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Ogolla KO, Anyona DN, Chemuliti JK, Kimani WW, King’oo FM, Waweru KM, Omia DO, Nyamongo IK, Bukachi SA. Effectiveness of a community-centered Newcastle disease vaccine delivery model under paid and free vaccination frameworks in southeastern Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308088. [PMID: 39088513 PMCID: PMC11293705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the absence of effective drugs, vaccines constitute the cornerstone for the prevention of Newcastle disease (ND). Different strategies have been implemented to increase vaccination, but uptake remains low, underscoring the need for novel vaccine delivery methods. We designed and assessed the effectiveness of a community-centered ND vaccine delivery model in southeastern Kenya. Under the model, we sensitized smallholder chicken farmers (SCFs) through structured training on chicken husbandry, biosecurity, ND, and its vaccination, among other aspects. We subsequently engaged trained community vaccinators (CVs) to deliver vaccines and/or provide vaccination services to SCFs at a cost on one hand and, at no cost on the other, in selected sites to address challenges of inadequate service providers, vaccine unavailability, and inaccessibility. We tested this model under paid and free vaccination frameworks over one year and assessed the model's effect on vaccine uptake, ND-related deaths, and vaccine accessibility, among other aspects. Overall, we vaccinated more chickens at free sites compared to paid sites. However, we vaccinated a significantly higher mean number of chickens per household at paid (49.4±38.5) compared to free (28.4±25.9) sites (t = 8.4, p<0.0001). We recorded a significant increase in the proportion of SCFs who vaccinated their chickens from 31.3% to 68.4% (χ2(1, N = 399) = 58.3, p<0.0001) in paid and from 19.9% to 74.9% (χ2(1, N = 403) = 115.7, p<0.0001) in free sites pre- and post-intervention, respectively. The mean number of ND-related deaths reported per household decreased from 18.1±31.6 pre-intervention to 7.5±22.3 post-intervention (t = 5.4, p = 0.000), with higher reductions recorded in paid sites (20.9±37.7 to 4.5±11.2) compared to free sites (15.0±22.6 to 10.7±29.7) pre- and post-intervention, respectively. Farmers with access to vaccines increased significantly from 61.1% to 85.4% (χ2(1, N = 399) = 31.7, p<0.0001) in paid and 43.6% to 74.9% (χ2(1, N = 403) = 38.4, p = 0.0001) in free sites pre- and post-intervention, respectively. We established that type of intervention framework, gender of household head, if the household head attended training on chicken production in the last 12 months, access to information on ND vaccination, and the number of chickens lost to the previous ND outbreak were significant predictors of ND vaccine uptake. Our findings indicate the model has a broader reach and benefits for SCFs. However, policies should be enacted to regulate the integration of CVs into the formal animal health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy O. Ogolla
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Douglas N. Anyona
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith K. Chemuliti
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Winnie W. Kimani
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Francisca M. King’oo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Kennedy M. Waweru
- School of Business and Economics, The Cooperative University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dalmas O. Omia
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac K. Nyamongo
- Academics, Cooperative Development, Research & Innovation, The Cooperative University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Salome A. Bukachi
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Hassanzadeh M, Abedi M, Bashashati M, Yousefi AR, Abdoshah M, Mirzaie S. Evaluation of the Newcastle disease virus genotype VII-mismatched vaccines in SPF chickens: A challenge efficacy study. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100348. [PMID: 38623086 PMCID: PMC11016800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, while falling under a single serotype, are classified into distinct genotypes. Genotype VII virulent NDVs pose a significant threat to poultry due to their association with high mortality rates and economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three commercial live vaccines based on genotype II against genotype VII virulent NDV (vNDV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Forty one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and inoculated with one dose of each ND pneumotropic vaccine-B1, Clone.12IR, and La Sota-or received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control at eight days of age via eye drop. At 28 days of age (20th post-vaccination days), chickens were intramuscularly challenged with genotype VII virulent NDV (≥ 105 LD50). Serum samples were collected at 28 days of age (challenge day), 7 and 14 post-challenge days to measure NDV antibodies via the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th post-challenge days to evaluate virus shedding. Vaccinated groups exhibited significantly higher antibody titers and greater protection levels compared to the control group (P≤ 0.001). While HI antibody titer was not different at 28 and 35 days of age between vaccinated chickens, the Clone.12IR groups showed higher HI antibody titer compared to B1 at day 42 of age (9.43 vs. 7.42; P≤ 0.002). La Sota and Clone.12IR vaccines demonstrated superior protection against mortality compared to the B1 vaccine (90 %, 80% vs. 60 %, respectively) with 6.0 and 2.67 odds ratio of survivability. All three mismatched vaccines effectively curbed the shedding of virulent genotype VII NDV, with 0 % to 11 % positive cloacal samples up to the 3rd post-challenge day. These findings demonstrate that in the experimental setting, the administration of mismatched ND vaccines, particularly La Sota and Clone.12IR, confer protection against genotype VII virulent NDV and control viral shedding, which can help to develop effective vaccination strategies to mitigate the impact of vNDV outbreaks in the poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassanzadeh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 141556453, Iran
| | - Mehran Abedi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 141556453, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bashashati
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, P.O. Box 14831975, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, P.O. Box 14831975, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdoshah
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, P.O. Box 14831975, Iran
| | - Sara Mirzaie
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Institute of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
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Emeru BA, Dame DG, Desta HT. Molecular Detection and Serological Investigation of Newcastle Disease in Intensive, Semi-Intensive, and Backyard Production Systems in Central and Southwestern Areas of Ethiopia. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:141-148. [PMID: 38742180 PMCID: PMC11090124 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s445261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this research is to detect Newcastle disease virus and to assess the seropositivity among backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive farms located in central and southwestern areas of Ethiopia. Material and Methods A total of 239 oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were collected from symptomatic birds found in Holeta, Burayu, Jimma towns as well as Seka Chekorsa and Nadhigibe woredas of Jimma Zone. In addition, ninety blood samples were collected from wing veins of unvaccinated birds found in the study areas of Jimma zone. Side-by-side information related to risk factors estimated to contribute to the susceptibility of the disease was collected by interviewing owners of sampled birds. Reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect NDV. Likewise, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the seropositivity of ND. Results The proportion of samples where NDV was detected was 24.6%. Similarly, 68.9% of the sampled birds were seropositive. It was observed that adult birds were more likely to encounter the disease than youngs (OR = 11.6; 95% CI: 4.0-33.3; P = 0.000). Birds owned by respondents who leave diseased birds in the flock were more likely infected (OR = 6.2; 95% CI: 1.8-21.2; P=0.004) as compared to those isolated and mode of disposal of dead chicken significantly affect exposure (OR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.10-4.88; P = 0.044). Likewise, access to veterinary services highly likely reduces susceptibility to the disease (OR = 12.4; 95% CI: 3.2-46.9; P = 0.000). It was also found that birds farmed intensively were the most at risk (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 0.58-13.71; P = 0.199). Conclusion Detection of ND from a significant proportion of sampled birds and their high seropositivity percentage revealed the circulation of the virus in the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezina Arega Emeru
- Animal Biotechnology Research Program, National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta, Ethiopia
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Hu W, Huang K, Zhang L, Ni J, Xu W, Bi S. Immunomodulatory effect of Atractylodis macrocephala Koidz. polysaccharides in vitro. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103171. [PMID: 37925772 PMCID: PMC10652128 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is still the main method of preventing most infectious diseases, but there are inefficiencies and inaccuracies in immunization. Studies have reported that Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. polysaccharides (RAMP) have immunomodulatory effects, but the mechanisms involved in whether they can modulate the immune response in chickens are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RAMP on lymphocytes functions by analyzing cell proliferation, cell cycle, mRNA expression of cytokines and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio. To identify potential molecules involved in immune regulation, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome profiling of chicken lymphocytes. In addition, the adjuvant effect of RAMP was evaluated by detecting indicators of hemagglutination inhibition. When lymphocytes were cultured with RAMP in vitro, the proliferation rate of lymphocytes was increased (P < 0.01), more cells in S phase and G2/M phase (P < 0.01) and the mRNA expression of IFN-γ was upregulated (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of TGF-β (P < 0.01) and IL-4 (P < 0.05) was downregulated and the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was increased (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic results showed that RAMP increased the expression of HIST1H46 (P < 0.05) and CENPP (P < 0.05). Validation of qPCR showed that RAMP may play an important role in regulating cellular immunity by downregulating the Notch pathway. The results also showed that RAMP could increase the serum Newcastle disease virus antibody levels in chickens. These data suggest that RAMP could enhance immune function of lymphocytes and was a candidate vaccine adjuvant in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Ni
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Center for Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Shicheng Bi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, PR China.
