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Monzani PS, Adona PR, Long SA, Wheeler MB. Cows as Bioreactors for the Production of Nutritionally and Biomedically Significant Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:299-314. [PMID: 34807448 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy and beef cattle make a vital contribution to global nutrition, and since their domestication, they have been continuously exposed to natural and artificial selection to improve production characteristics. The technologies of transgenesis and gene editing used in cattle are responsible for generating news characteristics in bovine breeding, such as alteration of nutritional components of milk and meat enhancing human health benefits, disease resistance decreasing production costs and offering safe products for human food, as well as the recombinant protein production of biomedical significance. Different methodologies have been used to generate transgenic cattle as bioreactors. These methods include the microinjection of vectors in pronuclear, oocyte or zygote, sperm-mediate transgenesis, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Gene editing has been applied to eliminate unwanted genes related to human and animal health, such as allergy, infection, or disease, and to insert transgenes into specific sites in the host genome. Methodologies for the generation of genetically modified cattle are laborious and not very efficient. However, in the last 30 years, transgenic animals were produced using many biotechnological tools. The result of these modifications includes (1) the change of nutritional components, including proteins, amino acids and lipids for human nutrition; (2) the removal allergic proteins milk; (3) the production of cows resistant to disease; or (4) the production of essential proteins used in biomedicine (biomedical proteins) in milk and blood plasma. The genetic modification of cattle is a powerful tool for biotechnology. It allows for the generation of new or modified products and functionality that are not currently available in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Monzani
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Aquática Continental, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil.
| | - P R Adona
- Saúde e Produção de Ruminantes, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, PR, Brasil
| | - S A Long
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M B Wheeler
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Ohtsuka M, Sato M. i-GONAD: A method for generating genome-edited animals without ex vivo handling of embryos. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:306-315. [PMID: 31198998 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of genome editing technologies has enabled the creation of genome-edited animals, with alterations at the desired target locus. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is widely used for this purpose because it is simpler and more efficient than other genome editing technologies. The conventional methods for creation of genome-edited animals involve ex vivo handling of embryos (zygotes) for microinjection or in vitro electroporation. However, this process is laborious and time-consuming, and relatively large numbers of animals are used. Furthermore, these methods require specialized skills for handling embryos. In 2015, we reported a novel method for the creation of genome-edited animals without ex vivo handling of embryos. The technology known as Genome-editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery (GONAD) involved intraoviductal instillation of genome editing components into a pregnant female and subsequent in vivo electroporation of an entire oviduct. The genome editing components present in the oviductal lumen are transferred to preimplantation embryos in situ for introducing insertion or deletion (indel) mutations at the desired loci. This technology was further improved by optimizing several parameters to develop improved GONAD (i-GONAD) for the efficient generation of mutant or knock-in animals. In this review, we discuss the historical background, potential applications, advantages, and future challenges of GONAD/i-GONAD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ohtsuka
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.,The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Section of Gene Expression Regulation, Frontier Science Research Center, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Wang Z, Yang L, Qu S, Zhang C. CRISPR-mediated gene editing to rescue haploinsufficient obesity syndrome. Protein Cell 2019; 10:705-708. [PMID: 31124015 PMCID: PMC6776488 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Research & Development Department, Sinoneural Cell and Gene Engineering Holdings Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Metabolic Management Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Bosch P, Forcato DO, Alustiza FE, Alessio AP, Fili AE, Olmos Nicotra MF, Liaudat AC, Rodríguez N, Talluri TR, Kues WA. Exogenous enzymes upgrade transgenesis and genetic engineering of farm animals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1907-29. [PMID: 25636347 PMCID: PMC11114025 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic farm animals are attractive alternative mammalian models to rodents for the study of developmental, genetic, reproductive and disease-related biological questions, as well for the production of recombinant proteins, or the assessment of xenotransplants for human patients. Until recently, the ability to generate transgenic farm animals relied on methods of passive transgenesis. In recent years, significant improvements have been made to introduce and apply active techniques of transgenesis and genetic engineering in these species. These new approaches dramatically enhance the ease and speed with which livestock species can be genetically modified, and allow to performing precise genetic modifications. This paper provides a synopsis of enzyme-mediated genetic engineering in livestock species covering the early attempts employing naturally occurring DNA-modifying proteins to recent approaches working with tailored enzymatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bosch
