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Michiels R, Gerrits N, Neyts E, Bogaerts A. Plasma Catalysis Modeling: How Ideal Is Atomic Hydrogen for Eley-Rideal? THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11196-11209. [PMID: 39015417 PMCID: PMC11247482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Plasma catalysis is an emerging technology, but a lot of questions about the underlying surface mechanisms remain unanswered. One of these questions is how important Eley-Rideal (ER) reactions are, next to Langmuir-Hinshelwood reactions. Most plasma catalysis kinetic models predict ER reactions to be important and sometimes even vital for the surface chemistry. In this work, we take a critical look at how ER reactions involving H radicals are incorporated in kinetic models describing CO2 hydrogenation and NH3 synthesis. To this end, we construct potential energy surface (PES) intersections, similar to elbow plots constructed for dissociative chemisorption. The results of the PES intersections are in agreement with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) findings in literature while being computationally much cheaper. We find that, for the reactions studied here, adsorption is more probable than a reaction via the hot atom (HA) mechanism, which in turn is more probable than a reaction via the ER mechanism. We also conclude that kinetic models of plasma-catalytic systems tend to overestimate the importance of ER reactions. Furthermore, as opposed to what is often assumed in kinetic models, the choice of catalyst will influence the ER reaction probability. Overall, the description of ER reactions is too much "ideal" in models. Based on our findings, we make a number of recommendations on how to incorporate ER reactions in kinetic models to avoid overestimation of their importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Michiels
- Research
group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk,Antwerp BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Nick Gerrits
- Research
group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk,Antwerp BE-2610, Belgium
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Neyts
- Research
group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk,Antwerp BE-2610, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research
group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk,Antwerp BE-2610, Belgium
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2
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Huang Q, Xia B, Li M, Guan H, Antonietti M, Chen S. Single-zinc vacancy unlocks high-rate H 2O 2 electrosynthesis from mixed dioxygen beyond Le Chatelier principle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4157. [PMID: 38755137 PMCID: PMC11098813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Le Chatelier's principle is a basic rule in textbook defining the correlations of reaction activities and specific system parameters (like concentrations), serving as the guideline for regulating chemical/catalytic systems. Here we report a model system breaking this constraint in O2 electroreduction in mixed dioxygen. We unravel the central role of creating single-zinc vacancies in a crystal structure that leads to enzyme-like binding of the catalyst with enhanced selectivity to O2, shifting the reaction pathway from Langmuir-Hinshelwood to an upgraded triple-phase Eley-Rideal mechanism. The model system shows minute activity alteration of H2O2 yields (25.89~24.99 mol gcat-1 h-1) and Faradaic efficiencies (92.5%~89.3%) in the O2 levels of 100%~21% at the current density of 50~300 mA cm-2, which apparently violate macroscopic Le Chatelier's reaction kinetics. A standalone prototype device is built for high-rate H2O2 production from atmospheric air, achieving the highest Faradaic efficiencies of 87.8% at 320 mA cm-2, overtaking the state-of-the-art catalysts and approaching the theoretical limit for direct air electrolysis (~345.8 mA cm-2). Further techno-economics analyses display the use of atmospheric air feedstock affording 21.7% better economics as comparison to high-purity O2, achieving the lowest H2O2 capital cost of 0.3 $ Kg-1. Given the recent surge of demonstrations on tailoring chemical/catalytic systems based on the Le Chatelier's principle, the present finding would have general implications, allowing for leveraging systems "beyond" this classical rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Baokai Xia
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 214476, Germany
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210094, China.
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 214476, Germany.
