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Bélanger JG, Copley TR, Hoyos-Villegas V, Charron JB, O'Donoughue L. A comprehensive review of in planta stable transformation strategies. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:79. [PMID: 38822403 PMCID: PMC11140912 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant transformation remains a major bottleneck to the improvement of plant science, both on fundamental and practical levels. The recalcitrant nature of most commercial and minor crops to genetic transformation slows scientific progress for a large range of crops that are essential for food security on a global scale. Over the years, novel stable transformation strategies loosely grouped under the term "in planta" have been proposed and validated in a large number of model (e.g. Arabidopsis and rice), major (e.g. wheat and soybean) and minor (e.g. chickpea and lablab bean) species. The in planta approach is revolutionary as it is considered genotype-independent, technically simple (i.e. devoid of or with minimal tissue culture steps), affordable, and easy to implement in a broad range of experimental settings. In this article, we reviewed and categorized over 300 research articles, patents, theses, and videos demonstrating the applicability of different in planta transformation strategies in 105 different genera across 139 plant species. To support this review process, we propose a classification system for the in planta techniques based on five categories and a new nomenclature for more than 30 different in planta techniques. In complement to this, we clarified some grey areas regarding the in planta conceptual framework and provided insights regarding the past, current, and future scientific impacts of these techniques. To support the diffusion of this concept across the community, this review article will serve as an introductory point for an online compendium about in planta transformation strategies that will be available to all scientists. By expanding our knowledge about in planta transformation, we can find innovative approaches to unlock the full potential of plants, support the growth of scientific knowledge, and stimulate an equitable development of plant research in all countries and institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gélinas Bélanger
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM) Inc., 740 Chemin Trudeau, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, J3G 0E2, Canada.
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Montréal, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Tanya Rose Copley
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM) Inc., 740 Chemin Trudeau, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, J3G 0E2, Canada
| | - Valerio Hoyos-Villegas
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Montréal, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jean-Benoit Charron
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Montréal, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Louise O'Donoughue
- Centre de recherche sur les grains (CÉROM) Inc., 740 Chemin Trudeau, St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Québec, J3G 0E2, Canada.
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Sirohi U, Kumar M, Sharma VR, Teotia S, Singh D, Chaudhary V, Yadav MK. CRISPR/Cas9 System: A Potential Tool for Genetic Improvement in Floricultural Crops. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1303-1318. [PMID: 35751797 PMCID: PMC9244459 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Demand of flowers is increasing with time worldwide. Floriculture has become one of the most important commercial trades in agriculture. Although traditional breeding methods like hybridization and mutation breeding have contributed significantly to the development of important flower varieties, flower production and quality of flowers can be significantly improved by employing modern breeding approaches. Novel traits of significance have interest to consumers and producers, such as fragrance, new floral color, change in floral architecture and morphology, vase life, aroma, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, have been introduced by genetic manipulation. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has recently emerged as a powerful genome-editing tool for accurately changing DNA sequences at specific locations. It provides excellent means of genetically improving floricultural crops. CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized in gene editing in horticultural cops. There are few reports on the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in flowers. The current review summarizes the research work done by employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system in floricultural crops including improvement in flowering traits such as color modification, prolonging the shelf life of flowers, flower initiation, and development, changes in color of ornamental foliage by genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing could be useful in developing novel cultivars with higher fragrance and enhanced essential oil and many other useful traits. The present review also highlights the basic mechanism and key components involved in the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Sirohi
- Present Address: National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Vinukonda Rakesh Sharma
- Plant Genetic Resources and Improvement, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306 India
| | - Deepali Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308 India
| | - Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250003 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
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Thakur AK, Parmar N, Singh KH, Nanjundan J. Current achievements and future prospects of genetic engineering in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.). PLANTA 2020; 252:56. [PMID: 32951089 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology in Indian mustard has expedited crop improvement programs. Further, there is a need to optimize gene editing protocols and find out the suitable target genes to harvest the benefits of gene editing technology in this important edible oilseed crop. Brassica juncea is an economically and industrially important oilseed crop being grown mainly in India and in some parts of Canada, Russia, China and Australia. Besides being consumed as edible oil, it also has numerous applications in food and paint industry. However, its overall production and productivity are being hampered by a number of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Further, its oil and seedmeal quality needs to be improved for increasing food as well as feed value. However, the lack of resistant crossable germplasm or varieties necessitated the use of genetic engineering interventions in Indian mustard crop improvement. A number of genes conferring resistance to biotic stresses including lectins for aphids' control, chitinase, glucanase and osmotin for disease control and for abiotic stresses, CODA, LEA and ion antiporter genes have been transferred to Indian mustard. Both antisense and RNAi technologies have been employed for improving oil and seedmeal quality. Efforts have been made to improve the phytoremediation potential of this crop through genetic engineering approach. The deployment of barnase/barstar gene system for developing male sterile and restorer lines has really expedited hybrid development programs in Indian mustard. Further, there is a need to optimize gene editing protocols and to find out suitable target genes for gene editing in this crop. In this review paper, authors have attempted to review various genetic transformation efforts carried out in Indian mustard for its improvement to combat biotic and abiotic stress challenges, quality improvement and hybrid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Thakur
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321303, India.
