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Chaouachi L, Marín-Sanz M, Kthiri Z, Boukef S, Harbaoui K, Barro F, Karmous C. The opportunity of using durum wheat landraces to tolerate drought stress: screening morpho-physiological components. AoB Plants 2023; 15:plad022. [PMID: 37228421 PMCID: PMC10205476 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Local genetic resources could constitute a promising solution to overcome drought stress. Thus, eight (8) durum wheat landraces and one improved variety were assessed for drought tolerance in pots under controlled conditions. Three water treatments were tested: control (100 % of the field capacity (FC)), medium (50 % FC) and severe (25 % FC) stress. The assessment was carried out at the seedling stage to mimic stress during crop set-up. Results showed that increased water stress led to a decrease in biomass and morpho-physiological parameters and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. Severe water stress decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, relative water content (RWC) and water potential of the investigated genotypes by 56.45, 20.58, 50.18 and 139.4 %, respectively. Besides, the phenolic compounds content increased by 169.2 % compared to the control. Catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities increased 17 days after treatment for most genotypes except Karim and Hmira. A principal component analysis showed that the most contributed drought tolerance traits were chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, RWC and electrolyte conductivity. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering showed that the landraces Aouija, Biskri and Hedhba exhibited a higher adaptive response to drought stress treatments, indicating that water stress-adaptive traits are included in Tunisian landraces germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Chaouachi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture-Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Zayneb Kthiri
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Boukef
- High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariam, Sousse University, Chott-Mariem 13, Sousse 4042, Tunisia
| | - Kalthoum Harbaoui
- Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, Carthage University, 7030 Route de Tabarka, Tunisia
| | | | - Chahine Karmous
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
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Kthiri Z, Jabeur MB, Harbaoui K, Karmous C, Chamekh Z, Chairi F, Serret MD, Araus JL, Hamada W. Comparative Performances of Beneficial Microorganisms on the Induction of Durum Wheat Tolerance to Fusarium Head Blight. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122410. [PMID: 34946012 PMCID: PMC8705052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat production is seriously threatened by Fusarium head blight (FHB) attacks in Tunisia, and the seed coating by bio-agents is a great alternative for chemical disease control. This study focuses on evaluating, under field conditions, the effect of seed coating with Trichoderma harzianum, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and their combination on (i) FHB severity, durum wheat grain yield and TKW in three crop seasons, and (ii) on physiological parameters and the carbon and nitrogen content and isotope composition in leaves and grains of durum wheat. The results indicated that the treatments were effective in reducing FHB severity by 30 to 70% and increasing grain yield with an increased rate ranging from 25 to 68%, compared to the inoculated control. The impact of treatments on grain yield improvement was associated with higher NDVI and chlorophyll content and lower canopy temperature. Furthermore, the treatments mitigated the FHB adverse effects on N and C metabolism by resulting in a higher δ13Cgrain (13C/12Cgrain) and δ15Ngrain (15N/14Ngrain). Overall, the combination outperformed the other seed treatments by producing the highest grain yield and TKW. The high potency of seed coating with the combination suggests that the two microorganisms have synergetic or complementary impacts on wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayneb Kthiri
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-53-556-610
| | - Maissa Ben Jabeur
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Kalthoum Harbaoui
- High School of Agriculture of Mateur, Department of Plant Sciences, Carthage University, Mateur 7030, Tunisia;
| | - Chahine Karmous
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
| | - Zoubeir Chamekh
- National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Field Crop, Carthage University, Tunis 2049, Tunisia;
| | - Fadia Chairi
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Maria Dolores Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (F.C.); (M.D.S.); (J.L.A.)
- AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Walid Hamada
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereals Breeding, National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis 1082, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (C.K.); (W.H.)
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Harbaoui K, Hamada W, Li Y, Vleeshouwers VGAA, van der Lee T. Increased Difficulties to Control Late Blight in Tunisia Are Caused by a Genetically Diverse Phytophthora infestans Population Next to the Clonal Lineage NA-01. Plant Dis 2014; 98:898-908. [PMID: 30708842 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-13-0610-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Tunisia, late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is a serious threat to potato and tomato. The Mediterranean weather conditions can be conducive to infection in all seasons and the host crops, tomato and potato, are grown year round. Potato is planted and harvested in two to four overlapping intervals from August to June and tomato is grown both in open fields and in greenhouses. The consequences of these agricultural practices and the massive import of seed potato on the genetic variation of P. infestans are largely unknown. We conducted a survey in which 165 P. infestans isolates, collected from five subregions in Tunisia between 2006 and 2008, on which we studied genotypic diversity through nuclear (simple-sequence repeat [SSR]) markers and combined this with a previous study on their mitochondrial haplotypes (mtDNA). The phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of a major clonal lineage (NA-01, A1 mating type, mitochondrial haplotype Ia). Isolates belonging to this clonal lineage were found in all regions and showed a relatively simple virulence pattern on a potato differential set carrying different Solanum demissum resistance genes. Apart from isolates belonging to this NA-01 clonal lineage, a group of isolates was found that showed a high genetic diversity, comprising both mating types and a more complex race structure that was found in the regions where late blight on potato was more difficult to control. The population on potato and tomato seems to be under different selection pressures. Isolates collected from tomato showed a low genetic diversity even though potato isolates collected simultaneously from the same location showed a high genetic diversity. Based on the SSR profile comparison, we could demonstrate that the four major clonal lineages found in the Netherlands and also in other European countries could not be found in Tunisia. Despite the massive import of potato seed from Europe, the P. infestans population in Tunisia was found to be clearly distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalthoum Harbaoui
- Genetic and Plant Breeding, Institute National Agronomic of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia and Regional Field Crops Research Centre Béja, Tunisia
| | - Walid Hamada
- Genetic and Plant Breeding, Institute National Agronomic of Tunisia
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (IVF), CAAS, Beijing
| | | | - Theo van der Lee
- Plant Research International B.V., Wageningen UR Biointeraction and Plant Health, The Netherlands
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