1
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Babikir AH, Mao X, Du A, Riches JD, Ostrikov KK, O'Mullane AP. Electrochemical Nitrate-to-Ammonia Conversion Enabled by Carbon-Decoration of Ni─GaOOH Synthesized via Plasma-Assisted CO 2 Reduction. Small 2024:e2311302. [PMID: 38429242 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The release of nitrates into the environment leads to contaminated soil and water that poses a health risk to humans and animals. Due to the transition to renewable energy-based technologies, an electrochemical approach is an emerging option that can selectively produce valuable ammonia from nitrate sources. However, traditional metal-based electrocatalysts often suffer from low nitrate adsorption that reduces NH3 production rates. Here, a Ni-GaOOH-C/Ga electrocatalyst for electrochemical nitrate conversion into NH3 is synthesized via a low energy atmospheric-pressure plasma process that reduces CO2 into highly dispersed activated carbon on dispersed Ni─GaOOH particles produced from a liquid metal Ga─Ni alloy precursor. Nitrate conversion rates of up to 26.3 µg h-1 mg-1 cat are achieved with good stability of up to 20 h. Critically, the presence of carbon centers is central to improved performance where both Ni─C and NiO─C interfaces act as NO3- adsorption and reduction centers during the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the NiO─C and Ni─C reaction sites reduce the Gibbs free energy required for NO3- reduction to NH3 compared to NiO and Ni. Importantly, catalysts without carbon centers do not produce NH3 , emphasizing the unique effects of incorporating carbon nanoparticles into the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd H Babikir
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - James D Riches
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Mao X, He T, Kour G, Yin H, Ling C, Gao G, Jin Y, Liu Q, O'Mullane AP, Du A. Computational electrocatalysis beyond conventional hydrogen electrode model: CO 2 reduction to C 2 species on copper facilitated by dynamically formed solvent halide ions at the solid-liquid interface. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3330-3338. [PMID: 38425530 PMCID: PMC10901514 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels has been actively studied as a promising strategy for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. However, the dilemma for the experimentalist in choosing an appropriate reaction medium and neglecting the effect of solvent ions when using a simple thermochemical model, normally leads to the disagreement between experimental observations and theoretical calculations. In this work, by considering the effects of both the anion and cation, a more realistic CO2 reduction environment at the solid-liquid interface between copper and solvent ions has been systematically studied by using ab initio molecular dynamics and density functional theory. We revealed that the co-occurrence of alkali ions (K+) and halide ions (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) in the electric double layer (EDL) can enhance the adsorption of CO2 by more than 0.45 eV compared to that in pure water, and the calculated energy barrier for CO-CO coupling also decreases 0.32 eV in the presence of I ion on a negatively charged copper electrode. The hydrated ions can modulate the distribution of the charge near the solid-liquid interface, which significantly promotes CO2 reduction and meanwhile impedes the hydrogen evolution reaction. Therefore, our work unveils the significant role of halide ions at the electrode-electrolyte interface for promoting CO2 reduction on copper electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Material Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Tianwei He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Gurpreet Kour
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Material Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Hanqing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Material Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Chongyi Ling
- School of Physics, Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Guoping Gao
- MOE Key Lab for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yonggang Jin
- CSIRO Mineral Resources 1 Technology Court Pullenvale QLD 4069 Australia
| | - Qingju Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Material Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Material Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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Hapuarachchi SNS, Jones MWM, Wasalathilake KC, Marriam I, Nerkar JY, Kirby N, Siriwardena DP, Fernando JFS, Golberg DV, O'Mullane AP, Zheng JC, Yan C. Operando Investigation of Silicon Anodes During Electrochemical Cycling in Li-ion Batteries. Small Methods 2023:e2301199. [PMID: 38126678 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is recognized as a promising anode material for next-generation anodes due to its high capacity. However, large volume expansion and active particle pulverization during cycling rapidly deteriorate the battery performance. The relationship between Si anode particle size and particle pulverization, and the structure evolution of Si particles during cycling is not well understood. In this study, a quantitative, time-resolved "operando" small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) investigation into the morphological change of unwrapped and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wrapped Si nanoparticles (Si@rGO) is conducted with respect to the operating voltage. The results provide a clear picture of Si particle size change and the role of nonrigid rGO in mitigating Si volume expansion and pulverization. Further, this study demonstrates the advantage of "operando" SAXS in electrochemical environments as compared to other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashini N S Hapuarachchi
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Michael W M Jones
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Kimal C Wasalathilake
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Ifra Marriam
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Jawahar Y Nerkar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Nigel Kirby
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Joseph F S Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Golberg
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Jun-Chao Zheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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Mao X, Gong W, Fu Y, Li J, Wang X, O'Mullane AP, Xiong Y, Du A. Computational Design and Experimental Validation of Enzyme Mimicking Cu-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Reduction of CO 2 into C 2 Products: C-C Coupling Promoted by Ligand Modulation and the Optimal Cu-Cu Distance. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21442-21453. [PMID: 37748045 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
While extensive research has been conducted on the conversion of CO2 to C1 products, the synthesis of C2 products still strongly depends on the Cu electrode. One main issue hindering the C2 production on Cu-based catalysts is the lack of an appropriate Cu-Cu distance to provide the ideal platform for the C-C coupling process. Herein, we identify a lab-synthesized artificial enzyme with an optimal Cu-Cu distance, named MIL-53 (Cu) (MIL= Materials of Institute Lavoisier), for CO2 conversion by using a density functional theory method. By substituting the ligands in the porous MIL-53 (Cu) nanozyme with functional groups from electron-donating NH2 to electron-withdrawing NO2, the Cu-Cu distance and charge of Cu can be significantly tuned, thus modulating the adsorption strength of CO2 that impacts the catalytic activity. MIL-53 (Cu) decorated with a COOH-ligand is found to be located at the top of a volcano-shaped plot and exhibits the highest activity and selectivity to reduce CO2 to CH3CH2OH with a limiting potential of only 0.47 eV. In addition, experiments were carried out to successfully synthesize COOH-decorated MIL-53(Cu) to prove its high catalytic performance for C2 production, which resulted in a -55.5% faradic efficiency at -1.19 V vs RHE, which is much higher than the faradic efficiency of the benchmark Cu electrode of 35.7% at -1.05 V vs RHE. Our results demonstrate that the biologically inspired enzyme engineering approach can redefine the structure-activity relationships of nanozyme catalysts and can also provide a new understanding of the catalytic mechanisms in natural enzymes toward the development of highly active and selective artificial nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Wanbing Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Ministry of Education Engineering Research, Centre of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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Fang Q, Yin H, Mao X, Han Y, Yan C, O'Mullane AP, Du A. Theoretical Evaluation of Highly Efficient Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia on InBi. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2410-2415. [PMID: 36856465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia has become a popular approach for wastewater treatment and ammonia production. However, the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts remains a great challenge. Herein, we systematically studied the potential of InBi for nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results reveal that InBi exhibits high activity for NRA via an O-end pathway, where the free energy evolution of all intermediates is downhill in the most favorable elementary steps. The activation of nitrate originates from the strong orbital hybridization between oxygen and indium atoms, leading to an enhanced charge transfer as well as NO3- adsorption. In particular, the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is effectively suppressed due to the weak adsorption of proton. Our study not only proves the great electrocatalytic potential of InBi as a novel catalyst for NRA but also points out a new way to design NRA electrocatalysts for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Fang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Hanqing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- QUT Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Yun Han
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- QUT Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
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6
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Sarfo DK, Kaur A, Marshall DL, O'Mullane AP. Electrochemical degradation and mineralisation of organic dyes in aqueous nitrate solutions. Chemosphere 2023; 316:137821. [PMID: 36640986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment of organic matter for environmental remediation necessitates the development of cheap and robust electrodes that are chemically and structurally stable. To address this challenging requirement, we demonstrate a new electrochemical approach using a simple copper electrode under cathodic conditions to electrochemically generate reactive nitrosonium ions for the degradation of different classes of synthetic organic dyes. This could be achieved in an aqueous HNO3/KNO3 electrolyte at a relatively low cathodic potential of -0.5 V RHE at room temperature. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry and total organic carbon measurements revealed the rapid decolorisation and mineralisation of several dye types such as triarylmethane dyes (crystal violet, cresol red), an azo dye (methyl orange) as well as a sulfur containing thiazine dye (toluidine blue). The total organic carbon content of a 50 mg L-1 methyl orange solution was found to decrease by 83% after 1 h of electrolysis. Promisingly, locally sourced river and creek water samples spiked with 50 mg L-1 methyl orange were also successfully treated for up to 6 cycles at a simple Cu electrode, demonstrating potential for the remediation of polluted waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Sarfo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Arshdeep Kaur
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
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7
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Qin T, Niu J, Liu X, Geng C, O'Mullane AP. Preparation of "Co-N x Carbon Net" Protected CoFe Alloy on Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst in Zn-Air Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:7987-7998. [PMID: 36735624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, Co/Fe bimetallic hydroxide nanosheets (Co3Fe2 BMHs) were densely deposited on polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy NTs), followed by the successive coating of polydopamine (PDA) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)-67 to form a composite catalyst precursor. Then, Co3Fe2 BMHs, PPy NTs, and ZIF-67/PDA in this precursor were calcined into Co2Fe alloy nanoparticles, nitrogen-doped carbon NTs (NCNTs), and a Co-Nx activated carbon net, respectively, which constituted a novel composite catalyst. In this composite catalyst, the high-density Co2Fe alloy nanoparticles are highly dispersed on the NCNT and coated by the Co-Nx activated carbon net. The Co-Nx activated carbon net protects the alloy particles from agglomerating during calcination and from being corroded by the electrolyte. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that the calcination temperature and chemical components of the catalyst precursors greatly affect the morphology, structure, composition, and ultimately electrocatalytic activity of the calcined products. The obtained optimum catalyst material exhibited significant electrocatalytic effects on both the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction with a small ΔE of 0.715 V. The Zn-air battery utilizing this material as the air electrode catalyst showed a power density of 235.5 mW cm-2, an energy density of 1073.5 Wh kg-1, and a round-trip efficiency of 62.3% after 1000 cycles, superior to the benchmark battery based on the mixed commercial catalyst of Pt/C and RuO2. An all-solid-state battery was also assembled to confirm the practical application prospect of the prepared composite material as the air electrode catalyst. More importantly, both experimental data and density functional theory calculations verified that the superior bifunctional catalytic activity was mainly attributed to the synergy between the Co-Nx activated carbon net and Co2Fe alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Qin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyao Geng
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, P.R. China
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT),Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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8
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Wu Z, Liao T, Wang S, Li W, Wijerathne B, Hu W, O'Mullane AP, Gu Y, Sun Z. Volcano relationships and a new activity descriptor of 2D transition metal-Fe layered double hydroxides for efficient oxygen evolution reaction. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:632-645. [PMID: 36520148 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) sites play a critical role in boosting the catalytic activity of transition metal layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the contribution of the Fe content to the catalysis of Fe-doped LDHs is still not well understood. Herein, a series of two-dimensional (2D) Fe-doped MFe-LDHs (M = Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn) was synthesized via a general molecular self-assembly method to track the role of Fe in their electrocatalytic OER activities. Besides the revelation of the intrinsic activity trend of NiFe > CoFe > MnFe > CuFe, volcano-shaped relationships among the catalytic activity descriptors, i.e., overpotential, Tafel slope, and turnover frequency (TOF), and the Fe-content in MFe-LDHs, were identified. Specifically, a ∼20% Fe content resulted in the highest OER performance for the LDH, while excess Fe compromised its activity. A similar volcano relationship was determined between the intermediate adsorption and Fe content via operando impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, and it was shown that the intermediate adsorption capacitance (CPEad) can be a new activity descriptor for electrocatalysts. In this work, we not only performed a systematic study on the role of Fe in 2D Fe-doped LDHs but also offer some new insights into the activity descriptors for electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Ting Liao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Binodhya Wijerathne
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Wanping Hu
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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9
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Sarageng K, Wongprom W, Noorith W, Lertsathitphong P, Crawford J, Nasongkla N, O'Mullane AP, Lertanantawong B. Using H 2O 2 as a green oxidant to produce fluorescent GaOOH nanomaterials from a liquid metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10412-10415. [PMID: 36040125 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02797f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple and rapid method for the synthesis of fluorescent gallium oxyhydroxide (GaOOH) nanoparticles from liquid Ga by a probe sonication method in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant. The aspect ratio of the GaOOH nanoparticles is determined by the concentration of H2O2 and solution pH, as well as the probe energy and sonication time. Further surface modification with cyclodextrin to achieve biocompatibility for potential biomedical applications is reported where an example of cell uptake and fluorescence imaging is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyarat Sarageng
