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Miyamoto H, Kobayashi H, Kishima N, Yamazaki K, Hamamichi S, Uno N, Abe S, Hiramuki Y, Kazuki K, Tomizuka K, Kazuki Y. Rapid human genomic DNA cloning into mouse artificial chromosome via direct chromosome transfer from human iPSC and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated translocation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1498-1511. [PMID: 38180813 PMCID: PMC10853801 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A 'genomically' humanized animal stably maintains and functionally expresses the genes on human chromosome fragment (hCF; <24 Mb) loaded onto mouse artificial chromosome (MAC); however, cloning of hCF onto the MAC (hCF-MAC) requires a complex process that involves multiple steps of chromosome engineering through various cells via chromosome transfer and Cre-loxP chromosome translocation. Here, we aimed to develop a strategy to rapidly construct the hCF-MAC by employing three alternative techniques: (i) application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as chromosome donors for microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), (ii) combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and reversine (Rev) as micronucleation inducers and (iii) CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for site-specific translocations. We achieved a direct transfer of human chromosome 6 or 21 as a model from hiPSCs as alternative human chromosome donors into CHO cells containing MAC. MMCT was performed with less toxicity through induction of micronucleation by PTX and Rev. Furthermore, chromosome translocation was induced by simultaneous cleavage between human chromosome and MAC by using CRISPR/Cas9, resulting in the generation of hCF-MAC containing CHO clones without Cre-loxP recombination and drug selection. Our strategy facilitates rapid chromosome cloning and also contributes to the functional genomic analyses of human chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomaru Miyamoto
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Nanami Kishima
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kyotaro Yamazaki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shusei Hamamichi
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Narumi Uno
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hiramuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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2
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Uno N, Takata S, Komoto S, Miyamoto H, Nakayama Y, Osaki M, Mayuzumi R, Miyazaki N, Hando C, Abe S, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T, Nakajima Y, Oshimura M, Tomizuka K, Kazuki Y. Panel of human cell lines with human/mouse artificial chromosomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3009. [PMID: 35194085 PMCID: PMC8863800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) and mouse artificial chromosomes (MACs) are non-integrating chromosomal gene delivery vectors for molecular biology research. Recently, microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) of HACs/MACs has been achieved in various human cells that include human immortalised mesenchymal stem cells (hiMSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the conventional strategy of gene introduction with HACs/MACs requires laborious and time-consuming stepwise isolation of clones for gene loading into HACs/MACs in donor cell lines (CHO and A9) and then transferring the HAC/MAC into cells via MMCT. To overcome these limitations and accelerate chromosome vector-based functional assays in human cells, we established various human cell lines (HEK293, HT1080, hiMSCs, and hiPSCs) with HACs/MACs that harbour a gene-loading site via MMCT. Model genes, such as tdTomato, TagBFP2, and ELuc, were introduced into these preprepared HAC/MAC-introduced cell lines via the Cre-loxP system or simultaneous insertion of multiple gene-loading vectors. The model genes on the HACs/MACs were stably expressed and the HACs/MACs were stably maintained in the cell lines. Thus, our strategy using this HAC/MAC-containing cell line panel has dramatically simplified and accelerated gene introduction via HACs/MACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Uno
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Shuta Takata
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinya Komoto
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hitomaru Miyamoto
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Division of Radioisotope Science, Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryota Mayuzumi
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsumi Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hando
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Suzuki
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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Lee NCO, Petrov NS, Larionov V, Kouprina N. Assembly of Multiple Full-Size Genes or Genomic DNA Fragments on Human Artificial Chromosomes Using the Iterative Integration System. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e316. [PMID: 34919348 PMCID: PMC8730363 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are gene delivery vectors that have been used for decades for gene functional studies. HACs have several advantages over viral‐based gene transfer systems, including stable episomal maintenance in a single copy in the cell and the ability to carry up to megabase‐sized genomic DNA segments. We have previously developed the alphoidtetO‐HAC, which has a single gene acceptor loxP site that allows insertion of an individual gene of interest using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) hybrid cells. The HAC, along with a DNA segment of interest, can then be transferred from donor CHO cells to various recipient cells of interest via microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT). Here, we detail a protocol for loading multiple genomic DNA segments or genes into the alphoidtetO‐HAC vector using an iterative integration system (IIS) that utilizes recombinases Cre, ΦC31, and ΦBT. This IIS‐alphoidtetO‐HAC can be used for either serially assembling genomic loci or fragments of a large gene, or for inserting multiple genes into the same artificial chromosome. The insertions are executed iteratively, whereby each round results in the insertion of a new DNA segment of interest. This is accompanied by changes of expression of marker fluorescent proteins, which simplifies screening of correct clones, and changes of selection and counterselection markers, which constitutes an error‐proofing mechanism that removes mis‐incorporated DNA segments. In addition, the IIS‐alphoidtetO‐HAC carrying the genes can be eliminated from the cells, offering the possibility to compare the phenotypes of human cells with and without functional copies of the genes of interest. The resulting HAC molecules may be used to investigate biomedically relevant pathways or the regulation of multiple genes, and to potentially engineer synthetic chromosomes with a specific set of genes of interest. The IIS‐alphoidtetO‐HAC system is expected to be beneficial in creating multiple‐gene humanized models with the purpose of understanding complex multi‐gene genetic disorders. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Integration of the first DNA segment of interest into the IIS‐alphoidteto‐HAC Basic Protocol 2: Integration of a second DNA segment of interest into the IIS‐alphoidteto‐HAC Basic Protocol 3: Integration of a third DNA segment of interest into the IIS‐alphoidteto‐HAC Support Protocol: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for the circular IIS‐alphoidtetO‐HAC
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C O Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nikolai S Petrov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Construction of stable mouse artificial chromosome from native mouse chromosome 10 for generation of transchromosomic mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20050. [PMID: 34625612 PMCID: PMC8501010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes derived from native chromosomes have been applied to biomedical research and development by generating cell sources and transchromosomic (Tc) animals. Human artificial chromosome (HAC) is a precedent chromosomal vector which achieved generation of valuable humanized animal models for fully human antibody production and human pharmacokinetics. While humanized Tc animals created by HAC vector have attained significant contributions, there was a potential issue to be addressed regarding stability in mouse tissues, especially highly proliferating hematopoietic cells. Mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors derived from native mouse chromosome 11 demonstrated improved stability, and they were utilized for humanized Tc mouse production as a standard vector. In mouse, however, stability of MAC vector derived from native mouse chromosome other than mouse chromosome 11 remains to be evaluated. To clarify the potential of mouse centromeres in the additional chromosomes, we constructed a new MAC vector from native mouse chromosome 10 to evaluate the stability in Tc mice. The new MAC vector was transmitted through germline and stably maintained in the mouse tissues without any apparent abnormalities. Through this study, the potential of additional mouse centromere was demonstrated for Tc mouse production, and new MAC is expected to be used for various applications.
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Liskovykh M, Larionov V, Kouprina N. Highly Efficient Microcell-Mediated Transfer of HACs Containing a Genomic Region of Interest into Mammalian Cells. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e236. [PMID: 34491634 PMCID: PMC10758282 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are considered promising tools for gene delivery, functional analyses, and gene therapy. HACs have the potential to overcome many of the problems caused by the use of viral-based gene transfer systems, such as limited cloning capacity, lack of copy number control, and insertional mutagenesis during integration into host chromosomes. The recently developed alphoidtetO -HAC has an advantage over other HAC vectors because it can be easily eliminated from dividing cells by inactivation of its conditional kinetochore. This provides a unique control mechanism to study phenotypes induced by a gene or genes carried on the HAC. The alphoidtetO -HAC has a single gene acceptor loxP site that allows insertion of an individual gene of interest or a cluster of genes of up to several Mb in size in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) hybrid cells. The HACs carrying chromosomal copies of genes can then be transferred from these donor CHO cells to different recipient cells of interest via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT). Here, we describe a detailed protocol for loading a gene of interest into the alphoidtetO -HAC vector and for the subsequent transfer of the HAC to recipient cells using an improved MMCT protocol. The original MMCT protocol includes treatment of donor cells with colcemid to induce micronucleation, wherein the HAC becomes surrounded with a nuclear membrane. That step is followed by disarrangement of the actin cytoskeleton using cytochalasin B to help induce microcell formation. The updated MMCT protocol, described here, features the replacement of colcemid and cytochalasin B with TN16 + griseofulvin and latrunculin B, respectively, and the use of collagen/laminin surface coating to promote attachment of metaphase cells to plates during micronuclei induction. These modifications increase the efficiency of HAC transfer to recipient cells ten fold. The improved MMCT protocol has been successfully tested on several recipient cell lines, including human mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Insertion of a BAC containing a gene of interest into a single loxP loading site of alphoidtetO -HAC in hamster CHO cells Basic Protocol 2: Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer from donor hamster CHO cells to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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6