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Fortin A, Laconi A, Monne I, Zohari S, Andersson K, Grund C, Cecchinato M, Crimaudo M, Valastro V, D'Amico V, Bortolami A, Gastaldelli M, Varotto M, Terregino C, Panzarin V. A novel array of real-time RT-PCR assays for the rapid pathotyping of type I avian paramyxovirus (APMV-1). J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114813. [PMID: 37722509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) caused by virulent avian paramyxovirus type I (APMV-1) is a WOAH and EU listed disease affecting poultry worldwide. ND exhibits different clinical manifestations that may either be neurological, respiratory and/or gastrointestinal, accompanied by high mortality. In contrast, mild or subclinical forms are generally caused by lentogenic APMV-1 and are not subject to notification. The rapid discrimination of virulent and avirulent viruses is paramount to limit the spread of virulent APMV-1. The appropriateness of molecular methods for APMV-1 pathotyping is often hampered by the high genetic variability of these viruses that affects sensitivity and inclusivity. This work presents a new array of real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays that enable the identification of virulent and avirulent viruses in dual mode, i.e., through pathotype-specific probes and subsequent Sanger sequencing of the amplification product. Validation was performed according to the WOAH recommendations. Performance indicators on sensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility yielded favourable results. Reproducibility highlighted the need for assays optimization whenever major changes are made to the procedure. Overall, the new RT-qPCRs showed its ability to detect and pathotype all tested APMV-1 genotypes and its suitability for routine use in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fortin
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua (Unipd), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Laconi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua (Unipd), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Siamak Zohari
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua (Unipd), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marika Crimaudo
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Viviana Valastro
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Amico
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Bortolami
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Michele Gastaldelli
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Varotto
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Panzarin
- EU/WOAH/National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, FAO Reference Centre for Animal Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
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Fagrach A, Arbani O, Karroute O, El-Ftouhy FZ, Kichou F, Bouslikhane M, Fellahi S. Prevalence of major infectious diseases in backyard chickens from rural markets in Morocco. Vet World 2023; 16:1897-1906. [PMID: 37859951 PMCID: PMC10583883 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1897-1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Raising backyard chickens is a common practice in Morocco, mainly in rural or periurban areas. Constraints due to devastating avian diseases have been recognized as a major limiting factor in backyard poultry production. Consequently, these flocks could potentially be implicated as reservoirs for poultry diseases. However, there is a considerable lack of information on disease prevalence in this production system, and the risk represented by these small flocks remains under debate. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and identify related risk factors of a range of bacterial and viral pathogens of outstanding importance for the economy and public health in backyard poultry in Morocco. Materials and Methods A total of 712 sera samples and 258 cloacal swabs were collected from 712 backyard chickens from 15 rural markets in the Khemisset and Skhirat-Temara provinces. None of the sampled chickens received any vaccination. Sera samples were screened for antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 subtype (LPAI H9N2) using a hemagglutination-inhibition test, against bursal infectious disease virus (IBDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) using a rapid serum agglutination test. Swab samples were compiled into 86 pools and submitted for molecular detection using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The seroprevalences in backyard chickens for NDV, LPAI H9N2, IBDV, IBV, MG, and MS were 52.1% (371/712), 63.5% (452/712), 84.7% (603/712), 82.2% (585/712), 58% (413/712), and 74.8% (533/712), respectively. Based on the RT-PCR results, 2.3% (2/86), 62.8% (54/86), 2.3% (2/86), 63.9% (55/86), 40.7% (35/86), and 29.1% (25/86) of the pools were positive for NDV, H9N2 LPAI, IBDV, IBV, MG, and MS, respectively. Multiple coinfections (H9N2-IBV-MG), (H9N2-IBV-MS), or (IBV-MG-MS) were observed in 15.1%, 8.5%, and 8.5% of the tested samples, respectively. Conclusion The results show that backyard chicken flocks and rural markets have the potential to serve as reservoirs or amplifiers for poultry pathogens and could pose a risk to the commercial poultry sector. This highlights the need for a comprehensive and adapted vaccination plan for backyard chickens, and extension of efforts to increase flock owners' awareness of avian diseases and incite the implementation of biosecurity measures at the farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Fagrach
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oumaima Arbani
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oumaima Karroute
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra El-Ftouhy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-food, Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Kichou
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouslikhane
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco
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Wang L, Xue Z, Wang J, Jian Y, Lu H, Ma H, Wang S, Zeng W, Zhang T. Targeted knockout of Mx in the DF-1 chicken fibroblast cell line impairs immune response against Newcastle disease virus. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102855. [PMID: 37390546 PMCID: PMC10331481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an RNA virus taking poultry as the host, and the Newcastle disease (ND) caused by NDV is one of the diseases with serious damage to the health of poultry. Mx encoding by myxovirus resistance gene, induced by type I interferon (IFN), has a wide range of antiviral and GTPase activities in human, mice, and other species via inhibition virus replication. However, the antiviral ability of chicken Mx is still a controversial issue. To explore the effect of chicken Mx post-NDV infection, Mx-knockout DF-1 cells were constructed via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. The number of copies of NDV was detected by RT-qPCR, and the mRNA expression levels of IRF-7, IFN-α, IFN-β, TNF-α, p21, p27, and Bak in DF-1 cells were analyzed after NDV infection. Compared with control cells, virus titers were much higher in Mx-knockout DF-1 cells post-NDV infection. The deficiency of Mx aggravated the cell pathological features post-NDV infection, and promoted the expression levels of IRF-7, IFN-α, IFN-β, and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in host cells. In addition, cells with Mx deficiency could alleviate the harm from virus by enhancing the expression of p21, p27, and Bak, which related to cell proliferation apoptosis. In conclusion, Mx played an important role in antivirus invasion. In the absence of Mx, cells could alleviate the harm from virus infection via retarding cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yuwen Jian
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Engineering Research Center of quality improvement and safety control of Qinba special meat products, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong 723001, China; QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Zhenba Bacon, Hanzhong 723001, China.
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Piri-Gharaghie T, Ghajari G, Lahijani NT, Pecho RDC, Hussam F, Castillo-Acobo RY, Aghassizadeh-Sherbaf M. Simultaneous and rapid detection of avian respiratory diseases of small poultry using multiplex reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102852. [PMID: 37354617 PMCID: PMC10404739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Major viral infections, such as Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian influenza virus, and infectious bursal disease virus, inflict significant injury to small poultry and tremendous economic damage to the poultry sector. This research aims to develop a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (m-RT-PCR) approach to simultaneously determine these important viral pathogens. The conserved segment of various viral genetic sequences was used to design and synthesize specific primers. Moreover, as positive controls, recombinant vectors were synthesized in this investigation. The d-optimal approach was used to improve PCR conditions in this investigation. Positive controls and clinical samples were used to assess the m-PCR assay's specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. According to the sensitivity test findings, the m-PCR technique could generate the 8 target genes from viral genomes using 1 × 102. In addition, 8 viral pathogens were detected from the infected samples. The findings also suggest that live animal oral swabs were not significantly different from tissue sampling of a dead animal (P < 0.05), and this kit had a high sensitivity for analyzing both types of samples. The suggested m-PCR test may detect and evaluate viral infection in birds with excellent specificity, sensitivity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Ghajari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fahdil Hussam
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Mona Aghassizadeh-Sherbaf
