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Jalili AR, Satalov A, Nazari S, Rahmat Suryanto BH, Sun J, Ghasemian MB, Mayyas M, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Mayes E, Bhargava SK, Araki J, Zakri C, Poulin P, Esrafilzadeh D, Amal R. Liquid Crystal-Mediated 3D Printing Process to Fabricate Nano-Ordered Layered Structures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:28627-28638. [PMID: 34110785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) printing promises a disruption in the design and on-demand fabrication of smart structures in applications ranging from functional devices to human organs. However, the scale at which 3D printing excels is within macro- and microlevels and principally lacks the spatial ordering of building blocks at nanolevels, which is vital for most multifunctional devices. Herein, we employ liquid crystal (LC) inks to bridge the gap between the nano- and microscales in a single-step 3D printing. The LC ink is prepared from mixtures of LCs of nanocellulose whiskers and large sheets of graphene oxide, which offers a highly ordered laminar organization not inherently present in the source materials. LC-mediated 3D printing imparts the fine-tuning required for the design freedom of architecturally layered systems at the nanoscale with intricate patterns within the 3D-printed constructs. This approach empowered the development of a high-performance humidity sensor composed of self-assembled lamellar organization of NC whiskers. We observed that the NC whiskers that are flat and parallel to each other in the laminar organization allow facile mass transport through the structure, demonstrating a significant improvement in the sensor performance. This work exemplifies how LC ink, implemented in a 3D printing process, can unlock the potential of individual constituents to allow macroscopic printing architectures with nanoscopic arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Satalov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 9, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Sahar Nazari
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryan Harry Rahmat Suryanto
- Australian Centre for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad Bagher Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmad E Kandjani
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin Mayes
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun Araki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano prefecture, Japan
- Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda 386-8567, Nagano prefecture, Japan
| | - Cécile Zakri
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal-CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Philippe Poulin
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal-CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33600, France
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia
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Alenezy EK, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Korcoban D, Abdul Haroon Rashid SSA, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Low-Temperature Hydrogen Sensor: Enhanced Performance Enabled through Photoactive Pd-Decorated TiO 2 Colloidal Crystals. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3902-3914. [PMID: 33275407 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The high demand for H2 gas sensors is not just limited to industrial process control and leak detection applications but also extends to the food and medical industry to determine the presence of various types of bacteria or underlying medical conditions. For instance, sensing of H2 at low concentrations (<10 ppm) is essential for developing breath analyzers for the noninvasive diagnosis of some gastrointestinal diseases. However, there are major challenges to overcome in order to achieve high sensitivity and hence low limit of detection (LoD) toward H2. In this study, it is demonstrated that light-assisted amperometric gas sensors employing sensitive layers based on Pd-decorated TiO2 long-range ordered crystals can achieve excellent H2 sensing performance. This unique combination of materials and novel layered structure enables the detection of H2 gas down to 50 ppm with highly promising LoD capabilities. The sensor response profiles revealed that the sensor's signal-to-noise ratio was higher in the presence of light when operated with a 9 V bias (relative to other conditions used), producing a LoD of only 3.5 ppm at an operating temperature of 33 °C. The high performance of the sensor makes it attractive for applications that require low-level (ppm as opposed to conventional % levels) H2 gas detection. Most importantly, the developed sensor exhibited high selectivity (>93%) toward H2 over other gas species such as CO2, C4H8O, C3H6O, CH3CHO, and NO, which are commonly found to coexist in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtsam K. Alenezy
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, P.O. Box 756, AlQurayyat 75911, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahmad E. Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dilek Korcoban
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
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Chalkidis A, Jampaiah D, Aryana A, Wood CD, Hartley PG, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Mercury-bearing wastes: Sources, policies and treatment technologies for mercury recovery and safe disposal. J Environ Manage 2020; 270:110945. [PMID: 32721358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lenient environmental policies in developing economies, mercury-containing wastes are partly produced as a result of the employment of mercury in manufacturing and consumer products. Worldwide, the presence of mercury as an impurity in several industrial processes leads to significant amounts of contaminated waste. The Minamata Convention on Mercury dictates that mercury-containing wastes should be handled in an environmentally sound way according to the Basel Convention Technical Guidelines. Nevertheless, the management policies differ a great deal from one country to another because only a few deploy or can afford to deploy the required technology and facilities. In general, elemental mercury and mercury-bearing wastes should be stabilized and solidified before they are disposed of or permanently stored in specially engineered landfills and facilities, respectively. Prior to physicochemical treatment and depending on mercury's concentration, the contaminated waste may be thermally or chemically processed to reduce mercury's content to an acceptable level. The suitability of the treated waste for final disposal is then assessed by the application of standard leaching tests whose capacity to evaluate its long-term behavior is rather questionable. This review critically discusses the main methods employed for the recovery of mercury and the treatment of contaminated waste by analyzing representative examples from the industry. Furthermore, it gives a complete overview of all relevant issues by presenting the sources of mercury-bearing wastes, explaining the problems associated with the operation of conventional discharging facilities and providing an insight of the disposal policies adopted in selected geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Chalkidis
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Energy Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - Amir Aryana
- Energy Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Colin D Wood
- Australian Resources Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Kensington, WA 6152, Australia; Curtin Oil and Gas Innovation Centre (CUOGIC), Curtin University, Kensington, WA 6152, Australia
| | - Patrick G Hartley
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Energy Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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Yadav P, Sharma N, Patrike A, Sabri YM, Jones LA, Shelke MV. Electrochemical Evaluation of the Stability and Capacity of r‐GO‐Wrapped Copper Antimony Chalcogenide Anode for Li‐Ion battery. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Yadav
- Physical and Materials Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008, MH India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002, UP India
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne 3000, VIC Australia
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Physics and Centre for Energy ScienceIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune 411008, MH India
