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Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) Protects Kidney from Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury via Regulation of TLR4/MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6869730. [PMID: 35983075 PMCID: PMC9381282 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6869730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can mediate innate activation and inflammation, and it is typically expressed within the ischemic kidney. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) acts as an immunoregulator with a high expression in the kidney induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Exogenous ALR has indicated a role in protecting the kidney from I/R injury. The protective effect of ALR is due to the immune regulatory function which remains to be elucidated. In this study, rats induced by renal I/R were treated with recombinant human ALR (rhALR) and demonstrated that the animals were protected from kidney I/R injury, implying that the rhALR-treated rats had less tubular damage than those untreated rats. Meanwhile, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, neutrophil (24 h) and macrophage (72 h) infiltration to tubulointerstitium, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were decreased considerably in the rhALR-treated rats as compared to control. Additionally, rhALR could downregulate mRNA expression of TLR4 endogenous ligands and restrain its activation in renal I/R injury rats. It has also been proved that anti-rhALR antibody blocked the inhibition of rhALR of the immune inflammatory response in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro. In rhALR+anti-rhALR antibody-intervened H/R cells, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was upregulated compared with the rhALR-treated cells. Taken together, rhALR could regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway to relieve inflammatory response, thereby protecting renal I/R injury, indicating that ALR is likely to be introduced to develop novel immune therapies for renal I/R injury.
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Liao YJ, Ma YX, Huang LL, Zhang Z, Tan FY, Deng LL, Cao D, Zeng XJ, Yu GQ, Liao XH. Augmenter of liver regeneration protects the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting necroptosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5152-5167. [PMID: 35164651 PMCID: PMC8974178 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2037248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI), and necroptosis-related interventions may therefore be an important measure for the treatment of AKI. Our previous study has shown that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) inhibits renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and regulates autophagy; however, the influence of ALR on necroptosis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ALR on necroptosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion and the underlying mechanism. In vivo experiments indicated that kidney-specific knockout of ALR aggravated the renal dysfunction and pathological damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Simultaneously, the expression of renal necroptosis-associated protein receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) significantly increased. In vitro experiments indicated that overexpression of ALR decreased the expression of hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced kidney injury molecules, the inflammation-associated factor tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein. Additionally, the expression of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, which are elevated after hypoxia and reoxygenation, was also inhibited by ALR overexpression. Both in vivo and in vitro results indicated that ALR has a protective effect against acute kidney injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, and the RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway should be further verified as a probable necroptosis regulating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Juan Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-Yan Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Li Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Sanbo Changan Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Jia Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Quan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Weng J, Wang X, Xu B, Li W. Augmenter of liver regeneration ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury in steatotic liver via inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:863. [PMID: 34178136 PMCID: PMC8220637 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes from donors with preexisting hepatic steatosis exhibited increased sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) protected the liver against IRI, but the mechanism was not clarified. Therefore, the hypothesis that ALR attenuated IRI in steatotic liver by inhibition of inflammation and downregulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was examined. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce liver steatosis. Mice were transfected with ALR-containing adenovirus 3 days prior to partial warm hepatic IRI. After 30 min of ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion injury, liver function, hepatic injury, the inflammatory response and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation were assessed. ALR maintained liver function and alleviated hepatic injury as indicated by the decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), preserved hepatic structure and reduced apoptosis. ALR also reduced the IRI-induced inflammatory response by suppressing Kupffer cell activation, inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis and reducing inflammatory cytokine production. Further investigation using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that ALR reduced TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation, which led to a decreased synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. ALR functioned as a regulator of the IRI-induced inflammatory response by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which supports the use of ALR in therapeutic applications for fatty liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Municipal Laboratory of Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomy in small dogs: an easy and effective new technique. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202089040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present report describes a novel approach to and presents the surgical results for laparoscopic hepatectomy of the left lobes in small dogs. A purely laparoscopic four-port approach was used in seven beagles. The left triangular ligament was cut first, then the base of the left medial lobe (LMB) was ligated with silk thread using a needle, and the liver parenchyma of the LMB approximately 0.5 cm above the ligation site was removed with LigaSure. The left lateral lobe (LLB) was removed in the same manner. Blood was collected on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 14 for laboratory testing. Left hepatic lobe resection was successfully completed in all dogs, with an average operation time of 102.53 ± 9.07 min and an average blood loss of 32.10 ± 6.43 ml. Serious postoperative complications were not observed. The white blood cell (WBC) count and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level were significantly increased in experimental dogs 1 day after surgery (P< 0.05); aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were significantly different before and after surgery (P< 0.01); and all the indicators were basically normal seven days after the operation. Exploratory laparoscopy at 28 days revealed adhesion of the surface of the liver section to the omentum or the gastric wall, but there were no other abnormal findings. The combined application of liver pedicle ligation and LigaSure for liver lobectomy provides a simple and effective method for generating liver lobectomy models for research on liver disease and regeneration and a feasible laparoscopic liver lobectomy operation scheme for small dogs (10–15 kg).