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Brown DM, Glass JI. Technology used to build and transfer mammalian chromosomes. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111851. [PMID: 31952951 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the near twenty-year existence of the human and mammalian artificial chromosome field, the technologies for artificial chromosome construction and installation into desired cell types or organisms have evolved with the rest of modern molecular and synthetic biology. Medical, industrial, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and basic research scientists seek the as yet unrealized promise of human and mammalian artificial chromosomes. Existing technologies for both top-down and bottom-up approaches to construct these artificial chromosomes for use in higher eukaryotes are very different but aspire to achieve similar results. New capacity for production of chromosome sized synthetic DNA will likely shift the field towards more bottom-up approaches, but not completely. Similarly, new approaches to install human and mammalian artificial chromosomes in target cells will compete with the microcell mediated cell transfer methods that currently dominate the field.
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An efficient protein production system via gene amplification on a human artificial chromosome and the chromosome transfer to CHO cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16954. [PMID: 31740706 PMCID: PMC6861226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene amplification methods play a crucial role in establishment of cells that produce high levels of recombinant protein. However, the stability of such cell lines and the level of recombinant protein produced continue to be suboptimal. Here, we used a combination of a human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector and initiation region (IR)/matrix attachment region (MAR) gene amplification method to establish stable cells that produce high levels of recombinant protein. Amplification of Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was induced on a HAC carrying EGFP gene and IR/MAR sequences (EGFP MAR-HAC) in CHO DG44 cells. The expression level of EGFP increased approximately 6-fold compared to the original HAC without IR/MAR sequences. Additionally, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody on a HAC (VEGF MAR-HAC) was also amplified by utilization of this IR/MAR-HAC system, and anti-VEGF antibody levels were approximately 2-fold higher compared with levels in control cells without IR/MAR. Furthermore, the expression of anti-VEGF antibody with VEGF MAR-HAC in CHO-K1 cells increased 2.3-fold compared with that of CHO DG44 cells. Taken together, the IR/MAR-HAC system facilitated amplification of a gene of interest on the HAC vector, and could be used to establish a novel cell line that stably produced protein from mammalian cells.
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Greene A, Pascarelli K, Broccoli D, Perkins E. Engineering Synthetic Chromosomes by Sequential Loading of Multiple Genomic Payloads over 100 Kilobase Pairs in Size. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 13:463-473. [PMID: 31193384 PMCID: PMC6527818 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery vehicles currently in the clinic for treatment of monogenic disorders lack sufficient carrying capacity to efficiently address complex polygenic diseases. Thus, to engineer multifaceted genetic circuits for bioengineering human cells as a therapeutic option for polygenic diseases, we require new tools that are currently in their infancy. Mammalian artificial chromosomes, or synthetic chromosomes, represent a viable approach for delivery of large genetic payloads that are mitotically stable and remain independent of the host genome. Previously, we described a mammalian synthetic chromosome platform, termed the ACE system, that requires a single unidirectional integrase for the introduction of multiple genes onto the ACE platform chromosome. In this report, we provide a proof of concept that the ACE synthetic chromosome bioengineering platform is amenable to sequential delivery of off-the-shelf large genomic fragments. Specifically, large genomic clones spanning the human solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1 or GLUT1, 169 kbp), and human monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1 or MCT1, 144 kbp) genetic loci were engineered onto the ACE platform and demonstrated to express and correctly splice both gene transcripts. Thus, the ACE system provides a facile and tractable engineering platform for the development of gene-based therapeutic agents targeting polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Greene
- Department of Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
- SynPloid Biotek, LLC, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | | | - Dominique Broccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
