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Poudel S, Jia L, Arick MA, Hsu CY, Thrash A, Sukumaran AT, Adhikari P, Kiess AS, Zhang L. In silico prediction and expression analysis of vaccine candidate genes of Campylobacter jejuni. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102592. [PMID: 36972674 PMCID: PMC10066559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is the most common food-borne pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis in the United States. Consumption of contaminated poultry products is considered as the major source of human Campylobacter infection. An effective vaccine would be a promising alternative to antibiotic supplements to curb C. jejuni colonization in poultry gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the genetic diversity among the C. jejuni isolates makes vaccine production more challenging. Despite many attempts, an effective Campylobacter vaccine is not yet available. This study aimed to identify suitable candidates to develop a subunit vaccine against C. jejuni, which could reduce colonization in the GI tract of the poultry. In the current study, 4 C. jejuni strains were isolated from retail chicken meat and poultry litter samples and their genomes were sequenced utilizing next-generation sequencing technology. The genomic sequences of C. jejuni strains were screened to identify potential antigens utilizing the reverse vaccinology approach. In silico genome analysis predicted 3 conserved potential vaccine candidates (phospholipase A [PldA], TonB dependent vitamin B12 transporter [BtuB], and cytolethal distending toxin subunit B [CdtB]) suitable for the development of a vaccine. Furthermore, the expression of predicted genes during host-pathogen interaction was analyzed by an infection study using an avian macrophage-like immortalized cell line (HD11). The HD11 was infected with C. jejuni strains, and the RT-qPCR assay was performed to determine the expression of the predicted genes. The expression difference was analyzed using ΔΔCt methods. The results indicate that all 3 predicted genes, PldA, BtuB, and CdtB, were upregulated in 4 tested C. jejuni strains irrespective of their sources of isolation. In conclusion, in silico prediction and gene expression analysis during host-pathogen interactions identified 3 potential vaccine candidates for C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Linan Jia
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mark A Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chuan-Yu Hsu
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Adam Thrash
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Anuraj T Sukumaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Wysok B, Wojtacka J, Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A, Sołtysiuk M, Kobuszewska A. The Enterotoxin Production and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Strains Originating from Slaughter Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101131. [PMID: 36297191 PMCID: PMC9612029 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of animal-origin Campylobacter strains, including antimicrobial resistance and enterotoxigenicity, was determined in this study. Overall, 149 Campylobacter isolates originating from cattle, swine and poultry were tested. The antimicrobial resistance profiles were examined by the diffusion disk method. The dominant resistance pattern was CIP_TET. The resistance rates for ciprofloxacin among swine, cattle and poultry isolates were 84%, 51% and 66%, respectively; for tetracycline, they were 82%, 57.1% and 76%, respectively. None of the obtained isolates was resistant to all four antimicrobials tested. The ability to produce enterotoxins was assessed by the use of a suckling mouse bioassay, with intestinal fluid accumulation as a positive result, and by CHO assay, with the elongation of cells as a positive result. The ability to produce enterotoxins was significantly higher among cattle isolates (61.2% and 71.4% positive isolates, respectively, in the bioassay and the CHO assay) than among swine (16% and 32% positive isolates, respectively) or poultry isolates (14% and 22% positive isolates, respectively). A strong positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo enterotoxicity tests was demonstrated.