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Diego O. Forcato
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Fabrisio E. Alustiza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Ana P. Alessio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Alejandro E. Fili
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - María F. Olmos Nicotra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Ana C. Liaudat
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Nancy Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba Republic of Argentina
| | - Thirumala R. Talluri
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Biotechnology, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
| | - Wilfried A. Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Biotechnology, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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Nakanishi H, Higuchi Y, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Targeted gene integration using the combination of a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein and phiC31 integrase. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:139-47. [PMID: 25038544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PhiC31 integrase-based vectors can integrate therapeutic genes selectively into attP or pseudo-attP sites in genomes, but considerable numbers of pseudo-attP sites in human genomes exist inside endogenous gene-coding regions. To avoid endogenous gene disruptions, we aimed to enhance the integration site-specificity of the phiC31 integrase-based vector using a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein containing Gal4 and LexA DNA-binding motifs. The dual DNA-binding protein was designed to tether the UAS-containing donor vector to the target sequence, the LexA operator, and restrict integration to sites close to the LexA operator. To analyze the site-specificity in chromosomal integration, a human cell line having LexA operators on the genome was established, and the cell line was transfected with donor vectors expressing the DNA-binding protein and the phiC31 integrase expression vector (helper vector). Quantitative PCR indicated that integration around the LexA operator was 26-fold higher with the UAS-containing donor vector than with the control. Sequence analysis confirmed that the integration occurred around the LexA operator. The dual DNA-binding protein-based targeted integration strategy developed herein would allow safer and more reliable genetic manipulations for various applications, including gene and cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Sumitomo-Ichibancho FS Bldg., 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Institute for Innovative NanoBio Drug Discovery and Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center Building 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, 69 Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Yin Y, Cao G, Xue R, Gong C. Construction of transformed, cultured silkworm cells and transgenic silkworm using the site-specific integrase system from phage φC31. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6449-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Takahashi T, Hanazawa K, Inoue T, Sato K, Sedohara A, Okahara J, Suemizu H, Yagihashi C, Yamamoto M, Eto T, Konno Y, Okano H, Suematsu M, Sasaki E. Birth of healthy offspring following ICSI in in vitro-matured common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) oocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95560. [PMID: 24751978 PMCID: PMC3994092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), an important method used to treat male subfertility, is applied in the transgenic technology of sperm-mediated gene transfer. However, no study has described successful generation of offspring using ICSI in the common marmoset, a small non-human primate used as a model for biomedical translational research. In this study, we investigated blastocyst development and the subsequent live offspring stages of marmoset oocytes matured in vitro and fertilized by ICSI. To investigate the optimal timing of performing ICSI, corrected immature oocytes were matured in vitro and ICSI was performed at various time points (1–2 h, 2–4 h, 4–6 h, 6–8 h, and 8–10 h after extrusion of the first polar body (PB)). Matured oocytes were then divided randomly into two groups: one was used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the other for ICSI. To investigate in vivo development of embryos followed by ICSI, 6-cell- to 8-cell-stage embryos and blastocysts were nonsurgically transferred into recipient marmosets. Although no significant differences were observed in the fertilization rate of blastocysts among ICSI timing after the first PB extrusion, the blastocyst rate at 1–2 h was lowest among groups at 2–4 h, 4–6 h, 6–8 h, and 8–10 h. Comparing ICSI to IVF, the fertilization rates obtained in ICSI were higher than in IVF (p>0.05). No significant difference was noted in the cleaved blastocyst rate between ICSI and IVF. Following the transfer of 37 ICSI blastocysts, 4 of 20 recipients became pregnant, while with the transfer of 21 6-cell- to 8-cell-stage ICSI embryos, 3 of 8 recipients became pregnant. Four healthy offspring were produced and grew normally. These are the first marmoset offspring produced by ICSI, making it an effective fertilization method for marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Takahashi
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kisaburo Hanazawa
- Department of Oncology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenya Sato
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Sedohara
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junko Okahara
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Department of Biomedical Research, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Yagihashi