- SynPloid Biotek, LLC, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
| | - Edward Perkins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
- SynPloid Biotek, LLC, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
- Corresponding author: Edward Perkins, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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Kouprina N, Petrov N, Molina O, Liskovykh M, Pesenti E, Ohzeki JI, Masumoto H, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V. Human Artificial Chromosome with Regulated Centromere: A Tool for Genome and Cancer Studies. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1974-1989. [PMID: 30075081 PMCID: PMC6154217 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since their description in the late 1990s, Human Artificial Chromosomes (HACs) bearing functional kinetochores have been considered as promising systems for gene delivery and expression. More recently a HAC assembled from a synthetic alphoid DNA array has been exploited in studies of centromeric chromatin and in assessing the impact of different epigenetic modifications on kinetochore structure and function in human cells. This HAC was termed the alphoidtetO-HAC, as the synthetic monomers each contained a tetO sequence in place of the CENP-B box that can be targeted specifically with tetR-fusion proteins. Studies in which the kinetochore chromatin of the alphoidtetO-HAC was specifically modified, revealed that heterochromatin is incompatible with centromere function and that centromeric transcription is important for centromere assembly and maintenance. In addition, the alphoidtetO-HAC was modified to carry large gene inserts that are expressed in target cells under conditions that recapitulate the physiological regulation of endogenous loci. Importantly, the phenotypes arising from stable gene expression can be reversed when cells are "cured" of the HAC by inactivating its kinetochore in proliferating cell populations, a feature that provides a control for phenotypic changes attributed to expression of HAC-encoded genes. AlphoidtetO-HAC-based technology has also been used to develop new drug screening and assessment strategies to manipulate the CIN phenotype in cancer cells. In summary, the alphoidtetO-HAC is proving to be a versatile tool for studying human chromosome transactions and structure as well as for genome and cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute,
NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States,E-mail: . Tel: +1-240-760-7325
| | - Nikolai Petrov
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute,
NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Oscar Molina
- Josep
Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University
of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute,
NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States
| | - Elisa Pesenti
- Wellcome
Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland
| | - Jun-ichirou Ohzeki
- Laboratory
of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818d Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory
of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818d Japan,E-mail: . Tel: +81-438-52-395
| | - William C. Earnshaw
- Wellcome
Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland,E-mail: . Tel: +44-(0)131-650-7101
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute,
NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United
States,E-mail: . Tel: +1-240-760-7325
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10
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Honma K, Abe S, Endo T, Uno N, Oshimura M, Ohbayashi T, Kazuki Y. Development of a multiple-gene-loading method by combining multi-integration system-equipped mouse artificial chromosome vector and CRISPR-Cas9. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193642. [PMID: 29505588 PMCID: PMC5837097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors have several advantages as gene delivery vectors, such as stable and independent maintenance in host cells without integration, transferability from donor cells to recipient cells via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), and the potential for loading a megabase-sized DNA fragment. Previously, a MAC containing a multi-integrase platform (MI-MAC) was developed to facilitate the transfer of multiple genes into desired cells. Although the MI system can theoretically hold five gene-loading vectors (GLVs), there are a limited number of drugs available for the selection of multiple-GLV integration. To overcome this issue, we attempted to knock out and reuse drug resistance genes (DRGs) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. In this study, we developed new methods for multiple-GLV integration. As a proof of concept, we introduced five GLVs in the MI-MAC by these methods, in which each GLV contained a gene encoding a fluorescent or luminescent protein (EGFP, mCherry, BFP, Eluc, and Cluc). Genes of interest (GOI) on the MI-MAC were expressed stably and functionally without silencing in the host cells. Furthermore, the MI-MAC carrying five GLVs was transferred to other cells by MMCT, and the resultant recipient cells exhibited all five fluorescence/luminescence signals. Thus, the MI-MAC was successfully used as a multiple-GLV integration vector using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The MI-MAC employing these methods may resolve bottlenecks in developing multiple-gene humanized models, multiple-gene monitoring models, disease models, reprogramming, and inducible gene expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Honma
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori, Tottori, Japan