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Wanpawee Wongprom
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Weesuda Noorith
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Panjaphong Lertsathitphong
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Jessica Crawford
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Benchaporn Lertanantawong
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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10
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Tang J, Kumar PV, Scott JA, Tang J, Ghasemian MB, Mousavi M, Han J, Esrafilzadeh D, Khoshmanesh K, Daeneke T, O'Mullane AP, Kaner RB, Rahim MA, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Low Temperature Nano Mechano-electrocatalytic CH 4 Conversion. ACS Nano 2022; 16:8684-8693. [PMID: 35470662 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transforming natural resources to energy sources, such as converting CH4 to H2 and carbon, at high efficiency and low cost is crucial for many industries and environmental sustainability. The high temperature requirement of CH4 conversion regarding many of the current methods remains a critical bottleneck for their practical uptake. Here we report an approach based on gallium (Ga) liquid metal droplets, Ni(OH)2 cocatalysts, and mechanical energy input that offers low-temperature and scalable CH4 conversion into H2 and carbon. Mainly driven by the triboelectric voltage, originating from the joint contributions of the cocatalysts during agitation, CH4 is converted at the Ga and Ni(OH)2 interface through nanotribo-electrochemical reaction pathways. The efficiency of the system is enhanced when the reaction is performed at an increased pressure. The dehydrogenation of other nongaseous hydrocarbons using this approach is also demonstrated. This technology presents a possible low energy route for CH4 conversion without involving high temperature and harsh operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junma Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jason A Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Maedehsadat Mousavi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
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11
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Abstract
The renewable energy driven electrochemical conversion of nitrates to ammonia is emerging as a viable route for the creation of this hydrogen carrier. However, the creation of highly efficient electrocatalysts that show prolonged stability is an ongoing challenge. Here we show that room temperature liquid metal Galinstan can be used as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for nitrate conversion to ammonia achieving rates of up to 2335 μg h−1 cm−2 with a Faradaic efficiency of 100 %. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental observation indicated the activity is due to InSn alloy enrichment within the liquid metal that occurs during the electrocatalytic reaction. This high selectivity for NH3 is also due to additional suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction at the identified In3Sn active site. This work adds to the increasing applicability of liquid metals based on Ga for clean energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Crawford
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Hanqing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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12
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Crawford J, Yin H, Du A, O'Mullane AP. Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion at an InSn‐Enriched Liquid‐Metal Electrode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Crawford
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Hanqing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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13
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Wu Z, Liao T, Wang S, Mudiyanselage JA, Micallef AS, Li W, O'Mullane AP, Yang J, Luo W, Ostrikov K, Gu Y, Sun Z. Conversion of Catalytically Inert 2D Bismuth Oxide Nanosheets for Effective Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysis via Oxygen Vacancy Concentration Modulation. Nanomicro Lett 2022; 14:90. [PMID: 35362783 PMCID: PMC8975907 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies (Vo) in electrocatalysts are closely correlated with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The role of vacancy defects and the effect of their concentration, however, yet remains unclear. Herein, Bi2O3, an unfavorable electrocatalyst for the HER due to a less than ideal hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*), is utilized as a perfect model to explore the function of Vo on HER performance. Through a facile plasma irradiation strategy, Bi2O3 nanosheets with different Vo concentrations are fabricated to evaluate the influence of defects on the HER process. Unexpectedly, while the generated oxygen vacancies contribute to the enhanced HER performance, higher Vo concentrations beyond a saturation value result in a significant drop in HER activity. By tunning the Vo concentration in the Bi2O3 nanosheets via adjusting the treatment time, the Bi2O3 catalyst with an optimized oxygen vacancy concentration and detectable charge carrier concentration of 1.52 × 1024 cm-3 demonstrates enhanced HER performance with an overpotential of 174.2 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2, a Tafel slope of 80 mV dec-1, and an exchange current density of 316 mA cm-2 in an alkaline solution, which approaches the top-tier activity among Bi-based HER electrocatalysts. Density-functional theory calculations confirm the preferred adsorption of H* onto Bi2O3 as a function of oxygen chemical potential (∆μO) and oxygen partial potential (PO2) and reveal that high Vo concentrations result in excessive stability of adsorbed hydrogen and hence the inferior HER activity. This study reveals the oxygen vacancy concentration-HER catalytic activity relationship and provides insights into activating catalytically inert materials into highly efficient electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Ting Liao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Janith Adikaram Mudiyanselage
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Aaron S Micallef
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Ziqi Sun
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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14
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Allioux FM, Ghasemian MB, Xie W, O'Mullane AP, Daeneke T, Dickey MD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology. Nanoscale Horiz 2022; 7:141-167. [PMID: 34982812 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Post-transition liquid metals (LMs) offer new opportunities for accessing exciting dynamics for nanomaterials. As entities with free electrons and ions as well as fluidity, LM-based nanomaterials are fundamentally different from their solid counterparts. The low melting points of most post-transition metals (less than 330 °C) allow for the formation of nanodroplets from bulk metal melts under mild mechanical and chemical conditions. At the nanoscale, these liquid state nanodroplets simultaneously offer high electrical and thermal conductivities, tunable reactivities and useful physicochemical properties. They also offer specific alloying and dealloying conditions for the formation of multi-elemental liquid based nanoalloys or the synthesis of engineered solid nanomaterials. To date, while only a few nanosized LM materials have been investigated, extraordinary properties have been observed for such systems. Multi-elemental nanoalloys have shown controllable homogeneous or heterogeneous core and surface compositions with interfacial ordering at the nanoscale. The interactions and synergies of nanosized LMs with polymeric, inorganic and bio-materials have also resulted in new compounds. This review highlights recent progress and future directions for the synthesis and applications of post-transition LMs and their alloys. The review presents the unique properties of these LM nanodroplets for developing functional materials for electronics, sensors, catalysts, energy systems, and nanomedicine and biomedical applications, as well as other functional systems engineered at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Wanjie Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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15
