1
|
Jan J, Chang CL, Chang SM. Preparation of Mn/TiO 2 catalysts using recovered manganese from spent alkaline batteries for low-temperature NH 3-SCR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134497. [PMID: 38739957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Black mass (BM) from spent alkaline Zn-MnO2 batteries was used for the first time as a Mn source in the preparation of Mn/TiO2 catalysts for low-temperature NH3-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. To recover Mn species and eliminate alkali and Zn species, BM powder underwent DI-water washing, followed by carbothermal reduction. The resulting slags were further dissolved in HNO3, loaded onto TiO2 particles with ball milling, and then subjected to calcination. Nearly 100% of Zn species were removed from the BM via carbothermal reduction at 950 °C for 4 h with 5.0 wt% activated carbon. The resulting catalyst, derived from the treated BM, achieved similar NOx conversion (97%) as the catalyst prepared using a reagent-grade Mn chemical at 160 °C but a higher NOx-to-N2 conversion rate at 78%. The promoted N2 selectivity was attributed to a high Mn4+/Ti ratio and the presence of impurities from BM, such as Fe3+ ions, which enhanced oxidation ability of the catalyst. Conversely, insufficient removal of Zn or carbon additives in the slags led to a decreased Mn concentration, an increased proportion of Mn2+/Mn3+ species, increased surface OH groups, and reduced oxidation ability on the surface, thus reducing NOx conversion and N2 selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenyu Jan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Liang Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No.306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Min Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li D, Ding Q, Hao D, Han J, Yang G, Pang L, Guo Y, Yu J, Li T. Na Cocations and Hydrothermal Aging Cooperatively Boost the Regeneration of Phosphorus-Poisoned Pd/SSZ-13 for Passive NO x Adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19956-19964. [PMID: 37948508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pd/SSZ-13 has been proposed as a passive NOx adsorber (PNA) for low-temperature NOx adsorption. However, it remains challenging for Pd/SSZ-13 to work efficiently when suffering from phosphorus poisoning. Herein, we report a simple and efficient strategy to regenerate the phosphorus-poisoned Pd/SSZ-13 based on the cooperation between hydrothermal aging treatment and Na cocations. It was found that hydrothermal aging treatment enabled the redispersion of Pd and P-containing species in phosphorus-poisoned Pd/SSZ-13. Meanwhile, the presence of Na cocations significantly reduced the formation of AlPO4 and retained more paired Al sites for highly dispersed Pd2+ ions, which was of great importance for the recovery of adsorption performance. To our satisfaction, the restoration ratio of the adsorption capacity of poisoned Pd/SSZ-13 was >90% after regeneration. Strikingly, the NOx adsorption activities of phosphorus-poisoned Pd/SSZ-13 with phosphorus loadings of 0.2 and 0.4 mmol g-1 almost completely recovered upon regeneration. This study demonstrates the promoting effect of Na cocations on the regeneration of phosphorus-poisoned Pd/SSZ-13 by hydrothermal aging treatment, which provides useful guidance for the design of PNA materials with excellent durability for cold-start application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qianzhao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guoju Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lei Pang
- Dongfeng Trucks R&D Center, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang S, Wang Q, Shan Y, Shi X, Liu Z, He H. Effects of Si/Al Ratio on Passive NO x Adsorption Performance over Pd/Beta Zeolites. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083501. [PMID: 37110735 PMCID: PMC10145102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current article, the effect of Si/Al ratio on the NOx adsorption and storage capacity over Pd/Beta with 1 wt% Pd loading was investigated. The XRD, 27Al NMR and 29Si NMR measurements were used to determine the structure of Pd/Beta zeolites. XAFS, XPS, CO-DRIFT, TEM and H2-TPR were used to identify the Pd species. The results showed that the NOx adsorption and storage capacity on Pd/Beta zeolites gradually decreased with the increase of Si/Al ratio. Pd/Beta-Si (Si-rich, Si/Al~260) rarely has NOx adsorption and storage capacity, while Pd/Beta-Al (Al-rich, Si/Al~6) and Pd/Beta-C (Common, Si/Al~25) exhibit excellent NOx adsorption and storage capacity and suitable desorption temperature. Pd/Beta-C has slightly lower desorption temperature compared to Pd/Beta-Al. The NOx adsorption and storage capacity increased for Pd/Beta-Al and Pd/Beta-C by hydrothermal aging treatment, while the NOx adsorption and storage capacity on Pd/Beta-Si had no change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yulong Shan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Chen D, Xu X, Wang X, Kang R, Fu M, Guo Y, Chen P, Li Y, Ye D. Cold-Start NO x Mitigation by Passive Adsorption Using Pd-Exchanged Zeolites: From Material Design to Mechanism