| | - Narumi Uno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kokura K, Kuromi Y, Endo T, Anzai N, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Ohbayashi T. A kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) gene reporter in a mouse artificial chromosome: the responsiveness to cisplatin toxicity in immortalized mouse kidney S3 cells. J Gene Med 2018; 18:273-281. [PMID: 27591740 PMCID: PMC5095820 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney injury molecule‐1 (Kim‐1) has been validated as a urinary biomarker for acute and chronic renal damage. The expression of Kim‐1 mRNA is also activated by acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin in rodents and humans. To date, the measurement of Kim‐1 expression has not fully allowed the detection of in vitro cisplatin nephrotoxicity in immortalized culture cells, such as human kidney‐2 cells and immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells. Methods We measured the augmentation of Kim‐1 mRNA expression after the addition of cisplatin using immortalized S3 cells established from the kidneys of transgenic mice harboring temperature‐sensitive large T antigen from Simian virus 40. Results A mouse Kim‐1 gene luciferase reporter in conjunction with an Hprt gene reporter detected cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity in S3 cells. These two reporter genes were contained in a mouse artificial chromosome, and two luciferases that emitted different wavelengths were used to monitor the respective gene expression. However, the Kim‐1 reporter gene failed to respond to cisplatin in A9 fibroblast cells that contained the same reporter mouse artificial chromosome, suggesting cell type‐specificity for activation of the reporter. Conclusions We report the feasibility of measuring in vitro cisplatin nephrotoxicity using a Kim‐1 reporter gene in S3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kokura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.,Division of Human Genome Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kuromi
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori, Tottori, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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12
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Lee NCO, Kim JH, Petrov NS, Lee HS, Masumoto H, Earnshaw WC, Larionov V, Kouprina N. Method to Assemble Genomic DNA Fragments or Genes on Human Artificial Chromosome with Regulated Kinetochore Using a Multi-Integrase System. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:63-74. [PMID: 28799737 PMCID: PMC5778389 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
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The production of cells capable of carrying multiple transgenes
to Mb-size genomic loci has multiple applications in biomedicine and
biotechnology. In order to achieve this goal, three key steps are
required: (i) cloning of large genomic segments; (ii) insertion of
multiple DNA blocks at a precise location and (iii) the capability
to eliminate the assembled region from cells. In this study, we designed
the iterative integration system (IIS) that utilizes recombinases
Cre, ΦC31 and ΦBT1, and combined it with a human artificial
chromosome (HAC) possessing a regulated kinetochore (alphoidtetO-HAC). We have demonstrated that the IIS-alphoidtetO-HAC
system is a valuable genetic tool by reassembling a functional gene
from multiple segments on the HAC. IIS-alphoidtetO-HAC
has several notable advantages over other artificial chromosome-based
systems. This includes the potential to assemble an unlimited number
of genomic DNA segments; a DNA assembly process that leaves only a
small insertion (<60 bp) scar between adjacent DNA, allowing genes
reassembled from segments to be spliced correctly; a marker exchange
system that also changes cell color, and counter-selection markers
at each DNA insertion step, simplifying selection of correct clones;
and presence of an error proofing mechanism to remove cells with misincorporated
DNA segments, which improves the integrity of assembly. In addition,
the IIS-alphoidtetO-HAC carrying a locus of interest is
removable, offering the unique possibility to revert the cell line
to its pretransformed state and compare the phenotypes of human cells
with and without a functional copy of a gene(s). Thus, IIS-alphoidtetO-HAC allows investigation of complex biomedical pathways,
gene(s) regulation, and has the potential to engineer synthetic chromosomes
with a predetermined set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. O. Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nikolai S. Petrov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hee-Sheung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - William C. Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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13
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Uno N, Abe S, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Combinations of chromosome transfer and genome editing for the development of cell/animal models of human disease and humanized animal models. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:145-156. [PMID: 29180645 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome transfer technology, including chromosome modification, enables the introduction of Mb-sized or multiple genes to desired cells or animals. This technology has allowed innovative developments to be made for models of human disease and humanized animals, including Down syndrome model mice and humanized transchromosomic (Tc) immunoglobulin mice. Genome editing techniques are developing rapidly, and permit modifications such as gene knockout and knockin to be performed in various cell lines and animals. This review summarizes chromosome transfer-related technologies and the combined technologies of chromosome transfer and genome editing mainly for the production of cell/animal models of human disease and humanized animal models. Specifically, these include: (1) chromosome modification with genome editing in Chinese hamster ovary cells and mouse A9 cells for efficient transfer to desired cell types; (2) single-nucleotide polymorphism modification in humanized Tc mice with genome editing; and (3) generation of a disease model of Down syndrome-associated hematopoiesis abnormalities by the transfer of human chromosome 21 to normal human embryonic stem cells and the induction of mutation(s) in the endogenous gene(s) with genome editing. These combinations of chromosome transfer and genome editing open up new avenues for drug development and therapy as well as for basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Uno
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Trans Chromosomics Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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14
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Yasunaga M, Fujita Y, Saito R, Oshimura M, Nakajima Y. Continuous long-term cytotoxicity monitoring in 3D spheroids of beetle luciferase-expressing hepatocytes by nondestructive bioluminescence measurement. BMC Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28637431 PMCID: PMC5480146 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional (3D) spheroids are frequently used in toxicological study because their morphology and function closely resemble those of tissue. As these properties are maintained over a long term, repeated treatment of the spheroids with a test object is possible. Generally, in the repeated treatment test to assess cytotoxicity in the spheroids, ATP assay, colorimetric measurement using pigments or high-content imaging analysis is performed. However, continuous assessment of cytotoxicity in the same spheroids using the above assays or analysis is impossible because the spheroids must be disrupted or killed. To overcome this technical limitation, we constructed a simple monitoring system in which cytotoxicity in the spheroids can be continuously monitored by nondestructive bioluminescence measurement. Results Mouse primary hepatocytes were isolated from transchromosomic (Tc) mice harboring a mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vector expressing beetle luciferase Emerald Luc (ELuc) under the control of cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer/chicken β-actin promoter/rabbit β-globin intron II (CAG) promoter, and used in 3D cultures. We confirmed that both luminescence and albumin secretion from the spheroids seeded in the 96-well format Cell-ableTM were maintained for approximately 1 month. Finally, we repetitively treated the luminescent 3D spheroids with representative hepatotoxicants for approximately 1 month, and continuously and nondestructively measured bioluminescence every day. We successfully obtained daily changes of the dose-response bioluminescence curves for the respective toxicants. Conclusions In this study, we constructed a monitoring system in which cytotoxicity in the same 3D spheroids was continuously and sensitively monitored over a long term. Because this system can be easily applied to other cells, such as human primary cells or stem cells, it is expected to serve as the preferred platform for simple and cost-effective long-term monitoring of cellular events, including cytotoxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0374-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yasunaga
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujita
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Rumiko Saito
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan. .,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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15
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Tomimatsu K, Kokura K, Nishida T, Yoshimura Y, Kazuki Y, Narita M, Oshimura M, Ohbayashi T. Multiple expression cassette exchange via TP901-1, R4, and Bxb1 integrase systems on a mouse artificial chromosome. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:306-317. [PMID: 28286726 PMCID: PMC5337897 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The site-specific excision of a target DNA sequence for genetic knockout or lineage tracing is a powerful tool for investigating biological systems. Currently, site-specific recombinases (SSRs), such as Cre or Flp recombination target cassettes, have been successfully excised or inverted by a single SSR to regulate transgene expression. However, the use of a single SSR might restrict the complex control of gene expression. This study investigated the potential for expanding the multiple regulation of transgenes using three different integrase systems (TP901-1, R4, and Bxb1). We designed three excision cassettes that expressed luciferase, where the luciferase expression could be exchanged to a fluorescent protein by site-specific recombination. Individual cassettes that could be regulated independently by a different integrase were connected in tandem and inserted into a mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vector in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The transient expression of an integrase caused the targeted luciferase activity to be lost and fluorescence was activated. Additionally, the integrase system enabled the specific excision of targeted DNA sequences without cross-reaction with the other recombination targets. These results suggest that the combined use of these integrase systems in a defined locus on a MAC vector permits the multiple regulation of transgene expression and might contribute to genomic or cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tomimatsu