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Tang J, Tang J, Mayyas M, Ghasemian MB, Sun J, Rahim MA, Yang J, Han J, Lawes DJ, Jalili R, Daeneke T, Saborio MG, Cao Z, Echeverria CA, Allioux FM, Zavabeti A, Hamilton J, Mitchell V, O'Mullane AP, Kaner RB, Esrafilzadeh D, Dickey MD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Liquid-Metal-Enabled Mechanical-Energy-Induced CO 2 Conversion. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2105789. [PMID: 34613649 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A green carbon capture and conversion technology offering scalability and economic viability for mitigating CO2 emissions is reported. The technology uses suspensions of gallium liquid metal to reduce CO2 into carbonaceous solid products and O2 at near room temperature. The nonpolar nature of the liquid gallium interface allows the solid products to instantaneously exfoliate, hence keeping active sites accessible. The solid co-contributor of silver-gallium rods ensures a cyclic sustainable process. The overall process relies on mechanical energy as the input, which drives nano-dimensional triboelectrochemical reactions. When a gallium/silver fluoride mix at 7:1 mass ratio is employed to create the reaction material, 92% efficiency is obtained at a remarkably low input energy of 230 kWh (excluding the energy used for dissolving CO2 ) for the capture and conversion of a tonne of CO2 . This green technology presents an economical solution for CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junma Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Douglas J Lawes
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Maricruz G Saborio
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhenbang Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Claudia A Echeverria
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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16
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Gholami MD, O'Mullane AP, Sonar P, Ayoko GA, Izake EL. Antibody coated conductive polymer for the electrochemical immunosensing of Human Cardiac Troponin I in blood plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339082. [PMID: 34711328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a sensitive biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Rapid determination of cTnI concentration in blood can greatly reduce the potential of significant heart damage and heart failure. Herein, we demonstrate a new electrochemical immunosensor for selective affinity binding and rapid detection of cTnI in blood plasma by an electrochemical method. A conductive film of "poly 2,5-bis(2-thienyl)3,4-diamine-terthiophene (PDATT)" was deposited onto an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrode using chronoamperometry. Anti-cardiac troponin I antibody was then attached to the two amine (NH2) groups substituted on the central thiophene of terthiophene repeating unit of the polymer chain via amide bond formation. The gaps on the surface of the antibody coated immunosensor were backfilled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prevent nonspecific binding of interfering molecules. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine cTnI upon the formation of cTnI immunocomplex on the sensing surface, appearing a peak at 0.27 V. The response range was 0.01-100 ng mL-1 with limit of quantification down to 0.01 ng mL-1. The developed immunosensor was used to determine cTnI in spiked blood plasma without interference from cardiac troponin T (cTnT). Therefore, this new sensor can be utilised for the detection of cTnI biomarker in pathological laboratories and points of care in less than 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz D Gholami
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Emad L Izake
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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17
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Oloye O, Riches JD, O'Mullane AP. Liquid metal assisted sonocatalytic degradation of organic azo dyes to solid carbon particles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9296-9299. [PMID: 34519305 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature liquid metals are an emerging class of materials for a variety of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In this work we explore the use of Ga based liquid metals as a sonochemical catalyst for the degradation of organic azo dyes such as methyl orange, congo red and eriochrome black T. Rapid degradation to non toxic solid carbon particles was achieved over a large dye concentration range to produce differently sized particles via both bath and probe sonication which could be repeated multiple times with the same catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Oloye
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia. .,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - James D Riches
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.,Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia. .,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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18
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Oloye O, O'Mullane AP. Electrochemical Capture and Storage of CO 2 as Calcium Carbonate. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:1767-1775. [PMID: 33565250 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A carbon dioxide capture, conversion, and utilization technology has been developed that can be powered by renewable energy with the potential to mitigate CO2 emissions. This relies on an electrochemical process whereby the dissolution of carbon dioxide into carbonate ions is accelerated by a locally induced pH change at the cathode. The carbonate ions can then complex with metal cations, such as Ca2+ , Sr2+ , or Mn2+ , present in solution to form their respective metal carbonates, which precipitate out of solution. To ensure the cathode is not fouled by deposition of the insulating metal carbonate, the process is operated under hydrogen evolution conditions, thereby alleviating any significant attachment of the solid to the electrode. This process is demonstrated in CO2 -saturated solutions while the possibility of direct air capture is also shown, where the precipitation of CaCO3 from atmospherically dissolved CO2 during electrolysis is observed. The latter process can be significantly enhanced by using 5 vol.% of monoethanolamine (MEA) in the electrochemical cell. Finally, the process is investigated using seawater, which is also successful after the initial precipitation of metal sulfates from solution. In particular, the use of renewable energy to capture CO2 and create CaCO3 while also generating hydrogen may be of particular interest to the cement industry, which has a significant CO2 footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Oloye
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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19
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Joseph J, Fernando JFS, Sayeed MA, Tang C, Golberg D, Du A, Ostrikov K(K, O'Mullane AP. Front Cover: Exploring Aluminum‐Ion Insertion into Magnesium‐Doped Manjiroite (MnO
2
) Nanorods in Aqueous Solution (ChemElectroChem 6/2021). ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jickson Joseph
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Joseph F. S. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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20
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Joseph J, Fernando JFS, Sayeed MA, Tang C, Golberg D, Du A, Ostrikov K(K, O'Mullane AP. Exploring Aluminum‐Ion Insertion into Magnesium‐Doped Manjiroite (MnO
2
) Nanorods in Aqueous Solution. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jickson Joseph
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Joseph F. S. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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21
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Zheng H, Zhang S, Liu X, O'Mullane AP. The application and improvement of TiO 2 (titanate) based nanomaterials for the photoelectrochemical conversion of CO 2 and N 2 into useful products. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the photoelectrochemical (PEC) transformation of atmospheric species such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) into useful industrial products on TiO2 and TiO2 composite photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejie Zheng
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P.R. China
| | - Si Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- P.R. China
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
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22
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Joseph J, Fernando JFS, Sayeed MA, Tang C, Golberg D, Du A, Ostrikov K(K, O'Mullane AP. Exploring Aluminum‐Ion Insertion into Magnesium‐Doped Manjiroite (MnO
2
) Nanorods in Aqueous Solution. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jickson Joseph
