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Chen S, Liu F, Yang A, Shang K. For better or worse: crosstalk of parvovirus and host DNA damage response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324531. [PMID: 38464523 PMCID: PMC10920228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that have a broad spectrum of natural infections, making them important in public health. NS1 is the largest and most complex non-structural protein in the parvovirus genome, which is indispensable in the life cycle of parvovirus and is closely related to viral replication, induction of host cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, DNA damage response (DDR), and other processes. Parvovirus activates and utilizes the DDR pathway to promote viral replication through NS1, thereby increasing pathogenicity to the host cells. Here, we review the latest progress of parvovirus in regulating host cell DDR during the parvovirus lifecycle and discuss the potential of cellular consequences of regulating the DDR pathway, targeting to provide the theoretical basis for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of parvovirus and development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbiao Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Song Y, Wang L, Xu M, Lu X, Wang Y, Zhang L. Molecular and functional characterization of porcine poly C binding protein 1 (PCBP1). BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:25. [PMID: 38218813 PMCID: PMC10787444 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly C Binding Protein 1 (PCBP1) belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family. It is a multifunctional protein that participates in several functional circuits and plays a variety of roles in cellular processes. Although PCBP1 has been identified in several mammals, its function in porcine was unclear. RESULTS In this study, we cloned the gene of porcine PCBP1 and analyzed its evolutionary relationships among different species. We found porcine PCBP1 protein sequence was similar to that of other animals. The subcellular localization of PCBP1 in porcine kidney cells 15 (PK-15) cells was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and revealed that PCBP1 was mainly localized to the nucleus. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to compare PCBP1 mRNA levels in different tissues of 30-day-old pigs. Results indicated that PCBP1 was expressed in various tissues and was most abundant in the liver. Finally, the effects of PCBP1 on cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated following its overexpression or knockdown in PK-15 cells. The findings demonstrated that PCBP1 knockdown arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and enhanced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Porcine PCBP1 is a highly conserved protein, plays an important role in determining cell fate, and its functions need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Molecule Biology Laboratory of Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou Henan, 450044, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Molecule Biology Laboratory of Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou Henan, 450044, China.
| | - Menglong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Xiuxiang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Molecule Biology Laboratory of Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou Henan, 450044, China
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Hatton AA, Guerra FE. Scratching the Surface Takes a Toll: Immune Recognition of Viral Proteins by Surface Toll-like Receptors. Viruses 2022; 15:52. [PMID: 36680092 PMCID: PMC9863796 DOI: 10.3390/v15010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early innate viral recognition by the host is critical for the rapid response and subsequent clearance of an infection. Innate immune cells patrol sites of infection to detect and respond to invading microorganisms including viruses. Surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can be activated by viruses even before the host cell becomes infected. However, the early activation of surface TLRs by viruses can lead to viral clearance by the host or promote pathogenesis. Thus, a plethora of research has attempted to identify specific viral ligands that bind to surface TLRs and mediate progression of viral infection. Herein, we will discuss the past two decades of research that have identified specific viral proteins recognized by cell surface-associated TLRs, how these viral proteins and host surface TLR interactions affect the host inflammatory response and outcome of infection, and address why controversy remains regarding host surface TLR recognition of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A. Hatton
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Fermin E. Guerra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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