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Case study: Pathological and phylogenetic analysis of coccidiosis in two goats with heavy infection of unrecorded Eimeria sp. Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Barba E, Guedes AC, Molina JM, Martín S, Muñoz MC, Ferrer O, Lara PC, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Ruiz A. Immunoprotection against mixed Eimeria spp. infections in goat kids induced by X-irradiated oocysts. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1517-1525. [PMID: 35238997 PMCID: PMC8993715 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to control goat coccidiosis traditionally rely on the use of management practices combined with anticoccidial treatments, and limited effort has been made, so far, to address immunological control of caprine Eimeria infections. Previously, we showed that monospecific immunization with X-Rad-attenuated Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae oocysts induced considerable immunoprotection upon challenge. In the present study, we conducted a similar vaccination trial but using a mixture of caprine Eimeria species typically present in natural infected goats. For immunization, sporulated oocysts were attenuated by X irradiation (20 kilorad). All infections were performed orally applying 105 sporulated oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. per animal. In total, 18 goat kids were grouped as follows: (G1) immunized + challenge infected; (G2) primary + challenge infected; (G3) challenge infection control; and (G4) non-immunized/non-infected control. Overall, goat kids infected with attenuated oocysts (= immunized) shed less oocysts in the faeces and showed a lower degree of clinical coccidiosis than animals infected with non-attenuated oocysts. Animals of both challenge groups (G1 and G2) showed partial immunoprotection upon reinfection when compared to challenge infection control (G3). However, the degree of immunoprotection was less pronounced than recently reported for monospecific vaccination against Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, most probably due to the complexity of the pathogenesis and related immune responses against mixed Eimeria spp. infections. Nevertheless, the data of the present study demonstrate that immunization with attenuated Eimeria spp. oocysts may be worth pursuing as a strategy to control goat coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Barba
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Carmen Guedes
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José Manuel Molina
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Sergio Martín
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Carmen Muñoz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Otilia Ferrer
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pedro Carlos Lara
- University Fernando Pessoa and University Hospital San Roque, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonio Ruiz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Delling C, Daugschies A. Literature Review: Coinfection in Young Ruminant Livestock- Cryptosporidium spp. and Its Companions. Pathogens 2022; 11:103. [PMID: 35056051 PMCID: PMC8777864 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the major causative pathogens of diarrhoea in young ruminants; therefore, it causes economic losses and impairs animal welfare. Besides C. parvum, there are many other non-infectious and infectious factors, such as rotavirus, Escherichia coli, and Giardia duodenalis, which may lead to diarrhoeic disease in young livestock. Often, more than one infectious agent is detected in affected animals. Little is known about the interactions bet-ween simultaneously occurring pathogens and their potential effects on the course of disease. In this review, a brief overview about pathogens associated with diarrhoea in young ruminants is presented. Furthermore, information about coinfections involving Cryptosporidium is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Delling
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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Torres A, Capote J, Fresno M, Eguiza A, Barba E, Molina JM, Ruiz A. Impact of different feeding systems on cost-effectiveness and Eimeria spp. infections in Canarian goat kids. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pérez D, Muñoz-Caro T, Silva LMR, Muñoz MC, Molina JM, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Ruiz A. Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae casts NOX-independent NETosis and induces enhanced IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2 and iNOS gene transcription in caprine PMN. Exp Parasitol 2020; 220:108034. [PMID: 33188795 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae represents a highly pathogenic coccidian parasite causing severe haemorrhagic typhlocolitis in goat kids worldwide. NETosis was recently described as an efficient defense mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) acting against different parasites in vitro and in vivo. In vitro interactions of caprine PMN with parasitic stages of E. ninakohlyakimovae (i. e. oocysts and sporozoites) as well as soluble oocyst antigens (SOA) were analyzed at different ratios, concentrations and time spans. Extracellular DNA staining was used to illustrate classical molecules induced during caprine NETosis [i. e. histones (H3) and neutrophil elastase (NE)] via antibody-based immunofluorescence analyses. Functional inhibitor treatments with DPI and DNase I were applied to unveil role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and characterize DNA-backbone composition of E. ninakohlyakimovae-triggered caprine NETosis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)- and