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Joseph F. S. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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23
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Li T, Atish C, Silambarasan K, Liu X, O'Mullane AP. Development of an interfacial osmosis diffusion method to prepare imine-based covalent organic polymer electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Sayeed MA, Heron J, Love J, O'Mullane AP. Activating Iron Based Materials for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting via the Incorporation of Noble Metals. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4339-4346. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Jonathan Heron
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Jonathan Love
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology and Practices Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology and Practices Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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25
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Abu Sayeed M, Woods C, Love J, O'Mullane AP. Electrochemical Synthesis of a Multipurpose Pt−Ni Catalyst for Renewable Energy‐Related Electrocatalytic Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Clean Energy Technologies and Practices Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Charlotte Woods
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Jonathan Love
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Clean Energy Technologies and Practices Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
- Centre for Clean Energy Technologies and Practices Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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26
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Mayyas M, Mousavi M, Ghasemian MB, Abbasi R, Li H, Christoe MJ, Han J, Wang Y, Zhang C, Rahim MA, Tang J, Yang J, Esrafilzadeh D, Jalili R, Allioux FM, O'Mullane AP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Pulsing Liquid Alloys for Nanomaterials Synthesis. ACS Nano 2020; 14:14070-14079. [PMID: 32916049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although it remains unexplored, the direct synthesis and expulsion of metals from alloys can offer many opportunities. Here, such a phenomenon is realized electrochemically by applying a polarizing voltage signal to liquid alloys. The signal induces an abrupt interfacial perturbation at the Ga-based liquid alloy surface and results in an unrestrained discharge of minority elements, such as Sn, In, and Zn, from the liquid alloy. We show that this can occur by either changing the surface tension or inducing a reversible redox reaction at the alloys' interface. The expelled metals exhibit nanosized and porous morphologies, and depending on the cell electrochemistry, these metals can be passivated with oxide layers or fully oxidized into distinct nanostructures. The proposed concept of metal expulsion from liquid alloys can be extended to a wide variety of molten metals for producing metallic and metallic compound nanostructures for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Maedehsadat Mousavi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Roozbeh Abbasi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Hongzhe Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Christoe
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yifang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Chengchen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jiong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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27
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Bentley CL, Agoston R, Tao B, Walker M, Xu X, O'Mullane AP, Unwin PR. Correlating the Local Electrocatalytic Activity of Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide Thin Films with Microscopic Composition, Structure, and Porosity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:44307-44316. [PMID: 32880446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film electrodes, produced by coating a conductive support with a thin layer (nanometer to micrometer) of active material, retain the unique properties of nanomaterials (e.g., activity, surface area, conductivity, etc.) while being economically scalable, making them highly desirable as electrocatalysts. Despite the ever-increasing methods of thin-film deposition (e.g., wet chemical synthesis, electrodeposition, chemical vapor deposition, etc.), there is insufficient understanding on the nanoscale electrochemical activity of these materials in relation to structure/composition, particularly for those that lack long-range order (i.e., amorphous thin-film materials). In this work, scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is deployed in tandem with complementary, colocated compositional/structural analysis to understand the microscopic factors governing the electrochemical activity of amorphous molybdenum sulfide (a-MoSx) thin films, a promising class of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. The a-MoSx thin films, produced under ambient conditions by electrodeposition, possess spatially heterogeneous electrocatalytic activity on the tens-of-micrometer scale, which is not attributable to microscopic variations in elemental composition or chemical structure (i.e., Mo and/or S bonding environments), shown through colocated, local energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. A new SECCM protocol is implemented to directly correlate electrochemical activity to the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) in a single measurement, revealing that the spatially heterogeneous HER response of a-MoSx is predominantly attributable to variations in the nanoscale porosity of the thin film, with surface roughness ruled out as a major contributing factor by complementary atomic force microscopy (AFM). As microscopic composition, structure, and porosity (ECSA) are all critical factors dictating the functional properties of nanostructured materials in electrocatalysis and beyond (e.g., battery materials, electrochemical sensors, etc.), this work further cements SECCM as a premier tool for structure-function studies in (electro)materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Roland Agoston
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Binglin Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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28
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Tong S, Luo C, Li J, Mei Z, Wu M, O'Mullane AP, Zhu H. Utilizing a Photocatalysis Process to Achieve a Cathode with Low Charging Overpotential and High Cycling Durability for a Li-O 2 Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20909-20913. [PMID: 32761724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The practical applications of non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries are impeded by large overpotentials and unsatisfactory cycling durability. Reported here is that commonly encountered fatal problems can be efficiently solved by using a carbon- and binder-free electrode of titanium coated with TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Ultraviolet irradiation of the TNAs generates positively charged holes, which efficiently decompose Li2 O2 and Li2 CO3 during recharging, thereby reducing the overpotential to one that is near the equilibrium potential for Li2 O2 formation. The AuNPs promote Li2 O2 formation, resulting in a large discharge capacity. The electrode exhibits excellent stability with about 100 % coulombic efficiency during continuous cycling of up to 200 cycles, which is due to the carbon- and binder-free composition. This work reveals a new strategy towards the development of highly efficient oxygen electrode materials for lithium-oxygen batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfu Tong
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.,Research Institute, Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, 528100, P. R. China
| | - Jiade Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zongwei Mei
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingmei Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Huaiyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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29
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Tong S, Luo C, Li J, Mei Z, Wu M, O'Mullane AP, Zhu H. Utilizing a Photocatalysis Process to Achieve a Cathode with Low Charging Overpotential and High Cycling Durability for a Li‐O
2
Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfu Tong
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Foshan University Foshan 528225 P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Luo
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
- Research Institute Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd. Foshan Guangdong 528100 P. R. China
