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Wubshet AK, Werid GM, Teklue T, Zhou L, Bayasgalan C, Tserendorj A, Liu J, Heath L, Sun Y, Ding Y, Wang W, Zaberezhny AD, Liu Y, Zhang J. Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360256. [PMID: 38903686 PMCID: PMC11187330 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several factors, such as diverse serotypes, vaccination methods, weak biosecurity, and animal movements, contribute to recurrent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) outbreaks in Africa, establishing endemicity. These outbreaks cost over $2 billion annually, prompting a high-priority focus on FMDV vaccination. Despite extensive efforts, vaccine efficacy varies. This study aims to evaluate routine foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in Africa via systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of FMDV vaccination using the meta for package of R. Results Vaccinated animals have roughly a 69.3% lower chance of FMDV infection compared to unvaccinated animals, as indicated by the pooled results from the random-effects model, which showed a risk ratio (RR) of 0.3073. There was a statistically significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05) across all of the included articles. Conclusion Overall findings suggest that if properly planned and implemented, FMDV vaccination programs and strategies in Africa could help control the spread of the disease throughout the continent and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Veterinary Basics and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | | | - Luoyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | | | - Ariunaa Tserendorj
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Alexei D. Zaberezhny
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry” (FSBSI VNITIBP), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Compston P, Limon G, Sangula A, Onono J, King DP, Häsler B. Understanding what shapes disease control: An historical analysis of foot-and-mouth disease in Kenya. Prev Vet Med 2021; 190:105315. [PMID: 33735817 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interpreting the interplay between politics, social demographics and epidemiology is essential for understanding how a disease's occurrence and control evolve over time. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus was first detected in Kenya in 1915 and serotyped in 1932. This review aims to describe and appraise initiatives to control FMD in Kenya since its independence from British rule in 1964, using information from the scientific literature. We describe the historical dynamics of FMD epidemiology in the country and determine socio-political factors that have shaped the control strategies used. PubMed, Scopus, CAB abstracts, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to search and retrieve papers, using predetermined search criteria encompassing FMD, Kenya and disease control programme descriptors. In total 1234 papers were identified and screened for relevance using the World Health Organization's guidelines for rapid review. Ultimately 69 references from this search were included, and information extracted and consolidated. These papers highlight that following independence, there was a structured effort to control FMD consisting of a compulsory subsidised vaccination programme in the Rift Valley with movement controls and quarantine when outbreaks occurred. This programme led to an initial decrease in recorded FMD outbreaks. However, endemic circulation continued and this programme was discontinued due to multiple factors, including political deprioritisation and changes in the structure of veterinary services. Only low levels of active surveillance have been applied since 1964; most surveillance is passive and relies on outbreak reports. Currently control focuses on outbreak management and a mixture of public- and privately-funded vaccination. This review highlights critical drivers influencing disease control programme implementation including veterinary service structure, the active participation of stakeholders with farming systems and availability of affordable and matched FMD vaccine. Additionally, it appraises the availability of historical information and draws attention to gaps in the historical record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Compston
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, AL9 7TA, UK; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Georgina Limon
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, AL9 7TA, UK; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Abraham Sangula
- Foot-and-mouth Disease National Reference Laboratory, Embakasi, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Joshua Onono
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Barbara Häsler
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, AL9 7TA, UK.
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Seeyo KB, Nishi T, Kawaguchi R, Ungvanijban S, Udon R, Fukai K, Yamakawa M, Rukkwamsuk T. Evolution of antigenic and genetic characteristics of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A circulating in Thailand, 2007-2019. Virus Res 2020; 290:198166. [PMID: 32961212 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a persistent, major economic concern for livestock productivity, which is highly exacerbated by outbreaks in Thailand. FMD virus (FMDV) serotype A is more highly antigenic and genetically diverse than other serotypes, which has important implications for vaccine development as well as selection. Therefore, it is essential to continuously monitor antigenic and genetic changes of field isolates of FMDV serotype A. Here we used antisera against three vaccine strains (A/118/87, A/Sakolnakorn/97, and A/Lopburi/2012) to analyze the antigenicity of 133 field isolates of FMDV serotypes A in Thailand from 2007 to 2019. The majority of the isolates from 2007 to 2008 reacted only with the antiserum against strain A/118/87. In contrast, antigenic analysis revealed broad cross-reactivity and antigenic variations of the isolates from 2009 through 2019 against strains A/Sakolnakorn/97 and A/Lopburi/2012. These results indicate periodic changes in the antigenicity of field isolates of FMDV serotype A. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 region revealed that all isolates were of the Sea-97 lineage within the ASIA topotype. Analysis of the L-fragment genome sequences of 30 FMDV isolates collected throughout Thailand revealed highly variable amino acid sequences of VP1 and 3A, with the lowest average identity (94.56 %) and invariant (78.43 %) rates, respectively. The present findings indicate the importance of an active routine surveillance system incorporating antigenic and genetic analysis designated to continually update information about field isolates of FMDV serotype A. Such a system is essential for establishing and improving measures to control FMDV infections in Thailand and in neighboring Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingkarn Boonsuya Seeyo