Understanding and System Integration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3467-3485. [PMID: 36802541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It remains a major challenge to abate efficiently the harmful nitrogen oxides (NOx) in low-temperature diesel exhausts emitted during the cold-start period of engine operation. Passive NOx adsorbers (PNA), which could temporarily capture NOx at low temperatures (below 200 °C) and release the stored NOx at higher temperatures (normally 250-450 °C) to downstream selective catalytic reduction unit for complete abatement, hold promise to mitigate cold-start NOx emissions. In this review, recent advances in material design, mechanism understanding, and system integration are summarized for PNA based on palladium-exchanged zeolites. First, we discuss the choices of parent zeolite, Pd precursor, and synthetic method for the synthesis of Pd-zeolites with atomic Pd dispersions, and review the effect of hydrothermal aging on the properties and PNA performance of Pd-zeolites. Then, we show how different experimental and theoretical methodologies can be integrated to gain mechanistic insights into the nature of Pd active sites, the NOx storage/release chemistry, as well as the interactions between Pd and typical components/poisons in engine exhausts. This review also gathers several novel designs of PNA integration into modern exhaust after-treatment systems for practical application. At the end, we discuss the major challenges, as well as important implications, for the further development and real application of Pd-zeolite-based PNA in cold-start NOx mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Running Kang
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mingli Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongdan Li
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Daiqi Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu Q, Zhang J, Pan R, Yi H, Tang X. Are zeolitic structure & Al necessary for Pd/zeolite being a superior passive NOx adsorber? J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Recent progress of Pd/zeolite as passive NOx adsorber: Adsorption chemistry, structure-performance relationships, challenges and prospects. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Abstract
The passive NOx adsorber (PNA) material has been considered an effective candidate for the control of NOx from diesel exhaust during the engine cold start stage, and Pd/SSZ-13 attracts peoples’ attention mainly due to its superior hydrothermal stability and sulfur resistance. However, chemical poisoning tolerance of Pd/SSZ-13 is another key parameter to its practical application and future development. Herein, we prepared potassium-loaded Pd/SSZ-13 and evaluated the influence on NOx adsorption ability. The characterization results revealed that the loading of potassium could not destruct the structure of SSZ-13 but impaired the BET surface area and pore structure through the sintering of Pd species to PdO. Meanwhile, the grown PdO phase restrained the NOx adsorption ability and promoted the generation of NO2 at high temperatures. Moreover, the presence of H2O could also impair the NOx adsorption ability due to the competitive adsorption between H2O and NOx. This work verifies that the design of Pd/SSZ-13 sample with stable Pd species and excellent hydrophobicity is significant for its further application under harsh conditions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Khivantsev K, Wei X, Kovarik L, Jaegers NR, Walter ED, Tran P, Wang Y, Szanyi J. Palladium/Ferrierite versus Palladium/SSZ‐13 Passive NOx Adsorbers: Adsorbate‐Controlled Location of Atomically Dispersed Palladium(II) in Ferrierite Determines High Activity and Stability**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Khivantsev
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Environmental Catalysis Research Division BASF Iselin NJ 08830 USA
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Nicholas R. Jaegers
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Eric D. Walter
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Pascaline Tran
- Environmental Catalysis Research Division BASF Iselin NJ 08830 USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - János Szanyi
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Friberg I, Clark AH, Ho PH, Sadokhina N, Smales GJ, Woo J, Auvray X, Ferri D, Nachtegaal M, Kröcher O, Olsson L. Structure and performance of zeolite supported Pd for complete methane oxidation. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
11
|