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Zhang T, Ma S, Liu C, Hu K, Xu M, Wang R. Rosmarinic Acid Prevents Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Attenuation of ROS/MYPT1/TGFβ1 Signaling Via miR-19b-3p. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820968413. [PMID: 33149731 PMCID: PMC7580151 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820968413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by irradiation remains obscure. Since rosmarinic acid (RA) have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we aimed to evaluate the effect of RA on the X-ray-induced lung injury. Male rats received RA (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg) 7 days before 15 Gy of X-ray irradiation. Here, we showed that RA reduced X-ray-induced the expression of inflammatory related factors, and the level of reactive oxygen species. RA down-regulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). We found that thoracic tumor patients whose lung regions received radiation showed lower level of microRNA-19b-3p (miR-19b-3p). Furthermore, we provided evidence that miR-19b-3p targets myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), and RA attenuated RhoA/Rock signaling through upregulating miR-19b-3p, leading to the inhibition of fibrosis. In conclusion, RA may be an effective agent to relieve the pulmonary fibrosis caused by radiotherapy of thoracic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Long RT, Peng JB, Huang LL, Jiang GP, Liao YJ, Sun H, Hu YD, Liao XH. Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Alleviates Renal Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Mol Cells 2019; 42:893-905. [PMID: 31822044 PMCID: PMC6939649 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion processes that closely related to their function. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been demonstrated in acute kidney injury (AKI), which could eventually result in cell injury and death. Previously, we reported that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) alleviates renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Here, we gained further insights into whether the renoprotective roles of ALR are associated with mitochondrial dynamics. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were examined in experimental models of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury in vitro , dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission process protein 1 (MTFP1), two key proteins of mitochondrial fission, were downregulated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression additionally had an impact on phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637 during AKI. The inner membrane fusion protein, Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), was significantly increased whereas levels of outer membrane fusion proteins Mitofusin-1 and -2 (Mfn1, Mfn2) were not affected in the Lv-ALR + HR group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was highly activated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression led to suppression of HR-induced apoptosis. Our collective findings indicate that ALR gene transfection alleviates mitochondrial injury, possibly through inhibiting fission and promoting fusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane, both of which contribute to reduction of HK-2 cell apoptosis. Additionally, fission processes are potentially mediated by promoting tubular cell survival through activating the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-ting Long
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
| | - Jun-bo Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
| | - Li-li Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
| | - Gui-ping Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
| | - Yue-juan Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
| | - Yu-dong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
| | - Xiao-hui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010,
China
