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Babikir AH, Mao X, Du A, Riches JD, Ostrikov KK, O'Mullane AP. Electrochemical Nitrate-to-Ammonia Conversion Enabled by Carbon-Decoration of Ni─GaOOH Synthesized via Plasma-Assisted CO 2 Reduction. Small 2024:e2311302. [PMID: 38429242 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The release of nitrates into the environment leads to contaminated soil and water that poses a health risk to humans and animals. Due to the transition to renewable energy-based technologies, an electrochemical approach is an emerging option that can selectively produce valuable ammonia from nitrate sources. However, traditional metal-based electrocatalysts often suffer from low nitrate adsorption that reduces NH3 production rates. Here, a Ni-GaOOH-C/Ga electrocatalyst for electrochemical nitrate conversion into NH3 is synthesized via a low energy atmospheric-pressure plasma process that reduces CO2 into highly dispersed activated carbon on dispersed Ni─GaOOH particles produced from a liquid metal Ga─Ni alloy precursor. Nitrate conversion rates of up to 26.3 µg h-1 mg-1 cat are achieved with good stability of up to 20 h. Critically, the presence of carbon centers is central to improved performance where both Ni─C and NiO─C interfaces act as NO3- adsorption and reduction centers during the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the NiO─C and Ni─C reaction sites reduce the Gibbs free energy required for NO3- reduction to NH3 compared to NiO and Ni. Importantly, catalysts without carbon centers do not produce NH3 , emphasizing the unique effects of incorporating carbon nanoparticles into the electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd H Babikir
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Xin Mao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - James D Riches
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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Zabihzadeh Khajavi M, Nikiforov A, Nilkar M, Devlieghere F, Ragaert P, De Geyter N. Degradable Plasma-Polymerized Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Like Coating as a Matrix for Food-Packaging Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2774. [PMID: 37887925 PMCID: PMC10609115 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is considerable interest in seeking an environmentally friendly technique that is neither thermally nor organic solvent-dependent for producing advanced polymer films for food-packaging applications. Among different approaches, plasma polymerization is a promising method that can deposit biodegradable coatings on top of polymer films. In this study, an atmospheric-pressure aerosol-assisted plasma deposition method was employed to develop a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-like coating, which can act as a potential matrix for antimicrobial agents, by envisioning controlled-release food-packaging applications. Different plasma operating parameters, including the input power, monomer flow rate, and gap between the edge of the plasma head and substrate, were optimized to produce a PEG-like coating with a desirable water stability level and that can be biodegradable. The findings revealed that increased distance between the plasma head and substrate intensified gas-phase nucleation and diluted the active plasma species, which in turn led to the formation of a non-conformal rough coating. Conversely, at short plasma-substrate distances, smooth conformal coatings were obtained. Furthermore, at low input powers (<250 W), the chemical structure of the precursor was mostly preserved with a high retention of C-O functional groups due to limited monomer fragmentation. At the same time, these coatings exhibit low stability in water, which could be attributed to their low cross-linking degree. Increasing the power to 350 W resulted in the loss of the PEG-like chemical structure, which is due to the enhanced monomer fragmentation at high power. Nevertheless, owing to the enhanced cross-linking degree, these coatings were more stable in water. Finally, it could be concluded that a moderate input power (250-300 W) should be applied to obtain an acceptable tradeoff between the coating stability and PEG resemblance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zabihzadeh Khajavi
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.D.); (P.R.)
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Maryam Nilkar
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Ragaert
- Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (F.D.); (P.R.)
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.N.); (M.N.); (N.D.G.)