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3
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Pu T, Setiawan A, Foucher AC, Guo M, Jehng JM, Zhu M, Ford ME, Stach EA, Rangarajan S, Wachs IE. Revealing the Nature of Active Oxygen Species and Reaction Mechanism of Ethylene Epoxidation by Supported Ag/α-Al 2O 3 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2024; 14:406-417. [PMID: 38205022 PMCID: PMC10775145 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen species on Ag catalysts and reaction mechanisms for ethylene epoxidation and ethylene combustion continue to be debated in the literature despite decades of investigation. Fundamental details of ethylene oxidation by supported Ag/α-Al2O3 catalysts were revealed with the application of high-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HAADF-STEM-EDS), in situ techniques (Raman, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), HS-LEIS), chemical probes (C2H4-TPSR and C2H4 + O2-TPSR), and steady-state ethylene oxidation and SSITKA (16O2 → 18O2 switch) studies. The Ag nanoparticles are found to carry a considerable amount of oxygen after the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the oxidative reconstructed p(4 × 4)-O-Ag(111) surface is stable relative to metallic Ag(111) under the relevant reaction environment. Multiple configurations of reactive oxygen species are present, and their relevant concentrations depend on treatment conditions. Selective ethylene oxidation to EO proceeds with surface Ag4-O2* species (dioxygen species occupying an oxygen site on a p(4 × 4)-O-Ag(111) surface) only present after strong oxidation of Ag. These experimental findings are strongly supported by the associated DFT calculations. Ethylene epoxidation proceeds via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, and ethylene combustion proceeds via combined Langmuir-Hinshelwood (predominant) and Mars-van Krevelen (minor) mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Pu
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Adhika Setiawan
- Computational
Catalysis and Materials Design Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Alexandre C. Foucher
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mingyu Guo
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jih-Mirn Jehng
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Michael E. Ford
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Eric A. Stach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Srinivas Rangarajan
- Computational
Catalysis and Materials Design Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Israel E. Wachs
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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Keypour H, Kouhdareh J, Rabiei K, Karakaya İ, Karimi-Nami R, Alavinia S. Pd nanoparticles decorated on a porous Co(BDC-NH 2) MOF as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for dye reduction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5570-5579. [PMID: 37822910 PMCID: PMC10563842 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new catalytic nanocomposite [Co(BDC-NH2)-Pd NPs] composed of a Co(BDC-NH2) MOF has been developed. The catalyst was prepared by modifying the synthesized porous Co(BDC-NH2) MOF with decorated Pd nanoparticles. This nanocatalyst was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reductive degradation of organic dyes Rhodamine B and methyl orange with NaBH4. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the reactions were evaluated. The results showed that the low catalyst content could successfully catalyze the dye reduction reaction quickly (1 min). The metal-organic frameworks unique porous morphology of the Co(BDC-NH2) MOF appears to increase dye adsorption and achieve effective dye reduction. Additionally, recyclability studies of the catalyst confirmed that it could be recovered and reused for 10 consecutive reaction cycles with negligible Pd leaching and reduction in catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Keypour
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Jamal Kouhdareh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Khadijeh Rabiei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Qom University of Technology Qom Iran
| | - İdris Karakaya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University 41400 Gebze Turkey
| | - Rahman Karimi-Nami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh Maragheh 55181-83111 Iran
| | - Sedigheh Alavinia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
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Catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitroanisole over Raney nickel for p-aminoanisole synthesis: Intrinsic kinetics studies. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Yuan C, Ma J, Zou Y, Li G, Xu H, Sysoev VV, Cheng X, Deng Y. Modeling Interfacial Interaction between Gas Molecules and Semiconductor Metal Oxides: A New View Angle on Gas Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203594. [PMID: 36116122 PMCID: PMC9685467 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the development of internet of things and artificial intelligence electronics, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-based sensing materials have attracted increasing attention from both fundamental research and practical applications. MOS materials possess intrinsic physicochemical properties, tunable compositions, and electronic structure, and are particularly suitable for integration and miniaturization in developing chemiresistive gas sensors. During sensing processes, the dynamic gas-solid interface interactions play crucial roles in improving sensors' performance, and most studies emphasize the gas-MOS chemical reactions. Herein, from a new view angle focusing more on physical gas-solid interactions during gas sensing, basic theory overview and latest progress for the dynamic process of gas molecules including adsorption, desorption, and diffusion, are systematically summarized and elucidated. The unique electronic sensing mechanisms are also discussed from various aspects including molecular interaction models, gas diffusion mechanism, and interfacial reaction behaviors, where structure-activity relationship and diffusion behavior are overviewed in detail. Especially, the surface adsorption-desorption dynamics are discussed and evaluated, and their potential effects on sensing performance are elucidated from the gas-solid interfacial regulation perspective. Finally, the prospect for further research directions in improving gas dynamic processes in MOS gas sensors is discussed, aiming to supplement the approaches for the development of high-performance MOS gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Junhao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yidong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Guisheng Li