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Weiss TS, Lupke M, Dayoub R, Geissler EK, Schlitt HJ, Melter M, Eggenhofer E. Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Reduces Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Less Chemokine Expression, Gr-1 Infiltration and Oxidative Stress. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111421. [PMID: 31718093 PMCID: PMC6912457 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication in liver resection and transplantation. Here, we analyzed the impact of recombinant human augmenter of liver regeneration (rALR), an anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic protein, on the deleterious process induced by ischemia reperfusion (IR). Application of rALR reduced tissue damage (necrosis), levels of lipid peroxidation (oxidative stress) and expression of anti-oxidative genes in a mouse IRI model. Damage associated molecule pattern (DAMP) and inflammatory cytokines such as HMGB1 and TNFα, were not affected by rALR. Furthermore, we evaluated infiltration of inflammatory cells into liver tissue after IRI and found no change in CD3 or γδTCR positive cells, or expression of IL17/IFNγ by γδTCR cells. The quantity of Gr-1 positive cells (neutrophils), and therefore, myeloperoxidase activity, was lower in rALR-treated mice. Moreover, we found under hypoxic conditions attenuated ROS levels after ALR treatment in RAW264.7 cells and in primary mouse hepatocytes. Application of rALR also led to reduced expression of chemo-attractants like CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCl2 in hepatocytes. In addition, ALR expression was increased in IR mouse livers after 3 h and in biopsies from human liver transplants with minimal signs of tissue damage. Therefore, ALR attenuates IRI through reduced neutrophil tissue infiltration mediated by lower expression of key hepatic chemokines and reduction of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Weiss
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.L.); (R.D.); (M.M.)
- Center for Liver Cell Research, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9419442195
| | - Madeleine Lupke
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.L.); (R.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Rania Dayoub
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.L.); (R.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Edward K. Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.K.G.); (H.J.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.K.G.); (H.J.S.); (E.E.)
| | - Michael Melter
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.L.); (R.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.K.G.); (H.J.S.); (E.E.)
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Augmenter of liver regeneration promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2019; 23:695-706. [PMID: 30259216 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the center of energy metabolism in the cell and the preferential target of various toxicants and ischemic injury. Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury triggers proximal tubule injury and the mitochondria are believed to be the primary subcellular target of I/R injury. The promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is critical for the prevention I/R injury. The results of our previous study showed that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) has anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant functions. However, the modulatory mechanism of ALR remains unclear and warrants further investigation. To gain further insight into the role of ALR in MB, human kidney (HK)-2 cells were treated with lentiviruses carrying ALR short interfering RNA (siRNA) and a model of hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro was created. We observed that knockdown of ALR promoted apoptosis of renal tubular cells and aggravated mitochondrial injury, as evidenced by the decrease in the mitochondrial respiratory proteins adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit β, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) beta subcomplex 8. Meanwhile, the production of reactive oxygen species was increased and ATP levels were decreased significantly in HK-2 cells, as compared with the siRNA/control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the mitochondrial DNA copy number and membrane potential were markedly decreased. Furthermore, critical transcriptional regulators of MB (i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, mitochondrial transcription factor A, sirtuin-1, and nuclear respiratory factor-1) were depleted in the siRNA/ALR group. Taken together, these findings unveil essential roles of ALR in the inhibition of renal tubular cell apoptosis and attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting MB in AKI.