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Kreitlow A, Becker A, Ahmed MFE, Kittler S, Schotte U, Plötz M, Abdulmawjood A. Combined Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection and One-Step Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Meat Products. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:668824. [PMID: 34177847 PMCID: PMC8219907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay system was established, allowing rplD gene-based simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in enriched meat products. Additionally, one-step differentiation of target species on agar plates was enabled by cdtC gene- and gyrA gene-based duplex LAMP. Both the rplD and cdtC–gyrA LAMP assays amplified the target sequences in all 62 C. jejuni and 27 C. coli strains used for determining inclusivity and revealed 100% exclusivity toward 85 tested non-target species. Throughout the entire experiments, C. jejuni and C. coli strains were 100% distinguishable by melting curves of cdtC and gyrA LAMP products. After 24-h enrichment, the rplD LAMP assay reliably detected initial inoculation levels of 10–100 CFU/g in artificially contaminated minced meat. Investigation of naturally contaminated meat samples revealed a diagnostic accuracy of 95% toward real-time PCR and 94.1% toward the standard culture method applying the 24-h incubation period. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 89.8, 100, 100, and 91.2%, respectively, when measured against real-time PCR, and 89.6, 98.1, 97.7, and 91.2%, respectively, when measured against the standard culture method. After 48-h enrichment, the detection limit of the rplD LAMP assay improved to initial inoculation levels of 1–10 CFU/g in artificially contaminated minced meat. Applying the 48-h incubation period on naturally contaminated meat samples resulted in 100% concordant results between rplD LAMP, real-time PCR, and the standard culture method. The established LAMP assay system was proved to be suitable for rapid meat sample screening. Furthermore, it constitutes a promising tool for investigating other Campylobacter sources and could therefore make a valuable contribution to protect consumers from foodborne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kreitlow
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - André Becker
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marwa F E Ahmed
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behavior, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotte
- Department A-Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Amir Abdulmawjood
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Wysok B, Wojtacka J, Kivistö R. Pathogenicity of Campylobacter strains of poultry and human origin from Poland. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 334:108830. [PMID: 32841810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenic markers associated with Campylobacter infection in humans. A total of 104 Campylobacter isolates obtained from poultry and humans were examined for the presence of nine virulence genes and their ability to adhere to, invade and produce cytotoxin were defined using HeLa cells. The diversity of the Campylobacter spp. isolates was studied based on sequencing of the SVR-region of flaA gene. Altogether 45 flaA-SVR alleles were identified among 104 Campylobacter isolates of poultry and human origin. All Campylobacter isolates possessed flaA, cadF and racR genes involved in adherence. Accordingly, all poultry and human isolates exhibited adherence towards HeLa cells at mean levels of 0.95% and 0.82% of starting viable inoculum, respectively. The genes involved in invasion (iam and pldA) and cytotoxin production (cdtA, cdtB and cdtC) were also widely distributed among the human and poultry Campylobacter isolates. Significantly higher invasiveness was observed for poultry isolates (mean level of 0.002% of starting bacterial inoculum) compared to human isolates (0.0005%). Interestingly the iam gene, associated with invasion, was more common in human (100%) than poultry (84%) isolates, and the poultry isolates lacking the iam gene showed a marked reduction in their ability to invade HeLa cells. Moreover, virB11 was present in 22% of the poultry and 70.4% of the human isolates. Strains lacking virB11 showed a slight reduction in invasion, however in the absence of iam even the poultry isolates containing virB11 were unable to invade HeLa cells. The mean cytotoxicity of Campylobacter isolates from poultry and human was 26.7% and 38.7%, respectively. Strains missing both the cdtB and cdtC genes were non-cytotoxic compared to strains containing all three cdtABC genes, which were the most cytotoxic among the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from both sources. No cytotoxic effect was observed in only 4% of poultry and 5.6% of human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wysok
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtacka
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Virulence Traits of Inpatient Campylobacter jejuni Isolates, and a Transcriptomic Approach to Identify Potential Genes Maintaining Intracellular Survival. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040531. [PMID: 32272707 PMCID: PMC7232156 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are still major gaps in our understanding of the bacterial factors that influence the outcomes of human Campylobacter jejuni infection. The aim of this study was to compare the virulence-associated features of 192 human C. jejuni strains isolated from hospitalized patients with diarrhoea (150/192, 78.1%), bloody diarrhoea (23/192, 11.9%), gastroenteritis (3/192, 1.6%), ulcerative colitis (3/192, 1.5%), and stomach ache (2/192, 1.0%). Traits were analysed with genotypic and phenotypic methods, including PCR and extracellular matrix protein (ECMP) binding, adhesion, and invasion capacities. Results were studied alongside patient symptoms, but no distinct links with them could be determined. Since the capacity of C. jejuni to invade host epithelial cells is one of its most enigmatic attributes, a high throughput transcriptomic analysis was performed in the third hour of internalization with a C. jejuni strain originally isolated from bloody diarrhoea. Characteristic groups of genes were significantly upregulated, outlining a survival strategy of internalized C. jejuni comprising genes related (1) to oxidative stress; (2) to a protective sheath formed by the capsule, LOS, N-, and O- glycosylation systems; (3) to dynamic metabolic activity supported by different translocases and the membrane-integrated component of the flagellar apparatus; and (4) to hitherto unknown genes.
