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Hou WT, Shen CR, Peng J, Jiang LW, Guo SY, Qiu XR, Zhang Y, Shen H, Jiang YY, An MM. Mechanism of Action for an All-in-One Monoclonal Antibody Against Staphylococcus aureus Infection. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1789-1799. [PMID: 37335928 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen associated with high mortality rates. The extensive use of antibiotics is associated with the rise of drug resistance, and exotoxins are not targeted by antibiotics. Therefore, monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has emerged as a promising solution to solve the clinical problems caused by refractory S aureus. Recent research suggests that the synergistic effects of several cytotoxins, including bicomponent toxins, are critical to the pathogenesis of S aureus. By comparing the amino acid sequences, researchers found that α-toxin and bicomponent toxins have high homology. Therefore, we aimed to screen an antibody, designated an all-in-one mAb, that could neutralize α-toxin and bicomponent toxins through hybridoma fusion. We found that this mAb has a significant pharmacodynamic effect within in vivo mouse models and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tong Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Rui Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Wen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ran Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Mao An
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Michael CK, Lianou DT, Tsilipounidaki K, Florou Z, Vasileiou NGC, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Longitudinal Study of Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci from Cases of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep in Greece: Incidence and Risk Factors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1703. [PMID: 38136737 PMCID: PMC10741230 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper extends a previous publication on a field study of subclinical mastitis in sheep and focuses on the following laboratory characteristics of the staphylococcal isolates: antibiotic resistance and association with biofilm formation. The specific objectives of the present study were (a) to describe the incidence of isolation of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci from cases of mastitis throughout the milking period in dairy sheep flocks and (b) to identify relevant risk factors, which would contribute to the sustainable control of the infection. Staphylococcal isolates from subclinical mastitis were evaluated for antibiotic resistance to 18 antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 57 of the 179 staphylococcal isolates from subclinical mastitis (31.8%). Resistance was recorded against 11 antibiotics, most often against ampicillin (63.2% of resistant isolates), penicillin (63.2%) and tetracycline (47.4%). Isolates resistant to ampicillin and penicillin were recovered in all 12 farms. Twenty-one multidrug-resistant isolates (11.7%) were also recovered. The incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to at least one (any) antibiotic throughout the study period was 23.8%. The incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to oxacillin was 5.0%; that of isolation of multidrug-resistant staphylococci was 8.8%. With regard to increased incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to at least one (any) antibiotic and increased incidence risk of isolation of staphylococci resistant to oxacillin, the omission of anti-staphylococcal mastitis vaccination of ewes emerged as a risk factor. With regard to increased incidence risk of isolation of multidrug-resistant staphylococci, the following variables emerged as risk factors: (a) higher number of antibiotics used on the farm for the treatment of mastitis and (b) younger age of lambs taken away from their dam. Most biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant staphylococci were recovered from farms where anti-staphylococcal mastitis vaccination was not applied (55.9% versus 44.1% from farms where anti-staphylococcal mastitis vaccination was applied).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - Zoe Florou
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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Lysitsas M, Spyrou V, Billinis C, Valiakos G. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci as an Etiologic Agent of Ovine Mastitis, with a Focus on Subclinical Forms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1661. [PMID: 38136695 PMCID: PMC10740641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to investigate the distribution and the characteristics of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) implicated in ovine mastitis, and especially in subclinical cases, in order to provide a global perspective of the current research data and analyze specific critical aspects of the issue. PRISMA guidelines were implemented in the search of the last 20 years of the related literature in two databases. In total, 139 studies were included in this review. Relevant data were tracked down, assembled, and compared. Regarding the geographical distribution, most studies originated from Europe (68), followed by South America (33). Lacaune was the most examined breed, while S. epidermidis was the predominantly identified species, representing approximately 39% of the obtained isolates. Antibiotic resistance in the relevant bacteria was documented mostly for Penicillin (32.8%) and Amoxicillin (32.1%), while biofilm- and toxin-associated genes were encountered in variable rates because significant inequalities were observed between different articles. Significantly higher rates of antimicrobial resistance were detected in Asia and South America compared to Europe. Finally, the diagnostic procedures carried out in the respective studies were evaluated. Conventional culture and biochemical tests were mostly performed for simple strain identification; therefore, further molecular investigation of isolates should be pursued in future studies, as this will provide important data regarding specific aspects of the implication of CoNS in ovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Lysitsas
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
| | - George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.L.); (C.B.)
