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Samaddar A, Kaviraj A, Nielsen I, Saha S. Recycling of animal protein wastes in the formulation of feed for Labeo rohita and Mystus vittatus-a comparative evaluation. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:93. [PMID: 38430451 PMCID: PMC10908637 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are key players in the fermentation of organic wastes and their recycling as feedstuff for fish. Whey, a common dairy byproduct in India, is a cheap source of LAB and can be used to ferment animal byproducts. An experimental study was designed to explore whether the whey fermented animal protein blend (WFAPB) could be used as a fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for both stomach-less carp fish Labeo rohita and stomach-bearing catfish Mystus vittatus. Experiments were performed with five isoproteinous, isolipidous, and isoenergetic feeds with WFAPB replacing fishmeal (FM) by 0% (T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4), and 100% (T5). Fifteen days of laboratory experiments with these experimental feeds revealed that more than 50% FM replacement level could result in excess postprandial absorption (6 h) of some essential and non-essential amino acids in the plasma of both fish. The postprandial absorption was more in M. vittatus than L. rohita. Ninety-day experiments were conducted in outdoor cement vats to measure growths and deposition of amino acids (AA) in muscle. Regression analysis was performed to find the optimal FM replacement based on four growth parameters and fifteen AA deposition in muscle. A two-phase fuzzy methodology was used to obtain Pareto-optimal replacement levels for each fish. The results demonstrated that FM replacement levels were 7.63% and 36.79% respectively for L. rohita and M. vittatus when only four growth parameters were considered. However, based on the FM replacement level that maximized deposition of 15 amino acids and growth parameters, it was found that 12.23% and 40.02% replacement of FM by the WFAPB was ideal respectively for L. rohita and M. vittatus. The results revealed that only a fraction of both essential and non-essential amino acids absorbed in plasma could be converted into protein and deposited as bound amino acids in the muscle. It is concluded that fermentation by whey is an inexpensive, easily available, and environmentally sustainable technique to recycle animal protein in the formulation of feed for fish, and the stomach-bearing carnivorous fish are more efficient in utilizing fermented animal protein blend than the stomach-less carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Samaddar
- WorldFish - India, Directorate of Fisheries, Cuttack, 753001, Odisha, India
| | - Anilava Kaviraj
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Izabela Nielsen
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Subrata Saha
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, 700160, India.
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García-Avalos EM, Gómez-Oliván LM, Hernández-Navarro MD, Saleem MH, Juan-Reyes NS, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Rosales-Pérez KE. Dietary solutions for aluminum embryotoxicity: A study in Danio rerio using spirulina and okra-spirulina diets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168510. [PMID: 37977388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a versatile element commonly employed in various industries and water treatment processes. However, its presence in aquatic ecosystems can elicit adverse effects on organisms, particularly the Danio rerio fish species. Aluminum exposure has been associated with a spectrum of issues, ranging from oxidative stress to behavioral anomalies, reproductive disruptions, and morphological alterations in these organisms. This research aimed to assess the impact of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) on D. rerio embryos and explore strategies to mitigate its effects. Three dietary groups (commercial, okra-spirulina, and spirulina) were studied, focusing on embryonic development, oxidative damage, and gene expression changes. The study revealed that diets enriched with spirulina and okra-spirulina effectively reduced aluminum-induced embryotoxicity, oxidative stress, and gene expression alterations, surpassing the commercial diet. However, all AlCl3-exposed groups experienced adverse effects on embryonic development, including hatching anomalies, structural deformities, and cardiac delays. The okra-spirulina group showed milder toxic responses. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of spirulina and okra-spirulina diets in mitigating aluminum-triggered oxidative stress and apoptosis in D. rerio. It underscores the need for future research on embryonic development and carries significant implications for environmental conservation and the well-being of aquatic organisms in aluminum-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Mariana García-Avalos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - María Dolores Hernández-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Nely San Juan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Abd Elshafy MB, Abd El-Monem AIM, Khattab IM, Fadl SE, Abou Khadiga G. Nutritional impact of nano zeolite, probiotic, and fatty acids as feed additives on health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Sci Rep 2023; 13:22740. [PMID: 38123621 PMCID: PMC10733319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For human consumption, fish is a good and affordable source of several crucial elements. Growing aquaculture management and output is always necessary. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of probiotics, nano zeolite, and/or medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) on fish health and the chemical composition of the fish body. The experimental fish were distributed into eight groups. T1: Control group fed the basal diet without feed additives, T2: Nano zeolite at a rate of 2 mg/kg diet, T3: Pedococcus at a rate of 2 gm kg diet, T4: Medium chain fatty acids used according to produced company recommendation at a rate of 3.5 gm/kg diet, T5: Nano zeolite (2 mg/kg diet) + Pedococcus (2 mg/kg diet), T6: Nano zeolite (2 mg/kg diet) + Medium chain fatty acids (3.5 gm/kg diet), T7: Pedococcus (2 mg/kg diet) + Medium chain fatty acids (3.5 gm/kg diet), and T8: Nano zeolite (2 mg/kg diet) + Pedococcus (2 mg/kg diet) + Medium chain fatty acids (3.5 gm/kg diet). The obtained results showed an insignificant difference in the body composition of Nile tilapia fish fed feed additives alone or in combination. Moreover, the feed additives did not affect the health status of fish, as indicated by normal liver and kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Bahaa Abd Elshafy
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | | | - Ibrahim M Khattab
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Dept, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Galal Abou Khadiga
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
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