immunofluorescence-analyses demonstrated that caprine PMN underwent NETosis upon contact with sporozoites and oocysts of E. ninakohlyakimovae, ensnaring filaments which firmly entrapped parasites. Detailed co-localization studies of E. ninakohlyakimovae-induced caprine NETosis revealed presence of PMN-derived DNA being adorned with nuclear H3 and NE corroborating molecular characteristics of NETosis. E. ninakohlyakoimovae-induced caprine NETosis was found to be NOX-independent since DPI inhibition led to a slight decrease of NETosis. Exposure of caprine PMN to vital E. ninakohlyakimovae sporozoites as well as SOA resulted in up-regulation of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2 and iNOS gene transcription in stimulated PMN. Since vital E. ninakohlyakimovae-sporozoites induced caprine NETosis, this effective entrapment mechanism might reduce initial sporozoite epithelial host cell invasion during goat coccidiosis ultimately resulting in less macromeront formation and reduced merozoites I production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pérez
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - T Muñoz-Caro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - L M R Silva
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M C Muñoz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J M Molina
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - A Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Ruiz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Díaz-Sánchez VM, Rodríguez-Patiño G, Álvarez-Ávila G, Ramírez-Bribiesca JE, Silva-Mendoza R, Revilla-Vazquez AL, López-Arellano R, Tórtora-Pérez JL. Evaluation of intraruminal boluses dosed with sulfamethazine and selenium in goat kids naturally infected with Eimeria spp.. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1772269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Manuel Díaz-Sánchez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Patiño
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Álvarez-Ávila
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | | | - Rocio Silva-Mendoza
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Alma Luisa Revilla-Vazquez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Tórtora-Pérez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico
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López AM, Muñoz MC, Molina JM, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Zárate R, Hildebrandt I, McNaughton-Smith G, Eiroa JL, Ruiz A. Anticoccidial efficacy of Canary rue (Ruta pinnata) extracts against the caprine apicomplexan Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:101-110. [PMID: 30418542 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous use of anticoccidial treatments against Eimeria infections has resulted in the development of drug resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the anticoccidial efficacy of a methanolic extract derived from the endemic Canary rue (Ruta pinnata) plant of the Canary Islands, Spain, against Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae using in vitro assays. Freshly unsporulated oocysts were exposed to different concentrations of R. pinnata extract and thereafter evaluated for sporulation inhibition. Additionally, anticoccidial activity was examined by testing the viability of the E. ninakohlyakimovae sporozoites and their ability to infect bovine colonic epithelial cells after incubation with different concentrations of R. pinnata plant extract. The inhibition of oocyst sporulation by the extract was both time and concentration dependent, with certain combinations affording the same levels of sporulation inhibition as formaldehyde used as positive control (P < 0.001). Moreover, concentrations >0.1 mg/mL also affected not only the viability of the sporozoites but also their cell invasion capacity (P < 0.001). Altogether, these results show that methanolic fruit extracts from R. pinnata have important anticoccidial activity against oocysts and sporozoites of Eimeria. The potential efficacy of the extracts against other animal/human parasites remains to be elucidated, and further studies are needed to better understand its mode of action against coccidian parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adassa M López
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María C Muñoz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José M Molina
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rafael Zárate
- Canary Islands Cancer Research Institute Foundation, Avda de la Trinidad s/n, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (S/C de Tenerife), Spain
| | - Inna Hildebrandt
- Canary Islands Cancer Research Institute Foundation, Avda de la Trinidad s/n, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (S/C de Tenerife), Spain
| | - Grant McNaughton-Smith
- Centro Atlántico del Medicamente S.A., Avda. de la Trinidad, San Cristóbal de La Laguna (S/C Tenerife), Spain
| | - José L Eiroa