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Quraishi A, Kaur P, Singh Sharma N, Arora AK. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from goat milk in association with molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2021; 22:239-243. [PMID: 34777526 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.38465.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Microbes become unresponsive to the drugs used to treat infections due to their ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Aims The present research aimed to study the patterns of phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from goat milk. Methods A total of 200 milk samples were collected to isolate Staphylococcus spp. from mastitic and healthy goats from Punjab state, India. The isolates were then identified biochemically and molecularly (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). An antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted using 15 different antibiotics. Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes was done using PCR. Chi-square test was done to study the association between genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns among the isolates. Results A total of 47 Staphylococcus spp. were isolated of which 33 and 14 isolates were respectively coagulase positive and negative. The isolates phenotypically showed the highest resistance to Penicillin G (P) (91.4%). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found 56.25%. Amongst the antibiotic resistance genes, tetK (87.23%) was the most prevalent isolated gene followed by blaZ (85.10%), mecA (48.93%), and tetM (14.89%). Statistical analysis revealed that the genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns were significantly associated with penicillin and methicillin (MET) resistances. Conclusion The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp., especially MRSA, in goat milk is of concern and needs to be addressed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quraishi
- MVSc Student in Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
| | - P Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
| | - N Singh Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
| | - A K Arora
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India
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Citral modulates virulence factors in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16482. [PMID: 34389776 PMCID: PMC8363631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Citral has been studied in the pharmaceutical industry and has shown antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of citral in inhibiting biofilm formation and modulating virulence genes, with the ultimate goal of finding a strategy for treating infections caused by MRSA strains. Citral showed antimicrobial activity against MRSA isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 5 mg/mL (0.5%) and 40 mg/mL (4%), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values between 10 mg/mL (1%) and 40 mg/mL (4%). The sub-inhibitory dose was 2.5 mg/mL (0.25%). Citral, in an antibiogram, modulated synergistically, antagonistically, or indifferent to the different antibiotics tested. Prior to evaluating the antibiofilm effects of citral, we classified the bacteria according to their biofilm production capacity. Citral showed greater efficacy in the initial stage, and there was a significant reduction in biofilm formation compared to the mature biofilm. qPCR was used to assess the modulation of virulence factor genes, and icaA underexpression was observed in isolates 20 and 48. For icaD, seg, and sei, an increase was observed in the expression of ATCC 33,591. No significant differences were found for eta and etb. Citral could be used as a supplement to conventional antibiotics for MRSA infections.
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Regecová I, Výrostková J, Zigo F, Gregová G, Kováčová M. Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacteria Staphylococcus chromogenes Isolated from Sheep's Milk and Cheese. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050570. [PMID: 34066038 PMCID: PMC8150534 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial and multidrug resistance is detected in nonaureus staphylococci, including Staphylococcus chromogenes, which commonly causes intramammary infections. Recent clinical studies point to the presence of methicillin-resistant S. chromogenes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of this species in samples of sheep‘s milk and cheeses made from them. Isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF). A total of 208 staphylococcal isolates were identified. Of these, 18% were identified as S. chromogenes. The antimicrobial resistance of the identified isolates was determined using the agar dilution method against penicillin, ceftaroline, teicoplanin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ofloxacin. The highest resistance was found to penicillin (95%), tetracycline (86%), and oxacillin (81%). The highest sensitivity was confirmed for gentamicin (55%). The study also confirmed the presence of methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates (30%) based on the phenotypic manifestation of antimicrobial resistance and detection of the presence of the mecA gene. The study shows that the tested isolates (62%) were multidrug resistant. Resistance to two antibiotics was most often found (39%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Gabriela Gregová
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Mariana Kováčová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.K.)
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Microbiological Safety of Food of Animal Origin from Organic Farms. J Vet Res 2021; 65:87-92. [PMID: 33817400 PMCID: PMC8009579 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic food sector and consumer interest in organic products are growing continuously. The safety and quality of such products must be at least equal to those of conventional equivalents, but attaining the same standards requires overcoming a particular problem identified in organic food production systems: the occurrence of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and pathogenic Escherichia coli. These food-borne microorganisms were detected in the production environments of such food. The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in organic livestock and products may be higher, but may also be the same as or lower than in like material from conventional farms. Furthermore, the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria was more often detected in conventional than in organic production. The aim of this review was to present the recent information on the microbiological safety of food of animal origin produced from raw materials from organic farms.
