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Rahman MH, Akther S, Alam MS, Ali MZ, Ahmed S. Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus infection in goats of Bangladesh: Serological detection and its associated risk factors. Vet World 2023; 16:2256-2262. [PMID: 38152273 PMCID: PMC10750757 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2256-2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) is a multisystemic persistent viral disease of goat that causes significant economic losses to the farmers and livestock sector. However, no information in this country is available regarding CAE virus (CAEV) infection. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of CAEV infection among the goat population in the selected goat-prone districts in Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors of the disease. Materials and Methods From July 2021 to June 2022, 446 goat serum samples were randomly collected from the study area. Goat owners were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire to determine the risk factors. A commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to screen blood serum for CAEV antibodies. Logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors and serological data to identify the potential risk factors. Results Out of 446 serum samples, 19 samples were seropositive against CAEV. The overall seroprevalence was 4.26% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.58-6.57). The multivariable logistic regression model identified sex (Female; odds ratio [OR]: 3.98; 95% CI: 1.13-13.95), animal age (12-48 months; OR: 4.93, 95% CI: 0.63-38.13), and biosecurity status (Poor biosecurity; OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 0.46-5.92) as potential risk factors for CAEV seropositivity. Conclusion This study revealed the serological detection of CAEV in Bangladeshi goats where seroprevalence is found to be relatively low. To eradicate the disease, screening and culling of infected goats from the herd might be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahman
- Goat Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
- Faridpur Regional Station, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Faridpur, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Akther
- Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahin Alam
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Sadek Ahmed
- Goat Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
- Black Bengal Goat Conservation and Development Research Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
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Alamerew EA, Demis C, Asfaw T, Gemeda BA, Asres FA, Yitagesu E, Wondifra Y, Areaya A. Serological Evidence of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia: Clinical Case Analysis. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2022; 13:287-297. [PMID: 36281457 PMCID: PMC9587498 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s378605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic debilitating and economically important viral disease of goats. It is mainly manifested as encephalitis in kids and polyarthritis in adult goats. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of morbidity and mortality due to clinical diseases attributed to infection by Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and to determine the serological status of CAEV in goat in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional serological study and a longitudinal clinical case study were conducted. A total of 257 serum samples have been collected from apparently health and clinical cases attributed to CAE infection and tested with the usage of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to screen antibodies against CAE. Records have been statistically analyzed by using the chi-square test. Results During five consecutive years of longitudinal clinical study, a total of 195 clinical diseases of chronic pneumonia, nerve problems, clinical mastitis, and arthritis occurred with prevalence of 99 (50.8%), 57 (29.2%), 27 (13.9%), and 12 (6.2%), respectively. Chronic pneumonia was the highest cause of goat morbidity (50.8%) and mortality (100.0%). Of the total samples tested from clinical cases, 7 (58.3%) were sero-positive for the presence of antibodies against CAEV. The overall seroprevalence of CAE was 4.7%. There has been a significant difference (p < 0.05) in sero-positivity among management system, breeds, and age groups of goats. However, there was no significant variation in sero-positivity between the sexes (p > 0.05) of goats. Conclusion This finding indicates that CAEV infection exists in the goat flocks in examined localities in Ethiopia. This disease poses serious animal health problems that constrain production with the presence of apparent clinical signs. Further investigations need to be done to explore the seroconversion of CAEV in small ruminants and the associated factors to plan an appropriate eradication program and prevent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyiew Alemnew Alamerew
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Chekol Demis
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Tadiwos Asfaw
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Alemu Gemeda
- Livestock Research Department, ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) Bole Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fasil Aklilu Asres
- Serology Department, NAHDIC (National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre), Sebeta, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Erdachew Yitagesu
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshitla Wondifra
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Alemnew Areaya
- Livestock Research Department, Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Centre, Debre Birhan, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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3
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Shi J, Li X, Zhu M, Chi H, Song Y, Wang J, Huang J. The dUTPase of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus negatively regulates interferon signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2021; 22:209-216. [PMID: 34777521 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.38240.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Deoxyuracil triphosphate nucleotide (dUTP) pyrophosphatase (dUTPase, DU) is an enzyme of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) that minimizes incorporation of dUTP into the DNA. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus relies partly on its ability to escape from innate immunity to cause persistent infections. Interferon β (IFN-β) is an important marker for evaluating the innate immune system, and it has a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. Aims This study was conducted to investigate the details of the IFN-β response to CAEV infection. Methods The expression of IFN-β and the proliferation of Sendai virus (SeV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The effect of DU on the IFN signaling pathway was evaluated using luciferase reporter assays. Results In our study, the expression of IFN-β was significantly inhibited and the proliferation of SeV and VSV was promoted in cells overexpressing CAEV-DU. DU affected interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) and IFN-β promoter activities induced by RIG-I/MDA5/MAVS/TBK1 pathway, while did not affect them induced by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3-5D). Conclusion DU protein downregulated the production of IFN-β by inhibiting the activity of the signal transduction molecules upstream of IRF3, thereby, helping CAEV escape innate immunity. Findings of this work provide an evidence to understand the persistent infection and multiple system inflammation of CAEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- MSc Student in Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - X Li