| | - Apurva Patrike
- Physical and Materials Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008, MH India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002, UP India
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne 3000, VIC Australia
| | - Lathe A. Jones
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne 3000, VIC Australia
| | - Manjusha V. Shelke
- Physical and Materials Chemistry DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008, MH India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002, UP India
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Koley P, Chandra Shit S, Joseph B, Pollastri S, Sabri YM, Mayes ELH, Nakka L, Tardio J, Mondal J. Leveraging Cu/CuFe 2O 4-Catalyzed Biomass-Derived Furfural Hydrodeoxygenation: A Nanoscale Metal-Organic-Framework Template Is the Prime Key. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21682-21700. [PMID: 32314915 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enormous efforts have been initiated in the production of biobased fuels and value-added chemicals via biorefinery owing to the scarcity of fossil resources and huge environmental synchronization. Herein, non-noble metal-based metal/mixed metal oxide supported on carbon employing a metal-organic framework as a sacrificial template is demonstrated for the first time in the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass-derived furfural (FFR) to 2-methyl furan (MF). The aforementioned catalyst (referred to as Cu/CuFe2O4@C-A) exhibited extraordinary catalytic proficiency (100% selectivity toward MF) compared with the conventional Cu/CuFe2O4@C-B catalyst which was prepared by the wet impregnation method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies evidenced the existence of both metal (Cu) and mixed metal oxide (CuFe2O4) phases, in which the metal could help in hydrogenation to alcohol and metal oxide could assist in the hydroxyl group removal step during HDO reaction. The stabilization of encapsulated metal/metal oxide nanoparticles in the carbon matrix, modulation of the electronic structure, and regulation of geometric effects in the Cu/CuFe2O4@C-A are thought to play an important role in its excellent catalytic performance, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigations. Furthermore, the structure and activity interconnection was confirmed by in situ attenuated total reflection-IR studies, which manifested the strong interfacial interaction between FFR and the Cu/CuFe2O4@C-A catalyst. This finding was further supported by NH3 temperature-programmed desorption analysis, which suggested that the presence of more Lewis/weak acidic sites in this catalyst was beneficial for the hydrogenolysis step in HDO reaction. Additionally, H2 temperature-programmed reduction studies revealed that the adsorption of H2 was stronger on the Cu/CuFe2O4@C-A than that over the conventional Cu/CuFe2O4@C-B catalyst; thus, the former catalyst promoted activation of H2. A detailed kinetic analysis which demonstrated the lower activation energy barrier along with dual active sites attributed for the activation of the two separate reactions in the HDO process on the Cu/CuFe2O4@C-A catalyst. This work has great implication in developing a highly stable catalyst for the selective upgradation of biomass without deactivation of metal sites in extended catalytic cycles and opens the door of opportunity for developing a sustainably viable catalyst in biomass refinery industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Koley
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Subhash Chandra Shit
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Boby Joseph
- GdR IISc-ICTP, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14, Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Simone Pollastri
- CERIC-ERIC, S.S. 14, Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Italy
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Edwin L H Mayes
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Lingaiah Nakka
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - James Tardio
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - John Mondal
- Catalysis & Fine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Chalkidis A, Jampaiah D, Hartley PG, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Mercury in natural gas streams: A review of materials and processes for abatement and remediation. J Hazard Mater 2020; 382:121036. [PMID: 31473516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of natural gas in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and advancing renewable energy resource integration is undoubtedly critical. With the progress of hydrocarbons exploration and production, the target zones become deeper and the possibility of mercury contamination increases. This impacts on the industry from health and safety risks, due to corrosion and contamination of equipment, to catalyst poisoning and toxicity through emissions to the environment. Especially mercury embrittlement, being a significant problem in LNG plants using aluminum cryogenic heat exchangers, has led to catastrophic plant incidents worldwide. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the conventional and alternative materials as well as the processes employed for mercury removal during gas processing. Moreover, comments on studies examining the geological occurrence of mercury species are included, the latest developments regarding the detection, sampling and measurement are presented and updated information with respect to mercury speciation and solubility is displayed. Clean up and passivation techniques as well as disposal methods for mercury-containing waste are also explained. Most importantly, the environmental as well as the health and safety implications are addressed, and areas that require further research are pinpointed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Chalkidis
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Patrick G Hartley
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; CSIRO Energy, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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Joshi S, Jones LA, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Sunkara MV, Ippolito SJ. Facile conversion of zinc hydroxide carbonate to CaO-ZnO for selective CO 2 gas detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 558:310-322. [PMID: 31605933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tailored synthesis of heterostructures for low temperature (sub 200 °C) CO2 sensing continues to be a challenging task. The present study demonstrates CO2 sensing characteristics of CaO-ZnO heterostructures achieved by zinc hydroxide carbonate (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6) conversion to ZnO using Ca(OH)2 at 50 °C. Control samples namely, Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, Ca(OH)2, ZnO, and CaO integrated microsensors exhibited low sensitivity towards CO2 gas. However, CaO-ZnO heterostructures demonstrated significant sensitivity (26 to 91%) at 150 °C for gas concentration ranging from 100 to 10000 ppm, respectively. In this study, zinc hydroxide carbonate sensitized with 25 wt% Ca(OH)2 to form CaO-ZnO heterostructures (25CaZMS) displayed a promising sensitivity (77%) and selectivity (98%) towards 500 ppm CO2 gas. Moreover, the selectivity studies were conducted in the presence of 10 commonly found gases and their sensing performance was compared against CO2 gas in dry and humid conditions. The developed CaO-ZnO sensor exhibited faster kinetics in comparison to the control samples. Improved sensing performance observed here is attributed to the low-temperature synthesis route which resulted in a large number of active pores and high surface area morphology. Additionally, the high CO2 adsorption capacity of CaO combined with compatible n-type semiconductors in forming highly dynamic nano-interfaced heterostructure is a promising step towards developing a precise CO2 gas microsensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravanti Joshi
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, IICT Colony, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telagana 500007, India
| | - Lathe A Jones
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Manorama V Sunkara
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, IICT Colony, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telagana 500007, India.
