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Lebedeva M, Nikonova E, Babakov A, Kolesnikova V, Razhina O, Zlobin N, Taranov V, Nikonov O. Interaction of Solanum tuberosum L. translation initiation factors eIF4E with potato virus Y VPg: Apprehend and avoid. Biochimie 2024; 219:1-11. [PMID: 37562705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most dangerous agricultural pathogens that causes substantial harm to vegetative propagated crops, such as potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). A necessary condition for PVY infection is an interaction between the plant cap-binding translation initiation factors eIF4E and a viral protein VPg, which mimics the cap-structure. In this study, we identified the point mutations in potato eIF4E1 and eIF4E2 that disrupt VPg binding while preserving the functional activity. For the structural interpretation of the obtained results, molecular models of all the studied forms of eIF4E1 and eIF4E2 were constructed and analyzed via molecular dynamics. The results of molecular dynamics simulations corresponds to the biochemical results and suggests that the β1β2 loop plays a key role in the stabilization of both eIF4E-cap and eIF4E-VPg complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lebedeva
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Nikonova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey Babakov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Kolesnikova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Oksana Razhina
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Zlobin
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Taranov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Nikonov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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2
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Zhou L, Tian Y, Ren L, Yan Z, Jiang J, Shi Q, Geng C, Li X. A natural substitution of a conserved amino acid in eIF4E confers resistance against multiple potyviruses. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13418. [PMID: 38279849 PMCID: PMC10777747 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which plays a pivotal role in initiating translation in eukaryotic organisms, is often hijacked by the viral genome-linked protein to facilitate the infection of potyviruses. In this study, we found that the naturally occurring amino acid substitution D71G in eIF4E is widely present in potyvirus-resistant watermelon accessions and disrupts the interaction between watermelon eIF4E and viral genome-linked protein of papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain, zucchini yellow mosaic virus or watermelon mosaic virus. Multiple sequence alignment and protein modelling showed that the amino acid residue D71 located in the cap-binding pocket of eIF4E is strictly conserved in many plant species. The mutation D71G in watermelon eIF4E conferred resistance against papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain and zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and the equivalent mutation D55G in tobacco eIF4E conferred resistance to potato virus Y. Therefore, our finding provides a potential precise target for breeding plants resistant to multiple potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Xi Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Li‐Li Ren
- Science and Technology Research Center of China CustomsBeijingChina
| | - Zhi‐Yong Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Jun Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Qing‐Hua Shi
- College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Chao Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Xiang‐Dong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
- Institute of Plant ProtectionShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi'nanChina
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Jaramillo-Mesa H, Rakotondrafara AM. All eggs in one basket: How potyvirus infection is controlled at a single cap-independent translation event. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 148-149:51-61. [PMID: 36608998 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of protein synthesis is a strong determinant of potyviral pathogenicity. The Potyviridae family is the largest family of plant-infecting positive sense RNA viruses. Similar to the animal-infecting Picornaviridae family, the potyviral RNA genome lacks a 5' cap, and instead has a viral protein (VPg) linked to its 5' end. Potyviral genomes are mainly translated into one large polyprotein relying on a single translation event to express all their protein repertoire. In the absence of the 5' cap, the Potyviridae family depends on cis-acting elements in their 5' untranslated regions (UTR) to recruit the translation machinery. In this review, we summarize the diverse 5'UTR-driven, cap-independent translation mechanisms employed by the Potyviridae family including scanning-dependent mechanism, internal initiation, and the stimulatory role of the VPg. These mechanisms have direct implications on potyviral pathogenicity, including host range specificity and resistance. Finally, we discuss how these viral strategies could not only inform new avenues for engineering and/or breeding for crop resistance but would also provide opportunities for the development of biotechnological tools for large-scale protein production in plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Jaramillo-Mesa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Aurélie M Rakotondrafara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of eIF Family Genes from Brassica rapa in Response to TuMV Resistance. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172248. [PMID: 36079630 PMCID: PMC9460045 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brassica rapa is one of the most important leafy vegetables worldwide, and has a long history of cultivation. However, it has not been possible to completely control the damage of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a serious virus in B. rapa, to production. In this study, the genome-wide identification and expression detection of eIF family genes from B. rapa in response to TuMV resistance were analyzed, including the identification of eIF family genes, chromosomal distribution, three-dimensional (3D) structure and sequence logo analyses, and the expression characterization as well as differential metabolite analysis of eIF family genes in resistant/susceptible lines, which may further prove the whole-genome tripling (WGT) event in B. rapa evolution and provide evidence for the functional redundancy and functional loss of multicopy eIF genes in evolution. A qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the relative expressions of eIF genes in a susceptible line (80461) were higher than those in a resistant line (80124), which may prove that, when TuMV infects host plants, the eIF genes can combine with the virus mRNA 5′ end cap structure and promote the initiation of virus mRNA translation in the susceptible B. rapa line. In addition, the metabolite substances were detected, the differences in metabolites between disease-resistant and disease-susceptible plants were mainly manifested by altered compounds such as flavonoids, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ketones, esters, etc., which inferred that the different metabolite regulations of eIF family genes and reveal the resistance mechanisms of eIF genes against TuMV in brassica crops. This study may lay a new theoretical foundation for revealing eIF family gene resistance to TuMV in B. rapa, as well as advancing our understanding of virus–host interactions.