- Departmet of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - M Zhu
- MSc Student in Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - H Chi
- MSc Student in Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Y Song
- MSc Student in Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - J Wang
- MSc Student in Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - J Huang
- Departmet of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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4
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Potarniche AV, Cerbu CG, Czopowicz M, Szalus-Jordanow O, Kaba J, Spinu M. The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania. Vet World 2020; 13:1344-1350. [PMID: 32848309 PMCID: PMC7429392 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1344-1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an economically significant viral disease of goats caused by a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belonging to Retroviridae family. This study aimed to summarize current information on the epidemiological status of SRLVs infection in the population of goats from Romania and to point out the CAE incidence throughout the 2008-2018 periods. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive review of the papers published in the international literature concerning the epidemiological status of CAE in Romania was carried out using electronic databases, and available statistical data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regarding the incidence of the disease between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. Results: The true individual-level seroprevalence of CAE was estimated in 13 of 42 counties (31%) and ranged from 0.4% to roughly 40%. One hundred eighty-two outbreaks from 14 counties (33%) were reported, with a peak in 2010. Conclusion: The findings sourcing in the literature are very scarce and show disagreement with the situation reported by the national veterinary authorities. Lack of SRLVs screening policies represents the main obstacle in limiting the spread of the disease. Romania’s National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority should implement a program for diagnosis and surveillance of the disease to build a straightforward epidemiological picture that represents a prerequisite of any control and eradication program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian-Valentin Potarniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Constantin Gheorghe Cerbu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Michal Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Szalus-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kaba
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marina Spinu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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5
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Fu Y, Lu D, Su Y, Chi H, Wang J, Huang J. The Vif protein of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus inhibits interferon production. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1557-1567. [PMID: 32356187 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic progressive infectious disease caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) that seriously threatens the goat industry. Chronic infection and life-long multi-tissue inflammation are the typical features of the disease. Innate antiviral immunity is essential for the host defense system that rapidly recognizes and eliminates invading viruses. Interferon β (IFN-β) is important for innate immunity and regulates immunity against a broad spectrum of viruses. To investigate the details of the IFN-β response to CAEV infection, the effects of six viral proteins and the molecular mechanisms by which they affect IFN-β production were analyzed. Overexpression of DU and Vif promote virus proliferation and inhibit the production of IFN-β. qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assays showed that overexpression of Vif inhibits the expression of luciferase under the control of the ISRE, NF-κB or IFN-β promoter but does not affect the expression of IFN-β activated by IRF3, indicating that Vif negatively regulates IFN-β production by affecting upstream signal transduction of IRF3. Amino acids 149-164 of Vif were found to be necessary for the inhibitory effect of IFN-β production. Our results indicate that CAEV evades surveillance and clearance by intracellular innate immunity by downregulating IFN-β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanxin Su
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Heng Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiashun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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6
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Schultz EB, Santana TEZ, Silva FF, Garcia AO, Oliveira HR, Rodrigues MT, Brito LF. Short communication: Genetic parameter estimates for caprine arthritis encephalitis in dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6407-6411. [PMID: 32331882 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic disease caused by a retrovirus from the Lentivirus genus. No effective vaccines or treatments exist, and therefore genetic selection for CAE resistance might be a feasible alternative. To our best knowledge, no other studies have investigated the genetic architecture of CAE resistance in dairy goats. In this context, this study was designed to estimate genetic parameters for CAE infection in Alpine and Saanen goats using a Bayesian threshold model. A total of 542 adult goats (and >3-generation pedigree), which were group-housed in a population with high CAE prevalence, were tested based on a serological infection assessment test (negative = 1 or positive = 2) and used for this study. Genetic parameters were estimated using the BLUPF90 family programs. There was considerable genetic variability for CAE resistance, and pedigree-based heritability was significantly different from zero (0.026 < heritability < 0.128). Our findings indicate that the prevalence of CAE in goat herds can be reduced or eliminated through direct genetic selection for CAE resistance in addition to proper management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Schultz
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - T E Z Santana
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - F F Silva
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - A O Garcia
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - H R Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M T Rodrigues
- Departament of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - L F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
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7