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Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy ruminants: differences in the distribution of clonal types between cattle and small ruminants. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:115-125. [PMID: 31501949 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal flora of animals, and represents one of the leading causes of contagious mastitis in dairy herds worldwide. Sixty-seven epidemiologically unrelated S. aureus isolates from nasal and mastitis milk samples of dairy-producing animals (32 cows, 25 sheep, and 10 goats) were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and spa typing followed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on representative isolates and SCCmec-typing on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. The highest resistance was observed to penicillin (64.2%, 43/67), followed by tetracycline (23.9%, 16/67), erythromycin (22.4%, 15/67), and streptomycin (17.9%, 12/67). In general, 18 spa types (including newly identified t16958) and 13 sequence types (STs) belonging to 8 clonal complexes (CCs) were detected. The cow-associated isolates were mainly assigned to CC5 (n = 18, related to t267-ST97, t521-ST352, t527-ST97, t304-ST6, and t084-ST15), followed by CC398 (n = 6, t937-ST291), CC45 (n = 3, t230-ST45), CC88 (n = 2, t2526-ST88), CC22 (n = 2, t3680-ST22), and CC522 (n = 1, t3576-ST522). Small ruminant isolates were mostly clustered into CC522 (n = 29, related to t3576, t1534, t16958, t7308, t7311, t7305 [ST522], t1534-ST2057, and t5428-ST2079). Two isolates from cows with mastitis were found to be MRSA, exhibited a composite profile of t937-ST291-SCCmecIV. No isolates carried the PVL and mecC genes. A significant difference in clonal types of S. aureus isolates from cows in comparison with those from small ruminants was found. This study demonstrated the circulation of diverse clones of S. aureus among dairy animals in Iran, with a different clonal composition between cows and small ruminants. The current study also reports MRSA-related mastitis in dairy cows, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surveillance.
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Epidemiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus Aureus in Raw Goat Milk in Shaanxi Province, China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030141. [PMID: 31500339 PMCID: PMC6783894 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk has been frequently implicated in staphylococcal food poisoning. The potential risk of raw goat milk contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Shaanxi province of China is still not well documented. This study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, as well as virulence-related genes of S. aureus from raw goat milk samples in Shaanxi, China. A total of 68 S. aureus isolates were cultured from 289 raw goat milk. Most of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and oxacillin, although 41.18%, 33.82%, and 29.41% of the isolates expressed resistance to piperacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Our data demonstrated that 91.18% of the isolates produced biofilm, of which 54.41% isolates belonged to high-biofilm producers. In addition, genotypic analysis of biofilm related genes (fnbA, clfB, fnbB, cna) revealed that 91.18% of the isolates harbored at least one of the genes, in which the most prevalent genes were fnbA (66. 17%), clfB (48.53%), and fnbB (26.47%). 94.8% of the isolates contained at least one toxin-related gene, of which seb (76.47%), tsst (36.76%), and sea (23.53%) genes were the more frequently detected. Further analysis revealed a positive association between fnbA, clfB, fnbB, seb, tsst, and sea genes and certain antibiotic resistance. The results indicated that raw goat milk samples contaminated by S. aureus can be a potential risk to public health.
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Abstract
Staphylococci have been isolated from various sites of the body of healthy sheep, as well as from many infections of those animals, the main one being mastitis. The objective of this review is to appraise the importance and significance of staphylococci in causing mastitis in ewes. The review includes a brief classification and taxonomy of staphylococci and describes the procedures for their isolation and identification, as well as their virulence determinants and the mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents. Various staphylococcal species have been implicated in staphylococcal mastitis and the characteristics of isolates are discussed with regards to potential virulence factors. Staphylococcal mastitis is explicitly described, with reference to sources of infection, the course of the disease and the relevant control measures. Finally, the potential significance of staphylococci present in ewes' milk for public health is discussed briefly.