| | - Jiade Li
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Zongwei Mei
- School of Advanced Materials Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Mingmei Wu
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Huaiyong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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30
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Han J, Tang J, Idrus-Saidi SA, Christoe MJ, O'Mullane AP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Exploring Electrochemical Extrusion of Wires from Liquid Metals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:31010-31020. [PMID: 32545950 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal melt extrusion in gaseous or vacuum environments is a classical approach for forming wires. However, such extrusions have not been investigated in ionic solutions. Here, we use liquid metal (LM) gallium (Ga) and its eutectic alloy with indium (EGaIn) to explore the possibility of electrochemical extrusion of wires and study the tuning of the self-liming oxide layers as the coating for these wires formed during the process. By controlling the surface tension of the LM immersed in an electrolyte, and through the electrocapillary effect, we enable the extrusion of LM wires. The surface morphologies of LM wires and the thickness of the oxide layers are investigated when Ga and EGaIn are processed in neutral and basic electrolytes using various voltages. Taking advantage of the LM oxides, we show that LM wires offer tunable surface oxide thickness and composition using the electrochemical system and investigate the related working mechanisms. The wires are formed into patterns using an automated stage and show a self-healing capability. This work presents an unconventional method for electrochemical fabrication of LM wires, offering prospects for further research and industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhada A Idrus-Saidi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J Christoe
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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31
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Allioux FM, Merhebi S, Ghasemian MB, Tang J, Merenda A, Abbasi R, Mayyas M, Daeneke T, O'Mullane AP, Daiyan R, Amal R, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Bi-Sn Catalytic Foam Governed by Nanometallurgy of Liquid Metals. Nano Lett 2020; 20:4403-4409. [PMID: 32369376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic foams, with intrinsic catalytic properties, are critical for heterogeneous catalysis reactions and reactor designs. Market ready catalytic foams are costly and made of multimaterial coatings with large sub-millimeter open cells providing insufficient active surface area. Here we use the principle of nanometallurgy within liquid metals to prepare nanostructured catalytic metal foams using a low-cost alloy of bismuth and tin with sub-micrometer open cells. The eutectic bismuth and tin liquid metal alloy was processed into nanoparticles and blown into a tin and bismuth nanophase separated heterostructure in aqueous media at room temperature and using an indium brazing agent. The CO2 electroconversion efficiency of the catalytic foam is presented with an impressive 82% conversion efficiency toward formates at high current density of -25 mA cm-2 (-1.2 V vs RHE). Nanometallurgical process applied to liquid metals will lead to exciting possibilities for expanding industrial and research accessibility of catalytic foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Salma Merhebi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Andrea Merenda
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3216, Victoria Australia
| | - Roozbeh Abbasi
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohannad Mayyas
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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32
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Farzana R, Sayeed MA, Joseph J, Ostrikov K(K, O'Mullane AP, Sahajwalla V. Manganese Oxide Derived from a Spent Zn–C Battery as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Farzana
- Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Jickson Joseph
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Veena Sahajwalla
- Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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33
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Hartl H, MacLeod J, O'Mullane AP, Motta N, Ostrikov KK. Multiscale Plasma-Catalytic On-Surface Assembly. Small 2020; 16:e1903184. [PMID: 31433111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlled modification of surfaces is one of the key pursuits of the nanoscience and nanotechnology fields, allowing for the fabrication of bespoke materials with targeted functionalities. However, many surface modifications currently require painstakingly precise and/or energy intensive processing to implement, and are thus limited in scope and scale. Here, a concept which can enhance the capacity for control of surfaces is introduced: plasma-assisted nucleation and self-assembly at atomic to nanoscales, scalable at atmospheric pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Hartl
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nunzio Motta
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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34
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Crawford J, Cowman A, O'Mullane AP. Synthesis of 2D cobalt oxide nanosheets using a room temperature liquid metal. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29181-29186. [PMID: 35521128 PMCID: PMC9055942 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Room temperature liquid metals based on Ga can be used as a synthesis medium for the creation of metal oxide nanomaterials, however one thermodynamic limitation is that metals that are more easily oxidised than Ga are required to ensure their preferential formation. In this work we demonstrate a proof of principle approach whereby exposing the liquid metal alloyed with the required metal to acidic conditions circumvents preferential formation of Ga2O3 and allows for the formation of the required 2D transition metal oxide nanosheets. The synthesis procedure is straightforward in that it only requires bubbling oxygen gas through the liquid metal alloy into a solution of 10 mM HCl. We show that the formation of thin nanosheets of ca. 1 nm in thickness of CoO is possible. The material is characterised using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the CoO nanosheets was investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction where the nanosheet thickness was found to be a factor influencing the activity. This proof of principle offers a route to the possible formation of many other 2D transition metal oxides from metals that are less readily oxidised than Ga by taking advantage of the interesting properties of room temperature liquid metals. A RT liquid metal based on Ga can be used as a synthesis medium for creation of 2D nanosheets of cobalt oxide via expulsion of the sheets from the liquid metal surface into an acidic aqueous solution. The 2D nanosheets are shown to be active for OER.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Crawford
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Aidan Cowman
- Centre for Materials Science
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
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35
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Joseph J, O'Mullane AP, Ostrikov K(K. Hexagonal Molybdenum Trioxide (h‐MoO
3
) as an Electrode Material for Rechargeable Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jickson Joseph
- School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QLD) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation P.O. Box 218 Lindfield NSW 2070 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QLD) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation P.O. Box 218 Lindfield NSW 2070 Australia
- Institute of Future Environments Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QLD) Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation P.O. Box 218 Lindfield NSW 2070 Australia
