1
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de Groot VA, Trueman C, Bates AE. Incorporating otolith- isotope inferred field metabolic rate into conservation strategies. Conserv Physiol 2024; 12:coae013. [PMID: 38666227 PMCID: PMC11044438 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluctuating ocean conditions are rearranging whole networks of marine communities-from individual-level physiological thresholds to ecosystem function. Physiological studies support predictions from individual-level responses (biochemical, cellular, tissue, respiratory potential) based on laboratory experiments. The otolith-isotope method of recovering field metabolic rate has recently filled a gap for the bony fishes, linking otolith stable isotope composition to in situ oxygen consumption and experienced temperature estimates. Here, we review the otolith-isotope method focusing on the biochemical and physiological processes that yield estimates of field metabolic rate. We identify a multidisciplinary pathway in the application of this method, providing concrete research goals (field, modeling) aimed at linking individual-level physiological data to higher levels of biological organization. We hope that this review will provide researchers with a transdisciplinary 'roadmap', guiding the use of the otolith-isotope method to bridge the gap between individual-level physiology, observational field studies, and modeling efforts, while ensuring that in situ data is central in marine policy-making aimed at mitigating climatic and anthropogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valesca A de Groot
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BCV8 P5C2, Canada
| | - Clive Trueman
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO1 43ZH, UK
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BCV8 P5C2, Canada
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2
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To NDK, Theruvathu JA. Determination and Quantification of Acetaldehyde, Acetone, and Methanol in Hand Sanitizers Using Headspace GC/MS: Effect of Storage Time and Temperature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:74. [PMID: 38248538 PMCID: PMC10815429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Accurate determination of the concentration of alcohols and their metabolites is important in forensics and in several life science areas. A new headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed to quantify alcohols and their oxidative products using isotope-labeled internal standards. The limit of detection (LOD) of the analytes in the developed method was 0.211 µg/mL for methanol, 0.158 µg/mL for ethanol, 0.157 µg/mL for isopropanol, 0.010 µg/mL for n-propanol, 0.157 µg/mL for acetone, and 0.209 µg/mL for acetaldehyde. The precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated, and the relative standard deviation percentages were found to be less than 3%. This work demonstrates the application of this method, specifically in quantifying the concentration of oxidative products of alcohol and other minor alcohols found in hand sanitizers, which have become an essential household item since the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the major components, the minor alcohols found in hand sanitizers include methanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol. The concentration range of these minor alcohols found in ethanol-based hand sanitizer samples was as follows: methanol, 0.000921-0.0151 mg/mL; isopropanol, 0.454-13.8 mg/mL; and n-propanol, 0.00474-0.152 mg/mL. In ethanol-based hand sanitizers, a significant amount of acetaldehyde (0.00623-0.231 mg/mL) was observed as an oxidation product, while in the isopropanol-based hand sanitizer, acetone (0.697 mg/mL) was observed as an oxidation product. The concentration of acetaldehyde in ethanol-based hand sanitizers significantly increased with storage time and temperature, whereas no such increase in acetone concentration was observed in isopropanol-based hand sanitizers with storage time and temperature. In two of the selected hand sanitizers, the acetaldehyde levels increased by almost 200% within a week when stored at room temperature. Additionally, exposing the hand sanitizers to a temperature of 45 °C for 24 h resulted in a 100% increase in acetaldehyde concentration. On the contrary, the acetone level remained constant upon the change in storage time and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob A. Theruvathu
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA;
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3
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Pu T, Setiawan A, Foucher AC, Guo M, Jehng JM, Zhu M, Ford ME, Stach EA, Rangarajan S, Wachs IE. Revealing the Nature of Active Oxygen Species and Reaction Mechanism of Ethylene Epoxidation by Supported Ag/α-Al 2O 3 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2024; 14:406-417. [PMID: 38205022 PMCID: PMC10775145 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen species on Ag catalysts and reaction mechanisms for ethylene epoxidation and ethylene combustion continue to be debated in the literature despite decades of investigation. Fundamental details of ethylene oxidation by supported Ag/α-Al2O3 catalysts were revealed with the application of high-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HAADF-STEM-EDS), in situ techniques (Raman, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), HS-LEIS), chemical probes (C2H4-TPSR and C2H4 + O2-TPSR), and steady-state ethylene oxidation and SSITKA (16O2 → 18O2 switch) studies. The Ag nanoparticles are found to carry a considerable amount of oxygen after the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the oxidative reconstructed p(4 × 4)-O-Ag(111) surface is stable relative to metallic Ag(111) under the relevant reaction environment. Multiple configurations of reactive oxygen species are present, and their relevant concentrations depend on treatment conditions. Selective ethylene oxidation to EO proceeds with surface Ag4-O2* species (dioxygen species occupying an oxygen site on a p(4 × 4)-O-Ag(111) surface) only present after strong oxidation of Ag. These experimental findings are strongly supported by the associated DFT calculations. Ethylene epoxidation proceeds via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, and ethylene combustion proceeds via combined Langmuir-Hinshelwood (predominant) and Mars-van Krevelen (minor) mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Pu
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Adhika Setiawan
- Computational
Catalysis and Materials Design Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Alexandre C. Foucher
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mingyu Guo
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Jih-Mirn Jehng
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Michael E. Ford
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Eric A. Stach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Srinivas Rangarajan
- Computational
Catalysis and Materials Design Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Israel E. Wachs
- Operando
Molecular Spectroscopy and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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4
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Wang B, Moynier F, Hu Y. Rubidium isotopic compositions of angrites controlled by extensive evaporation and partial recondensation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311402121. [PMID: 38147555 PMCID: PMC10769822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311402121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The planetesimals in the solar system exhibit varying degrees of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) depletion compared to the protosolar composition. Revealing the relevant mechanisms is crucial for exploring early solar system evolution. Most volatile-depleted materials in the solar system exhibit enrichments in the heavier isotopes of MVEs, which have traditionally been attributed to the loss of volatiles through partial evaporation. Angrites are so far an exception as they are enriched in the lighter isotopes of K. This has been interpreted as reflecting condensation processes. Here, we present Rb isotopic data of angrites and find that they have lighter Rb isotopic compositions than Vesta, Mars, and the Moon. The δ87Rb value of the angrite parent body (APB) is estimated to range between -1.19‰ and -0.67‰. The extremely light Rb isotopic composition of the APB is likely a result of the kinetic recondensation of Rb after near-complete evaporation during the magma ocean stage. This finding provides further support for the partial recondensation model to explain the light Rb and K isotopic compositions of the APB. In addition, the APB, alongside other terrestrial planetary bodies (e.g., Earth, Mars, Moon, and Vesta), exhibit a strong correlation between their Rb and K isotopic compositions. This coupling of Rb and K isotopes is indicative of a volatility-driven isotopic fractionation rather than nucleosynthetic anomalies. The extremely light Rb-K isotopic signatures of the APB suggest that beyond evaporation, condensation plays an equally significant role in shaping the planetary-scale distributions of volatile elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Wang
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris75005, France
| | - Frederic Moynier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris75005, France
| | - Yan Hu
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris75005, France
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5
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Liu M, Mason RP, Vlahos P, Whitney MM, Zhang Q, Warren JK, Wang X, Baumann Z. Riverine Discharge Fuels the Production of Methylmercury in a Large Temperate Estuary. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:13056-13066. [PMID: 37603456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are an important food source for the world's growing population, yet human health is at risk from elevated exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) via the consumption of estuarine fish. Moreover, the sources and cycling of MeHg in temperate estuarine ecosystems are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the seasonal and tidal patterns of mercury (Hg) forms in Long Island Sound (LIS), in a location where North Atlantic Ocean waters mix with the Connecticut River. We found that seasonal variations in Hg and MeHg in LIS followed the extent of riverine Hg delivery, while tides further exacerbated the remobilization of earlier deposited riverine Hg. The net production of MeHg near the river plume was significant compared to that in other locations and enhanced during high tide, possibly resulting from the enhanced microbial activity and organic carbon remineralization in the river plume. Statistical models, driven by our novel data, further support the hypothesis that the river-delivered organic matter and inorganic Hg drive net MeHg production in the estuarine water column. Our study sheds light on the significance of water column biogeochemical processes in temperate tidal estuaries in regulating MeHg levels and inspires new questions in our quest to understand MeHg sources and dynamics in coastal oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maodian Liu
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Robert P Mason
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Penny Vlahos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael M Whitney
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Joseph K Warren
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zofia Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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6
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Vardi O, Maroudas-Sklare N, Kolodny Y, Volosniev A, Saragovi A, Galili N, Ferrera S, Ghazaryan A, Yuran N, Affek HP, Luz B, Goldsmith Y, Keren N, Yochelis S, Halevy I, Lemeshko M, Paltiel Y. Nuclear spin effects in biological processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300828120. [PMID: 37523549 PMCID: PMC10410702 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300828120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, nuclear spin is not considered to affect biological processes. Recently, this has changed as isotopic fractionation that deviates from classical mass dependence was reported both in vitro and in vivo. In these cases, the isotopic effect correlates with the nuclear magnetic spin. Here, we show nuclear spin effects using stable oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, and 18O) in two separate setups: an artificial dioxygen production system and biological aquaporin channels in cells. We observe that oxygen dynamics in chiral environments (in particular its transport) depend on nuclear spin, suggesting future applications for controlled isotope separation to be used, for instance, in NMR. To demonstrate the mechanism behind our findings, we formulate theoretical models based on a nuclear-spin-enhanced switch between electronic spin states. Accounting for the role of nuclear spin in biology can provide insights into the role of quantum effects in living systems and help inspire the development of future biotechnology solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofek Vardi
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Naama Maroudas-Sklare
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Yuval Kolodny
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Artem Volosniev