| | - Samuel J Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; School of Engineering, Electrical and Bio-medical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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Coyle VE, Kandjani AE, Field MR, Hartley P, Chen M, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Co3O4 needles on Au honeycomb as a non-invasive electrochemical biosensor for glucose in saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abdul Haroon Rashid SSA, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Harrison CJ, Canjeevaram Balasubramanyam RK, Della Gaspera E, Field MR, Bhargava SK, Tricoli A, Wlodarski W, Ippolito SJ. Zinc Titanate Nanoarrays with Superior Optoelectrochemical Properties for Chemical Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29255-29267. [PMID: 31339291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this report, the gas sensing performance of zinc titanate (ZnTiO3) nanoarrays (NAs) synthesized by coating hydrothermally formed zinc oxide (ZnO) NAs with TiO2 using low-temperature chemical vapor deposition is presented. By controlling the annealing temperature, diffusion of ZnO into TiO2 forms a mixed oxide of ZnTiO3 NAs. The uniformity and the electrical properties of ZnTiO3 NAs made them ideal for light-activated acetone gas sensing applications for which such materials are not well studied. The acetone sensing performance of the ZnTiO3 NAs is tested by biasing the sensor with voltages from 0.1 to 9 V dc in an amperometric mode. An increase in the applied bias was found to increase the sensitivity of the device toward acetone under photoinduced and nonphotoinduced (dark) conditions. When illuminated with 365 nm UV light, the sensitivity was observed to increase by 3.4 times toward 12.5 ppm acetone at 350 °C with an applied bias of 9 V, as compared to dark conditions. The sensor was also observed to have significantly reduced the adsorption time, desorption time, and limit of detection (LoD) when excited by the light source. For example, LoD of the sensor in the dark and under UV light at 350 °C with a 9 V bias is found to be 80 and 10 ppb, respectively. The described approach also enabled acetone sensing at an operating temperature down to 45 °C with a repeatability of >99% and a LoD of 90 ppb when operated under light, thus indicating that the ZnTiO3 NAs are a promising material for low concentration acetone gas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ram Kumar Canjeevaram Balasubramanyam
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne 3001 , Victoria , Australia
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB) , University of Bordeaux , UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer , Pessac Cedex F-33608 , France
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Research School of Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra 2601 , Australian Capital Territory , Australia
| | - Wojtek Wlodarski
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne 3001 , Victoria , Australia
| | - Samuel J Ippolito
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne 3001 , Victoria , Australia
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Lay B, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Bhargava SK. Using colloidal lithography to control the formation of gas sorption sites through galvanic replacement reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 547:199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chalkidis A, Jampaiah D, Amin MH, Hartley PG, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. CeO 2-Decorated ?-MnO 2 Nanotubes: A Highly Efficient and Regenerable Sorbent for Elemental Mercury Removal from Natural Gas. Langmuir 2019; 35:8246-8256. [PMID: 31132272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CeO2 nanoparticle-decorated ?-MnO2 nanotubes (NTs) were prepared and tested for elemental mercury (Hg0) vapor removal in simulated natural gas mixtures at ambient conditions. The composition which had the largest surface area and a relative Ce/Mn atomic weight ratio of around 35% exhibited a maximum Hg0 uptake capacity exceeding 20 mg?g?1 (2 wt %), as determined from measurements of mercury breakthrough which corresponded to 99.5% Hg0 removal efficiency over 96 h of exposure. This represents a significant improvement in the activity of pure metal oxides. Most importantly, the composite nanosorbent was repeatedly regenerated at 350 ?C and retained the 0.5% Hg0 breakthrough threshold. It was projected to be able to sustain 20 regeneration cycles, with the presence of acid gases, CO2, and H2S, not affecting its performance. This result is particularly important, considering that pure CeO2 manifests rather poor activity for Hg0 removal at ambient conditions, and hence, a synergistic effect in the composite nanomaterial was observed. This possibly results from the addition of facile oxygen vacancy formation at ?-MnO2 NTs and the increased amount of surface-adsorbed oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Chalkidis
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
- CSIRO Energy , Private Bag 10, Clayton South , Victoria 3169 , Australia
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Mohamad Hassan Amin
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Patrick G Hartley
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
- CSIRO Energy , Private Bag 10, Clayton South , Victoria 3169 , Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science , RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
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Elbourne A, Coyle VE, Truong VK, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Bhargava SK, Ivanova EP, Crawford RJ. Multi-directional electrodeposited gold nanospikes for antibacterial surface applications. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:203-212. [PMID: 36132449 PMCID: PMC9473181 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures across surfaces has been widely reported to impart antibacterial characteristics to a substratum. This occurs because the presence of such nanostructures can induce the mechanical rupture of attaching bacteria, causing cell death. As such, the development of high-efficacy antibacterial nano-architectures fabricated on a variety of biologically relevant materials is critical to the wider acceptance of this technology. In this study, we report the antibacterial behavior of a series of substrata containing multi-directional electrodeposited gold (Au) nanospikes, as both a function of deposition time and precursor concentration. Firstly, the bactericidal efficacy of substrata containing Au nanospikes was assessed as a function of deposition time to elucidate the nanopattern that exhibited the greatest degree of biocidal activity. Here, it was established that multi-directional nanospikes with an average height of ∼302 nm ± 57 nm (formed after a deposition time of 540 s) exhibited the greatest level of biocidal activity, with ∼88% ± 8% of the bacterial cells being inactivated. The deposition time was then kept constant, while the concentration of the HAuCl4 and Pb(CH3COO)2 precursor materials (used for the formation of the Au nanospikes) was varied, resulting in differing nanospike architectures. Altering the Pb(CH3COO)2 precursor concentration produced multi-directional nanostructures with a wider distribution of heights, which increased the average antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Importantly, the in situ electrochemical fabrication method used in this work is robust and straightforward, and is able to produce highly reproducible antibacterial surfaces. The results of this research will assist in the wider utilization of mechano-responsive nano-architectures for antimicrobial surface technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Victoria E Coyle
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology Haw-thorn VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Ahmad E Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
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13
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Manchala S, Tandava VSRK, Nagappagari LR, Muthukonda Venkatakrishnan S, Jampaiah D, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Shanker V. Fabrication of a novel ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4/graphene ternary nanocomposite with enhanced charge separation for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution under solar light illumination. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2952-2964. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We designed a novel highly robust, graphene-based ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite for solar-driven H2 evolution (477 μmol h−1 g−1) from water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikumar Manchala
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Warangal-506004
- India
- Centre for Advanced Materials
| | | | - Lakshmana Reddy Nagappagari
- Nano Catalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Yogi Vemana University
- Kadapa-516005
- India
| | - Shankar Muthukonda Venkatakrishnan
- Nano Catalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Yogi Vemana University
- Kadapa-516005
- India
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Vishnu Shanker
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
- Warangal-506004
- India
- Centre for Advanced Materials
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14
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Jampaiah D, Damma D, Chalkidis A, Singh M, Sabri YM, Mayes ELH, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. MOF-derived noble-metal-free Cu/CeO2 with high porosity for the efficient water–gas shift reaction at low temperatures. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal organic framework templated Cu/CeO2 catalyst exhibited enhanced catalytic performance for the water–gas shift reaction at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Devaiah Damma
- Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Anastasios Chalkidis
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Edwin L. H. Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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15