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease in South East Asia, Pakchong, Nakhornratchasima, Thailand
| | - Tatsuya Nishi
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Kawaguchi
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahawatchara Ungvanijban
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease in South East Asia, Pakchong, Nakhornratchasima, Thailand
| | - Romphruke Udon
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease in South East Asia, Pakchong, Nakhornratchasima, Thailand
| | - Katsuhiko Fukai
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yamakawa
- Exotic Disease Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Theera Rukkwamsuk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kamphaen Saen, Kasetsart University, Thailand
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Yang S, Sun Y, Yang J, Liu Y, Feng H, Zhang G. A gold nanoparticle strip for simultaneously evaluating FMDV immunized antibody level and discriminating FMDV vaccinated animals from infected animals. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30164-30170. [PMID: 35530212 PMCID: PMC9072146 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04810c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A gold nanoparticle strip was developed for rapidly evaluating FMDV type O antibody level and simultaneously discriminating FMDV vaccinated animals from infected animals. The strip was established depending on the colloidal gold nanoparticle labeling technique. Staphylococcal protein A colloidal gold nanoparticles were used as a probe. The epitope antigens of FMDV structural proteins and nonstructural proteins were dispensed on a nitrocellulose membrane as two test lines, respectively, and goat anti-pig antibody IgG was used as a control line. The assay was evaluated with FMDV immunized, infected sera and positive sera for another virus. The results showed the specificities of the T1 and T2 lines were 95.17% and 100% respectively. The sensitivity was in accordance with commercial ELISA kits. The coincidence rate of the new strip with 3ABC Mab-bELISA and LPB-ELISA was 95.5% and 93.13%, respectively. In summary, this experimental strip could provide a simple, inexpensive and rapid approach for onsite detection of FMDV type O antibody level and discrimination of FMDV vaccinated from infected animals without any expensive instrument. A gold nanoparticle strip was developed for rapidly evaluating FMDV type O antibody level and simultaneously discriminating FMDV vaccinated animals from infected animals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Feng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Zhengzhou
- People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine
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Brito BP, Rodriguez LL, Hammond JM, Pinto J, Perez AM. Review of the Global Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from 2007 to 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:316-332. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Brito
- Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Greenport NY USA
| | - L. L. Rodriguez
- Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Greenport NY USA
| | - J. M. Hammond
- Centre for Animal & Plant Biosecurity; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute; Menangle NSW Australia
| | - J. Pinto
- Animal Health Service; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Rome Italy
| | - A. M. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
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Wekesa SN, Sangula AK, Belsham GJ, Tjornehoj K, Muwanika VB, Gakuya F, Mijele D, Siegismund HR. Characterisation of recent foot-and-mouth disease viruses from African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle in Kenya is consistent with independent virus populations. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:17. [PMID: 25644407 PMCID: PMC4334418 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), including roles played by different hosts, is essential for improving disease control. The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a reservoir for the SAT serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV). Large buffalo populations commonly intermingle with livestock in Kenya, yet earlier studies have focused on FMD in the domestic livestock, hence the contribution of buffalo to disease in livestock is largely unknown. This study analysed 47 epithelia collected from FMD outbreaks in Kenyan cattle between 2008 and 2012, and 102 probang and serum samples collected from buffalo in three different Kenyan ecosystems; Maasai-Mara (MME) (n = 40), Tsavo (TSE) (n = 33), and Meru (ME) (n = 29). RESULTS Antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins were found in 65 of 102 (64%) sera from buffalo with 44/102 and 53/102 also having neutralising antibodies directed against FMDV SAT 1 and SAT 2, respectively. FMDV RNA was detected in 42% of the buffalo probang samples by RT-qPCR (Cycle Threshold (Ct) ≤32). Two buffalo probang samples were positive by VI and were identified as FMDV SAT 1 and SAT 2 by Ag-ELISA, while the latter assay detected serotypes O (1), A (20), SAT 1 (7) and SAT 2 (19) in the 47 cattle epithelia. VP1 coding sequences were generated for two buffalo and 21 cattle samples. Phylogenetic analyses revealed SAT 1 and SAT 2 virus lineages within buffalo that were distinct from those detected in cattle. CONCLUSIONS We found that FMDV serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2 were circulating among cattle in Kenya and cause disease, but only SAT 1 and SAT 2 viruses were successfully isolated from clinically normal buffalo. The buffalo isolates were genetically distinct from isolates obtained from cattle. Control efforts should focus primarily on reducing FMDV circulation among livestock and limiting interaction with buffalo. Comprehensive studies incorporating additional buffalo viruses are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabenzia Nabalayo Wekesa
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Laboratory, Embakasi, P. O. Box 18021, 00500, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062/7298, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Graham J Belsham
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lindholm, DK-4771, Kalvehave, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Tjornehoj
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lindholm, DK-4771, Kalvehave, Denmark.
| | - Vincent B Muwanika
- Department of Environmental Management, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062/7298, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Francis Gakuya
- Kenya Wildlife Service, Veterinary Services Department, P.O Box 40241 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Dominic Mijele
- Kenya Wildlife Service, Veterinary Services Department, P.O Box 40241 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Hans Redlef Siegismund
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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