- School of Materials and ChemistryUniversity of Shanghai for Science & TechnologyShanghai200093China
| | - Hualong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of PhysicsYuri Gagarin State Technical University of SaratovSaratov410054Russia
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iCHEMFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
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Liu Y, Wang QL, Yang YY. CO 2 and Formate Pathway of Methanol Electrooxidation at Rhodium Electrodes in Alkaline Media: An In Situ Electrochemical Attenuated Total Refection Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12510-12520. [PMID: 36205573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rh catalysts exhibit unexpected high activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline conditions, making them potential anodic catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Nevertheless, the MOR mechanism on Rh electrodes has not been clarified thus far, which impedes the development of high-efficiency Rh-based MOR catalysts. To investigate it, a combination of in situ electrochemical techniques called attenuated total refection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) is used. Cyclic voltammograms of MOR at Rh electrodes show considerable activity in alkaline media rather than acidic media, although the real-time ATR-SEIRA spectral results demonstrate that methanol can rarely self-decompose on Rh at open-circuit conditions. Meanwhile, in combination of ATR-SEIRAS and IRAS results, CO2 and formate are thought to be MOR products, suggesting a dual-pathway mechanism ("CO2 pathway" and "formate pathway"). Specifically, COad species, which are the major intermediates in the CO2 pathway, can produce at lower potentials and be oxidized into CO2 at a potential of 0.5-0.75 V. Concurrently, the formate can be produced from 0.5 V and diffuse into the bulk electrolyte to become one of the MOR products, while the further electrochemical conversion of formate to CO2 is essentially negligible. More directly, the apparent selectivity (r) of the CO2 pathway is estimated to reach ca. 0.63 at 0.9 V, confirming the potential-dependent selectivity of MOR at Rh surfaces. This study might provide fresh insights into the design and fabrication of effective Rh-based catalysts for MOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People's Republic of China
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8
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Titanium-doped Boron Nitride Fullerenes as Novel Single-atom Catalysts for CO Oxidation. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Liu K, Qin R, Zheng N. Insights into the Interfacial Effects in Heterogeneous Metal Nanocatalysts toward Selective Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4483-4499. [PMID: 33724821 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous metal catalysts are distinguished by their structure inhomogeneity and complexity. The chameleonic nature of heterogeneous metal catalysts have prevented us from deeply understanding their catalytic mechanisms at the molecular level and thus developing industrial catalysts with perfect catalytic selectivity toward desired products. This Perspective aims to summarize recent research advances in deciphering complicated interfacial effects in heterogeneous hydrogenation metal nanocatalysts toward the design of practical heterogeneous catalysts with clear catalytic mechanism and thus nearly perfect selectivity. The molecular insights on how the three key components (i.e., catalytic metal, support, and ligand modifier) of a heterogeneous metal nanocatalyst induce effective interfaces determining the hydrogenation activity and selectivity are provided. The interfaces influence not only the H2 activation pathway but also the interaction of substrates to be hydrogenated with catalytic metal surface and thus the hydrogen transfer process. As for alloy nanocatalysts, together with the electronic and geometric ensemble effects, spillover hydrogenation occurring on catalytically "inert" metal by utilizing hydrogen atom spillover from active metal is highlighted. The metal-support interface effects are then discussed with emphasis on the molecular involvement of ligands located at the metal-support interface as well as cationic species from the support in hydrogenation. The mechanisms of how organic modifiers, with the ability to induce both 3D steric and electronic effects, on metal nanocatalysts manipulate the hydrogenation pathways are demonstrated. A brief summary is finally provided together with a perspective on the development of enzyme-like heterogeneous hydrogenation metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruixuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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10
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11
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Hanna AR, Fisher ER. Efforts Toward Unraveling Plasma-Assisted Catalysis: Determination of Kinetics and Molecular Temperatures within N 2O Discharges. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ellen R. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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12
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Gholipour Zanjani N, Kamran Pirzaman A, Yazdanian E. Biodiesel production in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst of alumina: Study of kinetics and thermodynamics. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Kamran Pirzaman
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of Mazandaran Behshahr Iran
| | - Elmira Yazdanian
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of Mazandaran Behshahr Iran
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13
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Pu T, Tian H, Ford ME, Rangarajan S, Wachs IE. Overview of Selective Oxidation of Ethylene to Ethylene Oxide by Ag Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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