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Bîrleanu E, Mihăilă I, Topală I, Borcia C, Borcia G. Adhesion Properties and Stability of Non-Polar Polymers Treated by Air Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112443. [PMID: 37299241 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) has advantages for enhancing the adhesion of polymers and has to provide uniform, efficient treatment, which also limits the recovery effect of treated surfaces. This study investigates the effects of APP treatment on polymers that have no oxygen bonded in their structure and varying crystallinity, aiming to assess the maximum level of modification and the post-treatment stability of non-polar polymers based on their initial structure parameters, including the crystalline-amorphous structure. An APP reactor simulating continuous processing operating in air is employed, and the polymers are analyzed using contact angle measurement, XPS, AFM, and XRD. APP treatment significantly enhances the hydrophilic character of the polymers, with semicrystalline polymers exhibiting adhesion work values of approximately 105 mJ/m2 and 110 mJ/m2 for 0.5 s and 1.0 s exposure, respectively, while amorphous polymers reach approximately 128 mJ/m2. The maximum average oxygen uptake is around 30%. Short treatment times induce the roughening of the semicrystalline polymer surfaces, while the amorphous polymer surfaces become smoother. The polymers exhibit a limit to their modification level, with 0.5 s exposure being optimal for significant surface property changes. The treated surfaces remain remarkably stable, with the contact angle only reverting by a few degrees toward that of the untreated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bîrleanu
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ilarion Mihăilă
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionuț Topală
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cătălin Borcia
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Borcia
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Burducea I, Burducea C, Mereuta PE, Sirbu SR, Iancu DA, Istrati MB, Straticiuc M, Lungoci C, Stoleru V, Teliban GC, Robu T, Burducea M, Nastuta AV. Helium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Effects on Two Cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36613422 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cold plasma in the treatment of seeds before sowing presents a promising technique for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cold plasma treatment on the morphology of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L. 'Dacic' and 'Otilia'), their germination, biochemical composition, and the nutritional quality of wheat grass. Wheat seeds were morphologically and elementally characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray computer tomography (CT), and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Helium was used as a working gas for plasma generation and the analysis of the species produced showed the presence of NOγ, OH, N2 and N2+ and O. Evaluation of germination and plant growth for 10 days (wheat grass stage) highlighted a specific trend for each cultivar. The biochemical analysis of wheat grass highlighted an increase in the chlorophyll content in the plasma-treated variants, an increase in the flavonoid and polyphenol content in 'Dacic'-treated variant, while the soluble protein content, antioxidant activity, and color were not affected. The analysis of the nutritional quality of wheat grass by the FT-NIR analytical technique highlighted an increase in the ash content in the plasma-treated wheat cultivars, while the humidity, proteins, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and energy values were not affected.
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Aoyama S, Nagasawa H, Kanezashi M, Tsuru T. Nanogradient Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Organosilica Membranes Developed by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma to Enhance Pervaporation Performance. ACS Nano 2022; 16:10302-10313. [PMID: 35728269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organosilica membranes are a promising candidate for pervaporation dehydration owing to their tunable molecular sieving characteristics and excellent hydrothermal stability. Herein, we report a facile modification using an atmospheric-pressure water vapor plasma to enhance the pervaporation performance of organosilica membranes. The surface of methyl-terminated organosilica membranes was treated by water vapor plasma to develop an ultrathin separation active layer suitable for pervaporation dehydration. The surface hydrophilicity was increased by water vapor plasma due to oxidative decomposition of methyl groups to form silanol groups. The plasma-modified layer had a thickness of several nanometers and had a silica-like structure due to the condensation of silanol groups. The plasma-modified organosilica membranes exhibited an improved molecular sieving property owing to the formation of highly cross-linked siloxane networks with a pore size of approximately 0.4 nm. The membranes also exhibited an excellent permselectivity in the dehydration of alcohols due to the nanometer-thick separation active layer with controlled pore size and increased hydrophilicity. The plasma-modified membranes showed high H2O permeance exceeding 10-6 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 with permeance ratios for H2O/EtOH and H2O/IPA of 517-3050 and >10 000, respectively, in the dehydration of 90 wt % aqueous solutions at 50 °C, which is among the highest permselectivities for silica-based membranes. Furthermore, the plasma-modified membranes displayed highly efficient dehydration performance for a H2O/MeOH mixture. The H2O permeance and H2O/MeOH permeance ratio in the dehydration of a 90 wt % MeOH aqueous solution at 50 °C were (2.3-3.0) × 10-6 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 and 31-143, respectively, which exceeded the permeance-selectivity trade-off of conventional membranes including polymeric, silica-based, and zeolite membranes. The results indicate that the proposed plasma-assisted approach can enhance the pervaporation performance of organosilica membranes via the modification under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Aoyama
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masakoto Kanezashi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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Baek KH, Kim SJ, Kim T, Hwang Y, Park JY, Yang JY, Ryoo S, Lee S. Evaluation of zone-disinfection effect of air-passable plasma filter in a novel chamber model. J Hosp Infect 2022; 128:1-7. [PMID: 35788014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disinfection of shared spaces has become essential to minimize the spread of various diseases. An efficient disinfection device that can simultaneously inactivate airborne bacteria and surface adhered bacteria in an enclosed space is required. AIM An air-passable plasma filter (APF) was developed and applied to a chamber model to evaluate the zone-disinfection effect. METHODS The 60 litre chamber consisted of a nebulizer, circulation fans, temperature and humidity monitors, an air sampling port with a sealed gate, airborne bacteria trapping media, and a built-in fan for evaluation. After spraying each bacterial strain (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis) as a bioaerosol, airborne and surface-attached bacteria were quantified simultaneously to evaluate the zone-disinfection effect of APF. FINDINGS The operation of APF in the 60 litre chamber showed a complete zone-disinfection effect for E. coli (10 min), S. epidermidis (10 min), and M. smegmatis (60 min) present in the air and on the walls at various locations. The time required to completely disinfect each of the airborne bacteria and surface-attached bacteria within the same space was different. CONCLUSION APF has the potential to exhibit significant germicidal effects on various microorganisms and can be an effective alternative for disinfection of enclosed spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ho Baek
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Kim
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Clinical Research Centre, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon 51755, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohyun Hwang
- Clinical Research Centre, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon 51755, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Park
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Yang
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungweon Ryoo
- Clinical Research Centre, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon 51755, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Nano-Bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea.