- Department of Chemistry, Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Age-related immune response to experimental infection with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae in goat kids. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:155-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Matos L, Muñoz M, Molina J, Rodríguez F, Perez D, Lopez A, Ferrer O, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Ruiz A. Protective immune responses during prepatency in goat kids experimentally infected with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. Vet Parasitol 2017; 242:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ruiz A, Pérez D, Muñoz MC, Molina JM, Taubert A, Jacobs-Lorena M, Vega-Rodríguez J, López AM, Hermosilla C. Targeting essential Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae sporozoite ligands for caprine host endothelial cell invasion with a phage display peptide library. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4327-31. [PMID: 26341796 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae is an important coccidian parasite of goats which causes severe diarrhoea in young animals. Specific molecules that mediate E. ninakohlyakimovae host interactions and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis are still unknown. Although strong circumstantial evidence indicates that E. ninakohlyakimovae sporozoite interactions with caprine endothelial host cells (ECs) are specific, hardly any information is available about the interacting molecules that confer host cell specificity. In this study, we describe a novel method to identify surface proteins of caprine umbilical vein endothelial cells (CUVEC) using a phage display library. After several panning rounds, we identified a number of peptides that specifically bind to the surface of CUVEC. Importantly, caprine endothelial cell peptide 2 (PCEC2) and PCEC5 selectively reduced the infection rate by E. ninakohlyakimovae sporozoites. These preliminary data give new insight for the molecular identification of ligands involved in the interaction between E. ninakohlyakimovae sporozoites and host ECs. Further studies using this phage approach might be useful to identify new potential target molecules for the development of anti-coccidial drugs or even new vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - D Pérez
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - M C Muñoz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J M Molina
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - A Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Jacobs-Lorena
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Vega-Rodríguez
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A M López
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - C Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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NUNES DM, CRUZ JF, TEIXEIRA NETO MR. Uso preventivo do toltrazuril para controle da coccidiose em cabritos de corte criados em região semiárida. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402015000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a eficácia do toltrazuril no controle da coccidiose em cabritos de corte criados extensivamente em região semiárida e determinar a idade mais adequada para realização do tratamento. Quarenta cabritos foram separados por faixa etária e tratados com toltrazuril em dose única aos 14; 21; 28 e 35 dias de idade. Amostras de fezes foram coletadas semanalmente para determinação do número de oocistos por grama de fezes (Oopg) nas semanas subsequentes ao tratamento. Os animais também foram pesados semanalmente para determinação do ganho de peso médio diário (GPD). Todos os cabritos tratados não apresentaram oocistos nas fezes pelo menos por uma semana após o tratamento. O Oopg dos cabritos tratados, independentemente da idade do tratamento, foi menor do que os não tratados (P<0,05) ao longo de 10 -11 semanas pós-tratamento. O ganho de peso médio diário (GPD) foi similar em todos os tratamentos avaliados. O Oopg não foi influenciado pelo sexo, mas sim pela idade ao tratamento. Os animais tratados aos 21 dias de idade não apresentaram oocistos nas fezes por um período maior que os demais. O tratamento com toltrazuril realizado aos 21 dias de idade foi eficaz para controle da coccidiose em cabritos criados extensivamente no semiárido.</p>
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Silva L, Vila-Viçosa M, Maurelli M, Morgoglione M, Cortes H, Cringoli G, Rinaldi L. Mini-FLOTAC for the diagnosis of Eimeria infection in goats: An alternative to McMaster. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ruiz A, Muñoz M, Molina J, Hermosilla C, Rodríguez F, Andrada M, Martín S, A.Guedes, Pérez D, Matos L, López A, Taubert A. Primary infection of goats with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae does not provide protective immunity against high challenge infections. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hematological and serum biochemical analyses in experimental caprine coccidiosis. J Parasit Dis 2012; 38:116-23. [PMID: 24505189 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide information on hematological and biochemical changes in Eimeria arloingi infection, eighteen newborn kids were allocated to three equal groups. Two groups, A and B were inoculated with a single dose of 1 × 10(3) and 1 × 10(5) sporulated oocysts of E. arloingi, respectively. The third group C remained uninfected as control. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein before inoculation as control and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days post inoculation (DPI). Total erythrocyte and total leukocyte counts, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and differential leukocyte counts were determined. Serum biochemical parameters including total protein (TP), albumin, chloride (Cl(-)), sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were measured. All infected animals showed symptoms of clinical coccidiosis including diarrhea and oocyst excretion after the prepatent period that varied from 16 to 18 days after inoculation. The oocysts output did not stop until the end of the experiment. The diarrhea was associated with a reduction in ALP activity, increases in PCV and Hb and decreases in Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+). No significant differences were found in AST, ALT, GGT, albumin and TP during 42 DPI. There was no hepatic damage.