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
| | - Amijai Saragovi
- The Lautenberg center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem91121, Israel
| | - Nir Galili
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Stav Ferrera
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Areg Ghazaryan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
| | - Nir Yuran
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Hagit P. Affek
- The Fredy & Nadin Herrman Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Boaz Luz
- The Fredy & Nadin Herrman Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Yonaton Goldsmith
- The Fredy & Nadin Herrman Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Itay Halevy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg3400, Austria
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
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7
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He J, Zhang HS, Cai WT, Wang YS. [Mechanism of Salinization of Shallow Groundwater in Taocheng District, Hengshui City]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:4314-4324. [PMID: 37694626 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202208135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the characteristics and origin of groundwater salinization in Taocheng district of Hengshui City, the recharge and salinization procession of shallow groundwater were analyzed with isotopic and geochemical data of the shallow groundwater (buried depth ≤ 100 m) and the soluble salt in boreholes. The results showed that the shallow groundwater was weak alkaline salt water, with the total dissolved solid (TDS) in the groundwater ranging from 176.06 to 17569.65 mg·L-1and the soil total salinity in unconsolidated sediments ranging from 1.830 to 6.509 g·kg-1. The hydrochemical types were mainly SO4·Cl-Na·Mg and Cl·SO4-Na·Ca in the shallow groundwater and the soluble salt. The main recharge resource of shallow groundwater was precipitation with different geological periods. The hydrochemical compositions of shallow groundwater mainly came from the dissolution of halite and sulfate weathering and experienced intense evaporation and the reduction environment. Meanwhile, the groundwater salinization was barely affected by human activities and seawater intrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Center for Hydrochemistry and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Huai-Sheng Zhang
- Center for Hydrochemistry and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Wu-Tian Cai
- Center for Hydrochemistry and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, China
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Center for Hydrochemistry and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Baoding 071051, China
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8
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Zhang SM, Ye LM, Zhou YZ, Wang XX, Xu YK, Jiang J, Liu ZQ. Water use sources and its influencing factors of Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima community in hilly region of Southern China. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1729-1736. [PMID: 37694455 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant water use is complex and changeable, which is affected by various factors. Exploring the sources and influencing factors of plant water use can provide reference for clarifying the mechanisms of forest water adaptation under climate change. We chosen the typical forest communities in the hilly region of Sou-thern China, Pinus massoniana and Quercus acutissima mixed forest as the research object. By analyzing water sources of plants in different seasons, the factors affecting the changes of water sources were explored in combination with soil water, precipitation, and plant roots. The results showed that water use characteristics of P. massoniana and Q. acutissima were similar and both mainly utilized 0-40 cm soil water during the dry season, with proportions of 60.0% and 66.6%. During the rainy season, as soil water content of deep layers increased, the main water sources of both gradually shifted towards deep soil. The similarity proportion indices of P. massoniana and Q. acutissima were above 60%, indicating that there was an obvious water competition between them. Root system of Q. acutissima had plasticity in water absorption, and played a dominant role in absorbing shallow water during the dry season. Water was the main driving factor for water source transformation of Q. acutissima and P. massoniana during the rainy season. Compared with P. massoniana, Q. acutissima was more sensitive to the changes of water sources. Under the background of future warming and drying, the competition between the two species for shallow water sources might be intensified. Those two species should be sparsely planted or thinned to optimize forest structure to cope with water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Meng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li-Min Ye
- Jing-ning She Autonomous County Ecological Forestry Development Center, Lishui 323599, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Zhou
- Jing-ning She Autonomous County Ecological Forestry Development Center, Lishui 323599, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Jing-ning She Autonomous County Ecological Forestry Development Center, Lishui 323599, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Ke Xu
- Jing-ning She Autonomous County Ecological Forestry Development Center, Lishui 323599, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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9
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Fraleigh DC, Archer FI, Williard AS, Hückstädt LA, Fleming AH. Possible niche compression and individual specialization in Pacific Arctic beluga ( Delphinapterus leucas) from the 19th to 20th century. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10230. [PMID: 37408623 PMCID: PMC10318618 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans have shown a potential to be used as sentinel species for tracking environmental change in marine ecosystems, yet our assessment of change is typically limited to recent decades and lacks ecological baselines. Using historical museum specimens, we compared community niche metrics and degree of individual dietary specialization in groups of Pacific Arctic beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the 1800s (n = 5) to 1900s (n = 10) using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes drilled from teeth. Beluga occupied a broader trophic niche and demonstrated a higher degree of individual specialization in the 1800s than in the 1900s. The cause of this shift is difficult to confirm given long timescales and constraints of specimen-based research but could indicate changes in the prey base or competition. The scale and nature of this detected shift provide perspective for continued research on these climate-vulnerable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin C. Fraleigh
- Center for Marine ScienceUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Frederick I. Archer
- Southwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda S. Williard
- Department of Biology and Marine BiologyUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Luis A. Hückstädt
- Department of Biology and Marine BiologyUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterCornwallUK
| | - Alyson H. Fleming
- Center for Marine ScienceUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Forest & Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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10
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Silver-Gorges I, Ceriani SA, Fuentes MMPB. Fine-scale intraspecific niche partitioning in a highly mobile, marine megafauna species: implications for ecology and conservation. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221529. [PMID: 37388320 PMCID: PMC10300683 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A species may partition its realized ecological niche along bionomic and scenopoetic axes due to intraspecific competition for limited resources. How partitioning manifests depends on resource needs and availability by and for the partitioning groups. Here we demonstrate the utility of analysing short- and long-term stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from imperiled marine megafauna to characterize realized niche partitioning in these species. We captured 113 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) at a high-use area in the eastern Big Bend, Florida, between 2016 and 2022, comprising 53 subadults, 10 adult males and 50 adult females. We calculated trophic niche metrics using established and novel methods, and constructed Bayesian ellipses and hulls, to characterize loggerhead isotopic niches. These analyses indicated that loggerheads partition their realized ecological niche by lifestage, potentially along both bionomic (e.g. trophic) and/or scenopoetic (e.g. habitat, latitude or longitude) axes, and display different characteristics of resource use within their niches. Analysis of stable isotopes from tissues with different turnover rates enabled this first characterization of intraspecific niche partitioning between and within neritic lifestages in loggerhead turtles, which has direct implications for ongoing research and conservation efforts for this and other imperiled marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Silver-Gorges
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Simona A. Ceriani
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
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11
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Dellero Y, Filangi O, Bouchereau A. Evaluation of GC/MS-Based 13C-Positional Approaches for TMS Derivatives of Organic and Amino Acids and Application to Plant 13C-Labeled Experiments. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040466. [PMID: 37110124 PMCID: PMC10142191 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of plant metabolite 13C-enrichments with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has gained interest recently. By combining multiple fragments of a trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative, 13C-positional enrichments can be calculated. However, this new approach may suffer from analytical biases depending on the fragments selected for calculation leading to significant errors in the final results. The goal of this study was to provide a framework for the validation of 13C-positional approaches and their application to plants based on some key metabolites (glycine, serine, glutamate, proline, α-alanine and malate). For this purpose, we used tailor-made 13C-PT standards, harboring known carbon isotopologue distributions and 13C-positional enrichments, to evaluate the reliability of GC-MS measurements and positional calculations. Overall, we showed that some mass fragments of proline_2TMS, glutamate_3TMS, malate_3TMS and α-alanine_2TMS had important biases for 13C measurements resulting in significant errors in the computational estimation of 13C-positional enrichments. Nevertheless, we validated a GC/MS-based 13C-positional approach for the following atomic positions: (i) C1 and C2 of glycine_3TMS, (ii) C1, C2 and C3 of serine_3TMS, and (iii) C1 of malate_3TMS and glutamate_3TMS. We successfully applied this approach to plant 13C-labeled experiments for investigating key metabolic fluxes of plant primary metabolism (photorespiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- Metabolic Profiling and Metabolomic Platform (P2M2), Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Olivier Filangi
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- Metabolic Profiling and Metabolomic Platform (P2M2), Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Université Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- Metabolic Profiling and Metabolomic Platform (P2M2), Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection, 35650 Le Rheu, France
- MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 35650 Le Rheu, France
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12
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Chen M, Carrasco G, Zhao N, Wang X, Lee JN, Tanzil JTI, Annammala KV, Poh SC, Lauro FM, Ziegler AD, Duangnamon D, Boyle EA. Boundary exchange completes the marine Pb cycle jigsaw. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213163120. [PMID: 36716377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213163120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Material fluxes at the land-ocean interface impact seawater composition and global cycling of elements. However, most attention has been focused on the fluvial dissolved fluxes. For elements like lead (Pb), whose fluvial particulate flux into the ocean is two orders of magnitude higher than the dissolved counterpart, the role of particulates in elemental cycling is potentially important but currently less appreciated. Using both chemical analyses on samples collected from around equatorial Southeast Asia and model simulations, we show that particulate-dissolved exchange is an important mechanism controlling the concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved Pb in the ocean. Our model indicates that Pb contributed from particulate-dissolved exchange at ocean boundaries is larger than, or at least comparable to, other major Pb sources to the seawater before the Anthropocene, when the anthropogenic Pb was absent. Our work highlights the importance of boundary exchange in understanding marine element cycling and weathering-climate feedback.