Pace R, Lardinois TM, Ji Y, Gounder R, Heintz O, Crocker M. Effects of Treatment Conditions on Pd Speciation in CHA and Beta Zeolites for Passive NO x Adsorption. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29471-29482. [PMID: 34778619 PMCID: PMC8581994 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The structure and evolution of Pd species in Pd-exchanged zeolite materials intended for use as passive NO x adsorbers were examined under various pretreatment conditions. Using in situ CO-diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, Pd structures were characterized after 500 °C pretreatments in inert (Ar), water (1-2% H2O in Ar), oxidizing (air), and reducing (H2, CO) atmospheres. Two zeolites of similar Si/Al ratios but different framework topologies (Beta, CHA) were found to show different distributions of Pd species, depending on the reducing agent used. Reduction in H2 (500 °C; 10% H2 in Ar) followed by re-oxidation (500 °C; air) led to higher amounts of single-site Pd ions on Pd-CHA than Pd-Beta, whereas high-temperature reduction in CO (500 °C; 1000 ppm CO in Ar) followed by re-oxidation (500 °C; air) led to significant loss of ionic Pd on both Pd-CHA and Pd-Beta, albeit H2 temperature-programmed reduction and XPS experiments suggest that this phenomena may be limited to surface Pd. High-temperature treatments with water (500 °C; 1-2% H2O in Ar) are shown to form either Pd metal or PdO particles, with Pd-Beta being more susceptible to these effects than Pd-CHA. This work suggests that the effects of CO are especially problematic with respect to the durability of these materials in passive NO x adsorption applications, especially in the case of Beta zeolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert
B. Pace
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, University
of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 0511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 161 Jacobs Science Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Trevor M. Lardinois
- Charles
D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 701 W Stadium Ave. #3000, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yaying Ji
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, University
of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 0511, United States
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles
D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 701 W Stadium Ave. #3000, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Olivier Heintz
- Laboratoire
Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), UMR CNRS 6303, Université
de BourgogneFranche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Mark Crocker
- Center
for Applied Energy Research, University
of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 0511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 161 Jacobs Science Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen D, Lei H, Xiong W, Li Y, Ji X, Yang JY, Peng B, Fu M, Chen P, Ye D. Unravelling Phosphorus-Induced Deactivation of Pd-SSZ-13 for Passive NO x Adsorption and CO Oxidation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarong Lei
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuwan Xiong
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yang
- Optics & Thermal Radiation Research Center, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Baoxiang Peng
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Mingli Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khivantsev K, Wei X, Kovarik L, Jaegers NR, Walter ED, Tran P, Wang Y, Szanyi J. Pd/FER vs Pd/SSZ-13 Passive NOx Adsorbers: Adsorbate-controlled Location of Atomically Dispersed Pd(II) in FER Determines High Activity and Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202107554. [PMID: 34617372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pd-loaded FER and SSZ-13 zeolites as low-temperature passive NOx adsorbers (PNA) are compared under practical conditions. Vehicle cold-start exposes the material to CO under a range of concentrations, necessitating a systematic exploration of the effect of CO on the performance of isolated Pd ions in PNA. NO release temperature of both adsorbers decreases gradually with the increase of CO concentration from a few hundred to a few thousand ppm. This beneficial effect results from local nano-"hot spot" formation during CO oxidation. Dissimilar to Pd/SSZ-13, increasing the CO concentration above ~1,000 ppm improves the NOx storage significantly for Pd/FER, attributed to the presence of Pd ions in FER γ-site that is shielded from NOx. CO mobilizes this Pd atom to the NOx accessible position where it becomes active for PNA. This behavior explains the very high resistance of Pd/FER to hydrothermal aging: Pd/FER materials survive hydrothermal aging at 8000C in 10% H2O vapor for 16 hours with no deterioration in NOx uptake/release behavior. Thus, by allocating Pd ions to the specific microporous pockets in FER, we have produced (hydro)thermally stable and active PNA materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Khivantsev
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Institute for Integrated Catalysis, 3335 Innovation blvd, EMSL BUILDING, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY, 99354, Richland, UNITED STATES
| | - Xinyi Wei
- BASF Corp, Environmental Catalysis, Iselin, UNITED STATES
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Hanford Technical Library: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL, UNITED STATES
| | - Nicholas R Jaegers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Hanford Technical Library: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL, UNITED STATES
| | - Eric D Walter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Hanford Technical Library: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Yong Wang