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Eimeria species in dairy goats in Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2012; 183:356-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hashemnia M, Khodakaram-Tafti A, Razavi SM, Nazifi S. Experimental caprine coccidiosis caused by Eimeria arloingi: morphopathologic and electron microscopic studies. Vet Res Commun 2011; 36:47-55. [PMID: 22127426 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The progressive morphohistopathologic changes, distribution pattern of lesions and ultrastructural characteristics in Eimeria arloingi infection were investigated in experimentally infected kids. The 18 newborn animals allocated to 3 equal groups. Two of groups, A, B were inoculated with a single dose of 1 × 10(3) and1 × 10(5) sporulated oocysts of E. arloingi, respectively. At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days postinoculation (DPI), 1 kid from each group was necropsied for pathologic and ultrastructural studies. Progressive lesions were present at 21, 28, 35 and 42 DPI in the jejunum, ileum, cecum with fewer in the duodenum and proximal colon. The oocysts shedding begin between 16 to 18 DPI. Grossly, minimal changes were observed at 21 DPI as few whitish plaques or nodules and advanced lesions at 42 DPI as pseudoadenomatous pattern in the mucosa and a cerebriform pattern on the serosal surface of jejunum and ileum. Early histopathologic lesions due to schizogony phase were including presence of intracytoplasmic developmental stages of the parasite such as trophozoites, immature to mature schizonts and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. In late lesions due to various stages of gametogony, the histological pattern was mainly remarkable hyperplasia of the villi and crypts epithelial cells, eventually developed into papillary projections of reactive epithelium. The mesenteric lymph nodes showed a few numbers of large schizonts in the cortical lacteals. This study showed E. arloingi as a highly pathogenic species for kids, the incubation period was 16-18 days and the main target organ was jejunum with characteristic morphohistopathologic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
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Young G, Alley ML, Foster DM, Smith GW. Efficacy of amprolium for the treatment of pathogenic Eimeria species in Boer goat kids. Vet Parasitol 2011; 178:346-9. [PMID: 21333448 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of two different doses of amprolium in goats heavily infected with pathogenic Eimeria species. Forty Boer goat kids ranging from 3 to 5 months of age with naturally occurring coccidiosis were randomly divided into 2 groups and treated orally with amprolium at doses of 10mg/kg daily for 5 days (n=20) or 50mg/kg daily for 5 days (n=20). The Eimeria oocyst per gram concentrations were significantly reduced on day 7 in the kids that received amprolium at 50mg/kg, however oocyst concentrations were not significantly reduced in goats that received the 10mg/kg dose. Out of 100 Eimeria oocysts identified from a pooled fecal sample, E. christenseni was the most frequently identified (52%) coccidial species present. The results of this trial indicate that amprolium can be an effective treatment for pathogenic Eimeria species in goat kids, however higher and extralabel doses (50mg/kg) should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Young
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum L.) for controlling gastroin?testinal parasites in adult female Boer goats. The impact of garlic treatment in goats naturally infected with Haemonchus contortus and Coccidia was evaluated by measuring fecal egg counts, packed cell volume, FAMACHA scores, and body weight. Goats were exposed to four dosage levels of concentrated (99.3%) garlic juice (2.5 ml, 5 ml, and 10 ml) during four weeks. There was a significant decrease in fecal counts of Coccidia eggs in goats treated with 10 ml of garlic juice (group 4; p<0.05). Garlic extract did not reduce fecal egg counts or alleviate anemia associated with H. contortus infection at the concentrations tested (p>0.05). However, at the intermediate dose of garlic (5 ml), goat body weight was significantly increased (group 3; p<0.05). Packed cell volume and FAMACHA scores did not show significant changes. These studies have implications for the control of Coccidia in goats. Garlic extract contributes to the alleviation of gastrointestinal infections in goats by reducing the Coccidia burden and may enhance animal performance in adult goats.
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19
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Abstract
Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease of wild and domestic ruminant animals in every country of the world. This article provides basic information regarding the terminology, biology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and control methods applicable to the causative agents and their interaction with host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Jolley
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, WY, USA.
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