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KARABASANAVAR NS, RADDER SK, SIVARAMAN GK. Field level interventions on subclinical mastitis and detection of Staphylococcus in crossbred dairy cows. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i7.92011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis has emerged as one of the major managemental diseases of economic importance of high yielding dairy cows. A cross sectional study was carried out on 116 cross-bred dairy cows of small scale dairy farms; subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 22 animals (cow-wise prevalence, 18.96%). Of the 88 individual quarter’s milk tested using California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) tests, 51 quarters showed SCM (quarterwise prevalence, 57.9%). Quarter-wise prevalence of SCM was 29.4, 31.4, 23.5 and 15.7% in right-fore (RF), right-hind (RH), left-fore (LF) and left-hind (LH) quarters, respectively. Fore-(52.9%) and right-(60.8%) quarters showed higher prevalence of SCM than hind-(47.1%) and left-(39.2%) quarters. All 4 quarters were found affected with SCM in 47% cows followed by 3-(23.5%), 1-(17.6%) and 2-(11.8%) quarters. Staphylococci were isolated and confirmed using 16S rRNA gene based genus-specific PCR in 39.2% of SCM affected quarters. Virulence associated nuc gene was detected in 75% of Staphylococcus isolates indicating their potential pathogenicity. Antibiogram showed multiple drug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial category) in 63.6% of Staphylococci. Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) was recorded in 31.8% isolates. However, none of the isolate carried mecA gene. Interventions, viz. clean milk production practices, antimicrobial therapy and non-specific supportive treatments resulted in 77.7, 50 and 38.8% reductions in SCM compared to the untreated control (37.5%). This study accentuated higher prevalence of SCM among dairy cattle and predominance of Staphylococcus as the major mastitogen. Early detection and management of SCM among dairy cattle is recommended so as to prevent its progression to clinical illness and curtail potential economic loss to farmers.
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Hosseinzadeh S, Dastmalchi Saei H. Staphylococcal species associated with bovine mastitis in the North West of Iran: Emerging of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Habib Dastmalchi Saei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O. Box 1177, Urmia, Iran
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Vasileiou NGC, Sarrou S, Papagiannitsis C, Chatzopoulos DC, Malli E, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Antimicrobial Agent Susceptibility and Typing of Staphylococcal Isolates from Subclinical Mastitis in Ewes. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1099-1110. [PMID: 31009324 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective was to study susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 142 staphylococcal isolates from subclinical mastitis in ewes. In total, 41.5% of these were resistant and 5.6% multidrug resistant. More coagulase-negative staphylococci (47.0%) were resistant than Staphylococcus aureus (18.5%) isolates. Resistance was greater to penicillin (22.5%), tetracycline, or ampicillin (18.3%). More biofilm-forming (20.6%) isolates were resistant to tetracycline than nonbiofilm-forming (0.0%) ones. Presence of tetK was associated with presence of icaA in the same strains. Further, 76.6% of resistant isolates versus 57.7% of susceptible ones were recovered immediately postpartum and 23.4% of resistant isolates versus 9.9% of susceptible ones were recovered in farms that practiced routine administration of antimicrobial agents at the end of a lactation period. Most S. aureus (59.3%) were classified in ST133 and most Staphylococcus epidermidis were classified in ST100, ST142, or ST152 (19.0% each). There was no association of sequence types with resistance. Whole genome sequencing showed that, in a Staphylococcus lentus strain, the ermB gene was part of transposon Tn917 integrated into the chromosome; also, a small plasmid was observed in an ermC-carrying Staphylococcus hominis strain and, finally, in an S. aureus and an S. epidermidis strains, small tetK-carrying plasmids (pSau-2716Lar, pSau-3893Lar) of 4.439 kb were found.
