The inclusion of lateral interactions results in the appearance of a new maximum in the simulated CO-TPD profile if modeled using the mean-field, quasi-chemical approach or kinetic Monte Carlo. It is argued that α2-CO may thus originate from lateral interactions rather than a differently bound CO on Fe(100). A detailed sensitivity analysis of the effect of the strength of the lateral interactions between the species involved (CO, C, and O), and the choice of the transition state, which affects the activation energy for CO dissociation, and the energy barrier for diffusion on the CO-TPD profile is presented.
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15
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Sugiyama K, Sumiya Y, Takagi M, Saita K, Maeda S. Understanding CO oxidation on the Pt(111) surface based on a reaction route network. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14366-14375. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic analysis by the rate constant matrix contraction on the reaction route network of CO oxidation on the Pt(111) surface obtained by the artificial force induced reaction reveals the impact of entropic contributions arising from a variety of local minima and transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanami Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Yosuke Sumiya
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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16
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Huš M, Hellman A. Ethylene Epoxidation on Ag(100), Ag(110), and Ag(111): A Joint Ab Initio and Kinetic Monte Carlo Study and Comparison with Experiments. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Huš
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, Fysikgränd 3, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anders Hellman
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, Fysikgränd 3, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Papanikolaou KG, Darby MT, Stamatakis M. Adlayer structure and lattice size effects on catalytic rates predicted from KMC simulations: NO oxidation on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2018; 149:184701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5048787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos G. Papanikolaou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T. Darby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Michail Stamatakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Roberts Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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18
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19
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Liu J, Hibbitts D, Iglesia E. Dense CO Adlayers as Enablers of CO Hydrogenation Turnovers on Ru Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11789-11802. [PMID: 28825476 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High CO* coverages lead to rates much higher than Langmuirian treatments predict because co-adsorbate interactions destabilize relevant transition states less than their bound precursors. This is shown here by kinetic and spectroscopic data-interpreted by rate equations modified for thermodynamically nonideal surfaces-and by DFT treatments of CO-covered Ru clusters and lattice models that mimic adlayer densification. At conditions (0.01-1 kPa CO; 500-600 K) which create low CO* coverages (0.3-0.8 ML from in situ infrared spectra), turnover rates are accurately described by Langmuirian models. Infrared bands indicate that adlayers nearly saturate and then gradually densify as pressure increases above 1 kPa CO, and rates become increasingly larger than those predicted from Langmuir treatments (15-fold at 25 kPa and 70-fold at 1 MPa CO). These strong rate enhancements are described here by adapting formalisms for reactions in nonideal and nearly incompressible media (liquids, ultrahigh-pressure gases) to handle the strong co-adsorbate interactions within the nearly incompressible CO* adlayer. These approaches show that rates are enhanced by densifying CO* adlayers because CO hydrogenation has a negative activation area (calculated by DFT), analogous to how increasing pressure enhances rates for liquid-phase reactions with negative activation volumes. Without these co-adsorbate effects and the negative activation area of CO activation, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis would not occur at practical rates. These findings and conceptual frameworks accurately treat dense surface adlayers and are relevant in the general treatment of surface catalysis as it is typically practiced at conditions leading to saturation coverages of reactants or products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266580, China.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Hibbitts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Enrique Iglesia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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