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran East Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Adam FEA, Zhao X, Guan Z, Chang Z, Thrusfield M, Lu K, El Tigani-Asil ETA, Terab AMA, Ismael M, Tong L, Prince-Theodore DW, Luo C, Xiao S, Wang X, Liu H, Yang Z. Simultaneous Expression of Chicken Granulocyte Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Epitope of the Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII C22 Strain in a Functional Synthetic Recombinant Adenovirus as a Genotype-Matched Vaccine with Potential Antiviral Activity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0402422. [PMID: 37036344 PMCID: PMC10269747 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04024-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When it comes to the prevention of clinical signs and mortality associated with infection of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), vaccination has been very effective. However, recent evidence has proven that more highly virulent strains are emerging that bypass existing immune protection and pose a serious threat to the global poultry industry. Here, a novel rescued adenovirus 5-coexpressed chicken granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (ChGM-CSF) bio-adjuvant and C22-hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) boosted chickens' immunological genetic resistance and thus improved the immunological effectiveness of the critical new-generation vaccine in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers (log2) of the recombinant adenovirus (rAdv)-ChGM-CSF-HN-immunized chickens had greater, more persistent, and longer-lasting NDV-specific antibodies than the La Sota and rAdv-HN-inoculated birds. Moreover, humoral and adaptive immunological conditions were shown to be in harmony after rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN inoculation and uniformly enhanced the expression of alpha interferon (IFN-α), IFN-β, IFN-γ, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-16, IL-18, and IL-22. Postchallenge, the control challenge (CC), wild-type adenovirus (wtAdv), and rAdv-ChGM-CSF groups developed unique NDV clinical manifestations, significant viral shedding, high tissue viral loads, gross and microscopic lesions, and 100% mortality within 7 days. The La Sota, rAdv-HN, and rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN groups were healthy and had 100% survival rates. The rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN group swiftly regulated and stopped viral shedding and had lower tissue viral loads than all groups at 5 days postchallenge (dpc). Thus, the antiviral activity of ChGM-CSF offered robust immune protection in the face of challenge and reduced viral replication convincingly. Our advance innovation concepts, combining ChGM-CSF with a field-circulating strain epitope, could lead to the development of a safe, genotype-matched, universal transgenic vaccine that could eradicate the disease globally, reducing poverty and food insecurity. IMPORTANCE We studied the biological characterization of the developed functional synthetic recombinant adenoviruses, which showed a high degree of safety, thermostability, and genetic stability for up to 20 passages. It was demonstrated through both in vitro and in vivo testing that the immunogenicity of the proposed vaccine, which uses the T2A peptide from the Thosea asigna virus capsid protein supported by glycine and serine, helps with efficiency to generate a multicistronic vector, enables expression of two functional proteins in rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN, and is superior to that of comparable vaccines. Additionally, adenovirus can be used to produce vaccines matching the virulent field-circulating strain epitope. Because there is no preexisting human adenoviral immunity detected in animals, the potency of adenoviral vaccines looks promising. Also, it ensures that the living vector does not carry the resistance gene that codes for the kanamycin antibiotic. Accordingly, a human recombinant adenoviral vaccine that has undergone biological improvements is beneficial and important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalrhman Eisa Addoma Adam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Xueliang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhengwu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Michael Thrusfield
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - El Tigani Ahmed El Tigani-Asil
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Animal Wealth Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelnasir Mohammed Adam Terab
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Animal Wealth Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamedelfateh Ismael
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Chen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Chicken-derived MERTK protein inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication by increasing STAT1 phosphorylation in DF-1 cells. Virus Res 2023; 326:199065. [PMID: 36754292 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) are transmembrane proteins associated with the regulation of the innate immune response. In this study, the role of the chicken-derived MERTK protein (chMertk) in the regulation of the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and its antiviral effect were investigated in vitro. Newcastle disease (ND) caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is able to widely spread in chickens and give rise to massive losses in the poultry industry around the world. We found that the overexpression of the exogenous chMertk upregulated the STAT1 phosphorylation and the expression of IFN-stimulated gene IFITM3 and significantly reduced the NDV titer (p < 0.05). A mutation assay showed that three tyrosine residues (Y739, Y743, and Y744) in chMertk promoted STAT1 phosphorylation and inhibited NDV replication. However, the chicken-derived E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL significantly negatively regulated chMertk expression, thus attenuating STAT1 phosphorylation. chMertk function was restored by the ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor MG132, demonstrating that chMertk was controlled by Casitas B-lineage proto-oncogene (CBL) ubiquitination and degradation. Together, these results suggested that chMertk participated in regulating the immune responses to NDV infection, and that CBL significantly downregulated the expression of chMertk through its ubiquitination and degradation, to maintain cellular homeostasis. Overall, our study provided new insights into the role of chMertk in regulating the innate immune response and its anti-NDV activity.
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Smith T, O’Kennedy MM, Ross CS, Lewis NS, Abolnik C. The production of Newcastle disease virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana as potential vaccines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130910. [PMID: 36875611 PMCID: PMC9978804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral respiratory and neurological disease that has a severe impact on poultry production worldwide. In the present study, an expression platform was established for the transient production in N.bethamiana of ND virus-like particles (VLPs) for use as vaccines against ND. The expression of the ND Fusion (F) and/or Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of a genotype VII.2 strain formed ND VLPs in planta as visualized under the transmission electron microscope, and HN-containing VLPs agglutinated chicken erythrocytes with hemagglutination (HA) titres of up to 13 log2.The immunogenicity of the partially-purified ND VLPs was confirmed in specific-pathogen-free White leghorn chickens. Birds receiving a single intramuscular immunization with 1024 HA units (10 log2) of the F/HN ND VLPs administered with 20% [v/v] Emulsigen®-P adjuvant, seroconverted after 14 days with F- and HN-specific antibodies at ELISA titres of 5705.17 and HI geometric mean titres (GMTs) of 6.2 log2, respectively. Furthermore, these ND-specific antibodies successfully inhibited viral replication in vitro of two antigenically closely-related ND virus isolates, with virus-neutralization test GMTs of 3.47 and 3.4, respectively. Plant-produced ND VLPs have great potential as antigen-matched vaccines for poultry and other avian species that are highly immunogenic, cost-effective, and facilitate prompt updating to ensure improved protection against emerging ND field viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Smith
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, Pretoria, South Africa
- Next Generation Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martha M. O’Kennedy
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, Pretoria, South Africa
- Next Generation Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Craig S. Ross
- Avian Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola S. Lewis
- Avian Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, Pretoria, South Africa
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Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Lateral Flow Assay Strip for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020152. [PMID: 36851456 PMCID: PMC9966506 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute septicemic infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Considering that vaccination is currently the main modality for the prevention of ND, it is essential to assess the effectiveness of clinical immunization. In this study, we have developed a blocking lateral flow assay (bLFA) strip for the rapid detection of NDV antibodies using the monoclonal antibody 9C1 against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), which allows for the determination of an NDV-specific antibody titer within 10 min at room temperature. In addition, the bLFA strip has no cross-reactivity with the positive serum of other avian pathogens including avian influenza subtypes H5, H7, and H9, MD, IBD, IB, EDS, and avian adenovirus. The ability of the bLFA strip for detecting a neutralizing antibody was also estimated. The results showed that the chicken NDV hyperimmunized serum had a complete blocking (100%) titer of 11 log 2, and half-blocking titer of 13 log 2, which are 4 times less than and the same as that of the HI test (13 log 2), and 8 and 2 times less than that of the VN test (14 log 2), respectively. A total of 510 clinical samples were tested for NDV antibodies. The coincidence rate between the results of the bLFA strip and HI test was 97.65%. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative method for assessing the clinical immunity of ND vaccines in the field in real-time.
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Lu S, Ma B, Zhou H, Li Y, Qiao Z, Xiao T, Li H, Wang B, Cui M, Zhang S, Chang J, Du T, Liu J, Wang H. Smartphone recognition-based immune microparticles for rapid on-site visual data-sharing detection of Newcastle disease virus. Talanta 2023; 252:123845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Hu Z, He X, Deng J, Hu J, Liu X. Current situation and future direction of Newcastle disease vaccines. Vet Res 2022; 53:99. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most economically devastating infectious diseases affecting the poultry industry. Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause high mortality and severe tissue lesions in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, reproductive and immune systems of poultry. Tremendous progress has been made in preventing morbidity and mortality caused by ND based on strict biosecurity and wide vaccine application. In recent decades, the continual evolution of NDV has resulted in a total of twenty genotypes, and genetic variation may be associated with disease outbreaks in vaccinated chickens. In some countries, the administration of genotype-matched novel vaccines in poultry successfully suppresses the circulation of virulent NDV strains in the field. However, virulent NDV is still endemic in many regions of the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries, impacting the livelihood of millions of people dependent on poultry for food. In ND-endemic countries, although vaccination is implemented for disease control, the lack of genotype-matched vaccines that can reduce virus infection and transmission as well as the inadequate administration of vaccines in the field undermines the effectiveness of vaccination. Dissection of the profiles of existing ND vaccines is fundamental for establishing proper vaccination regimes and developing next-generation vaccines. Therefore, in this article, we provide a broad review of commercial and experimental ND vaccines and promising new platforms for the development of next-generation vaccines.