- Department of Biomedical Research, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Research, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoo Eto
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Konno
- Altair Corporation, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Owens JB, Mathews J, Davy P, Stoytchev I, Moisyadi S, Allsopp R. Effective Targeted Gene Knockdown in Mammalian Cells Using the piggyBac Transposase-based Delivery System. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e137. [PMID: 24326734 PMCID: PMC3894583 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery systems are rapidly becoming a desirable and applicable method to overexpress genes in various types of cells. We have recently developed a piggyBac transposase-based, helper-independent and self-inactivating delivery system (pmGENIE-3) capable of high-efficiency transfection of mammalian cells including human cells. In the following study, we have assessed the potential of this delivery system to drive the expression of short hairpin RNAs to knock down genes in human cells. Two independent pmGENIE-3 vectors were developed to specifically target knockdown of an endogenous gene, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), in telomerase-positive human immortalized cell lines. As compared with a transposase-deficient vector, pmGENIE-3 showed significantly improved short-term transfection efficiency (~4-fold enhancement, 48 hours posttransfection) and long-term integration efficiency (~5-fold enhancement) following antibiotic selection. We detected a significant reduction of both TERT expression and telomerase activity in both HEK293 and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells transfected with two pmGENIE-3 construct targeting distinct regions of TERT. Importantly, this knockdown of expression was sufficient to abrogate telomerase function since telomeres were significantly shortened (3-4 Kb, P < 0.001) in both TERT-targeted cell lines following antibiotic selection of stable integrants. Together, these data show the capacity of the piggyBac nonviral delivery system to stably knockdown gene expression in mammalian cells and indicate the potential to develop novel tumor-targeting therapies.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e137; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.61; published online 3 December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse B Owens
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) — A rapidly-expanding toolbox for targeted genomic modifications. Gene 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Garrels W, Holler S, Cleve N, Niemann H, Ivics Z, Kues WA. Assessment of fecundity and germ line transmission in two transgenic pig lines produced by sleeping beauty transposition. Genes (Basel) 2012; 3:615-33. [PMID: 24705079 PMCID: PMC3899982 DOI: 10.3390/genes3040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we described a simplified injection method for producing transgenic pigs using a non-autonomous Sleeping Beauty transposon system. The founder animals showed ubiquitous expression of the Venus fluorophore in almost all cell types. To assess, whether expression of the reporter fluorophore affects animal welfare or fecundity, we analyzed reproductive parameters of two founder boars, germ line transmission, and organ and cell specific transgene expression in animals of the F1 and F2 generation. Molecular analysis of ejaculated sperm cells suggested three monomeric integrations of the Venus transposon in both founders. To test germ line transmission of the three monomeric transposon integrations, wild-type sows were artificially inseminated. The offspring were nursed to sexual maturity and hemizygous lines were established. A clear segregation of the monomeric transposons following the Mendelian rules was observed in the F1 and F2 offspring. Apparently, almost all somatic cells, as well as oocytes and spermatozoa, expressed the Venus fluorophore at cell-type specific levels. No detrimental effects of Venus expression on animal health or fecundity were found. Importantly, all hemizygous lines expressed the fluorophore in comparable levels, and no case of transgene silencing or variegated expression was found after germ line transmission, suggesting that the insertions occurred at transcriptionally permissive loci. The results show that Sleeping Beauty transposase-catalyzed transposition is a promising approach for stable genetic modification of the pig genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Garrels
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Holler
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Nicole Cleve
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
| | - Zoltan Ivics
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Wilfried A Kues
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Höltystraße 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
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Garrels W, Ivics Z, Kues WA. Precision genetic engineering in large mammals. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:386-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Doyle A, McGarry MP, Lee NA, Lee JJ. The construction of transgenic and gene knockout/knockin mouse models of human disease. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:327-49. [PMID: 21800101 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The genetic and physiological similarities between mice and humans have focused considerable attention on rodents as potential models of human health and disease. Together with the wealth of resources, knowledge, and technologies surrounding the mouse as a model system, these similarities have propelled this species to the forefront of biomedical research. The advent of genomic manipulation has quickly led to the creation and use of genetically engineered mice as powerful tools for cutting edge studies of human disease research including the discovery, refinement, and utility of many currently available therapeutic regimes. In particular, the creation of genetically modified mice as models of human disease has remarkably changed our ability to understand the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways underlying disease states. Moreover, the mouse models resulting from gene transfer technologies have been important components correlating an individual's gene expression profile to the development of disease pathologies. The objective of this review is to provide physician-scientists with an expansive historical and logistical overview of the creation of mouse models of human disease through gene transfer technologies. Our expectation is that this will facilitate on-going disease research studies and may initiate new areas of translational research leading to enhanced patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Doyle