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Tang F, Fan K, Wang K, Bian C. Amygdalin attenuates acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide by regulating the NLRP3, NF-κB and Nrf2/NQO1 signalling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:527-536. [PMID: 30597306 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome accompanied by overwhelming inflammation. Amygdalin (AGD) has been reported to possess various biological activities, particularly anti-inflammatory activity. The current study was designed to assess the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of AGD against ALI induced by d-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The results indicated that AGD treatment effectively reduced the lethality, ameliorated the histopathological liver changes, reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and decreased the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels resulting from LPS/GalN challenge. Moreover, AGD significantly inhibited LPS/GalN-induced inflammatory responses in mice with ALI by reducing not only the secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 but also the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Additionally, our results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of AGD was due to the suppressed activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nucleotide-binding domain (NOD-)like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity. Furthermore, AGD treatment substantially increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and enhanced NAD (P) H: quinoneoxidoreductase 1 protein expression, which was reversed by a Nrf2 inhibitor, in HepG2 cells. In summary, our investigations suggested that the ability of AGD to ameliorate LPS/GalN-induced ALI may involve the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signalling pathways and the upregulation of the Nrf2/NQO1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayin Tang
- College of pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Xi'an Road 5333#, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kefeng Fan
- College of pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Kunli Wang
- College of pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Chuanzhou Bian
- College of pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
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Augmenter of liver regeneration: Essential for growth and beyond. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 45:65-80. [PMID: 30579845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a well-orchestrated process that is triggered by tissue loss due to trauma or surgical resection and by hepatocellular death induced by toxins or viral infections. Due to the central role of the liver for body homeostasis, intensive research was conducted to identify factors that might contribute to hepatic growth and regeneration. Using a model of partial hepatectomy several factors including cytokines and growth factors that regulate this process were discovered. Among them, a protein was identified to specifically support liver regeneration and therefore was named ALR (Augmenter of Liver Regeneration). ALR protein is encoded by GFER (growth factor erv1-like) gene and can be regulated by various stimuli. ALR is expressed in different tissues in three isoforms which are associated with multiple functions: The long forms of ALR were found in the inner-mitochondrial space (IMS) and the cytosol. Mitochondrial ALR (23 kDa) was shown to cooperate with Mia40 to insure adequate protein folding during import into IMS. On the other hand short form ALR, located mainly in the cytosol, was attributed with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties as well as its inflammation and metabolism modulating effects. Although a considerable amount of work has been devoted to summarizing the knowledge on ALR, an investigation of ALR expression in different organs (location, subcellular localization) as well as delineation between the isoforms and function of ALR is still missing. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of ALR structure and expression of different ALR isoforms. Furthermore, we highlight the functional role of endogenously expressed and exogenously applied ALR, as well as an analysis of the clinical importance of ALR, with emphasis on liver disease and in vivo models, as well as the consequences of mutations in the GFER gene.
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Wu M, Hu M, Tong H, Liu J, Jiang H, Zhang M, Su L, Li M, Feng Y, Cheng B. Regulatory mechanism of ulinastatin on autophagy of macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Kidney ischemia and hypoxia can cause renal cell apoptosis and activation of inflammatory cells, which lead to the release of inflammatory factors and ultimately result in the damage of kidney tissue and the whole body. Renal tubular cell and macrophage autophagy can reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing the activation of inflammatory cytoplasm and its key effector protein, caspase-1, which reduces the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 and other inflammatory factors. Ulinastatin (UTI), as a glycoprotein drug, inhibits the activity of multiple proteases and reduces myocardial damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion by upregulating autophagy. However, it can be raised by macrophage autophagy, reduce the production of ROS, and ultimately reduce the expression of inflammatory mediators, thereby reducing renal cell injury, promote renal function recovery is not clear. In this study, a series of cell experiments have shown that ulinastatin is reduced by regulating the autophagy of renal tubular epithelial cells and macrophages to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-1), and then, increase the activity of the cells under the sugar oxygen deprivation model. The simultaneous use of cellular autophagy agonists Rapamycin (RAPA) and ulinastatin has a synergistic effect on the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , ShenZhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
- Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
| | - Min Hu
- Emergency Department, Changhai Hospital , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Huansheng Tong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine , Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region) , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Junying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology , Shen Zhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , ShenZhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , The People’ Hospital of Qin Yuan , Qin Yuan 511500 , China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine , Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region) , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Mingli Li
- Department of interventional therapy , Shen Zhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , P.R. China
| | - Yongwen Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine , ShenZhen No.2 People’s Hospital , Shenzhen 518035 , China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou School of Clinical Medicine , Southern Medical University (Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region) , Guangzhou 510010 , China
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Wang W, Li X, Xu J. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharides induced acute liver injury of rat via regulation of the p38-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:262-267. [PMID: 29486613 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1441300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute hepatic failure involves in serious inflammatory responses and leads to a high mortality. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG), a magnesium salt of 18-α glycyrrhizic acid (GA) stereoisomer, has been shown anti-inflammatory activity previously. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of MgIG, a hepatocyte protective agent, on D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (D-GaIN/LPS)-induced acute liver injury in rats, and meanwhile explore the molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with D-GaIN/LPS (800 mg/kgBW/10 μg/kgBW) with or without administration of MgIG (225 mg/kg once 6 h after D-GaIN/LPS injection and MgIG 45 mg/kg twice in another 12 h, intraperitoneal injection). Rats were sacrificed 24 h after D-GaIN/LPS injection, the blood and liver samples were collected for future inflammation and hepatotoxicity analyses. RESULTS MgIG significantly inhibited D-GaIN/LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production and hepatotoxicity as indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels] and histopathological analysis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that MgIG significantly decreased p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by D-GaIN/LPS. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the protective effects of MgIG on D-GaIN/LPS-induced acute liver injury might be correlated with its capacity to regulate the p38-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , P R China
| | - XiaoGuang Li
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , P R China
| | - Jie Xu
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , P R China
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Luo B, Chen K, Feng Q, Xiao W, Ma D, Yang H, Zhang C. The interplay of BMP4 and IL‑7 regulates the apoptosis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes under conditions of ischemia̸reperfusion. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2640-2650. [PMID: 29436597 PMCID: PMC5846653 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and function of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) have been found to be significantly reduced following induction of acute intestinal mucosal damage via intestinal ischemia̸reperfusion (I̸R). However, the mechanism underlying this reduction remains unclear. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the interplay of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 and interleukin (IL)‑7 regulates IEL function and number. Recent studies have demonstrated that the different components of the BMP2̸4 signaling pathway are expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via the activation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB. In the present study, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction analysis and flow cytometry demonstrated that IELs express BMP receptors (BMPRIA, BMPRIB, ActRIA and BMPRII) and non‑canonical signal transduction molecules (NF‑κB). an in vivo mouse intestinal I̸R model was used, and I̸R was shown to increase the expression of BMP4 in IECs and upregulate the expression levels of BMPRIA, BMPRIB and phosphorylated NF‑κB in IELs. Following isolation and culture of IELs, it was observed that exogenous BMP4 also upregulated the expression of BMPRIA and BMPRIB and activated NF‑κB signaling in IELs, inducing IEL apoptosis. In addition, the rate of apoptosis of IELs decreased following treatment with the BMP‑specific antagonist Noggin or with the NF‑κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Furthermore, it was observed that exogenous IL‑7 can decrease BMP4 protein expression in IECs and the expression of phosphorylated NF‑κB protein in IELs. The findings of the present study suggest that, under conditions of I̸R, IEC‑derived BMP4 activates NF‑κB signaling in IELs, inducing IEL apoptosis, further aggravating the dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier. However, these effects may be alleviated by IL‑7 treatment. Therefore, BMP4 and IL‑7 appear to be involved in the interaction between IECs and IELs and in the mechanism underlying intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Luo