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Comprehensive Virulence Gene Profiling of Bovine Non- aureus Staphylococci Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Data. mSystems 2019; 4:mSystems00098-18. [PMID: 30863792 PMCID: PMC6401416 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00098-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens from milk in dairy cattle worldwide. The virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms by which these bacteria cause udder infection are not fully known. We determined the distribution and associations of 191 VFs in 25 NAS species and investigated the relationship between VFs and disease. Although the overall number of VFs was not associated with disease severity, increasing numbers of toxin and host immune evasion genes specifically were associated with more severe disease outcomes. These findings suggest that the development of disease and the interactions of VFs with the host are complex and determined by the interplay of genes rather than just the presence of virulence genes. Together, our results provide foundational genetic knowledge to other researchers to design and conduct further experiments, focusing on understanding the synergy between VFs and roles of individual NAS species in IMI and characterizing species-specific effects on udder health. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens from intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cattle. Virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms by which NAS cause IMI are not fully known. Herein, we analyzed the distribution of 191 VFs in 441 genomes of 25 NAS species, after classifying VFs into functional categories: adherence (n = 28), exoenzymes (n = 21), immune evasion (n = 20), iron metabolism (n = 29), and toxins (n = 93). In addition to establishing VF gene profiles, associations of VF genes between and among functional categories were computed, revealing distinctive patterns of association among VFs for various NAS species. Associations were also computed for low, medium, and high somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis (CM) isolates, demonstrating distinctive patterns of associations for low SCC and CM isolates, but no differences between high SCC and CM isolates. To determine whether VF distributions had any association with SCC or CM, various clustering approaches, including complete linkages, Ward clustering, and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, were applied. However, no clustering of isolates representing low SCC, medium SCC, or high SCC or CM was identified. Regression analysis to test for associations with individual VF functional categories demonstrated that each additional toxin and host immune evasion gene increased the odds of having high SCC or CM, although an overall increase in the number of VFs was not associated with increased SCC or occurrence of CM. In conclusion, we established comprehensive VF gene profiling, determined VF gene distributions and associations, calculated pathogenic potentials of all NAS species, and detected no clear link between VF genes and mastitis. IMPORTANCE Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens from milk in dairy cattle worldwide. The virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms by which these bacteria cause udder infection are not fully known. We determined the distribution and associations of 191 VFs in 25 NAS species and investigated the relationship between VFs and disease. Although the overall number of VFs was not associated with disease severity, increasing numbers of toxin and host immune evasion genes specifically were associated with more severe disease outcomes. These findings suggest that the development of disease and the interactions of VFs with the host are complex and determined by the interplay of genes rather than just the presence of virulence genes. Together, our results provide foundational genetic knowledge to other researchers to design and conduct further experiments, focusing on understanding the synergy between VFs and roles of individual NAS species in IMI and characterizing species-specific effects on udder health.
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15
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Rahmdel S, Hosseinzadeh S, Shekarforoush SS, Torriani S, Gatto V, Pashangeh S. Safety hazards in bacteriocinogenic Staphylococcus strains isolated from goat and sheep milk. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:100-108. [PMID: 29355699 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 28 bacteriocinogenic Staphylococcus strains isolated from goat and sheep milk were subjected to the PCR detection of enterotoxin genes (sea-see), enterotoxin-like toxin Q gene (selq), toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tst1), and antibiotic resistance genes. They were also evaluated for phenotypic resistance against 10 antibiotics and hemolytic activity. The tyramine and histamine production was investigated using the agar plate assay and capillary zone electrophoretic analysis (CZE). Twenty-five isolates harbored at least one enterotoxin gene. The gene sec was the most frequent (89%). The gene tst1 was found in 84% of sec-positive isolates. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes was in the order of blaZ/tetK (100%), mecA/ermB (86%), ermC (50%), and tetM (18%). The genes ermA, aac(6')Ie-aph(2″)Ia, vanA, and vanB were absent in all the isolates. Nineteen isolates were phenotypically susceptible to all the antibiotics. The only isolate with phenotypic resistance to penicillin G and oxacillin was S. epidermidis 4S93 which had a different SmaI-PFGE profile from those of the other S. epidermidis strains. All the S. haemolyticus and S. pseudintermedius isolates were not susceptible to trimethoprim. Twenty-five isolates showed complete or partial hemolytic activity. None of the isolates was able to decarboxylate tyrosine, while CZE analysis revealed histamine formation activity in S. haemolyticus 4S12. The occurrence of safety risks in the isolates reinforces the need for regular monitoring of food-producing animals to mitigate the risks of multidrug resistant and zoonotic pathogens. Moreover, none of the isolates fulfilled the safety criteria to be used as starter cultures or biopreservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Rahmdel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sandra Torriani
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronica Gatto