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Jampaiah D, Chalkidis A, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Role of Ceria in the Design of Composite Materials for Elemental Mercury Removal. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1407-1419. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)School of Science, RMIT University GPO BOX 2476 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Anastasios Chalkidis
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)School of Science, RMIT University GPO BOX 2476 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)School of Science, RMIT University GPO BOX 2476 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)School of Science, RMIT University GPO BOX 2476 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
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16
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Jalili R, Esrafilzadeh D, Aboutalebi SH, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Bhargava SK, Della Gaspera E, Gengenbach TR, Walker A, Chao Y, Wang C, Alimadadi H, Mitchell DRG, Officer DL, MacFarlane DR, Wallace GG. Silicon as a ubiquitous contaminant in graphene derivatives with significant impact on device performance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5070. [PMID: 30498194 PMCID: PMC6265250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon-based impurities are ubiquitous in natural graphite. However, their role as a contaminant in exfoliated graphene and their influence on devices have been overlooked. Herein atomic resolution microscopy is used to highlight the existence of silicon-based contamination on various solution-processed graphene. We found these impurities are extremely persistent and thus utilising high purity graphite as a precursor is the only route to produce silicon-free graphene. These impurities are found to hamper the effective utilisation of graphene in whereby surface area is of paramount importance. When non-contaminated graphene is used to fabricate supercapacitor microelectrodes, a capacitance value closest to the predicted theoretical capacitance for graphene is obtained. We also demonstrate a versatile humidity sensor made from pure graphene oxide which achieves the highest sensitivity and the lowest limit of detection ever reported. Our findings constitute a vital milestone to achieve commercially viable and high performance graphene-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Seyed Hamed Aboutalebi
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Condensed Matter National Laboratory, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, 19395-5531, Iran.,Pasargad Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions (PIAIS), 1991633361, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Ahmad E Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Thomas R Gengenbach
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Ashley Walker
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute & ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Yunfeng Chao
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute & ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute & ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Hossein Alimadadi
- DTU Danchip/Cen, Technical University of Denmark, Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Fysikvej, Building 307, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David R G Mitchell
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - David L Officer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute & ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Douglas R MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute & ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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17
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Nguyen EP, Lee L, Rezk AR, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Yeo LY. Hybrid Surface and Bulk Resonant Acoustics for Concurrent Actuation and Sensing on a Single Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5335-5342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Nguyen
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Lillian Lee
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry Group, School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry Group, School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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18
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Singh M, Jampaiah D, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Della Gaspera E, Reineck P, Judd M, Langley J, Cox N, van Embden J, Mayes ELH, Gibson BC, Bhargava SK, Ramanathan R, Bansal V. Oxygen-deficient photostable Cu 2O for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Nanoscale 2018. [PMID: 29543296 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08388b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies in inorganic semiconductors play an important role in reducing electron-hole recombination, which may have important implications in photocatalysis. Cuprous oxide (Cu2O), a visible light active p-type semiconductor, is a promising photocatalyst. However, the synthesis of photostable Cu2O enriched with oxygen defects remains a challenge. We report a simple method for the gram-scale synthesis of highly photostable Cu2O nanoparticles by the hydrolysis of a Cu(i)-triethylamine [Cu(i)-TEA] complex at low temperature. The oxygen vacancies in these Cu2O nanoparticles led to a significant increase in the lifetimes of photogenerated charge carriers upon excitation with visible light. This, in combination with a suitable energy band structure, allowed Cu2O nanoparticles to exhibit outstanding photoactivity in visible light through the generation of electron-mediated hydroxyl (OH˙) radicals. This study highlights the significance of oxygen defects in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of promising semiconductor photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Ahmad E Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Philipp Reineck
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Martyna Judd
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Julien Langley
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nicholas Cox
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Joel van Embden
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Edwin L H Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility (RMMF), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brant C Gibson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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19
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Venkataswamy P, Jampaiah D, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Reddy BM, Vithal M. Transition (Mn, Fe) and rare earth (La, Pr) metal doped ceria solid solutions for high performance photocatalysis: Effect of metal doping on catalytic activity. Res Chem Intermed 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Khan H, Zavabeti A, Wang Y, Harrison CJ, Carey BJ, Mohiuddin M, Chrimes AF, De Castro IA, Zhang BY, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Ou JZ, Daeneke T, Russo SP, Li Y, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Quasi physisorptive two dimensional tungsten oxide nanosheets with extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity to NO 2. Nanoscale 2017; 9:19162-19175. [PMID: 29186236 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Attributing to their distinct thickness and surface dependent physicochemical properties, two dimensional (2D) nanostructures have become an area of increasing interest for interfacial interactions. Effectively, properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, modulated surface activities and increased control of oxygen vacancies make these types of materials particularly suitable for gas-sensing applications. This work reports a facile wet-chemical synthesis of 2D tungsten oxide nanosheets by sonication of tungsten particles in an acidic environment and thermal annealing thereafter. The resultant product of large nanosheets with intrinsic substoichiometric properties is shown to be highly sensitive and selective to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas, which is a major pollutant. The strong synergy between polar NO2 molecules and tungsten oxide surface and also abundance of active surface sites on the nanosheets for molecule interactions contribute to the exceptionally sensitive and selective response. An extraordinary response factor of ∼30 is demonstrated to ultralow 40 parts per billion (ppb) NO2 at a relatively low operating temperature of 150 °C, within the physisorption temperature band for tungsten oxide. Selectivity to NO2 is demonstrated and the theory behind it is discussed. The structural, morphological and compositional characteristics of the synthesised and annealed materials are extensively characterised and electronic band structures are proposed. The demonstrated 2D tungsten oxide based sensing device holds the greatest promise for producing future commercial low-cost, sensitive and selective NO2 gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareem Khan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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21
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Worthington MJH, Kucera RL, Albuquerque IS, Gibson CT, Sibley A, Slattery AD, Campbell JA, Alboaiji SFK, Muller KA, Young J, Adamson N, Gascooke JR, Jampaiah D, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Ippolito SJ, Lewis DA, Quinton JS, Ellis AV, Johs A, Bernardes GJL, Chalker JM. Laying Waste to Mercury: Inexpensive Sorbents Made from Sulfur and Recycled Cooking Oils. Chemistry 2017; 23:16219-16230. [PMID: 28763123 PMCID: PMC5724514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mercury pollution threatens the environment and human health across the globe. This neurotoxic substance is encountered in artisanal gold mining, coal combustion, oil and gas refining, waste incineration, chloralkali plant operation, metallurgy, and areas of agriculture in which mercury-rich fungicides are used. Thousands of tonnes of mercury are emitted annually through these activities. With the Minamata Convention on Mercury entering force this year, increasing regulation of mercury pollution is imminent. It is therefore critical to provide inexpensive and scalable mercury sorbents. The research herein addresses this need by introducing low-cost mercury sorbents made solely from sulfur and unsaturated cooking oils. A porous version of the polymer was prepared by simply synthesising the polymer in the presence of a sodium chloride porogen. The resulting material is a rubber that captures liquid mercury metal, mercury vapour, inorganic mercury bound to organic matter, and highly toxic alkylmercury compounds. Mercury removal from air, water and soil was demonstrated. Because sulfur is a by-product of petroleum refining and spent cooking oils from the food industry are suitable starting materials, these mercury-capturing polymers can be synthesised entirely from waste and supplied on multi-kilogram scales. This study is therefore an advance in waste valorisation and environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. H. Worthington
