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Chalkidis A, Jampaiah D, Hartley PG, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Mercury in natural gas streams: A review of materials and processes for abatement and remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121036. [PMID: 31473516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of natural gas in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and advancing renewable energy resource integration is undoubtedly critical. With the progress of hydrocarbons exploration and production, the target zones become deeper and the possibility of mercury contamination increases. This impacts on the industry from health and safety risks, due to corrosion and contamination of equipment, to catalyst poisoning and toxicity through emissions to the environment. Especially mercury embrittlement, being a significant problem in LNG plants using aluminum cryogenic heat exchangers, has led to catastrophic plant incidents worldwide. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the conventional and alternative materials as well as the processes employed for mercury removal during gas processing. Moreover, comments on studies examining the geological occurrence of mercury species are included, the latest developments regarding the detection, sampling and measurement are presented and updated information with respect to mercury speciation and solubility is displayed. Clean up and passivation techniques as well as disposal methods for mercury-containing waste are also explained. Most importantly, the environmental as well as the health and safety implications are addressed, and areas that require further research are pinpointed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Chalkidis
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Patrick G Hartley
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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Ayati A, Ranjbari S, Tanhaei B, Sillanpää M. Ionic liquid-modified composites for the adsorptive removal of emerging water contaminants: A review. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Warrag SEE, Fetisov EO, van Osch DJGP, Harwood DB, Kroon MC, Siepmann JI, Peters CJ. Mercury Capture from Petroleum Using Deep Eutectic Solvents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah E. E. Warrag
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evgenii O. Fetisov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Dannie J. G. P. van Osch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - David B. Harwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Maaike C. Kroon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
| | - Cor J. Peters
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Abbas T, Kallidanthiyil Chellappan L, Mutalib MIA, Cheun KY, Nasir Shah S, Nazir S, Hassan A, Abai MB, Khan E. Stability and Performance of Physically Immobilized Ionic Liquids for Mercury Adsorption from a Gas Stream. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kuah Yong Cheun
- Process Technology R&D, Technology and Engineering Division, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | | | - Salman Nazir
- Buskerud and Vestfold University College, 3048 Drammen, Norway
| | - Amiruddin Hassan
- Process Technology R&D, Technology and Engineering Division, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Mahpuzah bt Abai
- Process Technology R&D, Technology and Engineering Division, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58102, United States
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Iuga C, Solís C, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Martínez MÁ, Mondragón MA, Vivier-Bunge A. A theoretical and experimental evaluation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids for atmospheric mercury capture. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2186. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mallick B, Metlen A, Nieuwenhuyzen M, Rogers RD, Mudring AV. Mercuric Ionic Liquids: [Cnmim][HgX3], Where n = 3, 4 and X = Cl, Br. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:193-200. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Mallick
- Anorganische Chemie
I-Festkörperchemie und Materialien, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Metlen
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Green Manufacturing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United
States
- The Queen's University Ionic Liquid Laboratories, QUILL, Queen's, University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuyzen
- The Queen's University Ionic Liquid Laboratories, QUILL, Queen's, University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Green Manufacturing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United
States
- The Queen's University Ionic Liquid Laboratories, QUILL, Queen's, University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- Anorganische Chemie
I-Festkörperchemie und Materialien, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Chemistry
and Center for Green Manufacturing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United
States
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Ji L, Thiel SW, Pinto NG. Room Temperature Ionic Liquids for Mercury Capture from Flue Gas. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8008023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0012
| | - Stephen W. Thiel
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0012
| | - Neville G. Pinto
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0012
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Peise a O, Ji L, Thiel SW, Pinto NG. New adsorbents for direct warm-gas capture of mercury. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10241220802376501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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