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Noureen A, Khan MZ, Amin I, Zainab T, Mansoor S. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of Susceptibility Factor eIF4E-Enhanced Resistance Against Potato Virus Y. Front Genet 2022; 13:922019. [PMID: 35910230 PMCID: PMC9326172 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.922019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important staple food around the world, and potato virus Y (PVY) is a major constraint for potato production. The VPg protein of PVY interacts with the translation initiation factor eIF4E of the host that works as a susceptibility factor during infection. The interaction between eIF4E and VPg was disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9. The homozygous conserved region of eIF4E of the potato variety “Kruda” was mutated by CRISPR/Cas9. Tracking of insertion, deletion, and conversion events was performed by Sanger sequencing with ∼15% editing efficiency. Truncated and mutated eIF4E proteins were unable to interact with VPg, and the virus was not able to exploit the host machinery for replication and systemic spreading. Mutated eIF4E lines showed enhanced resistance to PVYO strain. DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR were used for validation of the observed resistance. PVY resistance in tetraploid lines via CRISPR/Cas9 provides a route to develop novel resistant potato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azka Noureen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zuhaib Khan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Zainab
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- National Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (NCIB), Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Tayyaba Zainab, ; Shahid Mansoor,
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Tayyaba Zainab, ; Shahid Mansoor,
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Tiwari JK, A J, Tuteja N, Khurana SMP. Genome editing (CRISPR-Cas)-mediated virus resistance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:12109-12119. [PMID: 35764748 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses are the major pathogens that cause heavy yield loss in potato. The important viruses are potato virus X, potato virus Y and potato leaf roll virus around the world. Besides these three viruses, a novel tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus is serious in India. Conventional cum molecular breeding and transgenics approaches have been applied to develop virus resistant potato genotypes. But progress is slow in developing resistant varieties due to lack of host genes and long breeding process, and biosafety concern with transgenics. Hence, CRISPR-Cas mediated genome editing has emerged as a powerful technology to address these issues. CRISPR-Cas technology has been deployed in potato for several important traits. We highlight here CRISPR-Cas approaches of virus resistance through targeting viral genome (DNA or RNA), host factor gene and multiplexing of target genes simultaneously. Further, advancement in CRISPR-Cas research is presented in the area of DNA-free genome editing, virus-induced genome editing, and base editing. CRISPR-Cas delivery, transformation methods, and challenges in tetraploid potato and possible methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagesh Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
| | - Jeevalatha A
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Lucioli A, Tavazza R, Baima S, Fatyol K, Burgyan J, Tavazza M. CRISPR-Cas9 Targeting of the eIF4E1 Gene Extends the Potato Virus Y Resistance Spectrum of the Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desirée. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:873930. [PMID: 35722301 PMCID: PMC9198583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.873930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation factors and, in particular, the eIF4E family are the primary source of recessive resistance to potyviruses in many plant species. However, no eIF4E-mediated resistance to this virus genus has been identified in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) germplasm. As in tomato, the potato eIF4E gene family consists of eIF4E1, its paralog eIF4E2, eIF(iso)4E, and nCBP. In tomato, eIF4E1 knockout (KO) confers resistance to a subset of potyviruses, while the eIF4E1/2 double KO, although conferring a broader spectrum of resistance, leads to plant developmental defects. Here, the tetraploid potato cv. Desirée owning the dominant Ny gene conferring resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) strain O but not NTN was used to evaluate the possibility to expand its PVY resistance spectrum by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated KO of the eIF4E1 susceptibility gene. After a double process of plant protoplast transfection-regeneration, eIF4E1 KO potatoes were obtained. The knockout was specific for the eIF4E1, and no mutations were identified in its eIF4E2 paralog. Expression analysis of the eIF4E family shows that the disruption of the eIF4E1 does not alter the RNA steady-state level of the other family members. The eIF4E1 KO lines challenged with a PVYNTN isolate showed a reduced viral accumulation and amelioration of virus-induced symptoms suggesting that the eIF4E1 gene was required but not essential for its multiplication. Our data show that eIF4E1 editing can be usefully exploited to broaden the PVY resistance spectrum of elite potato cultivars, such as Desirée, by pyramiding eIF4E-mediated recessive resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lucioli
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, Department for Sustainability, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaela Tavazza
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, Department for Sustainability, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Baima