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13
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Houadria MYI, Barone G, Fayle TM, Schmitt T, Konik P, Feldhaar H. An experimental, behavioral, and chemical analysis of food limitations in mutualistic Crematogaster ant symbionts inhabiting Macaranga host plants. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9760. [PMID: 36778840 PMCID: PMC9905419 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obligate mutualistic plant-ants are often constrained by their plant partner's capacity to provide resources. However, despite this limitation, some ant partners actively reject potential prey items and instead drop them from the plant rather than consuming them, leaving the ants entirely reliant on host plant-provided food, including that provided indirectly by the symbiotic scale insects that ants tend inside the plants. This dependency potentially increases the efficiency of these ants in defending their host. We hypothesize that if this ant behavior was beneficial to the symbiosis, prey rejection by ants would be observed across multiple plant host species. We also hypothesize that plant-provided food items and symbiotic scale insects from other ant plants should be rejected. We address these hypotheses in the Crematogaster ant-Macaranga plant system, in which plants provide living space and food, while ants protect plants from herbivory. We observed food acceptance and rejection behavior across five ant species and three plant host species. Ants were offered three types of food: termites as a surrogate herbivore, symbiotic scale insects, and nutritious food bodies (FB) produced by different host plant species. The unique ant species living in M. winkleri was the most likely to reject food items not provided by the plant species, followed by ants in M. glandibracteolata, while ants in M. pearsonii accepted most items offered to them. Using stable isotopes, chemical cues, and proteomic analyses, we demonstrate that this behavior was not related to differences between plant species in nutritional quality or composition of FB. Isotopic signatures revealed that certain species are primary consumers but other ant species can be secondary consumers even where surrogate herbivores are rejected, although these values varied depending on the ant developmental stage and plant species. Macaranga pearsonii and M. glandibracteolata, the two most closely related plant species, had most similar surface chemical cues of FB. However, M. glandibracteolata had strongest differences in food body nutritional content, isotopic signatures, and protein composition from either of the other two plant species studied. Taken together we believe our results point toward potential host coercion of symbiont ants by plants in the genus Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickal Y. I. Houadria
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Giulio Barone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Tom M. Fayle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of EntomologyCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic,School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, BiocentreUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Petr Konik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South Bohemia in Ceske BudejoviceCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
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14
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Jones WB, Darvin JR, O'Rourke PE, Fessler KAS. Isotopic Signatures of Lithium Carbonate and Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate Measured Using Raman Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2023; 77:151-159. [PMID: 36138571 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221131039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium isotopic ratios have wide ranging applications as chemical signatures, including improved understanding of geochemical processes and battery development. Measurement of isotope ratios using optical spectroscopies would provide an alternative to traditional mass spectrometric methods, which are expensive and often limited to a chemical laboratory. Raman spectra of 7Li2CO3, 6Li2CO3, 7LiOH*H2O, and 6LiOH*H2O have been measured to determine the effect of lithium isotope substitution on the Raman molecular vibrations. Thirteen peaks were observed in the spectrum of lithium carbonate, with discernable isotopic shifts occurring in eleven of the 13 vibrations, two of which have not been previously reported in the literature. The spectrum of lithium hydroxide monohydrate contained nine peaks, with discernable isotopic shifts occurring in eight of the nine vibrations, four of which have not been previously reported in the literature. The Raman spectral data reported here for lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide monohydrate are in agreement with the previously reported works in the literature, in which the Raman active modes of these molecules were first identified and assigned. However, due to the stability and resolution of the detection system used in this work, isotopic shifts with a magnitude less than one wavenumber have been identified. Principal component regression was used to evaluate the sensitivity to isotopic content of small Raman peak shifts in Li2CO3 and indicates differences greater than 2 atom% could be reliably determined. These measurements add to the body of work on lithium isotope Raman spectroscopy for these two compounds and increases the number of Raman bands which could be used for lithium isotope content analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis B Jones
- Department of Global Security, 1073Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Jason R Darvin
- Department of Global Security, 1073Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - Patrick E O'Rourke
- Department of Global Security, 1073Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, USA
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15
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Abadie C, Lalande J, Tcherkez G. Exact mass GC-MS analysis: Protocol, database, advantages and application to plant metabolic profiling. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:3171-3183. [PMID: 35899865 PMCID: PMC9543805 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolomics has been used widely in plant physiology, in particular to analyse metabolic responses to environmental parameters. Derivatization (via trimethylsilylation and methoximation) followed by GC-MS metabolic profiling is a major technique to quantify low molecular weight, common metabolites of primary carbon, sulphur and nitrogen metabolism. There are now excellent opportunities for new generation analyses, using high resolution, exact mass GC-MS spectrometers that are progressively becoming relatively cheap. However, exact mass GC-MS analyses for routine metabolic profiling are not common, since there is no dedicated available database. Also, exact mass GC-MS is usually dedicated to structural resolution of targeted secondary metabolites. Here, we present a curated database for exact mass metabolic profiling (made of 336 analytes, 1064 characteristic exact mass fragments) focused on molecules of primary metabolism. We show advantages of exact mass analyses, in particular to resolve isotopic patterns, localise S-containing metabolites, and avoid identification errors when analytes have common nominal mass peaks in their spectrum. We provide a practical example using leaves of different Arabidopsis ecotypes and show how exact mass GC-MS analysis can be applied to plant samples and identify metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Abadie
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
| | - Julie Lalande
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAeBeaucouzéFrance
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National UniversityCanberra ACTAustralia
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16
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V F Esposito T, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Blackadar C, Haney EF, Pletzer D, E W Hancock R, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Biodistribution and Toxicity of Innate Defense Regulator 1018 (IDR-1018). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:11-25. [PMID: 36028151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Innate defense regulators (IDRs) are synthetic host-defense peptides (HDPs) with broad-spectrum anti-infective properties, including immunomodulatory, anti-biofilm and direct antimicrobial activities. A lack of pharmacokinetic data about these peptides hinders their development and makes it challenging to fully understand how they work in vivo since their mechanism of action is dependent on tissue concentrations of the peptide. Here, we set out to define in detail the pharmacokinetics of a well-characterized IDR molecule, IDR-1018. To make the peptide traceable, it was radiolabeled with the long-lived gamma-emitting isotope gallium-67. After a series of bench-top characterizations, the radiotracer was administered to healthy mice intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SQ) at various dose levels (2.5-13 mg/kg). Nuclear imaging and ex-vivo biodistributions were used to quantify organ and tissue uptake of the radiotracer over time. When administered as an IV bolus, the distribution profile of the radiotracer changed as the dose was escalated. At 2.5 mg/kg, the peptide was well-tolerated, poorly circulated in the blood and was cleared predominately by the reticuloendothelial system. Higher doses (7 and 13 mg/kg) as an IV bolus were almost immediately lethal due to respiratory arrest; significant lung uptake of the radiotracer was observed from nuclear scans of these animals, and histological examination found extensive damage to the pulmonary vasculature and alveoli. When administered SQ at a dose of 3 mg/kg, radiolabeled IDR-1018 was rapidly absorbed from the site of injection and predominately cleared renally. Apart from the SQ injection site, no other tissue had a concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration that would enable this peptide to exert direct antimicrobial effects against most pathogenic bacteria. Tissue concentrations were sufficient however to disrupt microbial biofilms and alter the host immune response. Overall, this study demonstrated that the administration of synthetic IDR peptide in vivo is best suited to local administration which avoids some of the issues associated with peptide toxicity that are observed when administered systemically by IV injection, an issue that will have to be addressed through formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio V F Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colin Blackadar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Asep Medical Holdings, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Diaz EC, Williams DK, Cotter M, Sims CR, Wolfe RR, Andres A, Børsheim E. Breastfeeding duration modifies the association between maternal weight status and offspring dietary palmitate oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:404-414. [PMID: 35404455 PMCID: PMC9348976 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of obese rodents develop a metabolic phenotype that favors fat deposition. Data regarding the impact of maternal obesity programing of offspring fuel usage in humans is scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the association between maternal weight status and dietary palmitate oxidation (DPO) in 2-y-old offspring, taking into consideration potential confounders and modifiers. METHODS Women (n = 56) were enrolled by the first trimester of gestation. Maternal physical activity (PA; measured with accelerometers) at enrollment and gestational weight gain (GWG) were measured. Offspring sex, race, and breastfeeding (BF) duration were self-reported. Human milk (HM) composition was determined at 6 mo postpartum. At age 2 y, dietary quality [healthy eating index (HEI)] and parental feeding practices [Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ)] were assessed. DPO in 2-y-olds (2-yo-DPO) was measured using deuterated palmitic acid. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the associations of 2-yo-DPO with maternal weight status [normal weight (NW), BMI <25 (in kg/m2) compared with excessive weight (EW), BMI ≥25]. RESULTS DPO was higher in offspring of women with EW compared with NW (2.1 ± 1.2%/h compared with 1.4 ± 0.7%/h, P = 0.03). Maternal weight status interacted with BF duration in association with 2-yo-DPO (log ß: 0.05, P = 0.04). Specifically, 2-yo-DPO was higher in the EW compared with NW group if BF duration was ≥9 mo. HM insulin (log ß: 0.35, P = 0.002) and HM leptin (log ß: 0.81, P = 0.001) concentrations directly associated with 2-yo-DPO. PA (log ß: 0.06, P = 0.013), parental feeding restriction (log ß: 0.05, P < 0.0001), and male sex (log ß: 0.54, P < 0.001) were positively associated with 2-yo-DPO. HEI was negatively associated with 2-yo-DPO (log ß:-0.03, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Higher 2-yo-DPO in offspring of women with EW compared with NW were driven by BF duration. Higher HM insulin and leptin concentrations in women with EW may explain these finding. More studies are needed to confirm these results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03281850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Diaz
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - David K Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Clark R Sims
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Geriatrics/Reynolds Institute on Aging, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
- UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Geriatrics/Reynolds Institute on Aging, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA, Little Rock, AR, USA
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18
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Duckworth J, O'Brien S, Petersen IK, Petersen A, Benediktsson G, Johnson L, Lehikoinen P, Okill D, Väisänen R, Williams J, Williams S, Daunt F, Green JA. Winter locations of red-throated divers from geolocation and feather isotope signatures. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9209. [PMID: 36035269 PMCID: PMC9399444 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory species have geographically separate distributions during their annual cycle, and these areas can vary between populations and individuals. This can lead to differential stress levels being experienced across a species range. Gathering information on the areas used during the annual cycle of red‐throated divers (RTDs; Gavia stellata) has become an increasingly pressing issue, as they are a species of concern when considering the effects of disturbance from offshore wind farms and the associated ship traffic. Here, we use light‐based geolocator tags, deployed during the summer breeding season, to determine the non‐breeding winter location of RTDs from breeding locations in Scotland, Finland, and Iceland. We also use δ15N and δ13C isotope signatures, from feather samples, to link population‐level differences in areas used in the molt period to population‐level differences in isotope signatures. We found from geolocator data that RTDs from the three different breeding locations did not overlap in their winter distributions. Differences in isotope signatures suggested this spatial separation was also evident in the molting period, when geolocation data were unavailable. We also found that of the three populations, RTDs breeding in Iceland moved the shortest distance from their breeding grounds to their wintering grounds. In contrast, RTDs breeding in Finland moved the furthest, with a westward migration from the Baltic into the southern North Sea. Overall, these results suggest that RTDs breeding in Finland are likely to encounter anthropogenic activity during the winter period, where they currently overlap with areas of future planned developments. Icelandic and Scottish birds are less likely to be affected, due to less ship activity and few or no offshore wind farms in their wintering distributions. We also demonstrate that separating the three populations isotopically is possible and suggest further work to allocate breeding individuals to wintering areas based solely on feather samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ib K Petersen