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Renata L. Kucera
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Inês S. Albuquerque
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Christopher T. Gibson
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alexander Sibley
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ashley D. Slattery
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jonathan A. Campbell
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Salah F. K. Alboaiji
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Katherine A. Muller
- Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Jason Young
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Flinders Analytical, School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nick Adamson
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jason R. Gascooke
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David A. Lewis
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jamie S. Quinton
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Amanda V. Ellis
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alexander Johs
- Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and TechnologyFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
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22
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Worthington MJH, Kucera RL, Albuquerque IS, Gibson CT, Sibley A, Slattery AD, Campbell JA, Alboaiji SFK, Muller KA, Young J, Adamson N, Gascooke JR, Jampaiah D, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Ippolito SJ, Lewis DA, Quinton JS, Ellis AV, Johs A, Bernardes GJL, Chalker JM. Cover Feature: Laying Waste to Mercury: Inexpensive Sorbents Made from Sulfur and Recycled Cooking Oils (Chem. Eur. J. 64/2017). Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max J. H. Worthington
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Renata L. Kucera
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Inês S. Albuquerque
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
| | - Christopher T. Gibson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Alexander Sibley
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Ashley D. Slattery
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Jonathan A. Campbell
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Salah F. K. Alboaiji
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Katherine A. Muller
- Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Jason Young
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Flinders Analytical, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Nick Adamson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Jason R. Gascooke
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - David A. Lewis
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Jamie S. Quinton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
| | - Amanda V. Ellis
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Alexander Johs
- Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia Australia
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23
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Canjeevaram Balasubramanyam RK, Kandjani AE, Harrison CJ, Abdul Haroon Rashid SSA, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK, Narayan R, Basak P, Ippolito SJ. 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles as a Single Component Photoactive Layer: A New Paradigm for Broadband Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:27875-27882. [PMID: 28777542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single component organic photodetectors capable of broadband light sensing represent a paradigm shift for designing flexible and inexpensive optoelectronic devices. The present study demonstrates the application of a new quadrupolar 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative with spectral sensitivity across 350-830 nm as a potential broadband organic photodetector (OPD) material. The amphoteric redox characteristics evinced from the electrochemical studies are exploited to conceptualize a single component OPD with ITO and Al as active electrodes. The photodiode showed impressive broadband photoresponse to monochromatic light sources of 365, 470, 525, 589, 623, and 830 nm. Current density-voltage (J-V) and transient photoresponse studies showed stable and reproducible performance under continuous on/off modulations. The devices operating in reverse bias at 6 V displayed broad spectral responsivity (R) and very good detectivity (D*) peaking a maximum 0.9 mA W-1 and 1.9 × 1010 Jones (at 623 nm and 500 μW cm-2) with a fast rise and decay times of 75 and 140 ms, respectively. Low dark current densities ranging from 1.8 × 10-10 Acm-2 at 1 V to 7.2 × 10-9 A cm-2 at 6 V renders an operating range to amplify the photocurrent signal, spectral responsivity, and detectivity. Interestingly, the fabricated OPDs display a self-operational mode which is rarely reported for single component organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Canjeevaram Balasubramanyam
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Ahmad E Kandjani
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Christopher J Harrison
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Syed Sulthan Alaudeen Abdul Haroon Rashid
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Ramanuj Narayan
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Pratyay Basak
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Samuel J Ippolito
- School of Engineering (SoE), ‡School of Sciences, and §Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University , 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division; RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre, ⊥Nanomaterials Laboratory, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, and #Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT) , Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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24
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Joshi S, Ippolito SJ, Periasamy S, Sabri YM, Sunkara MV. Efficient Heterostructures of Ag@CuO/BaTiO 3 for Low-Temperature CO 2 Gas Detection: Assessing the Role of Nanointerfaces during Sensing by Operando DRIFTS Technique. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:27014-27026. [PMID: 28741353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetragonal BaTiO3 spheroids synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route using Tween 80 were observed to be polydispersed with a diameter in the range of ∼15-75 nm. Thereon, BaTiO3 spheroids were decorated with different percentages of Ag@CuO by wet impregnation, and their affinity toward carbon dioxide (CO2) gas when employed as sensitive layers in a microsensor was investigated. The results revealed that the metal nanocomposite-based sensor had an exceptional stability and sensitivity toward CO2 gas (6-fold higher response), with appreciable response and recovery times (<10 s) and higher repeatability (98%) and accuracy (96%) at a low operating temperature of 120 °C, compared to those of pure BaTiO3 and CuO. Such improved gas-sensing performances even at a very low concentration (∼700 ppm) is attributable to both the chemical and electrical contributions of Ag@CuO forming intermittent nanointerfaces with BaTiO3 spheroids, exhibiting unique structural stability. The CO2-sensing mechanism of CuO/BaTiO3 nanocomposite was studied by the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy technique that established the reaction of CO2 with BaO and CuO to form the respective carbonate species that is correlated with the change in material resistance consequently monitored as sensor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravanti Joshi
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health and ‡School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- RMIT-IICT Research Centre and ∥Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, Nanomaterials Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Samuel J Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health and ‡School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- RMIT-IICT Research Centre and ∥Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, Nanomaterials Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Selvakannan Periasamy
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health and ‡School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- RMIT-IICT Research Centre and ∥Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, Nanomaterials Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health and ‡School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- RMIT-IICT Research Centre and ∥Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, Nanomaterials Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Manorama V Sunkara
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health and ‡School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- RMIT-IICT Research Centre and ∥Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, Nanomaterials Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007, India
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25
