1
|
Chauhan RP, Gordon ML. A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050355. [PMID: 32397138 PMCID: PMC7281378 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The global anxiety and a significant threat to public health due to the current COVID-19 pandemic reiterate the need for active surveillance for the zoonotic virus diseases of pandemic potential. Influenza virus due to its wide host range and zoonotic potential poses such a significant threat to public health. Swine serve as a “mixing vessel” for influenza virus reassortment and evolution which as a result may facilitate the emergence of new strains or subtypes of zoonotic potential. In this context, the currently available scientific data hold a high significance to unravel influenza virus epidemiology and evolution. With this objective, the current systematic review summarizes the original research articles and case reports of all the four types of influenza viruses reported in swine populations worldwide. A total of 281 articles were found eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and hence were included in this systematic review. The highest number of research articles (n = 107) were reported from Asia, followed by Americas (n = 97), Europe (n = 55), Africa (n = 18), and Australia (n = 4). The H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were the most common influenza A virus subtypes reported in swine in most countries across the globe, however, few strains of influenza B, C, and D viruses were also reported in certain countries. Multiple reports of the avian influenza virus strains documented in the last two decades in swine in China, the United States, Canada, South Korea, Nigeria, and Egypt provided the evidence of interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from birds to swine. Inter-species transmission of equine influenza virus H3N8 from horse to swine in China expanded the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. Additionally, numerous reports of the double and triple-reassortant strains which emerged due to reassortments among avian, human, and swine strains within swine further increased the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. These findings are alarming hence active surveillance should be in place to prevent future influenza pandemics.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang Q, Baloch AR, Zhou J, Ma J, Kashif J, Xu G, Wang L, Fan J, Cui Y, Yu S. First detection and genetic characterization of ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 and ungulate tetraparvovirus 4 in special livestock on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Virol J 2019; 16:56. [PMID: 31046791 PMCID: PMC6498466 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraparvovirus, formerly known as Partetravirus, is a newly discovered genus in the family Parvoviridae that is considered phylogenetically distinct from other parvoviruses. However, nothing is known about the prevalence of Tetraparvovirus in special livestock living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, such as Tibetan pigs and Tibetan sheep. A pair of special primers was designed based on the conserved regions in the genome of ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 (P-PARV4) and ungulate tetraparvovirus 4 (O-PARV4) and was used to detect P-PARV4 in domestic pigs and Tibetan pigs and O-PARV4 in ovines and Tibetan sheep. The results showed a 15.59 and 9.38% prevalence of P-PARV4 in domestic pigs (18.96% in Gansu Province and 11.76% in Qinghai Province) and Tibetan pigs (14.28% in Gansu Province and 4.44% in Qinghai Province), respectively, and a 7.31 and 5.20% prevalence of O-PARV4 in ovines (6.61% in Gansu Province and 8.00% in Qinghai Province) and Tibetan sheep (4.55% in Gansu Province and 5.50% in Qinghai Province), respectively. The prevalence of P-PARV4 was 14.76% (31/210) for ≤1-month-old pigs and 10.58% (20/189) for > 1-month-old pigs, and the positive rates of O-PARV4 were 7.65% (18/235) for ≤1-month-old sheep and 5.05% (11/218) for > 1-month-old sheep. The phylogenetic analysis of NS1, VP1, VP2 and the whole PARV4-related provirus genome demonstrated that both P-PARV4 and O-PARV4 sequences in this study were more closely related to the sequences of other strains discovered in the same genus of animals. The identity analyses for the full-length VP2 genomes of O-PARV4 revealed 98.84–100.00% sequence identity among the 7 strains and the previously reported strain, which was 98.60–99.28% for P-PARV4. In the present study, for the first time, we have provided comprehensive information regarding the widespread infection of P-PARV4 and O-PARV4 in special livestock on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Our present findings highlight the importance of epidemiologic surveillance to limit the spread of Tetraparvovirus in livestock at high altitudes in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Pan
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Anning Branch Lanzhou Genegal Hospital, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jun Zhou
- Animal Health and Epidemiology Center in Chengguang District, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Animal Health and Epidemiology Center in Chengguang District, Lanzhou, 73000, China
| | - Jam Kashif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Gengquan Xu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Libin Wang
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jiangfeng Fan
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang QL, Nie LB, Zou Y, Hou JL, Chen XQ, Bai MJ, Gao YH, Hu GX, Zhu XQ. Serological evidence of hepatitis E virus and influenza A virus infection in farmed wild boars in China. Acta Trop 2019; 192:87-90. [PMID: 30738024 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and influenza A virus (IAV) are two important pathogens which can infect humans and various animals causing public health problems. In this study, the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HEV and IAV infection in farmed wild boars were investigated in China. A total of 758 serum samples were collected from farmed wild boars between 2015 and 2016, and antibodies against HEV and IAV were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available kits. The overall prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies was 24.54% (186/758, 95% CI 21.48-27.60) in farmed wild boars. There were statistically significant differences in the HEV seroprevalence in farmed wild boars of different ages (<22 days: 8.33%; 22-66 days: 18.89%; >66 days: 26.36%) (P < 0.05) and different genders (50.00% in male and 23.49% in female) (P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the HEV seroprevalence in farmed wild boars of different regions and different years. The overall IAV seroprevalence was 5.80% (44/758, 95% CI 4.14-7.46), and there was no statistically significant difference in the IAV seroprevalence in farmed wild boars of different ages and genders, collected from different regions and different years. Our results indicate that HEV and IAV infections in farmed wild boars may pose a potential risk for human infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HEV and IAV seroprevalence in farmed wild boars in China, which provides baseline data for further studies and for control of HEV and IAV infection in farmed wild boars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Bi Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Hang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Xue Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kong X, Dong X, Yang S, Qian J, Yang J, Jiang Q, Li X, Wang B, Yan D, Lu S, Zhu L, Li G, Li M, Yi S, Deng M, Sun L, Zhou X, Mao H, Gou X. Natural selection on TMPRSS6 associated with the blunted erythropoiesis and improved blood viscosity in Tibetan pigs. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 233:11-22. [PMID: 30885835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan pigs, indigenous to Tibetan plateau, are well adapted to hypoxia. So far, there have been not any definitively described genes and functional sites responsible for hypoxia adaptation for the Tibetan pig. The whole genome-wide association studies in human suggested that genetic variations in TMPRSS6 was associated with hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and red cell counts (RBC). Here we conducted resequencing of the nearly entire genomic region (40.1 kb) of the candidate gene TMPRSS6 in 40 domestic pigs and 40 wild boars along continuous altitudes and identified 708 SNPs, in addition to an indel (CGTG/----) in the intron 10. We conduct the CGTG indel in 838 domestic pigs, both the CGTG deletion frequency and the pairwise r2 linkage disequilibrium showed an increase with elevated altitudes, suggesting that TMPRSS6 has been under Darwinian positive selection. As the conserved core sequence of hypoxia-response elements (HREs), the deletion of CGTG in Tibetan pigs decreased the expression levels of TMPRSS6 mRNA and protein in the liver revealed by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. We compared domestic pigs and Tibetan pigs living continuous altitudes, found that the blood-related traits with the increase of altitude, however, the HGB did not increase with the elevation in Tibetan pigs. Genotype association analysis results dissected a genetic effect on reducing HGB by 13.25 g/L in Gongbo'gyamda Tibetan pigs, decreasing mean corpuscular volume (MCV) by 4.79 fl in Diqing Tibetan pigs. In conclusion, the CGTG deletion of TMPRSS6 resulted in lower HGB and smaller MCV, which could reflect a blunting erythropoiesis and improving blood viscosity as well as erythrocyte deformability. It remains to be determined whether a blunting of erythropoiesis for TMPRSS6 or others genetic effects are the physiological adaptations among Tibetan pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Kong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinxing Dong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuli Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhua Qian
- Department of Animal Science, Yuxi Agriculture Vocational-Technical College, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianfa Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingrun Li
- Department of Animal Science, Dali Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Research Experimental Center, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gen Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Minjuan Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengnan Yi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingyue Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liyuan Sun
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huaming Mao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiao Gou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Edwards J, Wang Y, Zhang G, Cai C, Zhao M, Huang B, Robertson ID. Prevalence, distribution and risk factors of farmer reported swine influenza infection in Guangdong Province, China. Prev Vet Med 2019; 167:1-8. [PMID: 31027710 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to better understand the husbandry, management and biosecurity practices of pig farms in Guangdong Province (GD), China to identify risk factors for farmer reported swine influenza (SI) on their farms. Questionnaires were administered to 153 owners/managers of piggeries (average of 7 from each of the 21 prefectures in GD). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for farmer reported SI in piggeries during the six months preceding the questionnaire administration. The ability of wild birds to enter piggeries (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.01-6.16), the presence of poultry on a pig-farm (OR 3.24, 95% CI: 1.52-6.94) and no biosecurity measures applied to workers before entry to the piggery (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.04-6.78) were found to increase the likelihood of SI being reported by farmers in a multivariable logistic regression model. The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding the local pig industry and the practices adopted when developing control measures to reduce the risk of SI to pig farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - J Edwards
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Y Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - G Zhang
- South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - C Cai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - M Zhao
- Department of Agriculture of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - B Huang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
| | - I D Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; China-Australia Joint Research and Training Center for Veterinary Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Wang Y, Baloch AR, Pan Y, Tian L, Xu F, Shivaramu S, Chen S, Zeng Q. Detection and genetic characterization of porcine deltacoronavirus in Tibetan pigs surrounding the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:363-369. [PMID: 29363281 PMCID: PMC7169672 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a recently discovered RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae and genus Deltacoronavirus. This virus causes enteric disease in piglets that is characterized by enteritis and diarrhoea. In our present investigation, 189 diarrhoeic samples were collected between July 2016 and May 2017 from Tibetan pigs inhabiting in three different provinces surrounding the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of China. We then applied the molecular‐based method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT‐PCRs) to detect the presence of PDCoV in collected samples, and RT‐PCR indicated that the prevalence of PDCoV was 3.70% (7/189) in Tibetan pigs. Four of 7 PDCoV‐positive pigs were monoinfections of PDCoV, three samples were co‐infections of PDCoV with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), and 52 (27.51%) samples were positive for PEDV. Four strains with different full‐length genomes were identified (CHN/GS/2016/1, CHN/GS/2016/2, CHN/GS‐/2017/1 and CHN/QH/2017/1), and their genomes were used to analyse the characteristics of PDCoV currently prevalent in Tibetan pigs. We found a 3‐nt insertion in the spike gene in four strains in Tibetan pigs. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and spike and nucleocapsid gene sequences revealed that these strains shared ancestors with the strain CHN‐AH‐2004, which was found in pigs from the Anhui province of China mainland. However, PDCoV strains from Tibetan pigs formed different branches within the same cluster, implying continuous evolution in the field. Our present findings highlight the importance of epidemiologic surveillance to limit the spread of PDCoV in livestock at high altitudes in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Y Wang
- Anning Branch Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - A R Baloch
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Y Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L Tian
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - S Shivaramu
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - S Chen
- Veterinary Department of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Q Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|