- Research Center for Bioscience and TechnologyTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Kokura
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
- Division of Human Genome ScienceDepartment of Molecular and Cellular BiologySchool of Life SciencesFaculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Tadashi Nishida
- Research Center for Bioscience and TechnologyTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Yuki Yoshimura
- Department of Biomedical ScienceInstitute of Regenerative Medicine and BiofunctionGraduate School of Medical SciencesTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
- Central Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
- Department of Biomedical ScienceInstitute of Regenerative Medicine and BiofunctionGraduate School of Medical SciencesTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteLi Ka Shing CentreUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research CenterTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
- Department of Biomedical ScienceInstitute of Regenerative Medicine and BiofunctionGraduate School of Medical SciencesTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Research Center for Bioscience and TechnologyTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
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16
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Moving toward a higher efficiency of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16043. [PMID: 27382603 PMCID: PMC4916947 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) technology enables individual mammalian chromosomes, megabase-sized chromosome fragments, or mammalian artificial chromosomes that include human artificial chromosomes (HACs) and mouse artificial chromosomes (MACs) to be transferred from donor to recipient cells. In the past few decades, MMCT has been applied to various studies, including mapping the genes, analysis of chromosome status such as aneuploidy and epigenetics. Recently, MMCT was applied to transfer MACs/HACs carrying entire chromosomal copies of genes for genes function studies and has potential for regenerative medicine. However, a safe and efficient MMCT technique remains an important challenge. The original MMCT protocol includes treatment of donor cells by Colcemid to induce micronucleation, where each chromosome becomes surrounded with a nuclear membrane, followed by disarrangement of the actin cytoskeleton using Cytochalasin B to help induce microcells formation. In this study, we modified the protocol and demonstrated that replacing Colcemid and Cytochalasin B with TN-16 + Griseofulvin and Latrunculin B in combination with a Collage/Laminin surface coating increases the efficiency of HAC transfer to recipient cells by almost sixfold and is possibly less damaging to HAC than the standard MMCT method. We tested the improved MMCT protocol on four recipient cell lines, including human mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells that could facilitate the cell engineering by HACs.
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17
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Endo T, Noda N, Kuromi Y, Kokura K, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Ohbayashi T. Evaluation of an Hprt-Luciferase Reporter Gene on a Mammalian Artificial Chromosome in Response to Cytotoxicity. Yonago Acta Med 2016; 59:174-182. [PMID: 27493490 PMCID: PMC4973025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) is known as a house-keeping gene, and has been used as an internal control for real-time quantitative RT-PCR and various other methods of gene expression analysis. To evaluate the Hprt mRNA levels as a reference standard, we engineered a luciferase reporter driven by a long Hprt promoter and measured its response to cytotoxicity. METHODS We constructed a reporter vector that harbored a phiC31 integrase recognition site and a mouse Hprt promoter fused with green-emitting luciferase (SLG) coding sequence. The Hprt-SLG vector was loaded onto a mouse artificial chromosome containing a multi-integrase platform using phiC31 integrase in mouse A9 cells. We established three independent clones. RESULTS The established cell lines had similar levels of expression of the Hprt-SLG reporter gene. Hprt-SLG activity increased proportionately under growth conditions and decreased under cytotoxic conditions after blasticidin or cisplatin administration. Similar increases and decreases in the SLG luminescent were observed under growth and cytotoxic conditions, respectively, to those in the fluorescent obtained using the commercially available reagent, alamarBlue. CONCLUSION By employing a reliable and stable expression system in a mammalian artificial chromosome, the activity of an Hprt-SLG reporter can reflect cell numbers under cell growth condition and cell viability in the evaluation of cytotoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori 689-1112, Japan
| | - Natsumi Noda
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori 689-1112, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kuromi
- Tottori Industrial Promotion Organization, Tottori 689-1112, Japan; ‡Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kenji Kokura
- §Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- §Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; ||Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; ¶Division of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- §Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- ‡Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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