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Petteri Lehikoinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,Avescapes Oy Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Francis Daunt
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Penicuik Midlothian UK
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Abstract
Most mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods provide a molecular map of tissue content but little information on tissue function. Mapping tissue function is possible using several well-known examples of "functional imaging" such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging that can provide the spatial distribution of time-dependent biological processes. These functional imaging methods represent the net output of molecular networks influenced by local tissue environments that are difficult to predict from molecular/cellular content alone. However, for decades, MSI methods have also been demonstrated to provide functional imaging data on a variety of biological processes. In fact, MSI exceeds some of the classic functional imaging methods, demonstrating the ability to provide functional data from the nanoscale (subcellular) to whole tissue or organ level. This Perspective highlights several examples of how different MSI ionization and detection technologies can provide unprecedented detailed spatial maps of time-dependent biological processes, namely, nucleic acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, and protein metabolism. By classifying various MSI methods under the umbrella of "functional MSI", we hope to draw attention to both the unique capabilities and accessibility with the aim of expanding this underappreciated field to include new approaches and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Mellinger
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael P Gamcsik
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Cormier M, Berard J, Bougaran G, Trueman CN, Mayor DJ, Lampitt RS, Kruger NJ, Flynn KJ, Rickaby REM. Deuterium in marine organic biomarkers: toward a new tool for quantifying aquatic mixotrophy. New Phytol 2022; 234:776-782. [PMID: 35133656 PMCID: PMC9310953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The traditional separation between primary producers (autotrophs) and consumers (heterotrophs) at the base of the marine food web is being increasingly replaced by the paradigm that mixoplankton, planktonic protists with the nutritional ability to use both phago(hetero)trophy and photo(auto)trophy to access energy are widespread globally. Thus, many 'phytoplankton' eat, while 50% of 'protozooplankton' also perform photosynthesis. Mixotrophy may enhance primary production, biomass transfer to higher trophic levels and the efficiency of the biological pump to sequester atmospheric CO2 into the deep ocean. Although this view is gaining traction, science lacks a tool to quantify the relative contributions of autotrophy and heterotrophy in planktonic protists. This hinders our understanding of their impacts on carbon cycling within marine pelagic ecosystems. It has been shown that the hydrogen (H) isotopic signature of lipids is uniquely sensitive to heterotrophy relative to autotrophy in plants and bacteria. Here, we explored whether it is also sensitive to the trophic status in protists. The new understanding of H isotope signature of lipid biomarkers suggests it offers great potential as a novel tool for quantifying the prevalence of mixotrophy in diverse marine microorganisms and thus for investigating the implications of the 'mixoplankton' paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Cormier
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3ANUK
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Berard
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae (PBA) Laboratoryrue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105Nantes Cedex 344311France
| | - Gaël Bougaran
- IFREMER, Physiology and Biotechnology of Algae (PBA) Laboratoryrue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105Nantes Cedex 344311France
| | - Clive N. Trueman
- Ocean and Earth ScienceNational Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO14 3ZHUK
| | - Daniel J. Mayor
- Ocean BiogeosciencesNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHUK
| | | | - Nicholas J. Kruger
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
| | - Kevin J. Flynn
- Plymouth Marine LaboratoryProspect PlacePlymouthPL1 3DHUK
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Jiang H, Liu W, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu Z. Multiple Isotopes Reveal a Hydrology Dominated Control on the Nitrogen Cycling in the Nujiang River Basin, the Last Undammed Large River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:4610-4619. [PMID: 35294176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is sensitive to climate change, but the feedbacks of nitrogen (N) cycling to climate conditions on this plateau are not well-understood, especially under varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbances. The Nujiang River Basin, the last undammed large river basin on the Tibetan Plateau, provides an opportunity to reveal the feedbacks at a broad river basin scale. The isotopic compositions revealed that the conservative mixing of multiple sources controlled the nitrate (NO3-) loadings during the low-flow season, while biological removal processes (assimilation and denitrification) occurred in the high-flow season. During the high-flow season, soil sources, sewage, and atmospheric precipitation contributed 76.3%, 15.6%, and 8.1% to the riverine NO3-. In the low-flow season, the contribution of soil sources decreased while that of sewage increased. The relationship between d-excess and δ15N-NO3- suggests that the hydrological conditions largely controlled the N cycling dynamics in the basin, causing the high spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the riverine NO3- sources and transformation mechanisms. During the high-flow season, the precipitation and evaporation patterns controlled the in-soil processes and soil leaching. In contrast, in-stream nitrification became more evident during the low-flow season, which was related to the long water residence time. This study illustrates hydrology dominated control on N cycling over a large basin scale, which has implications for understanding the N cycling dynamics in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanchuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Jia G, Chen L, Yu X, Liu Z. Soil water stress overrides the benefit of water-use efficiency from rising CO 2 and temperature in a cold semi-arid poplar plantation. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:1172-1186. [PMID: 35037279 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The counteractive effect of atmospheric CO2 (ca ) enrichment and drought stress on tree growth results in great uncertainty in the growth patterns of forest plantations in cold semi-arid regions. We analysed tree ring chronologies and carbon isotopes in Populus simonii plantations in cold semi-arid areas in northern China over the past four decades. We hypothesized that the hydraulic stress from drought would override the stimulating effect of increasing ca and temperature (T) on stem growth (basal area increment [BAI]). We found the stimulating effect of rising ca and T on the growth, indicated by continuous increase of intrinsic water-use efficiency in all stands and a positive correlation between T and BAI. However, these effects failed to alleviate the negative impacts of drought on tree growth. Concurrent acceleration of BAI reversed during the intensive drought episodes. Water stress resulted from inaccessibility of roots to deep soil water rather than from lack of precipitation, suggested by the decoupling of BAI from precipitation and vapour pressure deficit. Local soil water limitation might also cause greater stomatal regulation in declining trees, indicated by lower intercellular CO2 concentration. Thus, site-specific soil moisture conditions growth sensitivity to global warming resulting in site-specific decline episodes in drought-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Jia
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Bathellier C, Tcherkez G. Experimental evidence for extra proton exchange in ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase catalysis. Commun Integr Biol 2022; 15:68-74. [PMID: 35186179 PMCID: PMC8855871 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2022.2039431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in the past 50 y, the mechanism of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalysis is still not well understood. In particular, the movement and exchange of protons within the active site is not well documented: typically, kinetics of H exchange during the first steps of catalysis, i.e. abstraction of the H3 atom of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and enolization, are not clearly established. Here, we took advantage of reaction assays run in heavy water (2H2O) to monitor the appearance of deuterated RuBP and deuterated products (3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate) with exact mass LC-MS. Enolization was reversible such that de-enolization generated not only monodeuterated RuBP (2H-[H-3]-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate) but also dideuterated RuBP (2H2-[H-3,O-3]-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate). Carboxylation yielded about one half deuterated 3-phosphoglycerate (2H-[H-2]-3-phosphoglycerate) and also a small proportion of dideuterated 3-phosphoglycerate (2H2-[H-2,O-2]-3-phosphoglycerate). Oxygenation generated a small amount of monodeuterated, but no dideuterated, products. (Di)deuterated isotopologue abundance depended negatively on gas concentration. We conclude that in addition to the first step of proton exchange at H3 occurring before gas addition (and thus influenced by the competition between de-enolization and gas addition), there is another proton exchange step between solvent water, active site residues, and the 2,3-enediol(ate) leading to deuterated OH groups in products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
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Xu S, Li SL, Zhong J. [Effects of Land Use on Riverine Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and δ13C DIC in a Karst River Basin, Southwestern China]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:752-761. [PMID: 35075849 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the riverine carbon cycle, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has attracted continuous attention. The stable carbon isotope (δ13CDIC) of DIC can reflect its sources and transformations. However, the effects of land use on DIC and δ13CDIC are rarely investigated. To study the influencing factors of DIC and δ13CDIC, river water samples were collected and analyzed from the Chishui River basin, a typical karst river basin in southwestern China. The upper reaches of the Chishui River basin were predominantly underlain by carbonate sedimentary rocks, whereas the lower reaches contained mostly siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, and the forest coverage in the lower reaches was relatively high. The elemental compositions of the river water revealed that the hydrochemistry of rivers in the upper reaches of the basin was mainly controlled by carbonate weathering, whereas the hydrochemistry of some tributaries in the lower reaches was mainly affected by silicate weathering. During the wet season, the average values of c (DIC) and the δ13CDIC value were (1940±493) μmol·L-1 and (-9±1) ‰, respectively, whereas the c (DIC) was relatively high, and the δ13CDIC value was more positive in the dry season, with the average values of (2334±626) μmol·L-1 and (-7.3±1) ‰, respectively. The DIC of most samples was mainly controlled by carbonate weathering under an open system and was derived from carbonate minerals and atmospheric and soil CO2. The seasonal variations in the c (DIC) and δ13CDIC values suggested that c (DIC) was regulated by climate, hydrology, and biology. The increasing contribution of biological carbon to DIC in summer was the main cause of the more negative δ13CDIC value in the wet season, whereas the dilution effect of higher discharge was the main cause of the low c (DIC) in the wet season. The samples from three tributaries in the lower reaches with the highest proportion of silicate and forest distribution had the highest dissolved organic carbon concentration[c (DOC)], the lowest c (DIC), and the most negative δ13CDIC value in the wet season. The proportion of carbonate distribution had positive correlations with c (DIC) in the wet and dry seasons, indicating that lithology was the main controlling factor of c (DIC). The rivers draining the carbonate areas had a lower c (DIC) and a more negative δ13CDIC value in the wet season than those in the dry season, whereas for the rivers draining non-carbonate areas with high forest coverage, the c (DIC) was higher and the δ13CDIC value was significantly more negative in the wet season than those in the dry season. This implies that c (DIC) and δ13CDIC are significantly affected by land use when they are less affected by lithology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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25
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Shkembi B, Huppertz T. Influence of Dairy Products on Bioavailability of Zinc from Other Food Products: A Review of Complementarity at a Meal Level. Nutrients 2021; 13:4253. [PMID: 34959808 PMCID: PMC8705257 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we reviewed the role of dairy products in dietary zinc absorption. Dairy products can have a reasonable contribution for dietary zinc intake in Western diets, where dairy consumption is high. However, the co-ingestion of dairy products can also improve zinc absorption from other food products. Such improvements have been observed when dairy products (e.g., milk or yoghurt) were ingested together with food such as rice, tortillas or bread products, all of which are considered to be high-phytate foods with low inherent zinc absorption. For foods low in phytate, the co-ingestion of dairy products did not improve zinc absorption. Improved zinc absorption of zinc from high-phytate foods following co-ingestion with dairy products may be related to the beneficial effects of the citrate and phosphopeptides present in dairy products. Considering that the main dietary zinc sources in areas in the world where zinc deficiency is most prevalent are typically high in phytate, the inclusion of dairy products in meals may be a viable dietary strategy to improve zinc absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Shkembi