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Yanagawa Y, Suenaga Y, Iijima Y, Okino A, Mitsuhara I. Temperature-controlled atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment induces protein uptake via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in tobacco cells. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2022; 39:179-183. [PMID: 35937533 PMCID: PMC9300422 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we developed a method that uses temperature-controlled atmospheric-pressure plasma to induce protein uptake in plant cells. In the present work, we examined the mechanism underlying such uptake of a fluorescent-tagged protein in tobacco leaf cells. Intact leaf tissue was irradiated with N2 plasma generated by a multi-gas plasma jet and then exposed to the test protein (histidine-tagged superfolder green fluorescence protein fused to adenylate cyclase); fluorescence intensity was then monitored over time as an index of protein uptake. Confocal microscopy revealed that protein uptake potential was retained in the leaf tissue for at least 3 h after plasma treatment. Further examination indicated that the introduced protein reached a similar amount to that after overnight incubation at approximately 5 h after irradiation. Inhibitor experiments revealed that protein uptake was significantly suppressed compared with negative controls by pretreatment with sodium azide (inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis) or sucrose or brefeldin A (inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis) but not by pretreatment with genistein (inhibitor of caveolae/raft-mediated endocytosis) or cytochalasin D (inhibitor of micropinocytosis/phagocytosis), indicating that the N2 plasma treatment induced protein transportation across the plant plasma membrane via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yanagawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Yuma Suenaga
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-32, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iijima
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-32, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Okino
- Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-32, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mitsuhara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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Kim CK, Kim H, Kim HJ, Cho SB. Antibacterial and anticandidal effects of atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal, nitrogen- and argon-plasma pulses. Dermatol Ther 2021; 35:e15222. [PMID: 34820982 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal plasma destroys microorganisms by directly reacting with hydrocarbon molecules in the cell wall and/or by damaging the cytoplasmic membrane, proteins, and DNA with charged particles and reactive species. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anticandidal effects of atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal, nitrogen- and argon-plasma pulses on various pathogen preparations. The resultant antibacterial and anticandidal effects were assessed by evaluating percent and log reduction values for pathogen colonies. Nitrogen-plasma pulses emitted at an energy of 1.5 J and argon-plasma pulses generated at 0.5 J elicited remarkable antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anticandidal effects on Candida albicans. Nitrogen-plasma pulses at a pulse count of five elicited remarkable antibacterial effects on Cutibacterium acnes at the energy settings of 1.75, 2.5, and 3 J, but not at 1 J. Meanwhile, argon-plasma pulses showed antibacterial effects on C. acnes at an energy of 0.5 and 0.65 J. Nitrogen- or argon-plasma pulses exert antibacterial and anticandidal effects on bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ki Kim
- Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Heesu Kim
- Yonsei New Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | - Sung Bin Cho
- Yonsei Seran Dermatology and Laser Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
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Shih CY, Huang JZ, Chen MH, Hsu CC, Wu CI, Cheng IC, Chen JZ. The Influence of Helium Dielectric Barrier Discharge Jet (DBDjet) Plasma Treatment on Bathocuproine (BCP) in p-i-n-Structure Perovskite Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4020. [PMID: 34833316 PMCID: PMC8622915 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A bathocuproine (BCP) layer is typically used as the hole-blocking layer in p-i-n-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) between PC61BM and Ag electrodes. Before evaporating the Ag, we used a low-temperature (<40 °C) atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge jet (DBDjet) to treat the BCP with different scan rates. The main purpose of this was to change the contact resistance between the BCP layer and the Ag electrodes through surface modification using a DBDjet. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.11% was achieved at a DBDjet scan rate of 2 cm/s. The He DBDjet treatment introduced nitrogen to form C-N bonds and create pits on the BCP layer. This deteriorated the interface between the BCP and the follow-up deposited-Ag top electrode. Compared to the device without the plasma treatment on the BCP layer, the He DBDjet treatment on the BCP layer reduced photocurrent hysteresis but deteriorated the fill factor and the efficiency of the PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yueh Shih