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Lay B, Coyle VE, Kandjani AE, Amin MH, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Nickel-gold bimetallic monolayer colloidal crystals fabricated via galvanic replacement as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5441-5449. [PMID: 32264083 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic Ni-Au monolayer colloidal crystals (MCCs) were fabricated by galvanic replacement of Ni monolayers with Au salt. The influence of Au concentration used in the galvanic replacement solutions on the morphology and structure of the resulting Ni-Au surface is studied. It was found that the use of monolayer colloidal crystals, which display cohesive structure formations across the monolayer, results in the galvanic replacement reaction occurring more evenly over the surface when compared to the thin film counterpart. The fabricated devices were analyzed under alkaline conditions using chronoamperometric techniques to detect glucose concentrations ranging between 20 μM and 10 mM. The optimum Ni-Au MCC substrate was produced using 0.1 mM Au salt solution and showed a very low experimental detection limit of 14.9 μM and a calculated sensitivity of 506 μA mM-1 cm-2, which was ∼3 times larger than that of the plain Ni MCC substrate. The Ni-Au MCC substrate also showed minimal current response changes in the presence of common physiological contaminants, thus being a highly selective electrochemical glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebeto Lay
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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26
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Kabir KM, Ippolito SJ, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Nano-engineered surfaces for mercury vapor sensing: Current state and future possibilities. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Coyle VE, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. Au Nanospikes as a Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensor: Exploring Morphological Changes with the Elaborated Chronoamperometric Method. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Coyle
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science; RMIT University; GPO Box 2476 V Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science; RMIT University; GPO Box 2476 V Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science; RMIT University; GPO Box 2476 V Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science; RMIT University; GPO Box 2476 V Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
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28
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Sabri YM, Kabir KMM, Boom E, Rosenberg S, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Mercury Detection in Real Industrial Flue Gas Using a Nanostructured Quartz Crystal Microbalance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Eric Boom
- South32 Worsley
Alumina Pty Ltd, Perth, Western
Australia 6000, Australia
| | | | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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29
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Kabir KMM, Sabri YM, Matthews GI, Jones LA, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Selective detection of elemental mercury vapor using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor. Analyst 2016; 140:5508-17. [PMID: 26065560 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) within industrial processes is extremely important as it is the first major step in ensuring the efficient operation of implemented mercury removal technologies. In this study, a 131 MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line sensor with gold electrodes was tested towards Hg(0) vapor (24 to 365 ppbv) with/without the presence of ammonia (NH3) and humidity (H2O), as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetaldehyde (MeCHO), ethylmercaptan (EM), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), which are all common interfering gas species that co-exist in many industrial applications requiring mercury monitoring. The developed sensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.7 ppbv and 4.85 ppbv at 35 and 55 °C, respectively. Furthermore, a repeatability of 97% and selectivity of 92% in the presence of contaminant gases was exhibited by the sensor at the chosen operating temperature of 55 °C. The response magnitude of the developed SAW sensor towards different concentrations of Hg(0) vapor fitted well with the Langmuir extension isotherm (otherwise known as loading ratio correlation (LRC)) which is in agreement with our basic finite element method (FEM) work where an LRC isotherm was observed for a simplified model of the SAW sensor responding to different Hg contents deposited on the Au based electrodes. Overall, the results indicate that the developed SAW sensor can be a potential solution for online selective detection of low concentrations of Hg(0) vapor found in industrial stack effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Mohibul Kabir
- Mercury Management and Chemical Sensing Laboratory (MMCSL), Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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30
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Griffin MJ, Kabir KMM, Coyle VE, Kandjani AE, Sabri YM, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. A Nanoengineered Conductometric Device for Accurate Analysis of Elemental Mercury Vapor. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:1384-1392. [PMID: 26683634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel conductometric device with nanostructured gold (Au) sensitive layer which showed high-performance for elemental mercury (Hg(0)) vapor detection under simulated conditions that resemble harsh industrial environments. That is, the Hg(0) vapor sensing performance of the developed sensor was investigated under different operating temperatures (30-130 °C) and working conditions (i.e., humid) as well as in the presence of various interfering gas species, including ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), carbon mono-oxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ethylmercaptan (EM), acetaldehyde (MeCHO) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) among others. The results indicate that the introduction of Au nanostructures (referred to as nanospikes) on the sensor's surface enhanced the sensitivity toward Hg(0) vapor by up-to 450%. The newly developed sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LoD) (∼35 μg/m(3)), repeatability (∼94%), desorption efficiency (100%) and selectivity (∼93%) when exposed to different concentrations of Hg(0) vapor (0.5 to 9.1 mg/m(3)) and interfering gas species at a chosen operating temperature of 105 °C. Furthermore, the sensor was also found to show 91% average selectivity when exposed toward harsher industrial gases such as NO, CO, CO2, and SO2 along with same concentrations of Hg(0) vapor in similar operating conditions. In fact, this is the first time a conductometric sensor is shown to have high selectivity toward Hg(0) vapor even in the presence of H2S. Overall results indicate that the developed sensor has immense potential to be used as accurate online Hg(0) vapor monitoring technology within industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Griffin
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - K M Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Victoria E Coyle
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Samuel J Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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31
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Kabir KMM, Sabri YM, Lay B, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. A silver electrode based surface acoustic wave (SAW) mercury vapor sensor: a physio-chemical and analytical investigation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a surface acoustic wave based Hg0 vapour sensor was developed where Ag IDT electrodes were employed as lone sensing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Bebeto Lay
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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32
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Soni SK, Kabir KMM, Babarao R, Coyle VE, Sarkar S, Sabri YM, Bhargava SK. A QCM-based ‘on–off’ mechanistic study of gas adsorption by plasmid DNA and DNA–[Bmim][PF6] construct. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14759c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the adsorption behavior of disease markers such as ammonia (NH3) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) with biomaterials has been presented to enable the development of self-diagnosis technologies, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Soni
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ravichandar Babarao
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Australia
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | - Victoria E. Coyle
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Sampa Sarkar
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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33
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Kabir KMM, Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Development and comparative investigation of Ag-sensitive layer based SAW and QCM sensors for mercury sensing applications. Analyst 2016; 141:2463-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02568k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we developed Ag sensitive layer-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors and focused on their comparative analysis for Hg sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced materials & Industrial chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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34
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Jampaiah D, Srinivasa Reddy T, Kandjani AE, Selvakannan PR, Sabri YM, Coyle VE, Shukla R, Bhargava SK. Fe-doped CeO2 nanorods for enhanced peroxidase-like activity and their application towards glucose detection. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3874-3885. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Surface defects of Fe-doped CeO2 nanorods were found to be active sites for increasing peroxidase mimetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshetti Jampaiah
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - T. Srinivasa Reddy
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - P. R. Selvakannan
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Victoria E. Coyle