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15
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Singh V, Eljaaly K, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Kesharwani P. Triblock copolymeric drug delivery as an emerging nanocarrier for treatment of infectious diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Vaccination of household chickens results in a shift in young children's diet and improves child growth in rural Kenya. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122389119. [PMID: 35666875 PMCID: PMC9214528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122389119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, controlled trial demonstrates that by relieving a constraint on household nutritional assets, here through reducing chicken mortality through vaccination, households make dietary choices for young children that increase consumption of protein- and micronutrient-rich foods and decrease relative consumption of high-carbohydrate, low-protein grains. The study provides causal evidence that this shift in diet results in improved height for age, a key measure of childhood stunting. Given the high prevalence of childhood growth failure in rural Africa, these results highlight the potential to increase the utility of a common household animal asset to reduce the burden of childhood stunting in these communities. Childhood growth faltering remains unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa. Rural communities dependent on household food production with limited off-farm income or liquid assets to bridge seasonal food availability are especially vulnerable. A cross-sectional survey in Siaya County, Kenya identified 23.5 and 4.8% of children under 5 y of age as stunted and wasted, respectively, using height-for-age Z (HAZ) scores to detect stunting and weight-for-height Z (WHZ) scores for wasting. Although these households are classified as living in poverty or extreme poverty with very limited off-farm income, households commonly have on-farm resources that could be developed to improve nutrition. While 95% of these households have chickens and consumption of eggs was shown to increase childhood growth by an average of 5%, the average flock size is small and constrained by high mortality due to infectious disease. We hypothesized that interventions to relieve this constraint would translate into household decisions influencing the diets and growth of children. Here, we show that vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease has a causal impact on children’s consumption of animal source foods rich in protein and micronutrients relative to a high-carbohydrate, grain-based diet. Children in treatment households (chicken vaccination) showed overall increases in scores for both HAZ and WHZ relative to control households, benefiting both girls and boys. The findings demonstrate the impact of directing interventions at common on-farm assets managed by women in rural communities and support programs to enhance productivity at the household level.
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Puro K, Sen A. Newcastle Disease in Backyard Poultry Rearing in the Northeastern States of India: Challenges and Control Strategies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:799813. [PMID: 35464373 PMCID: PMC9021565 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.799813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Honeysuckle (Lonicer japonica Thunb.) against Newcastle Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9265094. [PMID: 35422871 PMCID: PMC9005276 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9265094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Newcastle disease causes huge economic losses in the global poultry industry. An efficient treatment is needed to deal with the variable immunogenicity of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This study utilized network pharmacology to study the potential therapeutic targets of Honeysuckle (Lonicer japonica Thunb.) against Newcastle disease. Methods Venny online analysis was used to analyze the potential overlapping targets of Honeysuckle and Newcastle disease. Hub genes were obtained using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. Gene Ontology (GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis using the DAVID online tool were performed on these targets. Results Twenty-five overlapping targets were identified. The PPI network construction results included 23 nodes of 25 genes and 95 edges. It was found that the IL-6 node had the largest degree. STAT1 and IRF1, CASP9, and CASP3 had the same as well as strongest interaction strengths. GO functions, such as “cytokine activity,” had a regulatory effect on NDV. The “Toll-like receptor signaling Pathway” “Nod-like receptor signaling pathway,” “RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway,” and “Apoptosis,” which were obtained using KEGG analysis, also indicated that these pathways can act on NDV to enhance immune function. Conclusions In this study, the potential targets and mechanisms of action of Honeysuckle against Newcastle disease were explored through network pharmacology, which provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of Newcastle disease and provided new ideas for the development of traditional Chinese medicine for the poultry industry.
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Jia L, Liang B, Wu K, Wang R, Liu H, Di Liu, Chen Q. Circulation, genomic characteristics, and evolutionary dynamics of class I Newcastle disease virus in China. Virulence 2022; 13:414-427. [PMID: 35188866 PMCID: PMC8865265 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2037342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Jia
- Cas Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bilin Liang
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runkun Wang
- Cas Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Computational Virology Group, Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjiao Chen
- Cas Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Green Tea Polyphenon-60 against Avian Paramyxoviruses. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:3411525. [PMID: 34912537 PMCID: PMC8668330 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3411525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) have caused an economically significant drop in global domestic poultry production because of their high morbidity and mortality rates. Polyphenols are the major components of green tea that have great antiviral effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-APMV activities of polyphenon-60. Twelve APMV-1 strains representing three different pathotypes, two strains of APMV-2, one strain of APMV-3, and one strain of APMV-7 were propagated in chicken embryos. To determine the cytotoxic effect, chicken embryo fibroblasts were treated with the test compound in various concentrations. To assess the antiviral properties, time-dependent, dose-dependent, and virulence-dependent experiments were conducted in both cell and chicken embryo models. A reduction in virus titers was measured by the hemagglutination test. The inhibitory effect on virus adsorption to the chicken red blood cell (RBC) surface was examined by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The results showed that lentogenic and mesogenic APMV-1 strains, APMV-3 strain, and APMV-7 strain were significantly inhibited (
) by polyphenon-60 at 50 μg/ml, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration of the compound was 345 μg/ml. Polyphenon-60 also exhibited the inhibitory activity against hemagglutination by NDV. Taken together, the results suggest that polyphenon-60 has shown promise as an antiviral agent that has wide safety margins against APMVs, and challenge studies to evaluate its efficacy in chickens are necessary.
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Knowledge on diseases, practices, and threats of drugs residues in chicken food chains in selected districts of Dodoma region, Tanzania. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Omeke JN, Maxwell-Mkpado RC, Emejuo NT, Onyema I, Ikenna-Ezeh HN, Eze DC, Okoye JOA. Pathology of Komarov vaccine in Hitchner B1 vaccinated and unvaccinated broilers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:551. [PMID: 34812969 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a major problem of poultry production worldwide. Control is by biosecurity and vaccination. In this project, we studied the pathology of Komarov vaccine which is commonly used in many countries of Africa on the Hitchner B1 (HBI) vaccinated and unvaccinated broilers. Seventy-five Arbor Acres broilers were obtained at 1 day old. Twenty-five of the broilers were given HB1 vaccine at the hatchery and Komarov vaccine at 5 weeks of age (group HK). A second group of 25 broilers were given only Komarov vaccine at 5 weeks of age (group K). The third group remained as unvaccinated (UU). All the groups were observed for clinical signs and lesions. Depression, sneezing, coughing and noisy respiration were observed in group K broilers from day 2 post Komarov vaccination (PKV). Leg paralysis occurred in 6 broilers on day 8 PKV. The clinical signs were milder in the HK broilers. Only one broiler showed leg paralysis in this group on day 18 PKV. No mortality occurred in the three groups. The bursa, spleen and thymus showed mild to moderate enlargement, atrophy and depletion of lymphocytes on days 3, 5, 8 and 14 PKV in HK and K groups. The trachea and lungs were congested. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres in the K group were higher than those of HK and UU groups on days 7, 24 and 21 PKV. The above observations show that Komarov vaccine may cause no mortality in vaccinated and unvaccinated broilers and higher HI antibodies are produced in broilers that have not been vaccinated earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Ngozi Omeke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Nnenna Tochi Emejuo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Onyema
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Harriet Nkechi Ikenna-Ezeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Didacus Chukwuemeka Eze
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - John Osita Arinze Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Marcano VC, Cardenas-Garcia S, Diel DG, Antoniassi da Silva LH, Gogal RM, Miller PJ, Brown CC, Butt SL, Goraichuk IV, Dimitrov KM, Taylor TL, Williams-Coplin D, Olivier TL, Stanton JB, Afonso CL. A Novel Recombinant Newcastle Disease Vaccine Improves Post- In Ovo Vaccination Survival with Sustained Protection against Virulent Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090953. [PMID: 34579191 PMCID: PMC8472951 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovo vaccination has been employed by the poultry industry for over 20 years to control numerous avian diseases. Unfortunately, in ovo live vaccines against Newcastle disease have significant limitations, including high embryo mortality and the inability to induce full protection during the first two weeks of life. In this study, a recombinant live attenuated Newcastle disease virus vaccine containing the antisense sequence of chicken interleukin 4 (IL-4), rZJ1*L-IL4R, was used. The rZJ1*L-IL4R vaccine was administered in ovo to naïve specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) and evaluated against a homologous challenge. Controls included a live attenuated recombinant genotype VII vaccine based on the virus ZJ1 (rZJ1*L) backbone, the LaSota vaccine and diluent alone. In the first of two experiments, ECEs were vaccinated at 18 days of embryonation (DOE) with either 104.5 or 103.5 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50/egg) and chickens were challenged at 21 days post-hatch (DPH). In the second experiment, 103.5 EID50/egg of each vaccine was administered at 19 DOE, and chickens were challenged at 14 DPH. Chickens vaccinated with 103.5 EID50/egg of rZJ1*L-IL4R had hatch rates comparable to the group that received diluent alone, whereas other groups had significantly lower hatch rates. All vaccinated chickens survived challenge without displaying clinical disease, had protective hemagglutination inhibition titers, and shed comparable levels of challenge virus. The recombinant rZJ1*L-IL4R vaccine yielded lower post-vaccination mortality rates compared with the other in ovo NDV live vaccine candidates as well as provided strong protection post-challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C. Marcano
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.C.B.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.C.B.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Diego G. Diel
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Luciana H. Antoniassi da Silva
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Robert M. Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Patti J. Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Corrie C. Brown
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.C.B.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Salman Latif Butt
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.C.B.); (J.B.S.)