- Department of General Surgery Two, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Zhu X, Shi J, li H, Chen F. Retracted Article: PVT1 knockdown alleviates vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury by targeting miR-124 via inactivation of NF-κB signaling. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31725-31734. [PMID: 35548198 PMCID: PMC9086227 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious threat for human health and life. High dose of vancomycin (VAN) can give rise to AKI. The roles and molecular basis of long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in VAN-induced AKI have been poorly defined till now. Protein levels of p65, phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα), phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by western blot assay. RNA levels of PVT1 and microRNA-124 (miR-124) were determined by RT-qPCR assay. HK-2 cell apoptosis was detected by an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay. Kidney functions were assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, serum creatinine (Scr) level, histopathologic analysis, and TUNEL assay. Bioinformatical analysis, luciferase reporter assay, RIP and RNA pull down assays were performed to explore whether PVT1 could interact with miR-124. PVT1 was highly expressed in VAN-induced AKI models. Functional analysis revealed that PVT1 knockdown ameliorated VAN-induced AKI in vivo. Further exploration manifested that PVT1 directly interacted with miR-124. Moreover, the silencing of PVT1 abated VAN-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis in vitro, while this effect was reversed by the miR-124 inhibitor. Also, VAN treatment resulted in the reduction of miR-124 expression and the activation of NF-κB signaling in HK-2 cells. The inhibition of NF-κB alleviated VAN-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis. PVT1 activated NF-κB signaling by targeting miR-124 in VAN-induced HK-2 cells. PVT1 knockdown lessened VAN-induced AKI by targeting miR-124 via inactivating the NF-κB signaling, elucidating the critical roles and molecular basis of PVT1 in VAN-induced AKI and highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic values of PVT1 in AKI. PVT1 was highly expressed in the kidneys of VAN-induced AKI mice.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Huicong li
- Department of Nephrology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
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Tong F, Zhou X. The Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Mediates the Antagonist Effect of L-Arginine On Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:519-529. [PMID: 28854440 DOI: 10.1159/000480362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the most common cause of acute renal injury. I/R-induced oxidative stress is involved in the development of acute renal injury, which can be reversed by supplementation with L-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO). This study was conducted to evaluate alterations in the expression of transcription factors [nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)] and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the kidney of I/R-induced injury rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Group 1, Sham; group 2, I/R; group 3, L-arginine; and group 4, L-arginine+zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP). The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum nitric oxide (NO), histic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined, and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NF-κB, and HSP70 were evaluated. RESULTS The treatment of rats with L-arginine produced a significant reduction in the levels of BUN, Scr, MDA and a significant enhancement in the level of NO and in the activity of SOD compared to renal I/R groups. The expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and HSP70 were strongly increased, and the expression of NF-κB and production of ROS were significantly decreased in the L-arginine group compared to that of the I/R group. ZnPP increased renal damage and displayed effects opposite to those of L-arginine. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that L-arginine/NO reduces renal dysfunction associated with I/R of the kidney and may act as a trigger to regulate the NF-κB, HSP70 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascades.
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Nalesnik MA, Gandhi CR, Starzl TE. Augmenter of liver regeneration: A fundamental life protein. Hepatology 2017; 66:266-270. [PMID: 28085209 PMCID: PMC5682950 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Nalesnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Thomas E. Starzl
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Dayoub R, Buerger L, Ibrahim S, Melter M, Weiss TS. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) exhibits a dual signaling impact on hepatic acute-phase response. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:428-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pu T, Liao XH, Sun H, Guo H, Jiang X, Peng JB, Zhang L, Liu Q. Augmenter of liver regeneration regulates autophagy in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Apoptosis 2017; 22:955-969. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chen W, Lin YJ, Zhou XY, Chen H, Jin Y. Rosiglitazone protects rat liver against acute liver injury associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:28-34. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone, which is mainly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, is also involved in the regulation of inflammation. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ receptor subtype appears to play a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation. However, the exact mechanism for the protective effects of rosiglitazone against inflammation such as liver injury remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on inflammation in the liver of rats treated with D-GaIN/LPS. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with D-GaIN/LPS with or without pre-administration of rosiglitazone (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). Our data showed that rosiglitazone significantly inhibited D-GaIN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum aminotransferase activities) and histopathological analysis. Western blot analysis showed that rosiglitazone significantly decreased protein expression levels of COX-2 and production of pro-inflammatory markers, including TNF-α and IL-6, in D-GaIN/LPS-treated rat liver. The results indicated that the inhibition of D-GaIN/LPS-induced inflammation by rosiglitazone can be attributed, at least partially, to its capacity to regulate the the immunoregulatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Jie Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ya Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Yu Y, Li M, Su N, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Yu H, Xu Y. Honokiol protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via the suppression of oxidative stress, iNOS, inflammation and STAT3 in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1353-60. [PMID: 26647858 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is the predominant active ingredient in the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, Magnolia, which has been confirmed in previous studies to exhibit anti-oxidation, antimicrobial, antitumor and other pharmacological effects. However, its effects on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the effects of honokiol on renal IRI, and to investigate its potential protective mechanisms in the heart. Male adult Wistar albino rats were induced into a renal IRI model. Subsequently, the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the levels of serum nitrite and the kidney nitrite were examined in the IRI group. The levels of oxidative stress, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory factors and caspase-3 were evaluated using a series of commercially available kits. The levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and the protein expression levels of STAT3 were determined using western blotting. Pretreatment with honokiol significantly reduced the levels of serum creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST and ALP, and the level of nitrite in the kidney of the IRI group, compared with the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde, the activity of myeloperoxidase, and the gene expression and activity of iNOS were reduced in the IRI rats, compared with the sham-operated rats, whereas the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased following treatment with honokiol in the IRI rats. In addition, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the IRI rats were increased by honokiol. Treatment with honokiol suppressed the protein expression levels of p-STAT3 and caspase-3 in the IRI rats. These findings indicated that honokiol protects against renal IRI via the suppression of oxidative stress, iNOS, inflammation and STAT3 in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Mingxv Li
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Haidan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Yingluan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Navy General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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Tang GH, Yang HY, Zhang JC, Ren JJ, Sang XT, Lu X, Zhong SX, Mao YL. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate inhibits inflammatory response through STAT3 pathway to protect remnant liver function. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12370-12380. [PMID: 26604644 PMCID: PMC4649120 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) on excessive hepatectomy animal model and its possible mechanism.
METHODS: We used the standard 90% hepatectomy model in Sprague-Dawley rats developed using the modified Emond’s method, in which the left, middle, right upper, and right lower lobes of the liver were removed. Rats with 90% liver resection were divided into three groups, and were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mL saline (control group), 30 mg/kg (low-dose group) and 60 mg/kg (high-dose group) of MgIG, respectively. Animals were sacrificed at various time points and blood was drawn from the vena cava. Biochemical tests were performed with an automatic biochemical analyzer for the following items: serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl endopeptidase, total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), total protein, albumin, blood glucose (Glu), hyper-sensitivity C-reactive protein, prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). Postoperative survival time was observed hourly until death. Hepatocyte regeneration was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and iNOS) was analyzed by ELISA. STAT3 protein and mRNA were analyzed by Western blot and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, respectively.
RESULTS: The high-dose group demonstrated a significantly prolonged survival time, compared with both the control and the low-dose groups (22.0 ± 4.7 h vs 8.9 ± 2.0 vs 10.3 ± 3.3 h, P = 0.018). There were significant differences among the groups in ALT, Glu and PT levels starting from 6 h after surgery. The ALT levels were significantly lower in the MgIG treated groups than in the control group. Both Glu and PT levels were significantly higher in the MgIG treated groups than in the control group. At 12 h, ALT, AST, TBil, DBil and TT levels showed significant differences between the MgIG treated groups and the control group. No significant differences in hepatocyte regeneration were found. Compared to the control group, the high-dose group showed a significantly increase in serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-10, and a decrease in IL-6. Both STAT3 protein and mRNA levels were significantly lower in the MgIG treated groups than in the control group at 6 h, 12 h, and 18 h after surgery.
CONCLUSION: High-dose MgIG can extend survival time in rats after excessive hepatectomy. This hepatoprotective effect is mediated by inhibiting the inflammatory response through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway.