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MCCRB; Cr2-206, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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[Applications of DNA transposons to the study of gene function in mice]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:485-93. [PMID: 21586395 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis has been widely used in mammalian molecular genetics. As a convenient and efficient tool for genetic manipulation, transposon has played an important role in making transgenic animal models, performing gene therapy, and annotating gene function at the cellular level and by animal studies in vivo. This review focuses on the structure, function and latest research progress of DNA transposons applied in mouse genetics.
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García-Vázquez FA, Ruiz S, Matás C, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Grullón LA, De Ondiz A, Vieira L, Avilés-López K, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Gadea J. Production of transgenic piglets using ICSI-sperm-mediated gene transfer in combination with recombinase RecA. Reproduction 2010; 140:259-72. [PMID: 20501790 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is a method for the production of transgenic animals based on the intrinsic ability of sperm cells to bind and internalize exogenous DNA molecules and to transfer them into the oocyte at fertilization. Recombinase-A (RecA) protein-coated exogenous DNA has been used previously in pronuclear injection systems increasing integration into goat and pig genomes. However, there are no data regarding transgene expression after ICSI. Here, we set out to investigate whether the expression of transgenic DNA in porcine embryos is improved by recombinase-mediated DNA transfer and if it is possible to generate transgenic animals using this methodology. Different factors which could affect the performance of this transgenic methodology were analyzed by studying 1) the effect of the presence of exogenous DNA and RecA protein on boar sperm functionality; 2) the effect of recombinase RecA on in vitro enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing embryos produced by ICSI or IVF; and 3) the efficiency of generation of transgenic piglets by RecA-mediated ICSI. Our results suggested that 1) the presence of exogenous DNA and RecA-DNA complexes at 5 microg/ml did not affect sperm functionality in terms of motility, viability, membrane lipid disorder, or reactive oxygen species generation; 2) EGFP-expressing embryos were obtained with a high efficiency using the SMGT-ICSI technique in combination with recombinase; however, the use of IVF system did not result in any fluorescent embryos; and 3) transgenic piglets were produced by this methodology. To our knowledge, this is the first time that transgenic pigs have been produced by ICSI-SGMT and a recombinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A García-Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Sumiyama K, Kawakami K, Yagita K. A simple and highly efficient transgenesis method in mice with the Tol2 transposon system and cytoplasmic microinjection. Genomics 2010; 95:306-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Helper-independent piggyBac plasmids for gene delivery approaches: strategies for avoiding potential genotoxic effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:8117-22. [PMID: 20404201 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003674107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient integration of functional genes is an essential prerequisite for successful gene delivery such as cell transfection, animal transgenesis, and gene therapy. Gene delivery strategies based on viral vectors are currently the most efficient. However, limited cargo capacity, host immune response, and the risk of insertional mutagenesis are limiting factors and of concern. Recently, several groups have used transposon-based approaches to deliver genes to a variety of cells. The piggyBac (pB) transposase in particular has been shown to be well suited for cell transfection and gene therapy approaches because of its flexibility for molecular modification, large cargo capacity, and high transposition activity. However, safety considerations regarding transposase gene insertions into host genomes have rarely been addressed. Here we report our results on engineering helper-independent pB plasmids. The single-plasmid gene delivery system carries both the piggyBac transposase (pBt) expression cassette as well as the transposon cargo flanked by terminal repeat element sequences. Improvements to the helper-independent structure were achieved by developing new plasmids in which the pBt gene is rendered inactive after excision of the transposon from the plasmid. As a consequence, potentially negative effects that may develop by the persistence of an active pBt gene posttransposition are eliminated. The results presented herein demonstrate that our helper-independent plasmids represent an important step in the development of safe and efficient gene delivery methods that should prove valuable in gene therapy and transgenic approaches.