- Department of Pathology, UAF Sub Campus TTS, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iryna V. Goraichuk
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
- National Scientific Center Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 83 Pushkinska St., 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Tonya L. Taylor
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Dawn Williams-Coplin
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Timothy L. Olivier
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
| | - James B. Stanton
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (C.C.B.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA; (V.C.M.); (S.C.-G.); (D.G.D.); (L.H.A.d.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.L.B.); (I.V.G.); (K.M.D.); (T.L.T.); (D.W.-C.); (T.L.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Chegrynets AI, Saliy ОО, Sobko IA, Krasinko VO. Immunological evaluation of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine depending on adjuvant composition. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is a global problem that is being recorded in most countries and also a serious obstacle to exchange of genetic material of poultry in various countries of the world. Control of the Newcastle disease comprises correct injection of efficacious vaccines so as to decrease or eliminate the clinical disease. Our goal was to perform comparative studies of the vaccines against Newcastle disease of water in oil type, the adjuvant being mineral oil mixed with emulsifiers (Span-80 and Tween-80) and ready-to-use adjuvant system (Montanide ISA 70), and study the impact of composition of adjuvant constituent on physical-chemical and immunogenic properties of inactivated vaccines. To reproduce virus-containing material and carried out titration of the viruses, we used chicken embryos free of pathogenic microflora. Aqueous phase for the preparation of emulsion-based vaccines of water in oil type consisted of antigen to Newcastle disease of La-Sota strain, manufactured by Biotestlab Ltd, and phosphate-saline buffer. To evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine and induce immune response, we used 1-day old pathogen-free chickens, which were obtained from chicken embryos free of pathogenic microflora. As the positive control in the experiment, we used commercial vaccine. One-day chickens were divided into 3 groups (I, II, III) comprising 12 individuals each and one group (IV) consisting of 8 individuals as the control group with individual numeration. Chickens in groups I, II and III were divided into two subgroups (n = 8 and n = 4) to determine immunogenic efficiency and safety of the vaccine. Immunization was carried out through single subcutaneous injections in the region of the neck. To study immunogenic efficiency, the chickens were immunized with the dose of 0.1 mL (1 dose), and 0.2 mL (2 doses) to determine safety. After the immunization of 1-day old pathogen-free chickens with 0.1 mL dose, the obtained level of antibodies in the serum of vaccinated chickens on days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the vaccination indicated the ability of provoking the immune response to Newcastle disease at high level and safety of the vaccination for chickens. All the recipes of the examined series of the vaccines and the commercial vaccine produced appropriate level of viscosity according to the criterion equaling ≤ 200 mm2/s at Р <0.05, promoting fluidity of the vaccine and providing easier passage through the needle during the application. Both of the studied vaccines may be used in poultry farming for prophylaxis of Newcastle disease among chickens.
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Tortella GR, Pieretti JC, Rubilar O, Fernández-Baldo M, Benavides-Mendoza A, Diez MC, Seabra AB. Silver, copper and copper oxide nanoparticles in the fight against human viruses: progress and perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:431-449. [PMID: 34233551 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1939260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanomedicine has created a high demand for silver, copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. Due to their high reactivity and potent antimicrobial activity, silver and copper-based nanomaterials have been playing an important role in the search for new alternatives for the treatment of several issues of concern, such as pathologies caused by bacteria and viruses. Viral diseases are a significant and constant threat to public health. The most recent example is the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, the object of the present review is to highlight recent progress in the biomedical uses of these metal nanoparticles for the treatment and prevention of human viral infections. We discuss the antiviral activity of AgNPs and Cu-based NPs, including their actions against SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the toxicity, biodistribution and excretion of AgNPs and CuNPs, along with their uses in medical devices or on inert surfaces to avoid viral dissemination by fomites. The challenges and limitations of the biomedical use of these nanoparticles are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - J C Pieretti
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - O Rubilar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Fernández-Baldo
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council
- Conicet · INQUISAL Instituto de Química San Luis, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - A Benavides-Mendoza
- Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - M C Diez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - A B Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
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Song X, Liu L, Hu W, Liang X, He C, Yin L, Ye G, Zou Y, Li L, Tang H, Jia R, Yin Z. Identification of the amino acids residues involved in hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus binding to sulfated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharides. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101255. [PMID: 34198092 PMCID: PMC8255242 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral mechanism of sulfated polysaccharides is supposed to prevent virus entry, which is mediated by the interactions of anionic charges on sulfated polysaccharides with positively charged domains of viral envelope glycoproteins, leading to shielding of the functional domain involved in virus attachment to cell surface receptors. But, few direct evidences were reported. In the previous study, we found that sulfated Chuanmingshen violaceum polysaccharides (sCVPS) possessed remarkable inhibitory effect against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) through inhibition of NDV attachment to host cells. Whether sCVPS bound to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) leading to inhibition of NDV attachment needs to be further clarified. The present study conducted site-directed mutagenesis of possible positively charged residues of HN, and found that mutants R197G, H199G, R363G, and R523G could significantly decrease the inhibitory effects of sCVPS on receptor binding ability through hemadsorption assay, especially R363G which suggested that binding to R363 is more effective to shield the sialic acid binding sites. Dual mutants (R363G/R197G, R363G/H199G and R363G/R523G) induced more decreased inhibitory effect of sCVPS than single mutants. The immunofluorescence study using FITC-labeled sCVPS found that the fluorescence intensity of mutants R363G and R363G/H199G were significantly decreased. The binding kinetics of sCVPS to HN measured by surface plasmon resonance indicated that sCVPS had a higher binding affinity for wild-type HN than mutants R363G and R363G/H199G. Plaque reduction study was performed using recombinant NDV with mutant HNR363G and HNR363G/H199G, which showed significantly decreased inhibitory effects of sCVPS against mutant NDV adsorption to BHK-21 cells. These results suggested that the residues R197, H199, R363, and R523 were the binding sites for sCVPS, especially R363 act as the main interaction site. The present study provided direct evidence for the theory that antiviral mechanism of sulfated polysaccharides attributed to anionic groups binding to the positively charged residues of viral proteins which led to the shielding of receptor binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lin Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wei Hu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China.
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Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (Sub-Genotype VII.1.1) from Wild Birds, with Assessment of Its Pathogenicity in Susceptible Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020505. [PMID: 33672003 PMCID: PMC7919289 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting a wide range of avian species. The disease can be particularly virulent in chickens, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. In this study, we characterized velogenic NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 from wild birds and assessed its pathogenicity in susceptible chickens. One hundred wild birds from the vicinity of poultry farms with a history of NDV infection were examined clinically. Pooled samples from the spleen, lung, and brain were screened using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the NDV F gene fragment, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out for identification of the genetic relatedness of the virus. Chickens were infected with the strains identified, and the major histopathological changes were assessed. Interestingly, NDV was detected in 44% of cattle egret samples and 26% of house sparrow samples by RRT-PCR, while RT-PCR detected NDV in 36% of cattle egrets examined and 20% of house sparrow samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close identity, of 99.7–98.5% (0.3–1.5% pairwise distance), between the isolates used in our study and other Egyptian class II, sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains. Histopathological examination identified marked histopathological changes that are consistent with NDV. These findings provide interesting data in relation to the detection of NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 in wild birds and reveal the major advantages of the combined use of molecular and histopathological methods in the detection and characterization of the virus. More research is needed to determine the characteristics of this contagious disease in the Egyptian environment. Abstract Newcastle disease (ND) is considered to be one of the most economically significant avian viral diseases. It has a worldwide distribution and a continuous diversity of genotypes. Despite its limited zoonotic potential, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Egypt occur frequently and result in serious economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated and characterized NDV in wild cattle egrets and house sparrows. Fifty cattle egrets and fifty house sparrows were collected from the vicinity of chicken farms in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt, which has a history of NDV infection. Lung, spleen, and brain tissue samples were pooled from each bird and screened for NDV by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the 370 bp NDV F gene fragment. NDV was detected by RRT-PCR in 22 of 50 (44%) cattle egrets and 13 of 50 (26%) house sparrows, while the conventional RT-PCR detected NDV in 18 of 50 (36%) cattle egrets and 10 of 50 (20%) of house sparrows. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the NDV strains identified in the present study are closely related to other Egyptian class II, sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains from GenBank, having 99.7–98.5% identity. The pathogenicity of the wild-bird-origin NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains were assessed by experimental inoculation of identified strains (KFS-Motobas-2, KFS-Elhamoul-1, and KFS-Elhamoul-3) in 28-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Cobb chickens. The clinical signs and post-mortem changes of velogenic NDV genotype VII (GVII) were observed in inoculated chickens 3 to 7 days post-inoculation, with 67.5–70% mortality rates. NDV was detected in all NDV-inoculated chickens by RRT-PCR and RT-PCR at 3, 7, and 10 days post-inoculation. The histopathological findings of the experimentally infected chickens showed marked pulmonary congestion and pneumonia associated with complete bronchial stenosis. The spleen showed histocytic cell proliferation with marked lymphoid depletion, while the brain had malacia and diffuse gliosis. These findings provide interesting data about the characterization of NDV in wild birds from Egypt and add to our understanding of their possible role in the transmission dynamics of the disease in Egypt. Further research is needed to explore the role of other species of wild birds in the epidemiology of this disease and to compare the strains circulating in wild birds with those found in poultry.