| | - Nehanjali Parmar
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321303, India
| | - K H Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, 321303, India
| | - J Nanjundan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute-Regional Station, Wellington, Tamilnadu, 643 231, India
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Wang J, Singh SK, Geng S, Zhang S, Yuan L. Genome-wide analysis of glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase gene family and functional characterization of two cutin group GPATs in Brassica napus. PLANTA 2020; 251:93. [PMID: 32246349 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide identification, spatio-temporal expression analysis and functional characterization of selected Brassica napus GPATs highlight their roles in cuticular wax biosynthesis and defense against fungal pathogens. Glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase (GPAT) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycerolipids, a major component of cellular membranes and extracellular protective layers, such as cuticles in plants. Brassica napus is an economically important crop and cultivated worldwide mostly for its edible oil. The B. napus GPATs (BnGPATs) are insufficiently characterized. Here, we performed genome-wide analysis to identify putative GPATs in B. napus and its diploid progenitors B. rapa and B oleracea. The 32 B. napus BnGPATs are phylogenetically divided into three major groups, cutin, suberin, and diverse ancient groups. Analysis of transcriptomes of different tissues and seeds at different developmental stages revealed the spatial and temporal expression profiles of BnGPATs. The yield and oil quality of B. napus are adversely affected by the necrotrophic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We showed that several BnGPATs, including cutin-related BnGPAT19 and 21, were upregulated in the S. sclerotiorum resistant line. RNAi-mediated suppression of BnGPAT19 and 21 in B. napus resulted in thinner cuticle, leading to rapid water and chlorophyll loss in toluidine blue staining and leaf bleaching assays. In addition, the RNAi plants also developed severe necrotic lesions following fungal inoculation compared to the wild-type plants, indicating that BnGPAT19 and 21 are likely involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis that is critical for initial pathogen defense. Taken together, we provided a comprehensive account of GPATs B. napus and characterized BnGPAT19 and 21 for their potential roles in cuticular wax biosynthesis and defense against fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Siyu Geng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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Nagle M, Déjardin A, Pilate G, Strauss SH. Opportunities for Innovation in Genetic Transformation of Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1443. [PMID: 30333845 PMCID: PMC6176273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of DNA into plant genomes followed by regeneration of non-chimeric stable plants (transformation) remains a major challenge for most plant species. Forest trees are particularly difficult as a result of their biochemistry, aging, desire for clonal fidelity, delayed reproduction, and high diversity. We review two complementary approaches to transformation that appear to hold promise for forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nagle
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | | | - Steven H. Strauss
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Yang L, Cui G, Wang Y, Hao Y, Du J, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang H, Wu SB, Sun Y. Expression of Foreign Genes Demonstrates the Effectiveness of Pollen-Mediated Transformation in Zea mays. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:383. [PMID: 28377783 PMCID: PMC5359326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant genetic transformation has arguably been the core of plant improvement in recent decades. Efforts have been made to develop in planta transformation systems due to the limitations present in the tissue-culture-based methods. Herein, we report an improved in planta transformation system, and provide the evidence of reporter gene expression in pollen tube, embryos and stable transgenicity of the plants following pollen-mediated plant transformation with optimized sonication treatment of pollen. The results showed that the aeration at 4°C treatment of pollen grains in sucrose prior to sonication significantly improved the pollen viability leading to improved kernel set and transformation efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that the removal of operculum covering pollen pore by ultrasonication might be one of the reasons for the pollen grains to become competent for transformation. Evidences have shown that the eGfp gene was expressed in the pollen tube and embryos, and the Cry1Ac gene was detected in the subsequent T1 and T2 progenies, suggesting the successful transfer of the foreign genes to the recipient plants. The Southern blot analysis of Cry1Ac gene in T2 progenies and PCR-identified Apr gene segregation in T2 seedlings confirmed the stable inheritance of the transgene. The outcome illustrated that the pollen-mediated genetic transformation system can be widely applied in the plant improvement programs with apparent advantages over tissue-culture-based transformation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal UniversityLinfen, China
| | - Guimei Cui
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Yaoshan Hao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Changbiao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, ArmidaleNSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yi Sun, Shu-Biao Wu,
| | - Yi Sun
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of AgricultureTaiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Sun, Shu-Biao Wu,
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Eudes F, Shim YS, Jiang F. Engineering the haploid genome of microspores. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eapen S. Pollen grains as a target for introduction of foreign genes into plants: an assessment. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:1-8. [PMID: 23572990 PMCID: PMC3550569 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-010-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of foreign genes and development of transgenic plants have become an integral part of crop improvement programmes in the last decade. However, most of the present day plant transformation protocols require long periods for development of transgenic plants and need skilled personnel. Development of alternate, simple and rapid transformation protocols for development of transgenic plants can overcome the constraints of in vitro culture, regeneration and associated problems. Pollen grains, due to their abundance and ease with which they can be handled are ideal targets for introduction of foreign genes into the germ line. However, progress in introduction of transgenes into pollen grains and their subsequent use in fertilization leading to development of transgenic plants are limited. With the recent progress made in understanding of pollen development along with reports of successful pollen-mediated transformation in important crop plants, it should be possible to extend this simple method of transformation to other crop plants. The review deals with development of pollen grains as a target for introduction of genes with special emphasis on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Eapen
- Plant Biotechnology and Secondary products Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
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