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Santos EG, Wiederhecker HC, Pompermaier VT, Gainsbury AM, Schirmer SC, Morais CVF, Fontenele JL, de Morais Santana MC, Marini MÂ. Urbanization reduces diversity, simplifies community and filter bird species based on their functional traits in a tropical city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173379. [PMID: 38795992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how organisms are coping with major changes imposed by urban intensification is a complex task. In fact, our understanding of the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity is scarce in the global south compared to the north. In this study, we evaluated how bird communities are affected by impact of urban intensification in a tropical city. Thus, we assessed whether increased urban intensification 1) jeopardizes bird diversity (taking into account taxonomic-TD, phylogenetic-PD, and functional-FD dimensions), 2) drives changes in bird community composition and enables the detection of indicator species of such impact, and 3) leads to changes in bird functional traits linked to reproduction, resource acquisition, and survival. We found that urban intensification has a direct impact on the bird community, reducing all three types of diversity. Communities in areas of greater urban intensity are represented by fewer species, and these species are PD and FD less distinct. In addition, we detected at least ten species of areas of lower urban intensity that proved to be more sensitive to urban intensification. With regard to bird traits, we found no significant responses from reproductive, habitat use and feeding variables. Body weight and tail length were the only variables with significant results, with higher urbanization intensity areas selecting for species with lower weights and longer tails. Given the global biodiversity loss we are observing, this information can guide urban managers and planners in designing urban landscapes to maintain biodiversity in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guimarães Santos
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | | | - Vinicius Tirelli Pompermaier
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Alison M Gainsbury
- University of South Florida, St. Petersburg Campus, Department of Integrative Biology, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Sofia Coradini Schirmer
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ângelo Marini
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, 70910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Contrasting effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on urban birds' reproductive success in two cities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17649. [PMID: 34480051 PMCID: PMC8417259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous activity of humans is a fundamental feature of urban environments affecting local wildlife in several ways. Testing the influence of human disturbance would ideally need experimental approach, however, in cities, this is challenging at relevant spatial and temporal scales. Thus, to better understand the ecological effects of human activity, we exploited the opportunity that the city-wide lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic provided during the spring of 2020. We assessed changes in reproductive success of great tits (Parus major) at two urban habitats affected strikingly differently by the ‘anthropause’, and at an unaffected forest site. Our results do not support that urban great tits benefited from reduced human mobility during the lockdown. First, at one of our urban sites, the strongly (− 44%) reduced human disturbance in 2020 (compared to a long-term reference period) did not increase birds’ reproductive output relative to the forest habitat where human disturbance was low in all years. Second, in the other urban habitat, recreational human activity considerably increased (+ 40%) during the lockdown and this was associated with strongly reduced nestling body size compared to the pre-COVID reference year. Analyses of other environmental factors (meteorological conditions, lockdown-induced changes in air pollution) suggest that these are not likely to explain our results. Our study supports that intensified human disturbance can have adverse fitness consequences in urban populations. It also highlights that a few months of ‘anthropause’ is not enough to counterweight the detrimental impacts of urbanization on local wildlife populations.
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Mohd-Taib FS, Mohd-Saleh W, Ismail SNR. Effects of landscape attribute towards bird assemblages in urban areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-021-01151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dyson K. Conserving native trees increases native bird diversity and community composition on commercial office developments. JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In cities, woody vegetation provides critical shelter, nesting and foraging habitat for bird species of interest. Human actions—including development and landscaping choices—determine vegetation community composition and structure, making these choices critically important to urban bird conservation. A better understanding of how bird communities are impacted by parcel-scale actions can help guide policy and management best practices to improve matrix habitat quality and quantity. Here, I examined how bird habitat use varies along a vegetation gradient created by different development and landscaping choices. I surveyed 20 commercial office developments near Seattle in the Puget Trough region of Washington, USA selected using stratified random sampling, where I quantified bird communities and observed feeding behavior. I used GLMM and PERMANOVA models with data likelihood metrics to identify the best supported variables for bird site use, along with TITAN models to identify changes in community composition along environmental gradients. I found that measures of bird effective species richness and bird community are positively influenced by the presence of more native conifers, including the presence of a stand predating development and the height and density of native conifers. Measures of the native bird community are negatively influenced by higher non-native tree density. In contrast to prior research, top-down landscape-scale variables did not explain variation in measures of the bird community on office developments. Importantly, I found that birds are associated with the same habitat on office developments as observed elsewhere. Together, my findings suggest an important role for developers, land owners, landscape architects, and tree protection policy in bird conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dyson
- Urban Ecology Research Lab, Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Gould Hall 432, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Dendrolytics, 4616 25th Ave NE, #558, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Shriver WG, Ladin ZS, Buler J, D’Amico V. Non-native shrubs and calcium availability are important for birds breeding in urban forests. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cooper DS, Shultz AJ, Blumstein DT. Temporally Separated Data Sets Reveal Similar Traits of Birds Persisting in a United States Megacity. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Andrade M, Blumstein DT. Anti-predator behavior along elevational and latitudinal gradients in dark-eyed juncos. Curr Zool 2020; 66:239-245. [PMID: 32440284 PMCID: PMC7234012 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flight-initiation distance (FID), the distance between an individual and experimenter when it begins to flee, can be used to quantify risk-assessment. Among other factors, prior studies have shown that latitude explains significant variation in avian FID: at lower latitudes, individuals and species have longer FIDs than those living at higher latitudes. No prior studies have focused on the effect of elevation on FID. Given the similar patterns of seasonality, climate, and potentially predator density, that covary between latitude and elevation, birds at higher elevations might tolerate closer approaches. We asked whether elevation or latitude would explain more variation in the FID of a common passerine bird species, dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis). Juncos live in a variety of habitats along both latitudinal and elevational gradients. We found that statistical models containing elevation as a variable explained more of the variation in FID than did models containing latitude. We also found, unexpectedly, that birds at higher elevation fled at greater distances. While more predators were sighted per hour at higher elevations than at lower elevations, the frequency of predator sightings did not explain a significant amount of variation in FID. This result questions whether predator density is the main driver of risk perception along elevational gradients. Nonetheless, because elevation explains more variation in FID than latitude in at least one species, these findings have direct implications on how human impacts on birds are managed. Specifically, those designing set-back zones to reduce human impact on birds may consider modifying them based on both latitude and elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelin Andrade