- Institute of Future Environments Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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Sayeed MA, O'Mullane AP. Electrodeposition at Highly Negative Potentials of an Iron-Cobalt Oxide Catalyst for Use in Electrochemical Water Splitting. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3112-3119. [PMID: 31250515 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Earth-abundant transition metal-based catalysts have been extensively investigated for their applicability in water electrolysers to enable overall water splitting to produce clean hydrogen and oxygen. In this study a Fe-Co based catalyst is electrodeposited in 30 seconds under vigorous hydrogen evolution conditions to produce a high surface area material that is active for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This catalyst can achieve high current densities of 600 mAcm-2 at an applied potential of 1.6 V (vs RHE) in 1 M NaOH with a Tafel slope value of 48 mV dec-1 for the OER. In addition, the HER can be facilitated at current densities as high as 400 mA cm-2 due to the large surface area of the material. The materials were found to be predominantly amorphous but did contain crystalline regions of CoFe2 O4 which became more evident after the OER indicating interesting compositional and structural changes that occur to the catalyst after an electrocatalytic reaction. This rapid method of creating a bimetallic oxide electrode for both the HER and OER could possibly be adopted to other bimetallic oxide systems suitable for electrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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37
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O'Mullane AP, Escudero-Escribano M, Stephens IEL, Krischer K. The Role of Electrocatalysis in a Sustainable Future: From Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage to Emerging Reactions. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2900-2903. [PMID: 31737993 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Ifan E L Stephens
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katharina Krischer
- Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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38
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Pringkasemchai A, Hoshyargar F, Lertanantawong B, O'Mullane AP. Lightweight ITO Electrodes Decorated with Gold Nanostructures for Electrochemical Applications. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angkoonna Pringkasemchai
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Graduate Program King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok 10140 Thailand
| | - Faegheh Hoshyargar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) GPO Box 2434 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Benchaporn Lertanantawong
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Graduate Program King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok 10140 Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) GPO Box 2434 Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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39
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Joseph J, Nerkar J, Tang C, Du A, O'Mullane AP, Ostrikov KK. Reversible Intercalation of Multivalent Al 3+ Ions into Potassium-Rich Cryptomelane Nanowires for Aqueous Rechargeable Al-Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:3753-3760. [PMID: 31102343 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of new battery technology that utilizes abundant electrode materials that are environmentally benign is an important area of research. To alleviate the reliance on Li-ion batteries new energy storage mechanisms are urgently needed. To address these issues, MnO2 nanowires were investigated as a possible electrode material for use in rechargeable Al ion batteries that can operate in aqueous conditions. The use of this type of material and an aqueous electrolyte ensures safe operation as well as easy recycling of spent batteries. A potassium-rich cryptomelane structure was presented, and a new mechanism of electrochemical energy storage was elucidated based on the intercalation and deintercalation of small-radius Al3+ ions interchanging with larger K+ ions in the cryptomelane MnO2 nanowires, which was supported by DFT calculations. This first-time use of a cryptomelane MnO2 cathode for an aqueous Al ion system yielded a discharge capacity of 109 mAh g-1 , which indicates the potential commercial viability of rechargeable aqueous Al-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jickson Joseph
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
- Institute of Future Environments, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Jawahar Nerkar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
- Institute of Future Environments, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
- Institute of Future Environments, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
- Institute of Future Environments, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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40
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Kalantar-Zadeh K, Tang J, Daeneke T, O'Mullane AP, Stewart LA, Liu J, Majidi C, Ruoff RS, Weiss PS, Dickey MD. Emergence of Liquid Metals in Nanotechnology. ACS Nano 2019; 13:7388-7395. [PMID: 31245995 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bulk liquid metals have prospective applications as soft and fluid electrical and thermal conductors in electronic and optical devices, composites, microfluidics, robotics, and metallurgy with unique opportunities for processing, chemistry, and function. Yet liquid metals' great potential in nanotechnology remains in its infancy. Although work to date focuses primarily on Ga, Hg, and their alloys, to expand the field, we define "liquid metals" as metals and alloys with melting points (mp) up to 330 °C, readily accessible and processable even using household kitchen appliances. Such a definition encompasses a family of metals-including the majority of post-transition metals and Zn group elements (excluding Zn itself)-with remarkable versatility in chemistry, physics, and engineering. These liquid alloys can create metallic compounds of different morphologies, compositions, and properties, thereby enabling control over nanoscale phenomena. In addition, the presence of electronic and ionic "pools" within the bulk of liquid metals, as well as deviation from classical metallurgy on the surfaces of liquid metals, provides opportunities for gaining new capabilities in nanotechnology. For example, the bulk and surfaces of liquid metals can be used as reaction media for creating and manipulating nanomaterials, promoting reactions, or controlling crystallization of dissolved species. Interestingly, liquid metals have enormous surface tensions, yet the tension can be tuned electrically over a wide range or modified via surface species, such as the native oxides. The ability to control the interfacial tension allows these liquids to be readily reduced in size to the nanoscale. The liquid nature of such nanoparticles enables shape-reconfigurable structures, the creation of soft metallic nanocomposites, and the dissolution or dispersion of other materials within (or on) the metal to produce multiphasic or heterostructure particles. This Perspective highlights the salient features of these materials and seeks to raise awareness of future opportunities to understand and to utilize liquid metals for nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Kensington , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Kensington , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Carmel Majidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soft Machines Lab , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Department of Chemistry and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Graeme J. Millar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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42
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Oloye O, Tang C, Du A, Will G, O'Mullane AP. Galvanic replacement of liquid metal galinstan with Pt for the synthesis of electrocatalytically active nanomaterials. Nanoscale 2019; 11:9705-9715. [PMID: 31066435 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The galvanic replacement reaction is a verstile method for the fabrication of bimetallic nanomaterials which is usually limited to solid precursors. Here we report on the galvanic replacement of liquid metal galinstan with Pt which predominantly results in the formation of a Pt5Ga1 material. During the galvanic replacement process an interesting phenomenon was observed whereby a plume of nanomaterial is ejected upwards from the centre of the liquid metal droplet into solution which is due to surface tension gradients on the liquid metal surface that induces surface convection. It was also found that hydrogen gas was liberated during the process facilitated by the formation of the Pt rich nanomaterial which is a highly effective catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The material was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering measurements. It was found that Pt5Ga1 was highly effective for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol and ethanol and outperformed a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the increased activity is due to the anti poisoning properties of the surface towards CO upon the incorporation of Ga atoms into a Pt catalyst. The use of liquid metals and galvanic replacement offers a simple approach to fabricating Ga based alloy nanomaterials that may have use in many other types of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale Oloye