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Virulence during Newcastle Disease Viruses Cross Species Adaptation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010110. [PMID: 33467506 PMCID: PMC7830468 DOI: 10.3390/v13010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that host adaptation in virulent Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) has been accompanied by virulence modulation is reviewed here. Historical records, experimental data, and phylogenetic analyses from available GenBank sequences suggest that currently circulating NDVs emerged in the 1920-1940's from low virulence viruses by mutation at the fusion protein cleavage site. These viruses later gave rise to multiple virulent genotypes by modulating virulence in opposite directions. Phylogenetic and pathotyping studies demonstrate that older virulent NDVs further evolved into chicken-adapted genotypes by increasing virulence (velogenic-viscerotropic pathotypes with intracerebral pathogenicity indexes [ICPIs] of 1.6 to 2), or into cormorant-adapted NDVs by moderating virulence (velogenic-neurotropic pathotypes with ICPIs of 1.4 to 1.6), or into pigeon-adapted viruses by further attenuating virulence (mesogenic pathotypes with ICPIs of 0.9 to 1.4). Pathogenesis and transmission experiments on adult chickens demonstrate that chicken-adapted velogenic-viscerotropic viruses are more capable of causing disease than older velogenic-neurotropic viruses. Currently circulating velogenic-viscerotropic viruses are also more capable of replicating and of being transmitted in naïve chickens than viruses from cormorants and pigeons. These evolutionary virulence changes are consistent with theories that predict that virulence may evolve in many directions in order to achieve maximum fitness, as determined by genetic and ecologic constraints.
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Kusumarahayu NP, Putri N, Ernawati R, Rahmahani J, Suwarno S, Rantam FA. Molecular characterisation of Newcastle disease virus exotic isolate in East Java, Indonesia. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is ssRNA paramyxovirus causing clinical signs, varying from subclinical infections to 100% mortality in infected chickens. Haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein has an important role related to infection and pathogenesis, therefore, the protein was characterised in this study. Samples were collected from 45 cloacal swabs of native chickens. They were isolated by inoculating in specific pathogen-free embryonated eggs. Molecular detection of NDV was done by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) encoding HN protein. RT-PCR for HN gene of NDV generated DNA fragments sized 503 bp, which were then sequenced using ABI Prism. The results have shown that virus isolates were mostly lentogenic and might contribute to outbreak in East Java, Indonesia. Based on this fact, NDV infected native chickens can act as reservoir and contribute to outbreak in the poultry. Our study provides baseline information on genetic characteristics of NDV circulating in East Java and serves as a basic work for further research.
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Nuradji H, Luthfiya Azmy A, Aquatica G, Indi Dharmayanti NLP. The Effect of Common Detergents on The Causative Virus of Newcastle Disease. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213306014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is one of the most severe poultry viral diseases due to its ability to cause massive economic losses and about 100% mortality in chickens. Many disinfectants have been used on farms to prevent the disease. However, the use of existing commercial disinfectants nowadays is considered expensive. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial detergents as disinfectants in inactivating the virus. Two commercial detergents containing Alkylbenzene sulfonates, which can dissolve the viral envelope lipid, were tested. More so, three concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were used, with contact times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively. The commercial disinfectant Virkon was employed as a control. The results showed that commercial detergents had the same results compared to control by being able to inactivate the virus with a concentration of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% in 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively. This shows that simple and inexpensive household detergents can be used as an alternative for disinfection.
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Ornelas-Eusebio E, García-Espinosa G, Laroucau K, Zanella G. Characterization of commercial poultry farms in Mexico: Towards a better understanding of biosecurity practices and antibiotic usage patterns. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242354. [PMID: 33259478 PMCID: PMC7707464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mexico is one of the world’s major poultry producing countries. Two significant challenges currently facing the poultry industry are the responsible and judicious use of antimicrobials, and the potential occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks. For example, repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7N3 have occurred in poultry since its first detection in Mexico in 2012. Both of these challenges can be addressed through good husbandry practices and the application of on-farm biosecurity measures. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the biosecurity measures practiced across different types of poultry farms in Mexico, and (ii) to collect information regarding antimicrobial usage. A cross-sectional study was carried out through on-farm interviews on 43 poultry farms. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed to characterize the farms based on their pattern of biosecurity practices and antimicrobial usage. Three clusters of farms were identified using an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. In each cluster, a specific farm type was predominant. The biosecurity measures that significantly differentiated the visited farms, thus allowing their clusterization, were: the use of personal protective equipment (e.g. face masks, hair caps, and eye protection), the requirement for a hygiene protocol before and after entering the farm, the use of exclusive working clothes by staff and visitors, footbath presence at the barn entrance, and the mortality disposal strategy. The more stringent the biosecurity measures on farms within a cluster, the fewer the farms that used antimicrobials. Farms with more biosecurity breaches used antimicrobials considered critically important for public health. These findings could be helpful to understand how to guide strategies to reinforce compliance with biosecurity practices identified as critical according to the farm type. We conclude by providing certain recommendations to improve on-farm biosecurity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ornelas-Eusebio
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Avian Medicine and Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, CDMX, Mexico
- Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gary García-Espinosa
- Department of Avian Medicine and Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacan, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Karine Laroucau
- Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gina Zanella
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
- * E-mail:
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Renu S, Renukaradhya GJ. Chitosan Nanoparticle Based Mucosal Vaccines Delivered Against Infectious Diseases of Poultry and Pigs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:558349. [PMID: 33282847 PMCID: PMC7691491 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.558349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease of poultry and pig are major threat to health and cause severe economic loss to the food industry and a global food safety issue. Poultry and pig act as a mixing vessel of zoonotic transmission of disease to humans. Effective mucosal vaccines used in animals could reduce the impact of diseases in food animals. Chitosan is a biocompatible polymer, and its positive charge makes it a natural mucoadhesive agent. Therefore, since last one-decade chitosan derived nanoparticles (CS NPs) have been in use widely to deliver vaccine antigens in animals through mucosal route. Primary route of entry of most infectious disease pathogen is through oral and nasal routes, and the CS NPs based vaccines delivered through that routes enhance the immunogenicity of encapsulated vaccine antigens by targeting the cargo to mucosal microfold cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Resulting in induction of robust secretory and systemic antibodies and/or cell mediated immune response which provides protection against infections. To date, CS NPs is being widely used for mucosal vaccine delivery in poultry and pigs to control bacterial and viral infections, and tested in several preclinical trials for vaccine delivery in humans. In this review, we highlighted the progress so far made in using CS NPs as a vehicle for mucosal vaccine delivery against infectious and zoonotic diseases of poultry and pigs. Discussed about the need of CS NPs modifications, CS NPs based vaccines induced immune responses and its role in protection, and challenges in vaccination and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Shokeen K, Srivathsan A, Kumar S. Lithium chloride functions as Newcastle disease virus-induced ER-stress modulator and confers anti-viral effect. Virus Res 2020; 292:198223. [PMID: 33166563 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease is a severe clinical manifestation of avian species caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Although several vaccination strategies are available to protect poultry against NDV infection, even then, outbreaks have been reported in the vaccinated birds. The lack of therapeutics against NDV makes the need for effective anti-viral drugs is of utmost importance. Lithium Chloride (LiCl) is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder, acute brain injuries, and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Also, LiCl has been repurposed as an effective anti-viral drug for some viral infections. In the present work, we have investigated the efficacy of LiCl to inhibit NDV replication using in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo models. Our results collectively showed the modulation of NDV replication after the LiCl treatment. We also demonstrated that NDV induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress), and a stress-inducible ER chaperone, glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), was found to be over-expressed after NDV infection. Subsequently, the treatment of NDV infected cells with LiCl significantly reduced the transcript and protein levels of GRP78. Finally, we concluded that LiCl treatment protects the cells from ER-stress induced by the NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shokeen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ariktha Srivathsan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Tan L, Wen G, Yuan Y, Huang M, Sun Y, Liao Y, Song C, Liu W, Shi Y, Shao H, Qiu X, Ding C. Development of a Recombinant Thermostable Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Vaccine