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Karoly Fatyol
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Godollo, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Burgyan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Godollo, Hungary
| | - Mario Tavazza
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agroindustry Division, Department for Sustainability, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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Lebedeva MV, Nikonova EY, Terentiev AA, Taranov VV, Babakov AV, Nikonov OS. VPg of Potato Virus Y and Potato Cap-Binding eIF4E Factors: Selective Interaction and Its Supposed Mechanism. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:1128-1138. [PMID: 34565316 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792109008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most common and harmful plant viruses. Translation of viral RNA starts with the interaction between the plant cap-binding translation initiation factors eIF4E and viral genome-linked protein (VPg) covalently attached to the viral RNA. Disruption of this interaction is one of the natural mechanisms of plant resistance to PVY. The multigene eIF4E family in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genome contains genes for the translation initiation factors eIF4E1, eIF4E2, and eIF(iso)4E. However, which of these factors can be recruited by the PVY, as well as the mechanism of this interaction, remain obscure. Here, we showed that the most common VPg variant from the PVY strain NTN interacts with eIF4E1 and eIF4E2, but not with eIF(iso)4E. Based on the VPg, eIF4E1, and eIF4E2 models and data on the natural polymorphism of VPg amino acid sequence, we suggested that the key role in the recognition of potato cap-binding factors belongs to the R104 residue of VPg. To verify this hypothesis, we created VPg mutants with substitutions at position 104 and examined their ability to interact with potato eIF4E factors. The obtained data were used to build the theoretical model of the VPg-eIF4E2 complex that differs significantly from the earlier models of VPg complexes with eIF4E proteins, but is in a good agreement with the current biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Lebedeva
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina Y Nikonova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey A Terentiev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia.,Scientific and Educational Center in Chernogolovka, Moscow Region State University, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russia.,Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V Taranov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Alexey V Babakov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Oleg S Nikonov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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Li G, Zhang S, Li F, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhao J, Sun R. Variability in the Viral Protein Linked to the Genome of Turnip Mosaic Virus Influences Interactions with eIF(iso)4Es in Brassica rapa. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:47-56. [PMID: 33551696 PMCID: PMC7847760 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2020.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants protect against viruses through passive and active resistance mechanisms, and in most cases characterized thus far, natural recessive resistance to potyviruses has been mapped to mutations in the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E or eIF(iso)4E genes. Five eIF4E copies and three eIF(iso)4E copies were detected in Brassica rapa. The eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E genes could interact with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) viral protein linked to the genome (VPg) to initiate virus translation. From the yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, the TuMV-CHN2/CHN3 VPgs could not interact with BraA.eIF4E.a/c or BraA.eIF(iso)4E.c, but they could interact with BraA.eIF(iso)4E.a in B. rapa. Further analysis indicated that the amino acid substitution L186F (nt T556C) in TuMV-UK1 VPg was important for the interaction networks between the TuMV VPg and eIF(iso)4E proteins. An interaction model of the BraA. eIF(iso)4E protein with TuMV VPg was constructed to infer the effect of the significant amino acids on the interaction of TuMV VPgs-eIF(iso)4Es, particularly whether the L186F in TuMV-UK1 VPg could change the structure of the TuMV-UK1 VPg protein, which may terminate the interaction of the BraA.eIF(iso)4E and TuMV VPg protein. This study provides new insights into the interactions between plant viruses and translation initiation factors to reveal the working of key amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, China
| | - Shifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Department of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Rifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 0008, China