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Safoora Pashangeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Zhou Z, Zhang M, Li H, Yang H, Li X, Song X, Wang Z. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goats in Chongqing, China. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:352. [PMID: 29178873 PMCID: PMC5702051 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is an important zoonotic pathogen which not only causes significant economic loss in livestock production but also poses a potential threat to public health. Compared with bovine and swine, the information on the colonization of S. aureus in goats is very limited. To understand the prevalence and characteristics of S. aureus in goats, we used the nasal swabs collected from apparently healthy goats to isolate S. aureus, and tested their antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene carrying levels, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS In 74 nasal swabs of apparently healthy goats, 32 (43.24%) S. aureus strains were isolated and identified, most of which were susceptible to many antibiotics, except for trimethoprim, furazolidone, amoxicillin, lincomycin and roxithromycin, and the resistance incidence of which were 50%, 40.63%, 37.5%, 28.13%, and 21.88% respectively. All the isolates were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and mecA-negative. Enterotoxin genes were found in 53.13% of the strains. Of which, sej was the most prevalent (21.88%), followed by seb, sec, and see with the same level (18.75%). The most prevalent combination were seb + see and seb + tst. None of the S. aureus isolates harbored sea, sed, seh, eta and etb. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed 6 new alleles (aroe-552, aroe-553, glpf-500, pta-440, yqil-482 and yqil-496) and 5 new sequence types (STs) (3431,3440,3444,3445 and 3461). Using eBURST, the 5 STs were assigned to clonal complex 522 (CC522) and a further CC with no predicted ancestor. Phylogenetic analysis of seven concatenated MLST alleles revealed that the 5 STs were grouped into cluster I composed of S. aureus mainly from goats and sheep. CONCLUSION We provide the data for prevalence of S. aureus in goats in Chongqing municipality and their characterization which will help in tracking evolution of epidemic strains and their control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyong Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hexian Li
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Haoyue Yang
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Veterinary Science Engineering Research Center of Chongqing, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang District, Chongqing, 402460, China
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17
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Kulangara V, Nair N, Sivasailam A, Sasidharan S, Kollannur JD, Syam R. Genotypic and phenotypic β-lactam resistance and presence of PVL gene in Staphylococci from dry bovine udder. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187277. [PMID: 29091956 PMCID: PMC5665534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows affected with subclinical mastitis can be sources of virulent, antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococci to humans because of the excretion of the bacteria through their milk. This study focussed on the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococci isolated from dairy cows in early dry period. Among 96 isolates of Gram positive cocci from 157 cows, 76 were identified as Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and the remaining 20 were Staphylococcus aureus. Typical amplicons of coagulase gene were obtained for all 20 samples of S. aureus with three major coagulase types being identified as giving 627 bp (40%), 910 bp (35%) and 710 bp (25%) long PCR products. The groEL gene was amplified in PCR of all 76 isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci, and incubation of PCR products with restriction enzyme PvuII yielded three distinct PCR-RFLP fragment patterns bearing resemblance to S. chromogenes and S. hyicus. Highest sensitivity of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci was noted for Azithromycin (92.5%) and the least to Tetracyclines (76.3%), whereas for S. aureus, it was Cefoperazone (95%) and Azithromycin (72.2%) respectively. Phenotypic resistance to Oxacillin (25 isolates), and Cefoxitin (11 isolates) was detected by dilution method with a commercial strip (Ezy MICTM). Genotypic resistance to β-Lactam antibiotics was found in 65 (34 with mecA gene and 31 with blaZ gene) isolates. Eighteen isolates possessed both the genes, with the PVL gene for virulence being detected in five of them. Nine isolates which had mecA gene were phenotypically susceptible to oxacillin while phenotypic resistance to oxacillin was observed in seven isolates that did not have either mecA or blaZ gene. This is the first report of persistent Staphylococcal infections possessing PVL gene and high level of genotypic resistance to β-Lactam antibiotics in small- holder dairy cattle from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar Kulangara
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Neetha Nair
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Asok Sivasailam
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Suchithra Sasidharan
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Justin Davis Kollannur
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Radhika Syam
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Giacinti G, Carfora V, Caprioli A, Sagrafoli D, Marri N, Giangolini G, Amoruso R, Iurescia M, Stravino F, Dottarelli S, Feltrin F, Franco A, Amatiste S, Battisti A. Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecA or mecC and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy sheep farms in central Italy. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7857-7863. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Jans C, Merz A, Johler S, Younan M, Tanner SA, Kaindi DWM, Wangoh J, Bonfoh B, Meile L, Tasara T. East and West African milk products are reservoirs for human and livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:64-73. [PMID: 28400021 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus frequently isolated from milk products in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a major pathogen responsible for food intoxication, human and animal diseases. SSA hospital-derived strains are well studied but data on the population structure of foodborne S. aureus required to identify possible staphylococcal food poisoning sources is lacking. Therefore, the aim was to assess the population genetic structure, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes associated with milk-derived S. aureus isolates from Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya and Somalia through spa-typing, MLST, and DNA microarray analysis. Seventy milk S. aureus isolates from the three countries were assigned to 27 spa (7 new) and 23 (12 new) MLST sequence types. Milk-associated S. aureus of the three countries is genetically diverse comprising human and livestock-associated clonal complexes (CCs) predominated by the CC5 (n = 10) and CC30 (n = 9) isolates. Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin and enterotoxin encoding genes were predominantly observed among human-associated CCs. Penicillin, fosfomycin and tetracycline, but not methicillin resistance genes were frequently detected. Our findings indicate that milk-associated S. aureus in SSA originates from human and animal sources alike highlighting the need for an overarching One Health approach to reduce S. aureus disease burdens through improving production processes, animal care and hygienic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Merz