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Jesse FFA, Bitrus AA, Abba Y, Raju VN, Hambali IU, Peter ID, Haron AW, Lila MAM, Norsidin JM. Seroprevalence of small ruminant caprine arthritis encephalitis lentivirus among goats from selected small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia. Vet World 2018; 11:172-176. [PMID: 29657399 PMCID: PMC5891870 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.172-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is an important viral disease of small ruminants particularly in dairy goats with severe social and economic implication. Hence, this study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of CAE virus (CAEV) among goat population in selected small ruminant farms in Selangor and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from a total of 91 goats selected at random. Blood serum was harvested and used for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect antibodies against CAE virus. Results: The result obtained showed that 8/91 (8.8%) of the goats were seropositive for CAEV. In addition, biosecurity management, source of origin and sex of the animal were observed to be important risk factors associated with the occurrence of CAE in goats. Conclusion: The findings of this study affirmed that the seroprevalence of CAEV infection among goat population in small ruminant farms in Selangor, Malaysia, is low. However, there is need to institute strict control measures such as testing and culling positive animals or separation of infected animals from those that tested negative to the disease for effective eradication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Research Unit Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri. P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Veenosha Nehru Raju
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Idris Umar Hambali
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri. P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Damudu Peter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri. P.M. B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jefri Mohd Norsidin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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8
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Tavella A, Bettini A, Ceol M, Zambotto P, Stifter E, Kusstatscher N, Lombardi R, Nardeli S, Beato MS, Capello K, Bertoni G. Achievements of an eradication programme against caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in South Tyrol, Italy. Vet Rec 2017; 182:51. [PMID: 29109181 PMCID: PMC5806589 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small ruminant lentivirus infections in goats affect both production and animal welfare. This represents a threat to the qualitative and quantitative growth of goat farming, recently observed in mountainous regions such as the Autonomous Province of Bolzano – South Tyrol (Italy). To monitor and eradicate the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in this goat population, a compulsory eradication campaign was launched, based on a strict census of small ruminants and yearly serological testing of all animals, followed by the consequent culling of seropositive individuals. The campaign succeeded in completely eliminating cases of clinical disease in goats, while drastically reducing the seroprevalence at the herd as well as individual animal level. The serological outcome of the introduced control measures was determined using commercially available ELISA kits, demonstrating their suitability for use in this type of campaign, aimed at reducing seroprevalence as well as clinical manifestations of these infections. However, this clear success is diminished by the failure to achieve a complete eradication of these viruses. The reasons leading to the observed tailing phenomenon and the occurrence of new infections in already sanitised flocks are discussed and implementation of further measures are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tavella
- Laboratory for Serology and Technical Assistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Astrid Bettini
- Laboratory for Serology and Technical Assistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Ceol
- Laboratory for Serology and Technical Assistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Zambotto
- Veterinary Service, Servizio Veterinario Provinciale, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ernst Stifter
- Veterinary Service, Servizio Veterinario Provinciale, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Natashia Kusstatscher
- Laboratory for Serology and Technical Assistance, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lombardi
- Veterinary Service, Servizio Veterinario Provinciale, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Nardeli
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Beato
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Katia Capello
- Direzione Sanitaria, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertoni
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Yang WC, Chen HY, Wang CY, Pan HY, Wu CW, Hsu YH, Su JC, Chan KW. High prevalence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in Taiwan revealed by large-scale serological survey. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 79:273-276. [PMID: 27916786 PMCID: PMC5326930 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a large-scale serological survey of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
(CAEV) infection was conducted between March 2011 and October 2012. 3,437 goat blood or
milk samples were collected from 65 goat farms throughout Taiwan. A commercial ELISA kit
was used to detect antibodies against CAEV. The overall seropositive rate was 61.7%
(2,120/3,437) in goats and in 98.5% (64/65) of goat farms. These results provide the first
large-scale serological evidence for the presence of CAEV infection, indicating that the
disease is widespread in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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10
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Sanjosé L, Crespo H, Blatti-Cardinaux L, Glaria I, Martínez-Carrasco C, Berriatua E, Amorena B, De Andrés D, Bertoni G, Reina R. Post-entry blockade of small ruminant lentiviruses by wild ruminants. Vet Res 2016; 47:1. [PMID: 26738942 PMCID: PMC4702310 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection causes losses in the small ruminant industry due to reduced animal production and increased replacement rates. Infection of wild ruminants in close contact with infected domestic animals has been proposed to play a role in SRLV epidemiology, but studies are limited and mostly involve hybrids between wild and domestic animals. In this study, SRLV seropositive red deer, roe deer and mouflon were detected through modified ELISA tests, but virus was not successfully amplified using a set of different PCRs. Apparent restriction of SRLV infection in cervids was not related to the presence of neutralizing antibodies. In vitro cultured skin fibroblastic cells from red deer and fallow deer were permissive to the SRLV entry and integration, but produced low quantities of virus. SRLV got rapidly adapted in vitro to blood-derived macrophages and skin fibroblastic cells from red deer but not from fallow deer. Thus, although direct detection of virus was not successfully achieved in vivo, these findings show the potential susceptibility of wild ruminants to SRLV infection in the case of red deer and, on the other hand, an in vivo SRLV restriction in fallow deer. Altogether these results may highlight the importance of surveilling and controlling SRLV infection in domestic as well as in wild ruminants sharing pasture areas, and may provide new natural tools to control SRLV spread in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Sanjosé
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain.
| | - Helena Crespo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain.
| | | | - Idoia Glaria
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain.
| | - Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
- Animal Health Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Berriatua
- Animal Health Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Amorena
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain.
| | - Damián De Andrés
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain.
| | | | - Ramses Reina
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda, Pamplona, 123, 31192, Mutilva-Navarra, Spain.
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