Express Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Multiple Epitopes for Protecting against IBV and NDV Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040564. [PMID: 33019497 PMCID: PMC7712034 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) are two highly contagious diseases that severely threaten the poultry industry. The goal of this study is to prevent these two diseases and reduce the vaccine costs during storage and transportation. In this study, we design a thermostable recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) candidate live vaccine strain designated as rLS-T-HN-T/B, which expresses the multiple epitope cassette of the identified infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (S-T/B). The rLS-T-HN-T/B strain was found to possess similar growth kinetics, passage stability, morphological characteristics, and virulence to the parental LaSota strain. After incubation at 56 °C at the indicated time points, the rLS-T-HN-T/B strain was determined by the hemagglutination (HA), and 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50) assays demonstrated that it accords with the criteria for thermostability. The thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B and parental LaSota vaccines were stored at 25 °C for 16 days prior to immunizing the one-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Three weeks postimmunization, the virus challenge results suggested that the chicks vaccinated with the rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine were protected by 100% and 90% against a lethal dose of NDV and IBV, respectively. Furthermore, the trachea ciliary activity assay indicated that the mean ciliostasis score of the chicks vaccinated with thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine was significantly superior to that of the LaSota and PBS groups (p < 0.05). The rLS-T-HN-T/B vaccine stored at 25 °C for 16 days remained capable of eliciting the immune responses and protecting against IBV and NDV challenges. However, the same storage conditions had a great impact on the parental LaSota strain vaccinated chicks, and the NDV challenge protection ratio was only 20%. We conclude that the thermostable rLS-T-HN-T/B strain is a hopeful bivalent candidate vaccine to control both IB and ND and provides an alternative strategy for the development of cost-effective vaccines for village chickens, especially in the rural areas of developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Guoyuan Wen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (G.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Meizhen Huang
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Huabin Shao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (G.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (L.T.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (C.S.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (X.Q.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-34293508
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Naf'an MK, Kurniasih K, Untari T, Prakoso YA. Development of a coagglutination kit as a rapid test for diagnosing Newcastle disease in poultry. Vet World 2020; 13:1719-1724. [PMID: 33061250 PMCID: PMC7522963 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1719-1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral infection that causes high mortality and economic loss in the poultry industry. The Office International des Epizooties (OIE) recommends several diagnostic methods for the detection of ND, including isolation and molecular tests. However, these detection methods are time-consuming and highly expensive. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a coagglutination kit as a novel diagnostic tool for ND in the poultry industry. Materials and Methods: Two adult male New Zealand White rabbits weighing 2.5 kg were vaccinated using ND life vaccine intraperitoneally. The vaccination was conducted once a week for 4 weeks with multilevel doses. Rabbits’ serum was collected at week 6 and inactivated at 56°C for 30 min. The serum was precipitated using ammonium sulfate and reacted with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus to produce the agglutination kit for detecting ND virus. A total of 25 chickens suspected with ND infection from a local poultry farm in Yogyakarta were used as the test samples. The chickens were necropsied, and the brain, spleen, lung, intestine, and feces were collected. Half of these organs were subjected to tests using the coagglutination kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The other half was processed for histopathology. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Results: Of the 25 samples, 13 (52%) were positive for ND infection when tested using both the ND coagglutination kit and RT-PCR. The positive samples also exhibited several histopathological changes, including perivascular cuffing surrounding the cerebral blood–brain barrier, hemorrhagic pneumonia, splenitis, and necrotic hemorrhage enteritis. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the ND coagglutination kit could be used as a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of ND virus infection in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kholish Naf'an
- Student of Master of Sciences Degree, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kurniasih Kurniasih
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Untari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yos Adi Prakoso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Marnissi B, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Ghram A, Hmila I. Generation of ssDNA aptamers as diagnostic tool for Newcastle avian virus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237253. [PMID: 32790805 PMCID: PMC7425888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), RNA or synthetic XNA molecules, which are used as a class of affinity binders recognizing target molecules with a very high affinity and specificity. The aim of this study was to generate and characterize ssDNA aptamers for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). These aptamers were selected using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) in combination with quantitative high-throughput DNA sequencing. After three rounds of selections, a highly enriched ssDNA pool was sequenced, and the results were analyzed using FASTAptamer Toolkit. Sequencing reads were sorted by copy numbers and clustered into groups, according to their sequence homology. Top aptameric sequences were used to develop a sandwich enzymatic linked aptamer assay (ELAA) for rapid and sensitive detection of NDV in farm samples. The selected aptamers have an affinity within the nanomolar range, and a high specificity with no cross-reactivity towards other avian viruses. Following optimization of the sandwich ELAA method, the results demonstrated that both selected aptamers Apt_NDV01 and Apt_NDV03 with dissociation constant values of 31 nM and 78.1 nM, respectively, showed the highest specificity and affinity for NDV detection. The ELAA results were verified by quantitative real-time PCR, demonstrating strong concordance, and showing outstanding accuracy for detection of NDV in field sample. In summary, combination of SELEX with high-throughput DNA sequencing allowed rapid screening and selection of aptamers. The selected aptamers allowed recognition of NDV with high affinities. This is the first report that uses a validated sandwich ELAA for rapid and specific detection of NDV in poultry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutheina Marnissi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Issam Hmila
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail: ,
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Comparative Study of Protection against Newcastle Disease in Young Broilers Administered Natural Chicken Alpha Interferon via Oral and Intramuscular Routes. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00585-20. [PMID: 32669457 PMCID: PMC7364220 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00585-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important contagious disease of wild and domestic birds worldwide. The disease causes severe economic losses in terms of production due to high mortality and morbidity in nonvaccinated chickens. Despite extensive vaccination approaches, Newcastle disease (ND) remains a permanent threat to the poultry industry worldwide. In the current study, we used natural chicken IFN-α as an innate immune modulator to counteract ND in chickens. We report that chIFN-α is effective in protecting the chickens against ND and also prevents shedding of the virus, which can then prevent further spread of the disease. We propose that in addition to vaccination, chIFN-α therapy could be an effective option for controlling ND in areas of endemicity. Despite extensive vaccination approaches, Newcastle disease (ND) remains a permanent threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Besides vaccination, there is a burgeoning demand for new antivirals for use in interventions to control ND. One strategy is to strengthen the host innate immunity via host-derived innate immune proteins. Type I interferons define one of the first lines of innate immune defense against viral infections. Chicken interferon alpha (chIFN-α) is one of the potent cytokines that trigger antiviral responses. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of natural chIFN-α administered via oral and intramuscular (i.m.) routes against ND in broiler chickens. Our results showed that the level of protection against ND in response to chIFN-α therapy was dependent on the route and dose of IFN administration. A better therapeutic effect was observed in chickens treated with chIFN-α via the oral route than in those treated via the i.m. route. Regardless of the administration route, double-dose chIFN-α (2,000-U) treatments provided better protection than single-dose (1,000-U) treatments. However, complete protection against ND was achieved in birds treated with repeated doses of chIFN-α via the oral route. Histopathology of trachea, proventriculus, spleen, and liver showed a significant improvement in ND-induced degenerative changes in double-dose IFN-treatment groups compared to single-dose groups. Results of the hemagglutination test demonstrated a decrease in ND virus (NDV) titer in IFN-treated groups. Also, double doses of chIFN-α via oral route resulted in early recovery in weight gain. We propose that chIFN-α therapy via oral route could be an important therapeutic tool to control NDV infection in chicken. IMPORTANCE Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important contagious disease of wild and domestic birds worldwide. The disease causes severe economic losses in terms of production due to high mortality and morbidity in nonvaccinated chickens. Despite extensive vaccination approaches, Newcastle disease (ND) remains a permanent threat to the poultry industry worldwide. In the current study, we used natural chicken IFN-α as an innate immune modulator to counteract ND in chickens. We report that chIFN-α is effective in protecting the chickens against ND and also prevents shedding of the virus, which can then prevent further spread of the disease. We propose that in addition to vaccination, chIFN-α therapy could be an effective option for controlling ND in areas of endemicity.