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (J.-Z.H.); (C.-I.W.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Che Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (J.-Z.H.); (C.-I.W.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - I-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (J.-Z.H.); (C.-I.W.); (I.-C.C.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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Liu C, Hung CW, Cheng IC, Hsu CC, Cheng IC, Chen JZ. Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Jet (DBDjet) Processed Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole/Chitosan Nanocomposite Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3585. [PMID: 34685344 PMCID: PMC8538378 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and/or polypyrrole (PPy) are mixed with chitosan (CS) binder materials for screen-printing supercapacitors (SCs) on arc atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ)-treated carbon cloth. The performance of gel-electrolyte rGO/CS, PPy/CS, and rGO/PPy/CS SCs processed by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet (DBDjet) was assessed and compared. DBDjet processing improved the hydrophilicity of these three nanocomposite electrode materials. Electrochemical measurements including electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charging-discharging (GCD) were used to evaluate the performance of the three types of SCs. The Trasatti method was used to evaluate the electric-double layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance (PC) of the capacitance. The energy and power density of the three types of SCs were illustrated and compared using Ragone plots. Our experiments verify that, with the same weight of active materials, the combined use of rGO and PPy in SCs can significantly increase the capacitance and improve the operation stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Hung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - I-Chung Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.H.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Cheng-Che Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
| | - I-Chun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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Niemczyk EM, Gomez-Lopez A, Haler JRN, Frache G, Sardon H, Quintana R. Insights on the Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma-Induced Free-Radical Polymerization of Allyl Ether Cyclic Carbonate Liquid Layers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2856. [PMID: 34502896 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-induced free-radical polymerizations rely on the formation of radical species to initiate polymerization, leading to some extent of monomer fragmentation. In this work, the plasma-induced polymerization of an allyl ether-substituted six-membered cyclic carbonate (A6CC) is demonstrated and emphasizes the retention of the cyclic carbonate moieties. Taking advantage of the low polymerization tendency of allyl monomers, the characterization of the oligomeric species is studied to obtain insights into the effect of plasma exposure on inducing free-radical polymerization. In less than 5 min of plasma exposure, a monomer conversion close to 90% is obtained. The molecular analysis of the oligomers by gel permeation chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GPC-HRMS) further confirms the high preservation of the cyclic structure and, based on the detected end groups, points to hydrogen abstraction as the main contributor to the initiation and termination of polymer chain growth. These results demonstrate that the elaboration of surfaces functionalized with cyclic carbonates could be readily elaborated by atmospheric-pressure plasmas, for instance, by copolymerization.
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12
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Jang HJ, Jung EY, Parsons T, Tae HS, Park CS. A Review of Plasma Synthesis Methods for Polymer Films and Nanoparticles under Atmospheric Pressure Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142267. [PMID: 34301024 PMCID: PMC8309454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present an overview of recent approaches in the gas/aerosol-through-plasma (GATP) and liquid plasma methods for synthesizing polymer films and nanoparticles (NPs) using an atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) technique. We hope to aid students and researchers starting out in the polymerization field by compiling the most commonly utilized simple plasma synthesis methods, so that they can readily select a method that best suits their needs. Although APP methods are widely employed for polymer synthesis, and there are many related papers for specific applications, reviews that provide comprehensive coverage of the variations of APP methods for polymer synthesis are rarely reported. We introduce and compile over 50 recent papers on various APP polymerization methods that allow us to discuss the existing challenges and future direction of GATP and solution plasma methods under ambient air conditions for large-area and mass nanoparticle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jun Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Eun Young Jung
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.)
| | - Travis Parsons
- GBS (Global Business Services) IT, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA;
| | - Heung-Sik Tae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.J.J.); (E.Y.J.)