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Hegde N, Joshi S, Soni N, Kushalappa AC. The caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene SNP replacement in Russet Burbank potato variety enhances late blight resistance through cell wall reinforcement. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:237-254. [PMID: 33141312 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathway gene editing in tetraploid potato enhanced resistance to late blight. Multiallelic mutation correction of a caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene increased accumulation of resistance metabolites in Russet Burbank potato. Late blight of potato is a devastating disease worldwide and requires weekly applications of fungicides to manage. Genetic improvement is the best option, but the self-incompatibility and inter-specific incompatibility makes potato breeding very challenging. Immune receptor gene stacking has increased resistance, but its durability is limited. Quantitative resistance is durable, and it mainly involves secondary cell wall thickening due to several metabolites and their conjugates. Deleterious mutations in biosynthetic genes can hinder resistance metabolite biosynthesis. Here a probable resistance role of the StCCoAOMT gene was first confirmed by an in-planta transient overexpression of the functional StCCoAOMT allele in late blight susceptible Russet Burbank (RB) genotype. Following this, a precise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation correction of the StCCoAOMT gene in RB potato was carried out using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homology directed repair (HDR). The StCCoAOMT gene editing increased the transcript abundance of downstream biosynthetic resistance genes. Following pathogen inoculation, several phenylpropanoid pathway genes were highly expressed in the edited RB plants, as compared to the non-edited. The disease severity (fold change = 3.76) and pathogen biomass in inoculated stems of gene-edited RB significantly reduced (FC = 21.14), relative to non-edited control. The metabolic profiling revealed a significant increase in the accumulation of resistance-related metabolites in StCCoAOMT edited RB plants. Most of these metabolites are involved in suberization and lignification. The StCCoAOMT gene, if mutated, can be edited in other potato cultivars to enhance resistance to late blight, provided it is associated with other functional genes in the metabolic pathway network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Hegde
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Sripad Joshi
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Nancy Soni
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Ajjamada C Kushalappa
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.
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Miroshnichenko D, Firsov A, Timerbaev V, Kozlov O, Klementyeva A, Shaloiko L, Dolgov S. Evaluation of Plant-Derived Promoters for Constitutive and Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Potato. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111520. [PMID: 33182387 PMCID: PMC7696379 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Various plant-derived promoters can be used to regulate ectopic gene expression in potato. In the present study, four promoters derived from the potato genome have been characterized by the expression of identical cassettes carrying the fusion with the reporter β-glucuronidase (gusA) gene. The strengths of StUbi, StGBSS, StPat, and StLhca3 promoters were compared with the conventional constitutive CaMV 35S promoter in various organs (leaves, stems, roots, and tubers) of greenhouse-grown plants. The final amount of gene product was determined at the post-transcriptional level using histochemical analysis, fluorometric measurements, and Western blot analysis. The promoter strength comparison demonstrated that the StUbi promoter generally provided a higher level of constitutive β-glucuronidase accumulation than the viral CaMV 35S promoter. Although the StLhca3 promoter was predominantly expressed in a green tissue-specific manner (leaves and stems) while StGBSS and StPat mainly provided tuber-specific activity, a “promoter leakage” was also found. However, the degree of unspecific activity depended on the particular transgenic line and tissue. According to fluorometric data, the functional activity of promoters in leaves could be arranged as follows: StLhca3 > StUbi > CaMV 35S > StPat > StGBSS (from highest to lowest). In tubers, the higher expression was detected in transgenic plants expressing StPat-gusA fusion construct, and the strength order was as follows: StPat > StGBSS > StUbi > CaMV 35S > StLhca3. The observed differences between expression patterns are discussed considering the benefits and limitations for the usage of each promoter to regulate the expression of genes in a particular potato tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Miroshnichenko
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.F.); (V.T.); (O.K.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (S.D.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksey Firsov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.F.); (V.T.); (O.K.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (S.D.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.F.); (V.T.); (O.K.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (S.D.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Kozlov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.F.); (V.T.); (O.K.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Anna Klementyeva
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.F.); (V.T.); (O.K.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (S.D.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov Shaloiko
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.F.); (V.T.); (O.K.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sergey Dolgov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.F.); (V.T.); (O.K.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (S.D.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Hameed A, Mehmood MA, Shahid M, Fatma S, Khan A, Ali S. Prospects for potato genome editing to engineer resistance against viruses and cold-induced sweetening. GM CROPS & FOOD 2020; 11:185-205. [PMID: 31280681 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2019.1631115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Crop improvement through transgenic technologies is commonly tagged with GMO (genetically-modified-organisms) where the presence of transgene becomes a big question for the society and the legislation authorities. However, new plant breeding techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 system [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated 9] can overcome these limitations through transgene-free products. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) being a major food crop has the potential to feed the rising world population. Unfortunately, the cultivated potato suffers considerable production losses due to several pre- and post-harvest stresses such as plant viruses (majorly RNA viruses) and cold-induced sweetening (CIS; the conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose inside cell vacuole). A number of strategies, ranging from crop breeding to genetic engineering, have been employed so far in potato for trait improvement. Recently, new breeding techniques have been utilized to knock-out potato genes/factors like eukaryotic translation initiation factors [elF4E and isoform elF(iso)4E)], that interact with viruses to assist viral infection, and vacuolar invertase, a core enzyme in CIS. In this context, CRISPR technology is predicted to reduce the cost of potato production and is likely to pass through the regulatory process being marker and transgene-free. The current review summarizes the potential application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for traits improvement in potato. Moreover, the prospects for engineering resistance against potato fungal pathogens and current limitations/challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hameed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabih Fatma
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology , Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Akhuwat Faisalabad Institute of Research Science and Technology , Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gutierrez Sanchez PA, Babujee L, Jaramillo Mesa H, Arcibal E, Gannon M, Halterman D, Jahn M, Jiang J, Rakotondrafara AM. Overexpression of a modified eIF4E regulates potato virus Y resistance at the transcriptional level in potato. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:18. [PMID: 31906869 PMCID: PMC6945410 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major pathogen of potatoes with major impact on global agricultural production. Resistance to PVY can be achieved by engineering potatoes to express a recessive, resistant allele of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, a host dependency factor essential to PVY replication. Here we analyzed transcriptome changes in eIF4E over-expressing potatoes to shed light on the mechanism underpinning eIF4E-mediated recessive PVY resistance. RESULTS As anticipated, modified eIF4E-expressing potatoes demonstrated a high level of resistance, eIF4E expression, and an unexpected suppression of the susceptible allele transcript, likely explaining the bulk of the potent antiviral phenotype. In resistant plants, we also detected marked upregulation of genes involved in cell stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a previously unanticipated second layer of signaling attributable to eIF4E regulatory control, and potentially relevant to establishment of a broader, more systematic antiviral host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Gutierrez Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Industrial, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Calle 59 A N 63-20, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lavanya Babujee
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Helena Jaramillo Mesa
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erica Arcibal
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Megan Gannon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Dennis Halterman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Molly Jahn
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Moore Hall, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Aurélie M Rakotondrafara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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14
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Schmitt-Keichinger C. Manipulating Cellular Factors to Combat Viruses: A Case Study From the Plant Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors eIF4. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30804892 PMCID: PMC6370628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes conferring resistance to plant viruses fall in two categories; the dominant genes that mostly code for proteins with a nucleotide binding site and leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR), and that directly or indirectly, recognize viral avirulence factors (Avr), and the recessive genes. The latter provide a so-called recessive resistance. They represent roughly half of the known resistance genes and are alleles of genes that play an important role in the virus life cycle. Conversely, all cellular genes critical for the viral infection virtually represent recessive resistance genes. Based on the well-documented case of recessive resistance mediated by eukaryotic translation initiation factors of the 4E/4G family, this review is intended to summarize the possible approaches to control viruses via their host interactors. Classically, resistant crops have been developed through introgression of natural variants of the susceptibility factor from compatible relatives or by random mutagenesis and screening. Transgenic methods have also been applied to engineer improved crops by overexpressing the translation factor either in its natural form or after directed mutagenesis. More recently, innovative approaches like silencing or genome editing have proven their great potential in model and crop plants. The advantages and limits of these different strategies are discussed. This example illustrates the need to identify and characterize more host factors involved in virus multiplication and to assess their application potential in the control of viral diseases.