- University of Zurich, Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Johler
- University of Zurich, Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Younan
- Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Germany, P.O. Box 25653, 00603 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sabine A Tanner
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dasel Wambua Mulwa Kaindi
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Wangoh
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS), KM 17 route de Dabou, Adiopodoumé Yopougon, Abidjan - 01, B.P. 1303 Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Leo Meile
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, LFV C22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- University of Zurich, Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profiling of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Milk in Bihar. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.10.4.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Gharsa H, Ben Slama K, Gómez-Sanz E, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Messadi L, Boudabous A, Torres C. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from nasal samples of healthy farm animals and pets in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 15:109-15. [PMID: 25700041 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 261 healthy farm and pet animals (75 cattle, 52 goats, 100 dogs, and 34 cats) from different regions of Tunisia were screened for Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage. Molecular typing of isolates (by spa- and multilocus sequence-typing) was performed, and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes were determined by PCR and sequencing. S. aureus isolates were detected in 17 of 261 tested samples (6.5%). All S. aureus isolates recovered were methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), and one isolate/sample was further studied. Eight different spa types were detected (t189, t279, t582, t701, t1166, t1268, t1534, and t1773), and eight different sequence types were identified (ST6, ST15, ST45, ST133, ST188, ST700 [clonal complex CC130], ST2057, and a new ST2121). MSSA from pets (six isolates) showed resistance to (number of isolates, resistance gene): penicillin (six, blaZ), tetracycline (one, tet[M]), erythromycin one, erm[A]), streptomycin (one, ant[6]-Ia), and ciprofloxacin (one). All isolates from farm animals showed susceptibility to the tested antimicrobials, except for two penicillin-resistant isolates. Five S. aureus isolates from goats and cats harbored the lukF/lukS-PV genes, encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and six isolates from goats harbored the tst virulence gene. In addition, diverse combinations of enterotoxin genes were detected, including two variants of the egc cluster. Goats and cats could represent a reservoir of important toxin genes, with potential implications in animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haythem Gharsa
- 1 Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
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22
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Xing X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Wang X, Ge W, Wu C. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goat milk powder processing plants. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Elsayed MS, Mahmoud El-Bagoury AE, Dawoud MA. Phenotypic and genotypic detection of virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis in cattle and water buffaloes from different farms of Sadat City in Egypt. Vet World 2015; 8:1051-8. [PMID: 27047197 PMCID: PMC4774771 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1051-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and subclinical mastitis and identify virulence factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and two milk samples were collected, 143 from mastitic cattle and buffaloes 94 and 49, respectively, and 59 from apparently healthy cattle and buffaloes 35 and 24, respectively. RESULTS California mastitis test was applied and positive prevalence were 91.48% and 75.51% for cattle and buffalo with clinical mastitis and 37.14% and 45.83% for cattle and buffalo with subclinical mastitis. S. aureus was isolated from clinically mastitic cattle and buffaloes were 39.29% and 50%, respectively. While, from subclinical mastitic cattle and buffaloes were 80% and 72.73%, respectively. Hemolytic activity was assessed for S. aureus isolated from clinically and subclinical mastitic cases with prevalences of 100% and 56.25%, respectively. Thermo nuclease production from clinically and subclinical mastitic cases was 25% and 56.25%, respectively. Simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conducted on S. aureus using 16S rRNA, clumping factor A, Panton valentine leukocidin, coagulase (Coa), alpha-hemolysin and beta-hemolysin those proved existence in 100%, 46.9%, 65.6%, 100%, 34.4%, and 43.75% of the isolates, respectively. While, multiplex PCR is utilized for detection of enterotoxins and proved that 12.5% was positive for enterotoxine Type D. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that simplex and multiplex PCR assays can be used as rapid and sensitive diagnostic tools to detect the presence of S. aureus and characterize its virulence factors that help in detection of severity of infection, distribution and stating preventive and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sabry Elsayed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Abdallah Dawoud
- Library of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
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24