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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26
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Kthiri Z, Jabeur MB, Harbaoui K, Karmous C, Chamekh Z, Chairi F, Serret MD, Araus JL, Hamada W. Comparative Performances of Beneficial Microorganisms on the Induction of Durum Wheat Tolerance to Fusarium Head Blight. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122410. [PMID: 34946012 PMCID: PMC8705052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat production is seriously threatened by Fusarium head blight (FHB) attacks in Tunisia, and the seed coating by bio-agents is a great alternative for chemical disease control. This study focuses on evaluating, under field conditions, the effect of seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and their combination on (i) FHB severity, durum wheat grain yield and TKW in three crop seasons, and (ii) on physiological parameters and the carbon and nitrogen content and isotope composition in leaves and grains of durum wheat. The results indicated that the treatments were effective in reducing FHB severity by 30 to 70% and increasing grain yield with an increased rate ranging from 25 to 68%, compared to the inoculated control. The impact of treatments on grain yield improvement was associated with higher NDVI and chlorophyll content and lower canopy temperature. Furthermore, the treatments mitigated the FHB adverse effects on N and C metabolism by resulting in a higher δ13Cgrain (13C/12Cgrain) and δ15Ngrain (15N/14Ngrain). Overall, the combination outperformed the other seed treatments by producing the highest grain yield and TKW. The high potency of seed coating with the combination suggests that the two microorganisms have synergetic or complementary impacts on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayneb Kthiri
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-53-556-610
| | - Maissa Ben Jabeur
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Kalthoum Harbaoui
- High School of Agriculture of Mateur, Department of Plant Sciences, Carthage University, Mateur 7030, Tunisia;
| | - Chahine Karmous
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Zoubeir Chamekh
- National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Field Crop, Carthage University, Tunis 2049, Tunisia;
| | - Fadia Chairi
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Maria Dolores Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Walid Hamada
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
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27
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Stell AC, Douglas PMJ, Rigby M, Ganesan AL. The impact of spatially varying wetland source signatures on the atmospheric variability of δD-CH 4. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200442. [PMID: 34565222 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the first spatially resolved distribution of the [Formula: see text] signature of wetland methane emissions and assess its impact on atmospheric [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] signature map is derived by relating [Formula: see text] of precipitation to measured [Formula: see text] of methane wetland emissions at a variety of wetland types and locations. This results in strong latitudinal variation in the wetland [Formula: see text] source signature. When [Formula: see text] is simulated in a global atmospheric model, little difference is found in global mean, inter-hemispheric difference and seasonal cycle if the spatially varying [Formula: see text] source signature distribution is used instead of a globally uniform value. This is because atmospheric [Formula: see text] is largely controlled by OH fractionation. However, we show that despite these small differences, using atmospheric records of [Formula: see text] to infer changes in the wetland emissions distribution requires the use of the more accurate spatially varying [Formula: see text] source signature. We find that models will only be sensitive to changes in emissions distribution if spatial information can be exploited through the spatially resolved source signatures. In addition, we also find that on a regional scale, at sites measuring excursions of [Formula: see text] from background levels, substantial differences are simulated in atmospheric [Formula: see text] if using spatially varying or uniform source signatures. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad C Stell
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Peter M J Douglas
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 0E8
| | - Matthew Rigby
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Anita L Ganesan
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
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28
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Henriksson N, Lim H, Marshall J, Franklin O, McMurtrie RE, Lutter R, Magh R, Lundmark T, Näsholm T. Tree water uptake enhances nitrogen acquisition in a fertilized boreal forest - but not under nitrogen-poor conditions. New Phytol 2021; 232:113-122. [PMID: 34166537 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plant water uptake interacts with acquisition of soil nitrogen (N) and other nutrients is fundamental for predicting plant responses to a changing environment, but it is an area where models disagree. We present a novel isotopic labelling approach which reveals spatial patterns of water and N uptake, and their interaction, by trees. The stable isotopes 15 N and 2 H were applied to a small area of the forest floor in stands with high and low soil N availability. Uptake by surrounding trees was measured. The sensitivity of N acquisition to water uptake was quantified by statistical modelling. Trees in the high-N stand acquired twice as much 15 N as in the low-N stand and around half of their N uptake was dependent on water uptake (2 H enrichment). By contrast, in the low-N stand there was no positive effect of water uptake on N uptake. We conclude that tree N acquisition was only marginally dependent on water flux toward the root surface under low-N conditions whereas under high-N conditions, the water-associated N uptake was substantial. The results suggest a fundamental shift in N acquisition strategy under high-N conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Henriksson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - Hyungwoo Lim
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
| | - Ross E McMurtrie
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Reimo Lutter
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, EE-510 06, Estonia
| | - Ruth Magh
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - Tomas Lundmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90283, Sweden
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29
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Yang S, Wang B, Qin C, Yin R, Li P, Liu J, Point D, Maurice L, Sonke JE, Zhang L, Feng X. Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis Provides New Insights for Tracking Human Monomethylmercury Exposure Sources. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:12493-12503. [PMID: 34468125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Monomethylmercury (MMHg) exposure can induce adverse neurodevelopmental effects in humans and is a global environmental health concern. Human exposure to MMHg occurs predominately through the consumption of fishery foods and rice in Asia, but it is challenging to quantify these two exposure sources. Here, we innovatively utilized MMHg compound-specific stable isotope analyses (MMHg-CSIA) of the hair to quantify the human MMHg sources in coastal and inland areas, where fishery foods and rice are routinely consumed. Our data showed that the fishery foods and rice end members had distinct Δ199HgMMHg values in both coastal and inland areas. The Δ199HgMMHg values of the human hair were comparable to those of fishery foods but not those of rice. Positive shifts in the δ202HgMMHg values of the hair from diet were observed in the study areas. Additionally, significant differences in δ202Hg versus Δ199Hg were detected between MMHg and inorganic Hg (IHg) in the human hair but not in fishery foods and rice. A binary mixing model was developed to estimate the human MMHg exposures from fishery foods and rice using Δ199HgMMHg data. The model results suggested that human MMHg exposures were dominated (>80%) by fishery food consumption and were less affected by rice consumption in both the coastal and inland areas. This study demonstrated that the MMHg-CSIA method can provide unique information for tracking human MMHg exposure sources by excluding the deviations from dietary surveys, individual MMHg absorption/demethylation efficiencies, and the confounding effects of IHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Chongyang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Runsheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - David Point
- Observatory Midi-Pyrénées, Geosciences Environment Toulouse Laboratory, Research Institute for the Development (IRD), University of Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Laurence Maurice
- Observatory Midi-Pyrénées, Geosciences Environment Toulouse Laboratory, Research Institute for the Development (IRD), University of Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Jeroen E Sonke
- Observatory Midi-Pyrénées, Geosciences Environment Toulouse Laboratory, Research Institute for the Development (IRD), University of Toulouse and CNRS, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, China
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30
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Rammell NF, Dennert AM, Ernst CM, Reynolds JD. Effects of spawning Pacific salmon on terrestrial invertebrates: Insects near spawning habitat are isotopically enriched with nitrogen-15 but display no differences in body size. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12728-12738. [PMID: 34594534 PMCID: PMC8462137 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) spawn and die, they deliver marine-derived nutrient subsidies to freshwater and riparian ecosystems. These subsidies can alter the behavior, productivity, and abundance of recipient species and their habitats. Isotopes, such as nitrogen-15 (15N), are often used to trace the destination of marine-derived nutrients in riparian habitats. However, few studies have tested for correlations between stable isotopes and physiological responses of riparian organisms. We examined whether increases in δ 15N in terrestrial insect bodies adjacent to salmon spawning habitat translate to changes in percent nitrogen content and body size. This involved comparisons between distance from a salmon-bearing river, marine-derived nutrients in soils and insects, soil moisture content, and body size and nitrogen content in two common beetle families (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Carabidae). As predicted, δ15N in riparian soils attenuated with distance from the river but was unaffected by soil moisture. This gradient was mirrored by δ15N in the herbivorous curculionid beetles, whereas carabid beetles, which feed at a higher trophic level and are more mobile, did not show discernable patterns in their δ15N content. Additionally, neither distance from the river nor body δ15N content was related to beetle body size. We also found that nitrogen-15 was not correlated with total percent nitrogen in insect bodies, meaning that the presence of spawning salmon did not increase the percent nitrogen content of these insects. We conclude that while salmon-derived nutrients had entered terrestrial food webs, the presence of δ15N alone did not indicate meaningful physiological changes in these insects in terms of percent nitrogen nor body size. While stable isotopes may be useful tracers of marine-derived nutrients, they cannot necessarily be used as a proxy for physiologically important response variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola F. Rammell
- Earth to Ocean Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
| | - Allison M. Dennert
- Earth to Ocean Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
| | - Christopher M. Ernst
- Earth to Ocean Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBCCanada
| | - John D. Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCCanada
- Hakai InstituteHeriot BayBCCanada
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Ren C, Zhang Q, Wang H, Wang Y. Identification of Sources and Transformations of Nitrate in the Intense Human Activity Region of North China Using a Multi- Isotope and Bayesian Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8642. [PMID: 34444397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) contamination in water is an environmental problem of widespread concern. In this study, we combined the stable isotopes of NO3- (δ15N and δ18O) and water (δ2H and δ18O) with a Bayesian mixing model (SIAR) to identify the sources and transformation of NO3- in groundwater and rivers in the Ye River basin of North China. The results showed that the mean NO3- concentrations in groundwater were 133.5 and 111.7 mg/L in the dry and flood seasons, respectively, which exceeded the required Chinese drinking water standards for groundwater (88.6 mg/L) (GB14848-2017). This suggests that groundwater quality has been severely impacted by human activity. Land use significantly affected the concentration of NO3- in the Ye River basin (p < 0.05). However, the NO3- concentrations in groundwater and river water had no obvious temporal variation (p > 0.05). The principal mode of nitrogen transformation for both groundwater and river water was nitrification, whereas denitrification did not significantly affect the isotopic compositions of NO3-. The sources of NO3- mainly originated from sewage and manure, soil nitrogen, and NH4+ in fertilizer for groundwater and from sewage and manure for the river water. According to the SIAR model, the primary sources of nitrate found in groundwater and river were sewage and manure in the Ye River basin. The proportional contributions of sewage and manure to nitrate contamination of groundwater and river were 58% and 48% in the dry season and 49% and 54% in the flood season, respectively. Based on these results, we suggest that the local government should enhance the sewage treatment infrastructure, construct an effective waste storage system to collect manure, and pursue a scientific fertilization strategy (such as soil formula fertilization) to increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and prevent nitrate levels from increasing further.