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15
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Gal-On A, Fuchs M, Gray S. Generation of novel resistance genes using mutation and targeted gene editing. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 26:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Zhang H, Mittal N, Leamy LJ, Barazani O, Song B. Back into the wild-Apply untapped genetic diversity of wild relatives for crop improvement. Evol Appl 2017; 10:5-24. [PMID: 28035232 PMCID: PMC5192947 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious effects of climate change and human activities, as well as diverse environmental stresses, present critical challenges to food production and the maintenance of natural diversity. These challenges may be met by the development of novel crop varieties with increased biotic or abiotic resistance that enables them to thrive in marginal lands. However, considering the diverse interactions between crops and environmental factors, it is surprising that evolutionary principles have been underexploited in addressing these food and environmental challenges. Compared with domesticated cultivars, crop wild relatives (CWRs) have been challenged in natural environments for thousands of years and maintain a much higher level of genetic diversity. In this review, we highlight the significance of CWRs for crop improvement by providing examples of CWRs that have been used to increase biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance and overall yield in various crop species. We also discuss the surge of advanced biotechnologies, such as next-generation sequencing technologies and omics, with particular emphasis on how they have facilitated gene discovery in CWRs. We end the review by discussing the available resources and conservation of CWRs, including the urgent need for CWR prioritization and collection to ensure continuous crop improvement for food sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyou Zhang
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Neha Mittal
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Larry J. Leamy
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Oz Barazani
- The Institute for Plant SciencesIsrael Plant Gene BankAgricultural Research OrganizationBet DaganIsrael
| | - Bao‐Hua Song
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA
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17
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Pyott DE, Sheehan E, Molnar A. Engineering of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated potyvirus resistance in transgene-free Arabidopsis plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:1276-88. [PMID: 27103354 PMCID: PMC5026172 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Members of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) gene family, including eIF4E and its paralogue eIF(iso)4E, have previously been identified as recessive resistance alleles against various potyviruses in a range of different hosts. However, the identification and introgression of these alleles into important crop species is often limited. In this study, we utilise CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce sequence-specific deleterious point mutations at the eIF(iso)4E locus in Arabidopsis thaliana to successfully engineer complete resistance to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a major pathogen in field-grown vegetable crops. By segregating the induced mutation from the CRISPR/Cas9 transgene, we outline a framework for the production of heritable, homozygous mutations in the transgene-free T2 generation in self-pollinating species. Analysis of dry weights and flowering times for four independent T3 lines revealed no differences from wild-type plants under standard growth conditions, suggesting that homozygous mutations in eIF(iso)4E do not affect plant vigour. Thus, the established CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides a new approach for the generation of Potyvirus resistance alleles in important crops without the use of persistent transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Pyott
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Emma Sheehan
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Attila Molnar
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK.
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18
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Plant Translation Factors and Virus Resistance. Viruses 2015; 7:3392-419. [PMID: 26114476 PMCID: PMC4517107 DOI: 10.3390/v7072778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses recruit cellular translation factors not only to translate their viral RNAs but also to regulate their replication and potentiate their local and systemic movement. Because of the virus dependence on cellular translation factors, it is perhaps not surprising that many natural plant recessive resistance genes have been mapped to mutations of translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF4G or their isoforms, eIFiso4E and eIFiso4G. The partial functional redundancy of these isoforms allows specific mutation or knock-down of one isoform to provide virus resistance without hindering the general health of the plant. New possible targets for antiviral strategies have also been identified following the characterization of other plant translation factors (eIF4A-like helicases, eIF3, eEF1A and eEF1B) that specifically interact with viral RNAs and proteins and regulate various aspects of the infection cycle. Emerging evidence that translation repression operates as an alternative antiviral RNA silencing mechanism is also discussed. Understanding the mechanisms that control the development of natural viral resistance and the emergence of virulent isolates in response to these plant defense responses will provide the basis for the selection of new sources of resistance and for the intelligent design of engineered resistance that is broad-spectrum and durable.