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Martins KB, Faccioli-Martins PY, Riboli DFM, Pereira VC, Fernandes S, Oliveira AA, Dantas A, Zafalon LF, da Cunha MDLRDS. Clonal profile, virulence and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:535-43. [PMID: 26273271 PMCID: PMC4507548 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246220131164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the clonal profile, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, particularly oxacillin resistance, of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk. Milk samples were collected from all teats for the California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell count, identification of S. aureus, investigation in these strains of genes encoding toxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, tst), biofilm (icaA, icaC, icaD, bap), leukocidin (luk-PV) oxacillin resistance by mecA gene detection and susceptibility testing (12 antibiotics). Messenger RNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in isolates carrying toxin and biofilm genes. Biofilm formation was also evaluated phenotypically by adherence to polystyrene plates. The clonal profile of S. aureus was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 473 milk samples were collected from 242 animals on three farms and 20 S. aureus strains were isolated and none carried the mecA gene. The two sec gene-positive isolates and the isolates carrying the tst and luk-PV genes were positive by RT-PCR. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the three flocks studied showed high susceptibility to the drugs tested and none was biofilm producer, indicating that biofilm formation was not a virulence factor causing infection by these strains. The typing of 17 S. aureus isolates revealed the presence of a common clone on the three farms studied, and the presence and expression of the sec and tst genes in one strain of this clone suggest the possible acquisition of virulence genes by this clone, a fact that is important for animal health and food hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne Benini Martins
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Yoshida Faccioli-Martins
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flávio Moraes Riboli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e
Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de
Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline A. Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e
Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de
Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane Dantas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e
Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de
Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de
Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Francisco Zafalon
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brasil, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de
Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia e
Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia,
Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita
Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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25
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Species Diversity and Pheno- and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Staphylococci Isolated from Retail Ground Meats. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M1291-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Rola JG, Sosnowski M, Ostrowska M, Osek J. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from raw goat milk. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Detection of stapylococcal enterotoxin, methicillin-resistant and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cows and ewes with subclinical mastitis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:369-75. [PMID: 22160510 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most prevalent mastitis pathogens. However, virulence characteristics of CNS have not been well determined. The presence of genes for enterotoxins (sea-sej), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), the exfoliative toxins (eta, etb), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and mecA of CNS species isolated from cows and ewes with subclinical mastitis was investigated in this study. A total of 121 CNS (81 cows, 40 ewes) representing 18 different Staphylococci species were examined by PCR, and 38.1% (33 cows and 13 ewes) of CNS isolates had one or more se genes. The difference between percentages for SE toxin genes of CNS strains isolated from cows (40.7%) and ewes (32.5%) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05; χ(2) = 0.380). It was found that S. simulans isolates had the highest prevalent se genes. Furthermore, the most common SE gene types was seh-sej. In this study, none of the isolates harbored the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tsst) and the exfoliative toxin genes (eta, etb). Five cow (6.17%) and three ewe CNS (7.5%) isolates had mecA gene. Three cow (3.7%) and two ewe CNS (5.0%) isolates had pvl gene. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS species isolated from cows and ewes could serve as potential reservoir of se, mecA, and pvl genes.
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Barlow J. Mastitis therapy and antimicrobial susceptibility: a multispecies review with a focus on antibiotic treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:383-407. [PMID: 21984469 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis occurs in numerous species. Antimicrobial agents are used for treatment of infectious mastitis in dairy cattle, other livestock, companion animals, and humans. Mastitis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle and most mastitis research has focused on epidemiology and control of bovine mastitis. Antibiotic treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle is an established component of mastitis control programs. Research on the treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in other dairy species such as sheep and goats has been less frequent, although the general principles of mastitis therapy in small ruminants are similar to those of dairy cattle. Research on treatment of clinical mastitis in humans is limited and as for other species empirical treatment of mastitis appears to be common. While antimicrobial susceptibility testing is recommended to direct treatment decisions in many clinical settings, the use of susceptibility testing for antibiotic selection for mastitis treatments of dairy cattle has been challenged in a number of publications. The principle objective of this review is to summarize the literature evaluating the question, "Does antimicrobial susceptibility predict treatment outcome for intramammary infections caused by common bacterial pathogens?" This review also addresses current issues related to antimicrobial use and treatment decisions for mastitis in dairy cattle. Information on treatment of mastitis in other species, including humans, is included although research appears to be limited. Issues related to study design, gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for future research are identified for bovine mastitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Barlow
- Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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