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18
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Houdebine LM. Design of expression cassettes for the generation of transgenic animals (including insulators). Methods Mol Biol 2010; 597:55-69. [PMID: 20013225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-389-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of transgenesis is relatively rare in rats, and this is because of the relative difficulty in adding foreign genes by the conventional methods. Gene knock out and knock in by the conventional techniques of homologous recombination remain difficult in rats. This situation would be less crucial if the gene constructs were more reliable for the expression of foreign genes. The present chapter describes the state of the art in vector design for various genetic modifications in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Marie Houdebine
- Département de Physiologie Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
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19
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20
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Fielder TJ, Barrios L, Montoliu L. A survey to establish performance standards for the production of transgenic mice. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:675-81. [PMID: 19842055 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The generation of transgenic mice by microinjection of DNA into the pronuclei of fertilized oocytes was described in the early 1980s. A number of parameters affecting the efficiency of the technique were soon identified, including the type of DNA construct, the concentration of DNA being injected, and, most importantly, the strain of mice used for oocyte donors. Since then, hundreds of laboratories and transgenic core facilities across the world have successfully used this technique, essentially as originally described, to create thousands of new transgenic mouse lines. However, the overall procedure continues to be relatively inefficient, in terms of the number of fertilized oocytes required to produce a transgenic mouse, and variations in yields from day to day and construct to construct can be large. Consequently, core facilities often struggle to explain to their customers why a sufficient number of transgenic founders were not produced from a given construct. We believe the field (and individual facilities) would benefit from a rigorous assessment of average yields and expected variations in yields. To this end, we have initiated a survey from the International Society for Transgenic Technologies (ISTT) web site ( www.transtechsociety.org ), to obtain raw microinjection data from as many facilities as possible. We intend to use this data to establish performance standards for the field. Existing facilities will be able to refer to these standards in dealing with dissatisfied clients, and new facilities will be able to aim for an achievable goal. We may even be able to discover an optimum combination of factors that will allow every facility to achieve higher yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Fielder
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-1310, USA
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21
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Li C, Mizutani E, Ono T, Wakayama T. An efficient method for generating transgenic mice using NaOH-treated spermatozoa. Biol Reprod 2009; 82:331-40. [PMID: 19812303 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.078501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic (Tg) animals are widely used in researching the characteristics of exogenous genes. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-mediated transgenesis (ICSI-Tr) has been a useful method for generating Tg animals, especially in the mouse. However, the original methods using freeze-thawed spermatozoa showed severe chromosomal damage and low offspring rates after embryo transfer. Herein, we describe an improved method to generate Tg mice efficiently using a simple pretreatment of spermatozoa with 10 mM NaOH. These spermatozoa lost their plasma membrane and tail, while still maintaining nuclear integrity. Sperm heads were mixed with 0.5-5 ng/microl of the transgene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) for 3 min to 1 h at room temperature and were then microinjected into oocytes by ICSI. The best results were obtained when treated spermatozoa were incubated with 2 ng/microl of EGFP for 10 min; 55.6% of injected embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, and more than half (56.9%) of them displayed EGFP fluorescence. Under these conditions, 12 pups of 34 offspring were positive for the transgene after transfer at the 2-cell stage into pseudopregnant recipient mice (a high rate [10.2%] from manipulated embryos). This method was found to be suitable for hybrid and inbred strains of mouse such as C57BL/6 and 129X1/Sv. Thus, a simple sperm pretreatment with NaOH before ICSI-Tr resulted in an efficient insertion of an exogenous gene into the host genome. This method allows for easy production of Tg mice, requiring fewer oocytes for micromanipulation than classical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Laboratory for Genomic Reprogramming, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.