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Ravi Shukla
- Nanobiotechnology Research Laboratory
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
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Jampaiah D, Ippolito SJ, Sabri YM, Tardio J, Selvakannan PR, Nafady A, Reddy BM, Bhargava SK. Ceria–zirconia modified MnOx catalysts for gaseous elemental mercury oxidation and adsorption. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The developed ceria–zirconia modified MnOx catalysts were found to exhibit enhanced Hg0 oxidation and removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshetti Jampaiah
- RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500 607
- India
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne–3001
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne–3001
- Australia
| | - James Tardio
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne–3001
- Australia
| | - P. R. Selvakannan
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne–3001
- Australia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjaram M. Reddy
- RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad – 500 607
- India
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne–3001
- Australia
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Kabir KMM, Sabri YM, Esmaielzadeh Kandjani A, Matthews GI, Field M, Jones LA, Nafady A, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Mercury Sorption and Desorption on Gold: A Comparative Analysis of Surface Acoustic Wave and Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Based Sensors. Langmuir 2015; 31:8519-29. [PMID: 26169072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical sensors based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducers possess substantial potential as online elemental mercury (Hg(0)) vapor detectors in industrial stack effluents. In this study, a comparison of SAW- and QCM-based sensors is performed for the detection of low concentrations of Hg(0) vapor (ranging from 24 to 365 ppbv). Experimental measurements and finite element method (FEM) simulations allow the comparison of these sensors with regard to their sensitivity, sorption and desorption characteristics, and response time following Hg(0) vapor exposure at various operating temperatures ranging from 35 to 75 °C. Both of the sensors were fabricated on quartz substrates (ST and AT cut quartz for SAW and QCM devices, respectively) and employed thin gold (Au) layers as the electrodes. The SAW-based sensor exhibited up to ∼111 and ∼39 times higher response magnitudes than did the QCM-based sensor at 35 and 55 °C, respectively, when exposed to Hg(0) vapor concentrations ranging from 24 to 365 ppbv. The Hg(0) sorption and desorption calibration curves of both sensors were found to fit well with the Langmuir extension isotherm at different operating temperatures. Furthermore, the Hg(0) sorption and desorption rate demonstrated by the SAW-based sensor was found to decrease as the operating temperature increased, while the opposite trend was observed for the QCM-based sensor. However, the SAW-based sensor reached the maximum Hg(0) sorption rate faster than the QCM-based sensor regardless of operating temperature, whereas both sensors showed similar response times (t90) at various temperatures. Additionally, the sorption rate data was utilized in this study in order to obtain a faster response time from the sensor upon exposure to Hg(0) vapor. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the developed sensors' selectivity showed that the SAW-based sensor had a higher overall selectivity (90%) than did the QCM counterpart (84%) while Hg(0) vapor was measured in the presence of ammonia (NH3), humidity, and a number of volatile organic compounds at the chosen operating temperature of 55 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayman Nafady
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- ⊥Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Esmaielzadeh Kandjani A, Sabri YM, Mohammad-Taheri M, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. Detect, remove and reuse: a new paradigm in sensing and removal of Hg (II) from wastewater via SERS-active ZnO/Ag nanoarrays. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:1578-1584. [PMID: 25407243 DOI: 10.1021/es503527e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercury being one of the most toxic heavy metals has long been a focus of concern due to its gravest threats to human health and environment. Although multiple methods have been developed to detect and/or remove dissolved mercury, many require complicated procedures and sophisticated equipment. Here, we describe a simple surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active ZnO/Ag nanoarrays that can detect Hg(2+), remove Hg(2+) and can be fully regenerated, not just from Hg(2+) contamination when heat-treated but also from the SERS marker when exposed to UV as a result of the self-cleaning ability of this schottky junction photocatalyst. The sensors are also highly selective because of the unique way mercury (among other chemicals) interacts with Ag nanoparticles, thus reducing its SERS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani
- Mercury Management and Chemical Sensing laboratory (MMCSL), Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476 V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Sabri YM, Kandjani AE, Ippolito SJ, Bhargava SK. Nanosphere monolayer on a transducer for enhanced detection of gaseous heavy metal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:1491-1499. [PMID: 25562372 DOI: 10.1021/am507069z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports for the first time that polystyrene monodispersed nanosphere monolayer (PS-MNM) based Au (Au-MNM) and Ag (Ag-MNM) nanostructures deposited on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducers can be used for nonoptical based chemical sensing with extremely high sensitivity and selectivity. This was demonstrated by exposing the Au-MNM and Ag-MNM based QCMs to low concentrations of Hg(0) vapor in the presence interferent gas species (i.e., H2O, NH3, volatile organics, etc.) at operating temperatures of 30 and 75 °C. At 30 °C, the Au-MNM and Ag-MNM based QCMs showed ∼16 and ∼20 times higher response magnitude toward Hg(0) vapor concentration of 3.26 mg/m(3) (364 parts per billion by volume (ppbv)) relative to their unmodified control counterparts, respectively. The results indicated that the extremely high sensitivity was not due to the increased surface area (only 4.62 times increase) but due to their long-range interspatial order and high number of surface defect formation which are selectively active toward Hg(0) vapor sorption. The Au-MNM and Ag-MNM also had more than an order of magnitude lower detection limits (<3 ppbv) toward Hg(0) vapor compared to their unmodified control counterparts (>30 ppbv). When the operating temperature was increased from 30 to 75 °C, it was found that the sensors exhibited lower drift, better accuracy, and better selectivity toward Hg(0) vapor but at the compromise of higher detection limits. The high repeatability (84%), accuracy (97%), and stability of Au-MNM in particular make it practical to potentially be used as nonspectroscopic based Hg(0) vapor sensor in many industries either as mercury emission monitoring or as part of a mercury control feedback system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Larki P, Sabri YM, Kabir KMM, Nafady A, Kandjani AE, Bhargava SK. Silver/gold core/shell nanowire monolayer on a QCM microsensor for enhanced mercury detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of a silver nanowire monolayer (Ag NWML) galvanically replaced with gold (Au) directly on the electrodes of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducer for non-spectroscopic based elemental mercury (Hg0) vapor sensing is reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Larki
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Sohag University
- Sohag
- Egypt
| | - Ahmad Esmaielzadeh Kandjani
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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Jampaiah D, Ippolito SJ, Sabri YM, Reddy BM, Bhargava SK. Highly efficient nanosized Mn and Fe codoped ceria-based solid solutions for elemental mercury removal at low flue gas temperatures. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mn and Fe codoped ceria-based solid solutions are effective catalysts for Hg0 removal at low flue gas temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshetti Jampaiah
- RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 607
- India
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne 3001
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne 3001
- Australia
| | - Benjaram M. Reddy
- RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 607
- India
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne 3001
- Australia
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Jampaiah D, Tur KM, Venkataswamy P, Ippolito SJ, Sabri YM, Tardio J, Bhargava SK, Reddy BM. Catalytic oxidation and adsorption of elemental mercury over nanostructured CeO2–MnOx catalyst. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of oxygen vacancies and synergetic interaction between Ce and Mn were responsible for superior Hg0 oxidation performance of CeO2–MnOx compared to pure CeO2 and MnOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshetti Jampaiah
- RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
| | - Katie M. Tur
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Perala Venkataswamy
- RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Samuel J. Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Ylias M. Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - James Tardio
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne-3001
- Australia
| | - Benjaram M. Reddy
- RMIT-IICT Joint Research Centre
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