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Eryildiz C, Tabakcioglu K, Kuyucuklu G, Sakru N. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Campylobacter isolates from patients in a tertiary hospital in Edirne, Turkey. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:157-161. [PMID: 32883928 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Campylobacter is one of the most common pathogens that cause food-borne infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates and the presence of multiple virulence genes in Campylobacter isolates obtained from humans. Materials and Methods In this study, 71 Campylobacter isolates obtained from human faecal samples were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed through the gradient strip method. The presence of virulence genes was investigated by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results The rate of resistance of the 66 Campylobacter jejuni isolates was 12.1% for erythromycin, 40.9% for tetracycline and 68.2% for ciprofloxacin. Only one of five Campylobacter coli isolates was resistant to these three antimicrobial agents. The flaB, pldA, cdtA, cadF, cdtC and ceuE genes were found in all 66 of the C. jejuni isolates. In the C. jejuni isolates, positivity rates of 92.4% for flaA, 96.7% for cdtB, 98.5% for ciaB, 90.9% for dnaJ and 96.7% for racR were observed. The flaA, flaB, ciaB, cdtA and cdtC genes were present in all C. coli isolates. Conclusions It was detected that there is an increase in antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter strains in our region, and most of the isolates harbour virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Eryildiz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kiymet Tabakcioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gulcan Kuyucuklu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nermin Sakru
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Selwet M. The Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Multidrug Resistance in Thermophilic Campylobacter Spp. Isolated from Dogs. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:681-687. [PMID: 33817207 PMCID: PMC7874824 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the role of dogs as a potential reservoir of Campylobacter spp. At the next stage of the research the frequency of occurrence of selected virulence genes, i.e. cadF, flaA and iam as well as genes responsible for the formation the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), i.e. cdtA, cdtB and cdtC was determined. The isolates obtained in the research were tested for their resistance to selected antibiotics: ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (EF), erythromycin (E) and tetracycline (TE). Campylobacter spp. was found in 63 (12.6%) out of a total number of 500 isolates. 61 (12.2%) isolates were identified as C. jejuni. The number of C. jejuni isolates found in the younger animals was smaller (p <0.05) than in the older ones. The frequency of occurrence of virulence genes and the genes responsible for the formation of CDT was significantly (p <0.05) higher in the older dogs. A comparison of the effect of antibiotics showed that the isolates obtained from both age groups exhibited low resistance to erythrosine (13.5% in the group aged under 1 year and 8.6% in the group aged over 1 year). Both groups exhibited the highest resistance to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Selwet
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul. Szydłowska 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Redondo N, Carroll A, McNamara E. Molecular characterization of Campylobacter causing human clinical infection using whole-genome sequencing: Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and phylogeny in Ireland. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219088. [PMID: 31291319 PMCID: PMC6619736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We characterized clinical isolates of Campylobacter using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for detection of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance markers and phylogenetic analysis in order to increase the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter in Ireland, where there are significant gaps due to the widespread in the use of culture independent methods for the diagnosis of campylobacteriosis. METHODS WGS was applied to 122 Campylobacter human isolates collected over a 10-years period, from diarrhoeal stool samples submitted for routine enteric screening. RESULTS Genes associated with cytotoxin production such as cdtA, cdtB and cdtC were found in 88%, 89% and 89% isolates, respectively; adherence, colonization and invasion genes such as cadF, dnaJ, racR, iam, virB11 and ciaB were found in 99%, 99%, 98%, 99%, 1% and 80% isolates, respectively. Genetic markers associated with resistance to quinolones (C257T in gyrA), beta-lactams (blaoxa-61) and tetracycline (tet(O)) were present in 43%, 71% and 25% isolates, respectively. The cmeABC operon was present in 94% of isolates. No macrolide or aminoglycoside resistance markers were detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 112 isolates were assigned to 29 sequence types grouped into 17 clonal complexes. Four clusters previously unidentified were detected. These results shown the similarity of Irish data compared to what has been described globally. CONCLUSIONS WGS has shown a high discriminatory power for cluster detection, demonstrating that its integration in routine laboratory surveillance could improve the detection and management of outbreaks. In addition we were able to demonstrate that virulence genes in clinical Campylobacter infections in Ireland were similar to those known previously. High prevalence of quinolone resistance markers has been found, which has implications for antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Redondo
- Public Health Laboratory, Dublin-Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Carroll
- Public Health Laboratory, Dublin-Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor McNamara
- Public Health Laboratory, Dublin-Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
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Antibiotic Susceptibility, Genetic Diversity, and the Presence of Toxin Producing Genes in Campylobacter Isolates from Poultry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111400. [PMID: 29149023 PMCID: PMC5708039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined antibiotic susceptibility, genetic diversity, and characteristics of virulence genes in Campylobacter isolates from poultry. Chicken (n = 152) and duck (n = 154) samples were collected from 18 wet markets in Korea. Campylobacter spp. isolated from the carcasses were identified by PCR. The isolated colonies were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility to chloramphenicol, amikacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and enrofloxacin. The isolates were also used to analyze genetic diversity using the DiversiLabTM system and were tested for the presence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 45 poultry samples out of 306 poultry samples (14.7%) and the average levels of Campylobacter contamination were 22.0 CFU/g and 366.1 CFU/g in chicken and duck samples, respectively. Moreover, more than 90% of the isolates showed resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Genetic correlation analysis showed greater than 95% similarity between 84.4% of the isolates, and three cdt genes (cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC) were present in 71.1% of Campylobacter isolates. These results indicate that Campylobacter contamination should be decreased to prevent and treat Campylobacter foodborne illness.