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22
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García-Vázquez F, García-Roselló E, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Gadea J. Effect of sperm treatment on efficiency of EGFP-expressing porcine embryos produced by ICSI-SMGT. Theriogenology 2009; 72:506-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Li C, Mizutani E, Ono T, Wakayama T. Production of normal mice from spermatozoa denatured with high alkali treatment before ICSI. Reproduction 2009; 137:779-92. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, ICSI is now a very important tool for both assisted reproductive technology and studying the mechanisms of fertilization. In the latter experiments, it is important to use spermatozoa that have lost their oocyte activation capacity but still retain their developmental potential. In this study, we used high-concentration NaOH to remove oocyte activation potential from spermatozoa, and examined whether normal offspring could be generated from these spermatozoa after ICSI. The spermatozoa were treated with different concentrations of NaOH (1–100 mM) for 1 h and then neutralized with equal amounts of same concentration of HCl. In 10 mM NaOH-treated spermatozoa, the cell membrane was broken and most of them failed to activate oocytes after their injection into the oocytes. However, these spermatozoa did not show strong damage, and after artificial activation with SrCl2, all of the zygotes were judged as normal by immunostaining to check the methylation status of histone H3 lysine 9, low chromosome damage by karyotype assay and staining with DNA double-strand breaks marker, γH2AX. Moreover, after transferring those embryos into recipient females, 106 (36.7%) live and healthy offspring were delivered, which is similar to the rate in the fresh control group. By contrast, spermatozoa treated with lower NaOH concentrations retained their oocyte activation capacity and those treated with higher concentrations lost their developmental potential. This suggests that 10 mM NaOH for 1 h is the best treatment to completely destroy the cell membrane and activation capacity of spermatozoa without injuring their developmental potential.
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LoTurco J, Manent JB, Sidiqi F. New and improved tools for in utero electroporation studies of developing cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 2009; 19 Suppl 1:i120-5. [PMID: 19395528 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero electroporation (IUE) has become a method of choice for rapid gain and loss of function studies in embryonic cerebral cortex. In this review we highlight some of the proven and recent advances in IUE technology that make it applicable to an increasingly wide array of experiments requiring spatial and temporal control of gene expression. Recently, cell-type-specific promoters and tamoxifen-gated cre-recombinase have been shown to work effectively with IUE. Experiments can now be designed and carried out to test whether and which cell-type-specific mechanisms operate within defined periods of neuronal migration and maturation. We have recently adapted this conditional expression approach to implement conditional rescue experiments. In conditional rescue, expression of an RNA interference (RNAi) target is restored by tamoxifen-induced cre-mediated recombination. An initial disruption in migration, and resultant malformation, caused by DCX RNAi was reversed by delayed re-expression of Dcx. In the future, combinations of spatially directed, cell-type-specific, and tamoxifen-gated transgene expression can be used to address the complex mechanisms likely to operate during development of cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph LoTurco
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA.