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Su WX, Jia DB, Gao RZ, Lu JP, Lu FY, Zhao H, Wang F. [Water use characteristics of artificial sand-fixing vegetation on the southern edge of Hunshandake Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:1980-1988. [PMID: 34212602 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined the characteristics of water use in typical tree species of arbor and shrub in Hunshandake Sandy Land, Populus cathayana and Salix gordejevii, in the different seasons, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the structural optimization of the artificial shelterbelt. Samples of precipitation, soil water, groundwater and stem water of the two vegetation were collected, and their distribution characteristics of δD-δ18O were analyzed by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope technology. The contribution rate of these potential water source to the arbor and shrub species were calculated using multi-source linear mixing model. The precipitation equation line in the study area was δD=7.84δ18O+9.12, while soil moisture lines in the dry and wet season were δD=3.56δ18O-41.28 and δD=4.30δ18O-42.02, respectively. The δD-δ18O of soil water and stem water in the two seasons were lower than the precipitation δD-δ18O, indicating that both of them were strongly affected by the evaporation. Soil water contents in the shallow layer were strongly affected by rainfall and evaporation, with substantial fluctuation. With the increases of soil depth, soil water content tended to be stable, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotope in each soil layer showed significant differences. In the dry season, P. cathayana mainly utilized soil water in 0-40 cm and 120-200 cm layers, with contribution rates of 50.2% and 31.5%, respectively. S. gordejevii mainly absorbed soil water in 20-40 cm and 60-100 cm layers, and the contribution rates were 53.2% and 22.9%, respectively. In the wet season, the greatest contribution of soil water to P. cathayana was mainly in the 0-40 cm soil layer, accounting for 72.8%. S. gordejevii was mainly in the 0-20 cm soil water, evenly utilized the deeper soil water and groundwater. Due to the differences in root depth and distribution of the arbor and shrub, their water use strategies differed in different seasons, which was conducive to the stability of the shelterbelt community and tree species coexistence in Hunshandake Sandy Land. We proposed that the mixed planting species with different root depth should be considered in the future planting of artificial shelterbelt, which would help rationally utilize water resources and maintain the stability of sandy land ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xu Su
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - De-Bin Jia
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Rui-Zhong Gao
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jun-Ping Lu
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Lu
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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Glorennec P, Azema A, Durand S, Ayrault S, Le Bot B. The Isotopic Signature of Lead Emanations during the Fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5420. [PMID: 34069431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
When Notre Dame de Paris cathedral caught fire on 15 April 2019, lead particles were deposited in its surroundings. Our objective was to determine whether the lead plume had a homogeneous isotopic signature (i.e., a set of homogenous isotopic ratios), and whether, if so, this was different from common sources. In January 2020, dust samples were collected from six areas inside the cathedral, downwind of the fire, as well as from eight roof debris fragments. These samples were mineralized and analyzed using ICP-MS. Their isotopic ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb) were determined and then compared both to each other and to previous published ratios measured in home dusts and blood samples collected in France. The isotopic ratios of dust samples collected inside the cathedral were compatible with each other and with the roof fragments. These isotopic ratios are common and differ neither from those of many other dusts collected in France during the period 2008–2009, nor from those of blood samples collected from children in France during the same period. Moreover, the fire’s isotopic signature is close to the overall signature for Paris. Indeed, it would be difficult to attribute the fire at the cathedral to either lead poisoning or environmental contamination.
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Abstract
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses are widely used to infer diet and mobility in ancient and modern human populations, potentially providing a means to situate humans in global food webs. We collated 13,666 globally distributed analyses of ancient and modern human collagen and keratin samples. We converted all data to a common "Modern Diet Equivalent" reference frame to enable direct comparison among modern human diets, human diets prior to the advent of industrial agriculture, and the natural environment. This approach reveals a broad diet prior to industrialized agriculture and continued in modern subsistence populations, consistent with the human ability to consume opportunistically as extreme omnivores within complex natural food webs and across multiple trophic levels in every terrestrial and many marine ecosystems on the planet. In stark contrast, isotope dietary breadth across modern nonsubsistence populations has compressed by two-thirds as a result of the rise of industrialized agriculture and animal husbandry practices and the globalization of food distribution networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Bird
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia;
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Stefani A Crabtree
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
| | - Jordahna Haig
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Sean Ulm
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Christopher M Wurster
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
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Stulz R, Milligan F, Stovold C, Love I, Strömberg R, Andersson S, Dahlén A. 34S-SIL of PCSK9-Active Oligonucleotide as Tools for Accurate Quantification by Mass Spectrometry. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:375-381. [PMID: 33978476 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling (SIL) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is a well-established technique for the accurate quantification of small-molecule drugs. As the scope of active ingredients is expanding into areas of larger molecules, such as oligonucleotides (ONs), the development of new quantification techniques is critical. Herein, we describe the analysis of a 34S-SIL anti-PCSK9 gapmer-type antisense ON. A new method for the quantification of this API in complex biological matrices was developed and applied to mouse, dog, and monkey tissue homogenates, which gave improved accuracy and reproducibility compared with the use of auxiliary ONs as internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Stulz
- Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, S-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Fiona Milligan
- Bioanalysis Department, Charles River Laboratories, Elphinstone Research Centre, Tranent, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Stovold
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Love
- Bioanalysis Department, Charles River Laboratories, Elphinstone Research Centre, Tranent, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, S-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shalini Andersson
- Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,DMPK, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Dahlén
- Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Reeskamp LF, Millar JS, Wu L, Jansen H, van Harskamp D, Schierbeek H, Gipe DA, Rader DJ, Dallinga-Thie GM, Hovingh GK, Cuchel M. ANGPTL3 Inhibition With Evinacumab Results in Faster Clearance of IDL and LDL apoB in Patients With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1753-1759. [PMID: 33691480 PMCID: PMC8057526 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: The mechanism by which evinacumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against ANGPTL3 (angiopoietin-like 3 protein) lowers plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is unknown. We investigated apoB (apolipoprotein B) containing lipoprotein kinetic parameters in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, before and after treatment with evinacumab. Approach and Results: Four patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia underwent apoB kinetic analyses in 2 centers as part of a substudy of a trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of evinacumab in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The enrichment of apoB with the stable isotope (5,5,5-2H3)-Leucine was measured in VLDL (very LDL), IDL (intermediate-density lipoprotein), and LDL at different time points before and after intravenous administration of 15 mg/kg evinacumab. Evinacumab lowered LDL-cholesterol by 59±2% and increased IDL apoB and LDL apoB fractional catabolic rate in all 4 homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia subjects, by 616±504% and 113±14%, respectively. VLDL-apoB production rate decreased in 2 of the 4 subjects. Conclusions: In this small study, ANGPTL3 inhibition with evinacumab is associated with an increase in the fractional catabolic rate of IDL apoB and LDL apoB, suggesting that evinacumab lowers LDL-cholesterol predominantly by increasing apoB-containing lipoprotein clearance from the circulation. Additional studies are needed to unravel which factors are determinants in this biological pathway. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04722068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens F Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine (L.F.R., G.K.H.), Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John S Millar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (J.S.M.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (J.S.M., L.W., D.J.R., M.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Liya Wu
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (J.S.M., L.W., D.J.R., M.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Hans Jansen
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine (H.J.), Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dewi van Harskamp
- Stable Isotope Research Laboratory, Endocrinology, Vrije Universiteit (D.v.H., H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Stable Isotope Research Laboratory, Endocrinology, Vrije Universiteit (D.v.H., H.S.), Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel A Gipe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY (D.A.G.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (J.S.M., L.W., D.J.R., M.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine (L.F.R., G.K.H.), Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (J.S.M., L.W., D.J.R., M.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Abadie C, Tcherkez G. 13C Isotope Labelling to Follow the Flux of Photorespiratory Intermediates. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:427. [PMID: 33668274 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the carbon flux through metabolic pathways in intact illuminated leaves remains challenging because of, e.g., isotopic dilution by endogenous metabolites, the impossibility to reach isotopic steady state, and the occurrence of multiple pools. In the case of photorespiratory intermediates, our knowledge of the partitioning between photorespiratory recycling, storage, and utilization by other pathways is thus rather limited. There has been some controversy as to whether photorespiratory glycine and serine may not be recycled, thus changing the apparent stoichiometric coefficient between photorespiratory O2 fixation and CO2 release. We describe here an isotopic method to trace the fates of glycine, serine and glycerate, taking advantage of positional 13C content with NMR and isotopic analyses by LC–MS. This technique is well-adapted to show that the proportion of glycerate, serine and glycine molecules escaping photorespiratory recycling is very small.