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Impact of CDT Toxin on Human Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070220. [PMID: 27429000 PMCID: PMC4963852 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is found in Gram-negative bacteria, especially in certain Proteobacteria such as the Pasteurellaceae family, including Haemophilus ducreyi and Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, in the Enterobacteriaceae family and the Campylobacterales order, including the Campylobacter and Helicobacter species. In vitro and in vivo studies have clearly shown that this toxin has a strong effect on cellular physiology (inflammation, immune response modulation, tissue damage). Some works even suggest a potential involvement of CDT in cancers. In this review, we will discuss these different aspects.
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Khoshbakht R, Tabatabaei M, Hosseinzadeh S, Shirzad Aski H, Seifi S. Genetic Characterization of Campylobacter Jejuni and C. coli Isolated From Broilers Using flaA PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Method in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e18573. [PMID: 26060566 PMCID: PMC4458359 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8(5)2015.18573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thermophilic campylobacters, particularly Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are the main agents of human campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter contaminated chicken products is the most important source of foodborne gastroenteritis. Evaluation of genetic diversity among Campylobacter population is critical for understanding the epidemiology of this bacterium and developing effective control strategies against Campylobacter infections and other related disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from broiler fecal samples in Shiraz, southern Iran. Materials and Methods: Ninety Campylobacter isolates were recovered from broiler feces using enrichment process followed by cultivation method. The isolates were species typing on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of 16SrRNA and multiplex PCR for determining two thermophilic species. To evaluate strain diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates, flaA PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was performed using DdeI restriction enzyme. Results: All 90 Campylobacter isolates confirmed by m-PCR were successfully typed using flaA-PCR-RFLP. Eleven different types were defined according to flaA-typing method and the RFLP patterns were located at three separate clusters in RFLP image analysis dendrogram. Conclusions: Campylobacter jejuni isolates significantly showed more variety than C. coli isolates. A relatively low genetic diversity existed among C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from broilers in Shiraz, southern Iran. In our knowledge, this was the first report of genetic diversity among broiler originated human pathogen thermophilic campylobacters in Shiraz, southern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahem Khoshbakht
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Rahem Khoshbakht, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IR Iran. Tel: + 98 - 911919059, Fax: + 98 - 1212271054, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad Aski
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Seifi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IR Iran
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Khalid MI, Tang JYH, Baharuddin NH, Rahman NS, Rahimi NF, Radu S. Prevalence, antibiogram, and cdt genes of toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in salad style vegetables (ulam) at farms and retail outlets in Terengganu. J Food Prot 2015; 78:65-71. [PMID: 25581179 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ikhsan Khalid
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - John Yew Huat Tang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Nabila Huda Baharuddin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nasiha Shakina Rahman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Faizzah Rahimi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Son Radu
- Food Safety Research Centre, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Acik MN, Karahan M, Ongor H, Cetinkaya B. Investigation of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from sheep in Turkey. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:589-94. [PMID: 23611104 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) genes was investigated in isolates of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lanienae, and C. lari that originated from intestinal contents and gallbladders of clinically healthy sheep. These genes have important roles in the pathogenicity of campylobacters. A total of 363 Campylobacter isolates (221 C. jejuni, 135 C. coli, five C. lanienae, and two C. lari) were used in this study. The frequency of racR, dnaJ, ciaB, pldA, flaA, and cadF virulence genes in all the isolates were determined to be 34.4%, 30%, 24.8%, 30.9%, 95%, and 81.3%, respectively, while the virB11 virulence gene could not be detected in any isolates. CdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes were detected in 54.5%, 55.9%, and 52.3% of the isolates, respectively. None of the virulence and toxin genes examined here were detected in a total of 19 Campylobacter isolates consisting of 10 C. jejuni and nine C. coli. This is the first study investigating the presence of virulence and toxin genes in a large number of Campylobacter species isolated from clinically healthy sheep by scanning a large area. In addition, this is the first report investigating the presence of virulence and toxin genes in sheep-originated C. lanienae and C. lari isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet N Acik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
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