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19
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Chapman S, Stevens LJ, Boevink PC, Engelhardt S, Alexander CJ, Harrower B, Champouret N, McGeachy K, Van Weymers PSM, Chen X, Birch PRJ, Hein I. Detection of the virulent form of AVR3a from Phytophthora infestans following artificial evolution of potato resistance gene R3a. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110158. [PMID: 25340613 PMCID: PMC4207746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering resistance genes to gain effector recognition is emerging as an important step in attaining broad, durable resistance. We engineered potato resistance gene R3a to gain recognition of the virulent AVR3aEM effector form of Phytophthora infestans. Random mutagenesis, gene shuffling and site-directed mutagenesis of R3a were conducted to produce R3a* variants with gain of recognition towards AVR3aEM. Programmed cell death following gain of recognition was enhanced in iterative rounds of artificial evolution and neared levels observed for recognition of AVR3aKI by R3a. We demonstrated that R3a*-mediated recognition responses, like for R3a, are dependent on SGT1 and HSP90. In addition, this gain of response is associated with re-localisation of R3a* variants from the cytoplasm to late endosomes when co-expressed with either AVR3aKI or AVR3aEM a mechanism that was previously only seen for R3a upon co-infiltration with AVR3aKI. Similarly, AVR3aEM specifically re-localised to the same vesicles upon recognition by R3a* variants, but not with R3a. R3a and R3a* provide resistance to P. infestans isolates expressing AVR3aKI but not those homozygous for AVR3aEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Chapman
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Stevens
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Petra C. Boevink
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Alexander
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Harrower
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Champouret
- J.R. Simplot Company, Simplot Plant Sciences, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Kara McGeachy
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline S. M. Van Weymers
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Xinwei Chen
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. J. Birch
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Hein
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- Dundee Effector Consortium, Invergowrie-Dundee, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kim J, Kang WH, Hwang J, Yang HB, Dosun K, Oh CS, Kang BC. Transgenic Brassica rapa plants over-expressing eIF(iso)4E variants show broad-spectrum Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:615-26. [PMID: 24417952 PMCID: PMC6638765 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction between VPg (viral protein genome-linked) of potyviruses and eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E) or eIF(iso)4E of their host plants is a critical step in determining viral virulence. In this study, we evaluated the approach of engineering broad-spectrum resistance in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which is one of the most important potyviruses, by a systematic knowledge-based approach to interrupt the interaction between TuMV VPg and B. rapa eIF(iso)4E. The seven amino acids in the cap-binding pocket of eIF(iso)4E were selected on the basis of other previous results and comparison of protein models of cap-binding pockets, and mutated. Yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that W95L, K150L and W95L/K150E amino acid mutations of B. rapa eIF(iso)4E interrupted its interaction with TuMV VPg. All eIF(iso)4E mutants were able to complement an eIF4E-knockout yeast strain, indicating that the mutated eIF(iso)4E proteins retained their function as a translational initiation factor. To determine whether these mutations could confer resistance, eIF(iso)4E W95L, W95L/K150E and eIF(iso)4E wild-type were over-expressed in a susceptible Chinese cabbage cultivar. Evaluation of the TuMV resistance of T1 and T2 transformants demonstrated that the over-expression of the eIF(iso)4E mutant forms can confer resistance to multiple TuMV strains. These data demonstrate the utility of knowledge-based approaches for the engineering of broad-spectrum resistance in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, South Korea
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21
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Parkash J, Vaidya T, Kirti S, Dutt S. Translation initiation factor 5A in Picrorhiza is up-regulated during leaf senescence and in response to abscisic acid. Gene 2014; 542:1-7. [PMID: 24656625 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Translation initiation, the first step of protein synthesis process is the principal regulatory step controlling translation and involves a pool of translation initiation factors. In plants, from recent studies it is becoming evident that these translation initiation factors impact various aspects of plant growth and development in addition to their role in protein synthesis. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF5A is one such factor which functions in start site selection for the eIF2-GTP-tRNAi ternary complex within the ribosomal-bound preinitiation complex and also stabilizes the binding of GDP to eIF2. In the present study we have cloned and analysed a gene (eIF5a) encoding eIF5A from Picrorhiza (Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.) a medicinal plant of the western Himalayan region. The full length eIF5a cDNA consisted of 838 bp with an open reading frame of 480 bp, 88 bp 5' untranslated region and 270 bp 3' untranslated region. The deduced eIF5A protein contained 159 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17.359 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.59. Secondary structure analysis revealed eIF5A having 24.53% α-helices, 8.81% β-turns, 23.27% extended strands and 43.40% random coils. pk-eIF5a transcript was found to be expressing during the active growth phase as well as during leaf senescence stage, however, highest expression was observed during leaf senescence stage. Further, its expression was up-regulated in response to exogenous application of abscisic acid. Both high intensity as well as low intensity light decreased the expression of pk-eIF5a. The findings suggest eIF5a to be an important candidate to develop genetic engineering based strategies for delaying leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Parkash
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research-IHBT (AcSIR-IHBT), India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Tanmay Vaidya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Shruti Kirti
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Som Dutt
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research-IHBT (AcSIR-IHBT), India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India.
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