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Hou R, Gan L, Guan F, Wang Y, Li J, Zhou S, Yuan Y. Bioelectrochemically enhanced degradation of bisphenol S: mechanistic insights from stable isotope-assisted investigations. iScience 2021; 24:102014. [PMID: 33490921 PMCID: PMC7809511 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroactive microbes is the driving force for the bioelectrochemical degradation of organic pollutants, but the underlying microbial interactions between electrogenesis and pollutant degradation have not been clearly identified. Here, we combined stable isotope-assisted metabolomics (SIAM) and 13C-DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) to investigate bisphenol S (BPS) enhanced degradation by electroactive mixed-culture biofilms (EABs). Using SIAM, six 13C fully labeled transformation products were detected originating via hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, or aromatic ring-cleavage reactions from 13C-BPS, suggesting hydrolysis and oxidation as the initial and key degradation pathways for the electrochemical degradation process. The DNA-SIP results further displayed high 13C-DNA accumulation in the genera Bacteroides and Cetobacterium from the EABs and indicated their ability in the assimilation of BPS or its metabolites. Collectively, network analysis showed that the collaboration between electroactive microbes and BPS assimilators played pivotal roles the improvement in bioelectrochemically enhanced BPS degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengyi Guan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, School of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Suzuki RM, Reis MDP, Denadai JC, Pacheco LG, Nascimento CCN, Sakomura NK. Threonine incorporation in tissues of growing broiler chickens using L-[ 15 N] threonine. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:960-964. [PMID: 33410558 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Most amino acid requirement trials appear for whole-body responses, but there is little information concerning amino acid incorporation in individual tissues, which may vary according to the age. L-[15 N] threonine was used to evaluate its incorporation rate and distribution among broiler tissues in different ages. Seventy-two male broiler chickens were distributed into three different phases: starter (4 to 9 days old), grower (18 to 23 days old) and finisher phase (32 to 37 days old). L-[15 N] threonine was added on balanced diets, and birds were fed for five days in each phase. Enriched samples of breast muscle, feathers, liver, jejunum and plasma were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr after fed birds with the tracer in each phase. In the tissues were analysed dry matter, nitrogen and stable nitrogen. The 15 N isotope abundance according to the time was fitted into exponential or linear equations using a same intercept. The ratio of the steepness or slope coefficients was determined to compare the L-[15 N] threonine incorporation according to the age. In addition, L-[15 N] threonine mass balances were performed to assess the L-[15 N] threonine distribution among the evaluated tissues. Except for feathers, the L-[15 N] threonine incorporation rate decreased with ageing. Taking into account the L-[15 N] threonine distribution in the tissues, only in the jejunum was not observed an increase as the broiler grew. The L-[15 N] incorporation varied in each tissue and according to the age of the broiler chickens. These outcomes could be useful to comprehend changes in amino acid requirements tissue-specific according to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Massami Suzuki
- School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Paula Reis
- School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Juliana Célia Denadai
- Stable Isotope Center "Prof. Carlos Ducatti", São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilva Kazue Sakomura
- School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Martínez-Cuenca MR, Martínez-Alcántara B, Millos J, Legaz F, Quiñones A. Seasonal Fe Uptake of Young Citrus Trees and Its Contribution to the Development of New Organs. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:E79. [PMID: 33401714 PMCID: PMC7823581 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This work quantifies Fe uptake in young citrus trees, its partitioning among plant compartments, and the contribution of the Fe absorbed from fertilizer to the development of new tissues. A soil pot experiment was conducted using 4-year-old clementine trees (Citrus clementina Hort ex Tan), and a dose of 240 mg Fe was applied by labeled fertilizer (92% atom 57Fe excess). Plants were uprooted at five different phenologic states: end of flowering (May 15), end of fruit setting and fruit drop (July 1), two fruit growing moments (August 1 and October 15), and at complete fruit maturity (December 10). The Fe accumulated in the root system exceeded 90% of the total Fe content in the plant. All organs progressively enriched with 57Fe (8.5-15.5% and 7.4-9.9% for young and old organs, respectively). Reproductive ones reached the highest increase (111% between May and October). 57Fe enrichment from woody organs reflects an increasing gradient to sink organs. The root system accumulated 80% of the Fe absorbed from the fertilizer, but the young organs accumulated relatively more Fe uptake during flowering and fruit setting (15.6% and 13.8%, respectively) than old organs (around 9.8%). Although iron derived from fertilizer (Fedff) preferably supplied young organs (16.7-31.0%) against old ones (2.5-14.9%), it only represented between 13.8% and 21.4% of its content. The use efficiency of the applied Fe (FeUE) barely exceeded 15%. The lowest FeUE were found in young and old organs of the aerial part (1.1-1.8% and 0.7-1.2%, respectively). Since the pattern of the seasonal absorption of Fe is similar to the monthly distribution curve of the supplied Fe, it is recommended that the application of Fe chelates in calcareous soils should be performed in a similar way to that proposed in this curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca
- Department of Citriculture and Vegetal Production, Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research–IVIA, Crta. CV-315, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Belen Martínez-Alcántara
- Department of Citriculture and Vegetal Production, Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research–IVIA, Crta. CV-315, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Jorge Millos
- Service of Food Security and Sustainable Development-C.A.C.T.I., Vigo University, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Francisco Legaz
- Department of Citriculture and Vegetal Production, Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research–IVIA, Crta. CV-315, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-A.); (F.L.)
| | - Ana Quiñones
- Center for the Development of Sustainable Agriculture-CDAS, Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research–IVIA, Crta. CV-315, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Blum JD, Drazen JC, Johnson MW, Popp BN, Motta LC, Jamieson AJ. Mercury isotopes identify near-surface marine mercury in deep-sea trench biota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29292-8. [PMID: 33199629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012773117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury is a globally distributed neurotoxic pollutant that can be biomagnified in marine fish to levels that are harmful for consumption by humans and other animals. The degree to which mercury has infiltrated the oceans yields important information on the biogeochemistry of mercury and its expected effects on fisheries during changing mercury emissions scenarios. Mercury isotope measurement of biota from deep-sea trenches was used to demonstrate that surface-ocean-derived mercury has infiltrated the deepest locations in the oceans. It was found that when fish living in the surface ocean die and their carcasses sink (along with marine particles), they transfer large amounts of mercury to the trench foodwebs leading to high concentrations of mercury in trench biota. Mercury isotopic compositions of amphipods and snailfish from deep-sea trenches reveal information on the sources and transformations of mercury in the deep oceans. Evidence for methyl-mercury subjected to photochemical degradation in the photic zone is provided by odd-mass independent isotope values (Δ199Hg) in amphipods from the Kermadec Trench, which average 1.57‰ (±0.14, n = 12, SD), and amphipods from the Mariana Trench, which average 1.49‰ (±0.28, n = 13). These values are close to the average value of 1.48‰ (±0.34, n = 10) for methyl-mercury in fish that feed at ∼500-m depth in the central Pacific Ocean. Evidence for variable contributions of mercury from rainfall is provided by even-mass independent isotope values (Δ200Hg) in amphipods that average 0.03‰ (±0.02, n = 12) for the Kermadec and 0.07‰ (±0.01, n = 13) for the Mariana Trench compared to the rainfall average of 0.13 (±0.05, n = 8) in the central Pacific. Mass-dependent isotope values (δ202Hg) are elevated in amphipods from the Kermadec Trench (0.91 ±0.22‰, n = 12) compared to the Mariana Trench (0.26 ±0.23‰, n = 13), suggesting a higher level of microbial demethylation of the methyl-mercury pool before incorporation into the base of the foodweb. Our study suggests that mercury in the marine foodweb at ∼500 m, which is predominantly anthropogenic, is transported to deep-sea trenches primarily in carrion, and then incorporated into hadal (6,000-11,000-m) food webs. Anthropogenic Hg added to the surface ocean is, therefore, expected to be rapidly transported to the deepest reaches of the oceans.
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Mohammad MA, Didelija IC, Marini JC. Arginase II Plays a Central Role in the Sexual Dimorphism of Arginine Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:3133-3140. [PMID: 33188387 PMCID: PMC7726119 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in plasma concentration of arginine and arginase activity of different tissues have been reported in mice. In addition, male but not female C57BL/6 mice have a dietary arginine requirement for growth. OBJECTIVE The goal of this research was to test the hypothesis that arginase II is a key factor in the sexual dimorphism of arginine metabolism. METHODS Young adult male and female wild type (WT), and heterozygous and arginase II knockout mice on a C57BL/6 background mice were infused with labeled citrulline, arginine, ornithine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine to determine the rates of appearance and interconversion of these amino acids. Tissue arginase activity was measured in the liver, heart, jejunum, kidney, pancreas, and spleen with an arginine radioisotope. The effect of genotype, sex, and their interaction was tested. RESULTS Female mice produced ∼36% more citrulline than their male littermates, which translated into a greater arginine endogenous synthesis, flux, and plasma concentration (42, 6, and 27%, respectively; P < 0.001). Female mice also had a greater phenylalanine flux (10%) indicating a greater rate of whole protein breakdown; however, they had a lower protein synthesis rate than males (18%; P < 0.001). The ablation of arginase II reduced the production of citrulline and the de novo synthesis of arginine in females and increased the rate of appearance of arginine and plasma arginine concentration in male mice (16 and 22%, respectively; P < 0.001). No effect of arginase II deletion, however, was observed for whole-body protein kinetics. Arginase II activity was present in the pancreas, kidney, jejunum, and spleen; WT females had a ∼2-fold greater renal arginase activity than their WT counterparts. CONCLUSIONS A clear sexual dimorphism exists in the endogenous synthesis of arginine and its disposal. Female mice have a greater arginine availability than their male littermates. The ablation of arginase II increases arginine availability in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Mohammad
- USDA/ARS (Agricultural Research Service) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inka C Didelija
- USDA/ARS (Agricultural Research Service) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Moran BJ, Koroulakis A, Decesaris C, Braccioforte MH, Amin N, Agarwal M. Long-term outcomes of a prospective randomized trial of 131Cs/ 125I permanent prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 2020; 20:38-43. [PMID: 33059997 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine-125 (125I) is the most commonly used isotope for prostate brachytherapy (BT). Cesium-131 (131Cs) has a higher dose rate and shorter dose delivery time resulting in decreased duration of acute urinary morbidity. Long-term data suggest excellent oncologic outcomes; it is not known how outcomes compare. A prospective randomized trial comparing the two isotopes was initiated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with low- or intermediate-risk disease were treated with a BT in a single outpatient facility. Prescription dose was 144 Gy for 125I and 115 Gy for 131Cs. Androgen deprivation or supplemental EBRT was not allowed. The primary study objective was comparison of the mean EPIC Urinary Domain Score. Secondary objective was biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS) comparison. Time-to-event for all outcomes of interest was measured from implant date. RESULTS One hundred forty men were enrolled; 81.4% were low-risk and 18.6% were intermediate-risk. The median followup was 97 months. Urinary and sexual health-related quality of life did not differ between isotopes at any recorded time point. At 2 months after implantation, bowel health-related quality of life was worse with 125I; however, this difference was lost at subsequent time points. The 9-year BRFS was 87.2% and 84.0% for the 125I and 131Cs group, respectively (p = 0.897). There was no statistically significant difference in BRFS based on initial T stage, PSA, or Gleason score. CONCLUSIONS Short- and long-term urinary, sexual, and bowel quality of life, as well as long-term biochemical control were comparable between 125I and 131Cs. This report therefore supports the continued use of 131Cs as an effective and comparable alternative isotope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antony Koroulakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cristina Decesaris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michelle H Braccioforte
- Prostate Cancer Foundation of Chicago, Westmont, IL; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Neha Amin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manuj Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA.