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Sultan HA, Talaat S, Elfeil WK, Selim K, Kutkat MA, Amer SA, Choi KS. Protective efficacy of the Newcastle disease virus genotype VII-matched vaccine in commercial layers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1275-1286. [PMID: 32111305 PMCID: PMC7587656 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major threat to the poultry industry worldwide, with a diversity of genotypes associated with severe economic losses in all poultry sectors. Class II genotype VII NDV are predominant in the Middle East and Asia, despite intensive vaccination programs using conventional live and inactivated NDV vaccines. In Egypt, the disease is continuously spreading, causing severe economical losses in the poultry industry. In this study; the protective efficacy of a commercial, inactivated recombinant genotype VII NDV–matched vaccine (KBNP-C4152R2L strain) against challenge with the velogenic NDV strain (Chicken/USC/Egypt/2015) was evaluated in commercial layers. Two vaccination regimes were used; live NDV genotype II (LaSota) vaccine on days 10, 18, and 120, with either the inactivated NDV genotype II regime or inactivated NDV genotype VII–matched vaccine regime on days 14, 42, and 120. The 2 regimes were challenged at the peak of egg production on week 26. Protection by the 2 regimes was evaluated after experimental infection, based on mortality rate, clinical signs, gross lesions, virus shedding, seroconversion, and egg production schedule. The results show that these 2 vaccination regimes protected commercial layer chickens against mortality, but some birds showed mild clinical signs and reduced egg production temporarily. However, the combination of live NDV genotype II and recombinant inactivated genotype VII vaccines provided better protection against virus shedding (20% and 0% vs. 60% and 40%) as assessed in tracheal swabs and (20% and 0% vs. 20% and 20%) in cloacal swabs collected at 3 and 5 D post challenge (dpc), respectively. In addition, egg production levels in birds receiving the inactivated NDV genotype VII–matched vaccine regime and in those given inactivated genotype II vaccines were 76.6, 79, 82, and 87.4% and 77.7, 72.5, 69, and 82.5% at 7, 14, 21, and 28 dpc, respectively. The results of this study indicate that recombinant genotype-matched inactivated vaccine along with a live attenuated vaccine can reduce virus shedding and improve egg production in commercial layers challenged with a velogenic genotype VII virus under field conditions. This regime may ensure a proper control strategy in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A Sultan
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shaimaa Talaat
- Department of Birds and Rabbits Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Menoufiya 32958, Egypt
| | - Wael K Elfeil
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Karim Selim
- Virology Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kutkat
- Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Amer
- Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Okechukwu HN, Chukwuedo AA, Eze DC, Igwe AO, Ihedioha JI, Okoye JOA. Triple La Sota re-vaccinations can protect laying chickens for 3 months against drop in egg production caused by velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus infection. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:470-476. [PMID: 31995272 PMCID: PMC7397914 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and ten Isa Brown layers were vaccinated with La Sota, once at point of lay at 18 weeks and three times at peak of lay which occurred at 27–29 weeks of age. Thereafter, they were weekly monitored for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody decline. The first batch A of the layers were challenged with velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease (vvND) virus (vvNDV) on day 24 post‐vaccination (PV), when the geometric mean titre (GMT) was 84.4, batch B were challenged on day 48 PV at GMT of 42.2, while batch C were challenged on day 97 PV at GMT of 21.1. The individual chicken HI antibody titres of the 10 layers in batch C at the day of challenge were: 7 layers had HI titres of 16, 2 layers had HI titres of 32 and 1 layer had HI titres of 64. Each challenge in the three batches produced no clinical signs including drop in egg production. But there was initial swelling of the spleen followed by atrophy with high antibody responses. The virus was recovered in all the cloacal swabs on days 3–9 post‐challenge (PC) at low titres. On days 145 PV and 48, post‐Batch C challenge the remaining hyperimmunized unchallenged layers demonstrated a drop in total % egg production (p < .05) and changes in egg quality. The HI GMT was 256. The virus was recovered in all the cloacal swabs on days 3–9 following appearance of clinical signs. There was no mortality in the experiment. Based on the above observations, it is concluded that triple La Sota re‐vaccination can protect layers against a drop in egg production in areas where vvNDV infection is enzootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet N Okechukwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anthony A Chukwuedo
- Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Didacus C Eze
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Amarachukwu O Igwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - John I Ihedioha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - John O A Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Shafiei Bafti H, Mosleh N, Dadras H. Assessment of type I interferons, clinical signs and virus shedding in broiler chickens with pre and post challenge Newcastle disease vaccination. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:84-91. [PMID: 32849885 PMCID: PMC7430373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) causes devastating economic losses in poultry industry. AIMS This study evaluates the plausible effect of prior or post challenge vaccination with a live commercial vaccine on some pathogenic aspects of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) infection in broilers with an emphasis on elucidating type I interferons (IFNs) response trends. METHODS Chicks (n=250) were randomly allocated into 5 equal groups including negative control (NC), positive control (PC) (challenged with vNDV), and treatment (T1-T3) groups: (T1) only received Villegas-Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of NDV vaccine, (T2) vaccinated 24 h prior to vNDV challenge, and (T3) vaccinated 24 h post vNDV challenge. Samples from trachea, cloacal content, and serum were collected at different time points to evaluate virus shedding or IFNs levels. RESULTS Although clinical signs and lesions were not completely blocked by administration of vaccine prior to or post vNDV inoculation, the disease severity diminished as demonstrated by an increase in bird's survival rate and median survival days (MSDs). Moreover, prior to or post challenge VG/GA live vaccine administration, modified viral shedding patterns by decreasing the vNDV shedding period especially from the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Strong early type I IFNs response was observed in the trachea and sera of chickens vaccinated prior to or post-infection (pi) as compared to birds that received vaccine or vNDV alone. In trachea, IFN-α response was more pronounced than IFN-β, while both IFNs showed a considerable change in serum. CONCLUSION It seems that vaccination after challenge with vNDV can improve bird's health similar to prior administration and reduces virus shedding which may be due to type I IFNs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Shafiei Bafti
- Ph.D. Student in Avian Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N. Mosleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - H. Dadras
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Apopo AA, Kariithi HM, Ateya LO, Binepal YS, Sirya JH, Dulu TD, Welch CN, Hernandez SM, Afonso CL. A retrospective study of Newcastle disease in Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:699-710. [PMID: 31501991 PMCID: PMC7039849 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a major constraint to Kenya’s poultry production, which is comprised of approximately 80% indigenous chickens (ICs; caged and free-range system) and 20% exotic chickens (intensive system). This study analyzed cases reported as suspected ND in Kenya between 2005 and 2015. Of the suspected 332 ND reported cases from the three production systems in 27 locations within six Kenyan Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs), 140 diagnosed as infected with avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOaV-1; formerly Newcastle disease virus) were present in every year in all AEZs. The numbers of AOaV-1-positive cases differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the production systems across the years depending on the season, climate, and location. In the free-range system, both ambient temperatures and season associated significantly (p = 0.001 and 0.02, respectively) with the number of cases, while in the intensive and caged systems, the positive cases correlated significantly with season and relative humidity, respectively (p = 0.05). Regardless of the production systems, the numbers of clinically sick birds positively correlated with the ambient temperatures (r = 0.6; p < 0.05). Failure to detect AOaV-1 in 58% of the ND cases reported, and mortalities exceeding the observed numbers of clinically sick birds suggest deficiencies in the current ND reporting and diagnostic system. Intensive farmers were the slowest in reporting the cases and diagnostic deficiencies were most evident by failure to test the exposure of ICs to natural infection with AOaV-1 and for the AOaV-1-negative cases lack of testing for other pathogens and/or AOaV-1 variants. This study indicates a need for improved surveillance and diagnostics in Kenyan domestic poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auleria A Apopo
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department for Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation, Private Bag-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Henry M Kariithi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O Box 57811, Kaptagat Road, Loresho, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya. .,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| | - Leonard O Ateya
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O Box 57811, Kaptagat Road, Loresho, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Yatinder S Binepal
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O Box 57811, Kaptagat Road, Loresho, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Jane H Sirya
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Thomas D Dulu
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department for Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation, Private Bag-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Catharine N Welch
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and The Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sonia M Hernandez
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and The Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
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42
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Molouki A, Nagy A. Rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus: a promising vector with two decades of intensive vaccine research. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two decades have passed since the first reverse genetics system for the rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus was developed. Since then, the recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector has shown promising results as a safe and potent vector for development of many vaccines for both avian and human use. Herein, we review several technical topics that would be useful to further understanding of this technology. First, the effect of using helper plasmids encoding proteins belonging to strains other than the full-length cDNA and the possible incorporation of these expressed proteins into progeny virus will be discussed. Then, we will discuss the effect of removal of additional G residues from the T7 initiation sequence and finally, we will review different ways to improve rescue efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research & Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdou Nagy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharqyiah 44519, Egypt
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43
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Igwe AO, Nnsewo UE, Eze DC, Abba Y, Okoye JOA. Increased doses of La Sota vaccine increased Newcastle disease antibody response significantly in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1645675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarachukwu O. Igwe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Ubon E. Nnsewo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Didacus C. Eze
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - John O. A. Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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