- Washington State University, Chemical Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Janos Szanyi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, INSTITUTE FOR INTEGRATED CATALYSIS, 3335 Innovation blvd, EMSL BUILDING, PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORY, Richland, 99354, Richland, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Van der Mynsbrugge J, Head-Gordon M, Bell AT. Computational Modeling Predicts the Stability of Both Pd + and Pd 2+ Ion-Exchanged into H-CHA. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2021; 9:2161-2174. [PMID: 33686355 PMCID: PMC7936627 DOI: 10.1039/d0ta11254b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Passive NOx adsorbers (PNA) using Pd/zeolites have emerged as a promising solution for the reduction of cold-start emissions from vehicle exhaust. However, the nature of the active sites and the mechanisms underlying NOx adsorption in Pd/zeolites remain a subject of ongoing investigation. In this study, we employ quantum chemical simulations to investigate the structure of Pd species in cation-exchange sites at isolated Al and Al pairs in the 6-ring and 8-ring of the CHA framework, before the introduction of NOx. Our calculations show that the speciation of Pd in these exchange sites strongly depends on the precise Al arrangement within the framework, as well as the operating conditions. Ionically dispersed Pd is found to be the most favorable species over a wide range of oxidizing and reducing conditions. Small oligomers of PdO and metallic Pd do not appear to be competitive at either isolated Al or Al pairs. Notably, our calculations show that ion exchange sites other than next-next-nearest neighbor Al pairs in the 6-ring will be preferentially occupied by Pd+ instead of Pd2+. The stability of Pd+ in the zeolite environment is an interesting contrast with its rareness in molecular Pd compounds. Nonetheless, a detailed analysis of the electronic structure shows that predicted Pd oxidation states are consistent with chemical intuition for all complexes investigated in this study. We also discuss the potential ambiguity in Pd characterization provided by typical experimental techniques such as XANES, EXAFS and UV-VIS, and highlight the need for additional EPR spectroscopy studies to further elucidate the initial Pd speciation in zeolites for PNA applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van der Mynsbrugge
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gupta A, Kang SB, Harold MP. NOx uptake and release on Pd/SSZ-13: Impact Of Feed composition and temperature. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
16
|
Wang A, Xie K, Kumar A, Kamasamudram K, Olsson L. Layered Pd/SSZ-13 with Cu/SSZ-13 as PNA − SCR dual-layer monolith catalyst for NOx abatement. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Zhao H, Hill AJ, Ma L, Bhat A, Jing G, Schwank JW. Progress and future challenges in passive NO adsorption over Pd/zeolite catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proposed NO adsorption cycles over Pd/zeolite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Alexander J. Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Adarsh Bhat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guohua Jing
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Johannes W. Schwank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deactivation of Pd/Zeolites passive NOx adsorber induced by NO and H2O: Comparative study of Pd/ZSM-5 and Pd/SSZ-13. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
Gu Y, Marino S, Cortés-Reyes M, Pieta IS, Pihl JA, Epling WS. Integration of an Oxidation Catalyst with Pd/Zeolite-Based Passive NOx Adsorbers: Impacts on Degradation Resistance and Desorption Characteristics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Silvia Marino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Marina Cortés-Reyes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Izabela S. Pieta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Josh A. Pihl
- Energy Science and Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, United States
| | - William S. Epling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mandal K, Gu Y, Westendorff KS, Li S, Pihl JA, Grabow LC, Epling WS, Paolucci C. Condition-Dependent Pd Speciation and NO Adsorption in Pd/Zeolites. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keka Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Yuntao Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Karl S. Westendorff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Sichi Li
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Josh A. Pihl
- Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Lars C. Grabow