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Daniel T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Warren PS, Lerman SB, Andrade R, Larson KL, Bateman HL. The more things change: species losses detected in Phoenix despite stability in bird–socioeconomic relationships. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paige S. Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts 160 Holdsworth Way Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Susannah B. Lerman
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station 160 Holdsworth Way Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Riley Andrade
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University P.O. Box 875302 Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Kelli L. Larson
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University P.O. Box 875302 Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
- School of Sustainability Arizona State University P.O. Box 875302 Tempe Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Heather L. Bateman
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts Arizona State University 6073 South Backus Mall Mesa Arizona 85212 USA
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Phillips JN, Gentry KE, Luther DA, Derryberry EP. Surviving in the city: higher apparent survival for urban birds but worse condition on noisy territories. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Phillips
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University 400 Boggs New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State University 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo California 93407 USA
| | - Katherine E. Gentry
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47906 USA
- Biology Department George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030 USA
| | - David A. Luther
- Biology Department George Mason University Fairfax Virginia 22030 USA
- Smithsonian Mason School of Conservation 1500 Remount Road Front Royal Virginia 22630 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Derryberry
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee 37996‐1610 USA
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Partridge DR, Clark JA. Urban green roofs provide habitat for migrating and breeding birds and their arthropod prey. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202298. [PMID: 30157217 PMCID: PMC6114707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is rapidly urbanizing, and many previously biodiverse areas are now mostly composed of impervious surface. This loss of natural habitat causes local bird communities to become dominated by urban dweller and urban utilizer species and reduces the amount of habitat available for migrating and breeding birds. Green roofs can increase green space in urban landscapes, potentially providing new habitat for wildlife. We surveyed birds and arthropods, an important food source for birds, on green roofs and nearby comparable conventional (non-green) roofs in New York City during spring migration and summer breeding seasons. We predicted that green roofs would have a greater abundance and richness of both birds and arthropods than conventional roofs during both migration and the breeding season for birds. Furthermore, we predicted we would find more urban avoider and urban utilizer bird species on green roofs than conventional roofs. We found that both birds and arthropods were more abundant and rich on green roofs than conventional roofs. In addition, green roofs hosted more urban avoider and utilizer bird species than conventional roofs. Our study shows that birds use green roofs as stopover habitat during migration and as foraging habitat during the breeding season. Establishing green roofs in urban landscapes increases the amount of habitat available for migrating and breeding birds and can partially mitigate the loss of habitat due to increasing urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Partridge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Alan Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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Seress G, Hammer T, Bókony V, Vincze E, Preiszner B, Pipoly I, Sinkovics C, Evans KL, Liker A. Impact of urbanization on abundance and phenology of caterpillars and consequences for breeding in an insectivorous bird. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:1143-1156. [PMID: 29679462 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization can have marked effects on plant and animal populations' phenology, population size, predator-prey, interactions and reproductive success. These aspects are rarely studied simultaneously in a single system, and some are rarely investigated, e.g., how insect phenology responds to urban development. Here, we study a tri-trophic system of trees, phytophagous insects (caterpillars), and insectivorous birds (Great Tits) to assess how urbanization influences (1) the phenology of each component of this system, (2) insect abundance, and (3) avian reproductive success. We use data from two urban and two forest sites in Hungary, central Europe, collected over four consecutive years. Despite a trend of earlier leaf emergence in urban sites, there is no evidence for an earlier peak in caterpillar abundance. Thus, contrary to the frequently stated prediction in the literature, the earlier breeding of urban bird populations is not associated with an earlier peak in caterpillar availability. Despite this the seasonal dynamics of caterpillar biomass exhibited striking differences between habitat types with a single clear peak in forests, and several much smaller peaks in urban sites. Caterpillar biomass was higher in forests than urban areas across the entire sampling period, and between 8.5 and 24 times higher during the first brood's chick-rearing period. This higher biomass was not associated with taller trees in forest sites, or with tree species identity, and occurred despite most of our focal trees being native to the study area. Urban Great Tits laid smaller clutches, experienced more frequent nestling mortality from starvation, reared fewer offspring to fledging age, and their fledglings had lower body mass. Our study strongly indicates that food limitation is responsible for lower avian reproductive success in cities, which is driven by reduced availability of the preferred nestling diet, i.e., caterpillars, rather than phenological shifts in the timing of peak food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Seress
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hammer
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Veronika Bókony
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernő Vincze
- MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Bálint Preiszner
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Ivett Pipoly
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Csenge Sinkovics
- MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Karl L Evans
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - András Liker
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
- MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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Charmantier A, Demeyrier V, Lambrechts M, Perret S, Grégoire A. Urbanization Is Associated with Divergence in Pace-of-Life in Great Tits. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Shryock B, Marzluff JM, Moskal LM. Urbanization Alters the Influence of Weather and an Index of Forest Productivity on Avian Community Richness and Guild Abundance in the Seattle Metropolitan Area. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tomasevic JA, Marzluff JM. Cavity nesting birds along an urban-wildland gradient: is human facilitation structuring the bird community? Urban Ecosyst 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-016-0605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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