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25
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Moisyadi S, Kaminski JM, Yanagimachi R. Use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to generate transgenic animals. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 32:47-60. [PMID: 18691759 PMCID: PMC3428221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been widely used for the production of offspring in human infertility clinics and in reproductive research laboratories using mice, many researchers engaged in animal transgenesis still consider it somewhat cumbersome. The greatest advantage of ICSI-mediated transgenesis is that it allows introduction of very large DNA transgenes (e.g., yeast artificial chromosomes), with relatively high efficiency into the genomes of hosts, as compared to pronuclear injection. Recently, we have developed an active form of intracytoplasmic sperm injection-mediated transgenesis (ICSI-Tr) with fresh sperm utilizing transposons. The transgenic efficiencies rival all transgenic techniques except that of lentiviral methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Moisyadi
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Joseph M. Kaminski
- Medical College of Georgia Cancer Center, Molecular Chaperone/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Augusta, GA, 30912
| | - Ryuzo Yanagimachi
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
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26
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Houdebine LM. Methods to Generate Transgenic Animals. ETHICS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-85843-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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Whitelaw CBA, Lillico SG, King T. Production of Transgenic Farm Animals by Viral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 2:355-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Sharma N, Moldt B, Dalsgaard T, Jensen TG, Mikkelsen JG. Regulated gene insertion by steroid-induced PhiC31 integrase. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:e67. [PMID: 18499713 PMCID: PMC2441784 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral integration systems are widely used genetic tools in transgenesis and play increasingly important roles in strategies for therapeutic gene transfer. Methods to efficiently regulate the activity of transposases and site-specific recombinases have important implications for their spatiotemporal regulation in live transgenic animals as well as for studies of their applicability as safe vectors for genetic therapy. In this report, strategies for posttranslational induction of a variety of gene-inserting proteins are investigated. An engineered hormone-binding domain, derived from the human progesterone receptor, hPR891, and specifically recognized by the synthetic steroid mifepristone, is fused to the Sleeping Beauty, Frog Prince, piggyBac and Tol2 transposases as well as to the Flp and ΦC31 recombinases. By analyzing mifepristone-directed inducibility of gene insertion in cultured human cells, efficient posttranslational regulation of the Flp recombinase and the ΦC31 integrase is documented. In addition, fusion of the ΦC31 integrase with the ERT2 modified estrogen receptor hormone-binding domain results in a protein, which is inducible by a factor of 22-fold and retains 75% of the activity of the wild-type protein. These inducible ΦC31 integrase systems are important new tools in transgenesis and in safety studies of the ΦC31 integrase for gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynne Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Abstract
Creating transgenic mammals is currently a very inefficient process. In addition to problems with transgene integration and unpredictable expression patterns of the inserted gene, embryo loss occurs at various developmental stages. In the present study, we demonstrate that this loss is due to chromosomal damage. We examined the integrity of chromosomes in embryos produced by microinjection of pronuclei, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-mediated transgenesis, and correlated these findings with the abilities of embryos to develop in vitro and yield transgenic morulas/blastocysts. Chromosomal analysis was performed after microinjection of the pronuclei in zygotes, as well as in parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos. In all the pronuclei injection groups, significant oocyte arrest and increased incidence of chromosome breaks were observed after both transgenic DNA injection and sham injection. This indicates that the DNA damage is a transgene-independent effect. In ICSI-mediated transgenesis, there was no significant oocyte arrest. The observed chromosomal damage was lower than that after pronuclei microinjection in zygotes and was dependent upon the presence of exogenous DNA. The occurrence of DNA breaks, as measured by comet assay performed on the sperm prior to ICSI, showed that DNA damage was present in the sperm before fertilization. Embryonic development in vitro and transgene expression at the morula/blastocyst stage were higher in ICSI-mediated transgenesis than after microinjection of pronuclei into zygotes. Sperm-mediated gene transfer via IVF did not affect chromosome integrity, allowed good embryo development, but did not yield any transgenic embryos. The present study demonstrates that DNA damage occurs after both the microinjection of pronuclei and ICSI-mediated transgenesis, albeit through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii Medical School, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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