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Sabri YM, Ippolito SJ, Tardio J, Bansal V, O'Mullane AP, Bhargava SK. Gold nanospikes based microsensor as a highly accurate mercury emission monitoring system. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6741. [PMID: 25338965 PMCID: PMC4206864 DOI: 10.1038/srep06741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic elemental mercury (Hg(0)) emission is a serious worldwide environmental problem due to the extreme toxicity of the heavy metal to humans, plants and wildlife. Development of an accurate and cheap microsensor based online monitoring system which can be integrated as part of Hg(0) removal and control processes in industry is still a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate that forming Au nanospike structures directly onto the electrodes of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) using a novel electrochemical route results in a self-regenerating, highly robust, stable, sensitive and selective Hg(0) vapor sensor. The data from a 127 day continuous test performed in the presence of volatile organic compounds and high humidity levels, showed that the sensor with an electrodeposted sensitive layer had 260% higher response magnitude, 3.4 times lower detection limit (~22 μg/m(3) or ~2.46 ppb(v)) and higher accuracy (98% Vs 35%) over a Au control based QCM (unmodified) when exposed to a Hg(0) vapor concentration of 10.55 mg/m(3) at 101°C. Statistical analysis of the long term data showed that the nano-engineered Hg(0) sorption sites on the developed Au nanospikes sensitive layer play a critical role in the enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of the developed sensor towards Hg(0) vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylias M Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001
| | - Samuel J Ippolito
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001
| | - James Tardio
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3001
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Selvakannan P, Ramanathan R, Plowman BJ, Sabri YM, Daima HK, O'Mullane AP, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. Probing the effect of charge transfer enhancement in off resonance mode SERS via conjugation of the probe dye between silver nanoparticles and metal substrates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 15:12920-9. [PMID: 23812309 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51646f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The charge transfer-mediated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of crystal violet (CV) molecules that were chemically conjugated between partially polarized silver nanoparticles and optically smooth gold and silver substrates has been studied under off-resonant conditions. Tyrosine molecules were used as a reducing agent to convert silver ions into silver nanoparticles where oxidised tyrosine caps the silver nanoparticle surface with its semiquinone group. This binding through the quinone group facilitates charge transfer and results in partially oxidised silver. This establishes a chemical link between the silver nanoparticles and the CV molecules, where the positively charged central carbon of CV molecules can bind to the terminal carboxylate anion of the oxidised tyrosine molecules. After drop casting Ag nanoparticles bound with CV molecules it was found that the free terminal amine groups tend to bind with the underlying substrates. Significantly, only those CV molecules that were chemically conjugated between the partially polarised silver nanoparticles and the underlying gold or silver substrates were found to show SERS under off-resonant conditions. The importance of partial charge transfer at the nanoparticle/capping agent interface and the resultant conjugation of CV molecules to off resonant SERS effects was confirmed by using gold nanoparticles prepared in a similar manner. In this case the capping agent binds to the nanoparticle through the amine group which does not facilitate charge transfer from the gold nanoparticle and under these conditions SERS enhancement in the sandwich configuration was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pr Selvakannan
- Center for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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Jampaiah D, Tur KM, Ippolito SJ, Sabri YM, Tardio J, Bhargava SK, Reddy BM. Structural characterization and catalytic evaluation of transition and rare earth metal doped ceria-based solid solutions for elemental mercury oxidation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sabri YM, Ippolito SJ, Atanacio AJ, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. Mercury vapor sensor enhancement by nanostructured gold deposited on nickel surfaces using galvanic replacement reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sabri YM, Ippolito SJ, Al Kobaisi M, Griffin MJ, Nelson DR, Bhargava SK. Investigation of Hg sorption and diffusion behavior on ultra-thin films of gold using QCM response analysis and SIMS depth profiling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Sabri YM, Ippolito SJ, O'Mullane AP, Tardio J, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. Creating gold nanoprisms directly on quartz crystal microbalance electrodes for mercury vapor sensing. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:305501. [PMID: 21719970 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/30/305501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical route is used to form highly {111}-oriented and size-controlled Au nanoprisms directly onto the electrodes of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) which are subsequently used as mercury vapor sensors. The Au nanoprism loaded QCM sensors exhibited excellent response-concentration linearity with a response enhancement of up to ∼ 800% over a non-modified sensor at an operating temperature of 28 °C. The increased surface area and atomic-scale features (step/defect sites) introduced during the growth of nanoprisms are thought to play a significant role in enhancing the sensing properties of the Au nanoprisms toward Hg vapor. The sensors are shown to have excellent Hg sensing capabilities in the concentration range of 0.123-1.27 ppm(v) (1.02-10.55 mg m(-3)), with a detection limit of 2.4 ppb(v) (0.02 mg m(-3)) toward Hg vapor when operating at 28 °C, and 17 ppb(v) (0.15 mg m(-3)) at 89 °C, making them potentially useful for air monitoring applications or for monitoring the efficiency of Hg emission control systems in industries such as mining and waste incineration. The developed sensors exhibited excellent reversible behavior (sensor recovery) within 1 h periods, and crucially were also observed to have high selectivity toward Hg vapor in the presence of ethanol, ammonia and humidity, and excellent long-term stability over a 33 day operating period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Sabri
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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48
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Plowman B, Ippolito SJ, Bansal V, Sabri YM, O'Mullane AP, Bhargava SK. Gold nanospikes formed through a simple electrochemical route with high electrocatalytic and surface enhanced Raman scattering activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5039-41. [PMID: 19668842 DOI: 10.1039/b910830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple electrochemical route to produce uniformly sized gold nanospikes without the need for a capping agent or prior modification of the electrode surface, which are predominantly oriented in the {111} crystal plane and exhibit promising electrocatalytic and SERS properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Plowman
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Australia
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O'Mullane AP, Ippolito SJ, Sabri YM, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. Premonolayer oxidation of nanostructured gold: an important factor influencing electrocatalytic activity. Langmuir 2009; 25:3845-3852. [PMID: 19708156 DOI: 10.1021/la8039016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of the electrodeposition of polycrystalline gold in aqueous solution is important from the viewpoint that in electrocatalysis applications ill-defined micro- and nanostructured surfaces are often employed. In this work, the morphology of gold was controlled by the electrodeposition potential and the introduction of Pb(CH3COO)2 x 3H2O into the plating solution to give either smooth or nanostructured gold crystallites or large dendritic structures which have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The latter structures were achieved through a novel in situ galvanic replacement of lead with AuCl4-(aq) during the course of gold electrodeposition. The electrochemical behavior of electrodeposited gold in the double layer region was studied in acidic and alkaline media and related to electrocatalytic performance for the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide and methanol. It was found that electrodeposited gold is a significantly better electrocatalyst than a polished gold electrode; however, performance is highly dependent on the chosen deposition parameters. The fabrication of a deposit with highly active surface states, comparable to those achieved at severely disrupted metal surfaces through thermal and electrochemical methods, does not result in the most effective electrocatalyst. This is due to significant premonolayer oxidation that occurs in the double layer region of the electrodeposited gold. In particular, in alkaline solution, where gold usually shows the most electrocatalytic activity, these active surface states may be overoxidized and inhibit the electrocatalytic reaction. However, the activity and morphology of an electrodeposited film can be tailored whereby electrodeposited gold that exhibits nanostructure within the crystallites on the surface demonstrated enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to smaller smooth gold crystallites and larger dendritic structures in potential regions well within the double layer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
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50
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Sawant PD, Sabri YM, Ippolito SJ, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. In-depth nano-scale analysis of complex interactions of Hg with gold nanostructures using AFM-based power spectrum density method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:2374-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b816592k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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