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Fleskes RE, Ofunniyin AA, Gilmore JK, Poplin E, Abel SM, Bueschgen WD, Juarez C, Butler N, Mishoe G, Oubré L, Cabana GS, Schurr TG. Ancestry, health, and lived experiences of enslaved Africans in 18th century Charleston: An osteobiographical analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 2020; 175:3-24. [PMID: 33022107 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2013, the burials of 36 individuals of putative African ancestry were discovered during renovation of the Gaillard Center in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. The Charleston community facilitated a bioarchaeological and mitogenomic study to gain insights into the lives of these unknown persons, referred to as the Anson Street Ancestors, including their ancestry, health, and lived experiences in the 18th century. METHODS Metric and morphological assessments of skeletal and dental characteristics were recorded, and enamel and cortical bone strontium stable isotope values generated. Whole mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS Osteological analysis identified adults, both females and males, and subadults at the site, and estimated African ancestry for most individuals. Skeletal trauma and pathology were infrequent, but many individuals exhibited dental decay and abscesses. Strontium isotope data suggested these individuals mostly originated in Charleston or sub-Saharan Africa, with many being long-term residents of Charleston. Nearly all had mitochondrial lineages belonging to African haplogroups (L0-L3, H1cb1a), with two individuals sharing the same L3e2a haplotype, while one had a Native American A2 mtDNA. DISCUSSION This study generated detailed osteobiographies of the Anson Street Ancestors, who were likely of enslaved status. Our results indicate that the Ancestors have diverse maternal African ancestries and are largely unrelated, with most being born locally. These details reveal the demographic impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Our analysis further illuminates the lived experiences of individuals buried at Anson Street, and expands our understanding of 18th century African history in Charleston.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel E Fleskes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ade A Ofunniyin
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joanna K Gilmore
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Poplin
- Brockington and Associates, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne M Abel
- Charleston County Coroner's Office, North Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wolf D Bueschgen
- Charleston County Coroner's Office, North Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chelsey Juarez
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Nic Butler
- Charleston County Public Library, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Grant Mishoe
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - La'Sheia Oubré
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Graciela S Cabana
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Hossain F. Contaminated aquatic sediments. Water Environ Res 2020; 92:1794-1804. [PMID: 33459448 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic sediments are contaminated by different anthropogenic activities and natural deposition. This review manuscript has discussed on published manuscript in 2019 based on monitoring and identification of contaminants, GIS application and isotopic evaluation for monitoring of pollutants, physicochemical and biochemical fate and transport of the pollutants as well as remediation and toxicity analysis so that environmental and ecological impacts due to pollution can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Hossain
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Kulmatiski A, Beard KH, Holdrege MC, February EC. Small differences in root distributions allow resource niche partitioning. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9776-9787. [PMID: 33005344 PMCID: PMC7520225 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep roots have long been thought to allow trees to coexist with shallow-rooted grasses. However, data demonstrating how root distributions affect water uptake and niche partitioning are uncommon.We describe tree and grass root distributions using a depth-specific tracer experiment six times over two years in a subtropical savanna, Kruger National Park, South Africa. These point-in-time measurements were then used in a soil water flow model to simulate continuous water uptake by depth and plant growth form (trees and grasses) across two growing seasons. This allowed estimates of the total amount of water a root distribution could absorb as well as the amount of water a root distribution could absorb in excess of the other rooting distribution (i.e., unique hydrological niche).Most active tree and grass roots were in shallow soils: The mean depth of water uptake was 22 cm for trees and 17 cm for grasses. Slightly deeper rooting distributions provided trees with 5% more soil water than the grasses in a drier season, but 13% less water in a wetter season. Small differences also provided each rooting distribution (tree or grass) with unique hydrological niches of 4 to 13 mm water.The effect of rooting distributions has long been inferred. By quantifying the depth and timing of water uptake, we demonstrated how even small differences in rooting distributions can provide plants with resource niches that can contribute to species coexistence. Differences in total water uptake and unique hydrological niche sizes were small in this system, but they indicated that tradeoffs in rooting strategies can be expected to contribute to tree and grass coexistence because 1) competitive advantages change over time and 2) plant growth forms always have access to a soil resource pool that is not available to the other plant growth form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Karen H. Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
| | - Martin C. Holdrege
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA
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Yoder PS, Castro JJ, Ruiz-Cortes T, Hanigan MD. An in vitro method for assessment of amino acid bidirectional transport and intracellular metabolic fluxes in mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8948-8966. [PMID: 32861491 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding uptake of AA by mammary tissue as supply varies is critical for predicting milk component production. Our objective was to develop an in vitro method to quantify cellular uptake, efflux, and intracellular metabolism of individual AA that could be implemented for evaluating these factors when AA supply and profile are varied. Bovine primary mammary epithelial cells were grown to confluency and exposed to medium with an AA profile and concentration similar to lactating dairy cow plasma for 24 h. Cells were then preloaded in medium enriched with 15N-labeled AA for 24 h followed by removal of the 15N-labeled medium and incubation with medium enriched with 13C-labeled AA for 0, 15, 60, 300, 900, 1,800, and 3,600 s. Extracellular free AA and intracellular free and protein-bound AA were analyzed for concentrations and isotopic enrichment by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A dynamic, 12-pool model was constructed representing extracellular and intracellular free and protein-bound pools of an AA, and their respective 15N and 13C isotopes. Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation (n = 5,000) was conducted to evaluate prediction errors by deriving standard errors and posterior distributions for rate constants, fluxes, and pools. Cellular Ala influx and efflux were higher than Leu, reflecting Ala role in driving system L transport and the high capacity of sodium-dependent transport. The Ala and Leu turnover rates were 181 and 95, 580 and 857, and 74 and 157% per hour for extracellular, intracellular, and fast protein-bound pools, respectively. The intracellular and extracellular Ala to Leu ratios were quite different, meaning the blood AA profile is not the AA profile provided for protein translation. The high level of exchange and rapid turnover of pools provide a mechanism for matching the AA supplies to the precision necessary for translation. This also understates the importance of using experimental medium similar to what is observed in vivo given that some AA depend on other AA for influx (exchange driven). The average root mean squared prediction error across the isotope enrichments, pools, and concentrations was 9.7 and 14.1% for Ala and Leu, respectively, and collinearity among parameters was low, indicating adequate fit and identifiability. The described model provides insight on individual AA transport kinetics and a method for future evaluation of AA transport and intracellular metabolism when subjected to varying AA supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Yoder
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061; Perdue AgriBusiness LLC, Salisbury, MD 21804
| | | | - Tatiana Ruiz-Cortes
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, 050010
| | - M D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
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Yergey JA. A general approach to calculating isotopic distributions for mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4498. [PMID: 31957110 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental principles for obtaining mass spectral isotopic distributions are applied to a general computer program that can be used to calculate and present in tabular and graphic form the isotopic contributions for any molecular formula. A unique feature is the retention of the isotopic distribution, exact mass, and absolute abundance for all individual peaks at each mass. Special considerations have been made for the large number of isotopic combinations that occur for many higher mass compounds. The computer program accepts the input of a molecular formula followed by interactive input of a number of parameters that affect the final presentation of the theoretical distribution profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Yergey
- Middle Atlantic Mass Spectrometry Facility, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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Gu MN, Pan YP, He YX, Tian SL, Wang YJ, Lü XM, Ni X, Sun J, Wu DM, Fang YT. [Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia: Sensitivity Test Based on Stable Isotope Analysis in R Language]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2020; 41:3095-3101. [PMID: 32608881 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201911132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an important precursor of fine particles and nitrogen deposition. It is critical to identify and quantify the sources of NH3 before the implementation of a mitigation strategy. Stable isotope analysis in R (SIAR) has potential with regard to the source apportionment of NH3, but its reliability is closely related to the signatures (δ15N-NH3) of emission sources. Based on SIAR, we found that the agricultural contribution varied significantly with mean δ15N-NH3 values of endmember input. In contrast, both the contributions of fossil fuel and NH3 slip showed low sensitivity against the change of endmember input. Moreover, the agricultural contribution changed by about 20% due to the variations in agricultural endmember mean values. Such a change is five times that due to the variations in endmember standard deviation values. Notably, regardless of the number of input sources tested, "non-agricultural source" was the dominant source of NH3 during hazy days in January 2013 in Beijing. Since various agricultural sources showed large variations in δ15N-NH3, future studies should focus on the endmember signatures of agricultural sources to further reduce the uncertainty in SIAR-based NH3 source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Na Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue-Peng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue-Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shi-Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue-Mei Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dian-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yun-Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Roosendaal J, Rosing H, Beijnen JH. Stable Isotopically Labeled Intravenous Microdose Pharmacokinetic Trials as a Tool to Assess Absolute Bioavailability: Feasibility and Paradigm to Apply for Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Oncology. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:552-559. [PMID: 32573110 PMCID: PMC7383911 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Roosendaal
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Science Faculty, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Science Faculty, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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