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - William S. Epling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Christopher Paolucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Palladium-based catalysts are known to provide high CH4 oxidation activity. One drawback for these materials is that they often lose activity in the presence of water vapor due to the formation of surface hydroxyls. It is however possible to improve the water vapor tolerance by using zeolites as support material. In this study, we have investigated Pd supported on thermally stable LTA zeolite with high framework Si/Al ratio (Si/Al = ~44) for CH4 oxidation and the effect of hydrothermal aging at temperatures up to 900 °C. High and stable CH4 oxidation activity in the presence of water vapor was observed for Pd/LTA after hydrothermal aging at temperatures ≤ 700 °C. However, aging at temperatures of 800–900 °C resulted in catalyst deactivation. This deactivation was not a result of structural collapse of the LTA zeolite as the LTA zeolite only showed minor changes in surface area, pore volume, and X-ray diffraction pattern after 900 °C aging. We suggest that the deactivation was caused by extensive formation of ion-exchanged Pd2+ together with Pd sintering. These two types of Pd species appear to have lower CH4 oxidation activity and to be more sensitive to water deactivation compared to the well dispersed Pd particles observed on the LTA support prior to the hydrothermal aging. By contrast, Pd/Al2O3 was generally sensitive to water vapor no matter of the aging temperature. Although the aging caused extensive Pd sintering in Pd/Al2O3, only minor deterioration of the CH4 oxidation activity was seen. The results herein presented show that Pd/LTA is a promising CH4 oxidation catalyst, however Pd rearrangement at high temperatures (≥800 °C) is one remaining challenge.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ilmasani RF, Woo J, Creaser D, Olsson L. Influencing the NOx Stability by Metal Oxide Addition to Pd/BEA for Passive NOx Adsorbers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rojin Feizie Ilmasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Jungwon Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Derek Creaser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Louise Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Competence Center for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Hydrocarbon trapping is a technique of great relevance, since a substantial part of hydrocarbon emissions from engines are released from engines before the catalyst has reached the temperature for efficient conversion of the hydrocarbons. In this work, the influence of doping zeolite beta (BEA) with Fe, Pd, and La on the storage and release of propene and toluene is studied. Five monolith samples were prepared; Fe/BEA, La/BEA, Pd/BEA, Pd/Fe/BEA, and Pd/La/BEA using incipient wetness impregnation, and the corresponding powder samples were used for catalyst characterization by Inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS), Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning transmission electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (STEM-EDX). The hydrocarbon trapping ability of the samples was quantified using Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of propene and toluene, and in situ Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The results from the TPD experiments show that the addition of Pd and La to the zeolite affected the release patterns of the stored hydrocarbons on the trapping material in a positive way. The in situ DRIFTS results indicate that these elements provide H-BEA with additional sites for the storage of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, EDX-mapping showed that the La and Pd are located in close connection.
Collapse
|
24
|
The Influence of Si/Al Ratios on Adsorption and Desorption Characterizations of Pd/Beta Served as Cold-Start Catalysts. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071045. [PMID: 30934944 PMCID: PMC6479726 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of NOx is exhausted during the cold-start period for the low temperature of vehicle emissions, which can be solved by using Pd/zeolite catalysts to trap NOx at low temperature and release NOx at a high temperature that must be higher than the operating temperature of selective catalytic reduction catalysts (SCR). In this work, several Pd/Beta catalysts were prepared to identify the influence of Si/Al ratios on NO and C3H6 adsorption and desorption characterizations. The physicochemical properties were identified using N2 physical adsorption, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), and Na+ titration, while the adsorption and desorption characterizations were investigated by catalyst evaluation. The results indicated that the amount of dispersed Pd ions, the main active sites for NO and C3H6 adsorption, decreased with the increase of Si/Al ratios. Besides this, the intensity of Brønsted and Lewis acid decreased with the increase of Si/Al ratios, which also led to the decrease of NO and C3H6 adsorption amounts. Therefore, Pd dispersion and the acidic properties of Pd/Beta together determined the adsorption ability of NO and C3H6. Moreover, lower Si/Al ratios resulted in the formation of an additional dispersed Pd cationic species, Pd(OH)+, from which adsorbed NO released at a much lower temperature. Finally, an optimum Si/Al ratio of Pd/Beta was found at around 55 due to the balanced performance between the adsorption amounts and desorption temperature.
Collapse
|