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Dexmedetomidine Inhibits TLR4/NF-κB Activation and Reduces Acute Kidney Injury after Orthotopic Autologous Liver Transplantation in Rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16849. [PMID: 26585410 PMCID: PMC4653646 DOI: 10.1038/srep16849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation often sustain acute kidney injury(AKI). The toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/Nuclear factor-кB(NF-кB) pathway plays a role in AKI. Dexmedetomidine(Dex) has been shown to attenuate AKI. The current study aimed to determine whether liver transplantation-induced AKI is associated with inflammatory response, and to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on kidneys in rats following orthotopic autologous liver transplantation(OALT). Seventy-seven adult male rats were randomized into 11 groups. Kidney tissue histopathology and levels of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum creatinine(SCr) were evaluated. Levels of TLR4, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β levels were measured in kidney tissues. OALT resulted in significant kidney functional impairment and tissue injury. Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine decreased BUN and SCr levels and reduced kidney pathological injury, TLR4 expression, translocation of NF-κB, and cytokine production. The effects of dexmedetomidine were reversed by pre-treatment with atipamezole and BRL44408, but not ARC239. These results were confirmed by using α2A-adrenergic receptor siRNA which reversed the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on attenuating NRK-52E cells injury induced by hypoxia reoxygenation. In conclusion, Dexmedetomidine-pretreatment attenuates OALT-induced AKI in rats which may be contributable to its inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation. The renoprotective effects are related to α2A-adrenergic receptor subtypes.
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Guo SX, Fang Q, You CG, Jin YY, Wang XG, Hu XL, Han CM. Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats by suppressing oxidative stress induced apoptosis and inflammation. J Transl Med 2015; 13:183. [PMID: 26047940 PMCID: PMC4467622 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early acute kidney injury (AKI) in severely burned patients predicts a high mortality that is multi-factorial. Hydrogen has been reported to alleviate organ injury via selective quenching of reactive oxygen species. This study investigated the potential protective effects of hydrogen against severe burn-induced early AKI in rats. Methods Severe burn were induced via immersing the shaved back of rats into a 100°C bath for 15 s. Fifty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham, Burn + saline, and Burn + hydrogen-rich saline (HS) groups, and renal function and the apoptotic index were measured. Kidney histopathology and immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA and western blotting were performed on the sera or renal tissues of burned rats to explore the underlying effects and mechanisms at varying time points post burn. Results Renal function and tubular apoptosis were improved by HS treatment. In addition, the oxidation–reduction potential and malondialdehyde levels were markedly reduced with HS treatment, whereas endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased. HS also decreased the myeloperoxidase levels and influenced the release of inflammatory mediators in the sera and renal tissues of the burned rats. The regulatory effects of HS included the inhibition of p38, JNK, ERK and NF-κB activation, and an increase in Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion Hydrogen can attenuate severe burn-induced early AKI; the mechanisms of protection include the inhibition of oxidative stress induced apoptosis and inflammation, which may be mediated by regulation of the MAPKs, Akt and NF-κB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Xue Guo
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Binjiang Branch, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuan-Gang You
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yun-Yun Jin
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xin-Gang Wang
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xin-Lei Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, Binjiang Branch, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1511 Jianghong Road, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chun-Mao Han
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Exploring the Potential of Venom from Nasonia vitripennis as Therapeutic Agent with High-Throughput Screening Tools. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2051-70. [PMID: 26046700 PMCID: PMC4488689 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7062051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom from the ectoparasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) contains at least 80 different proteins and possibly even more peptides or other small chemical compounds, demonstrating its appealing therapeutic application. To better understand the dynamics of the venom in mammalian cells, two high-throughput screening tools were performed. The venom induced pathways related to an early stress response and activated reporters that suggest the involvement of steroids. Whether these steroids reside from the venom itself or show an induced release/production caused by the venom, still remains unsolved. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β was found to be down-regulated after venom and LPS co-treatment, confirming the anti-inflammatory action of N. vitripennis venom. When analyzing the expression levels of the NF-κB target genes, potentially not only the canonical but also the alternative NF-κB pathway can be affected, possibly explaining some counterintuitive results. It is proposed that next to an NF-κB binding site, the promoter of the genes tested by the PCR array may also contain binding sites for other transcription factors, resulting in a complex puzzle to connect the induced target gene with its respective transcription factor. Interestingly, Nasonia venom altered the expression of some drug targets, presenting the venom with an exciting therapeutical potential.
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