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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43
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Sultana UK, O'Mullane AP. Front Cover: Electrochemically Fabricated Ni−P, Ni−S and Ni−Se Materials for Overall Water Splitting: Investigating the Concept of Bifunctional Electrocatalysis (ChemElectroChem 10/2019). ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ummul K. Sultana
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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44
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Sultana UK, O'Mullane AP. Electrochemically Fabricated Ni−P, Ni−S and Ni−Se Materials for Overall Water Splitting: Investigating the Concept of Bifunctional Electrocatalysis. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ummul K. Sultana
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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45
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Sultana UK, O'Mullane AP. Electrochemically Fabricated Ni−P, Ni−S and Ni−Se Materials for Overall Water Splitting: Investigating the Concept of Bifunctional Electrocatalysis. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ummul K. Sultana
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia
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46
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Esrafilzadeh D, Zavabeti A, Jalili R, Atkin P, Choi J, Carey BJ, Brkljača R, O'Mullane AP, Dickey MD, Officer DL, MacFarlane DR, Daeneke T, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Room temperature CO 2 reduction to solid carbon species on liquid metals featuring atomically thin ceria interfaces. Nat Commun 2019; 10:865. [PMID: 30808867 PMCID: PMC6391491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative carbon emission technologies are critical for ensuring a future stable climate. However, the gaseous state of CO2 does render the indefinite storage of this greenhouse gas challenging. Herein, we created a liquid metal electrocatalyst that contains metallic elemental cerium nanoparticles, which facilitates the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to layered solid carbonaceous species, at a low onset potential of −310 mV vs CO2/C. We exploited the formation of a cerium oxide catalyst at the liquid metal/electrolyte interface, which together with cerium nanoparticles, promoted the room temperature reduction of CO2. Due to the inhibition of van der Waals adhesion at the liquid interface, the electrode was remarkably resistant to deactivation via coking caused by solid carbonaceous species. The as-produced solid carbonaceous materials could be utilised for the fabrication of high-performance capacitor electrodes. Overall, this liquid metal enabled electrocatalytic process at room temperature may result in a viable negative emission technology. While CO2 reduction proves an appealing means to convert greenhouse emissions to high-value products, there are few materials capable of such a conversion. Here, the authors demonstrate a liquid-metal electrocatalyst to convert CO2 directly into solid carbon that can be used as capacitor electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.,College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Jiangjun Ave, 211100, Nanjing, China
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Paul Atkin
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Jaecheol Choi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Carey
- Institute of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Brkljača
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27607, USA
| | - David L Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Douglas R MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Torben Daeneke
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. .,School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
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47
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Ponnappa SP, Liu Q, Umer M, MacLeod J, Jickson J, Ayoko G, Shiddiky MJA, O'Mullane AP, Sonar P. Naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole: a new conjugated building block with hexyl or octyl alkyl side chains for electropolymerization studies and its biosensor applications. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene flanked DPP with hexyl and octyl chain based electropolymerized conjugated polymers exhibits bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreetha Paleyanda Ponnappa
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC)
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Australia
| | - Jennifer MacLeod
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Jospeh Jickson
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Godwin Ayoko
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC)
- Griffith University
- Nathan Campus
- Australia
- School of Environment and Science
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Molecular Design and Synthesis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
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48
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Agoston R, Abu Sayeed M, Jones MWM, de Jonge MD, O'Mullane AP. Monitoring compositional changes in Ni(OH)2 electrocatalysts employed in the oxygen evolution reaction. Analyst 2019; 144:7318-7325. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01905g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Relating morphology and compositional changes spatially across a catalyst is important for understanding the active site involved in a reaction which is studied here for the OER at Ni(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Agoston
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Australia
| | - Md Abu Sayeed
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Australia
| | - Michael W. M. Jones
- Central Analytical Research Facility
- Institute for Future Environments
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Australia
| | | | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Australia
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49
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Kasi Matta S, Zhang C, O'Mullane AP, Du A. Density Functional Theory Investigation of Carbon Dots as Hole‐transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3018-3023. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Kasi Matta
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
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50
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Hussain G, O'Mullane AP, Silvester DS. Modification of Microelectrode Arrays with High Surface Area Dendritic Platinum 3D Structures: Enhanced Sensitivity for Oxygen Detection in Ionic Liquids. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:E735. [PMID: 30227681 PMCID: PMC6163947 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical gas sensors are often used for identifying and quantifying redox-active analyte gases in the atmosphere. However, for amperometric sensors, the current signal is usually dependent on the electroactive surface area, which can become small when using microelectrodes and miniaturized devices. Microarray thin-film electrodes (MATFEs) are commercially available, low-cost devices that give enhanced current densities compared to mm-sized electrodes, but still give low current responses (e.g., less than one nanoamp), when detecting low concentrations of gases. To overcome this, we have modified the surface of the MATFEs by depositing platinum into the recessed holes to create arrays of 3D structures with high surface areas. Dendritic structures have been formed using an additive, lead acetate (Pb(OAc)₂) into the plating solution. One-step and two-step depositions were explored, with a total deposition time of 300 s or 420 s. The modified MATFEs were then studied for their behavior towards oxygen reduction in the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) [N8,2,2,2][NTf₂]. Significantly enhanced currents for oxygen were observed, ranging from 9 to 16 times the current of the unmodified MATFE. The highest sensitivity was obtained using a two-step deposition with a total time of 420 s, and both steps containing Pb(OAc)₂. This work shows that commercially-available microelectrodes can be favorably modified to give significantly enhanced analytical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Debbie S Silvester
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia.
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