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.T.); (C.-S.P.)
| | - Choon-Sang Park
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence: (H.-S.T.); (C.-S.P.)
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13
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Chang JH, Chen SY, Kuo YL, Yang CR, Chen JZ. Carbon Dioxide Tornado-Type Atmospheric-Pressure-Plasma-Jet-Processed rGO-SnO 2 Nanocomposites for Symmetric Supercapacitors. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2777. [PMID: 34073783 PMCID: PMC8197281 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pastes containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and SnCl2 solution were screen printed on carbon cloth and then calcined using a CO2 tornado-type atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The tornado circulation of the plasma gas enhances the mixing of the reactive plasma species and thus ensures better reaction uniformity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to characterize the synthesized rGO-SnO2 nanocomposites on carbon cloth. After CO2 tornado-type APPJ treatment, the pastes were converted into rGO-SnO2 nanocomposites for use as the active electrode materials of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-H2SO4 gel-electrolyte flexible supercapacitors (SCs). Various APPJ scanning times were tested to obtain SCs with optimized performance. With seven APPJ scans, the SC achieved the best areal capacitance of 37.17 mF/cm2 in Galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) and a capacitance retention rate of 84.2% after 10,000-cycle cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. The capacitance contribution ratio, calculated as pseudocapacitance/electrical double layer capacitance (PC/EDLC), is ~50/50 as analyzed by the Trasatti method. GCD data were also analyzed to obtain Ragone plots; these indicated an energy density comparable to those of SCs processed using a fixed-point nitrogen APPJ in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hsien Chang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Song-Yu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Lin Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Chii-Rong Yang
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 10610, Taiwan;
| | - Jian-Zhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Innovative Photonics Advanced Research Center (i-PARC), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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14
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Kwon JS, Choi SH, Choi EH, Kim KM, Chu PK. Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Amine-Functionalized Titanium Using Humidified Ammonia Supplied Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6085. [PMID: 32846976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface molecular chemistry, such as amine functionality, of biomaterials plays a crucial role in the osteogenic activity of relevant cells and tissues during hard tissue regeneration. Here, we examined the possibilities of creating amine functionalities on the surface of titanium by using the nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) method with humidified ammonia, and the effects on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) were investigated. Titanium samples were subjected to NTAPPJ treatments using nitrogen (N-P), air (A-P), or humidified ammonia (NA-P) as the plasma gas, while control (C-P) samples were not subjected to plasma treatment. After plasma exposure, all treatment groups showed increased hydrophilicity and had more attached cells than the C-P. Among the plasma-treated samples, the A-P and NA-P showed surface oxygen functionalities and exhibited greater cell proliferation than the C-P and N-P. The NA-P additionally showed surface amine-related functionalities and exhibited a higher level of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression than the other samples. The results can be explained by increases in fibronectin absorption and focal adhesion kinase gene expression on the NA-P samples. These findings suggest that NTAPPJ technology with humidified ammonia as a gas source has clinical potential for hard tissue generation.
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15
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Adhikari B, Pangomm K, Veerana M, Mitra S, Park G. Plant Disease Control by Non-Thermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 32117403 PMCID: PMC7034391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Disease stresses caused by pathogenic microorganisms are increasing, probably because of global warming. Conventional technologies for plant disease control have often revealed their limitations in efficiency, environmental safety, and economic costs. There is high demand for improvements in efficiency and safety. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma has demonstrated its potential as an alternative tool for efficient and environmentally safe control of plant pathogenic microorganisms in many studies, which are overviewed in this review. Efficient inactivation of phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal cells by various plasma sources under laboratory conditions has been frequently reported. In addition, plasma-treated water shows antimicrobial activity. Plasma and plasma-treated water exhibit a broad spectrum of efficiency in the decontamination and disinfection of plants, fruits, and seeds, indicating that the outcomes of plasma treatment can be significantly influenced by the microenvironments between plasma and plant tissues, such as the surface structures and properties, antioxidant systems, and surface chemistry of plants. More intense studies are required on the efficiency of decontamination and disinfection and underlying mechanisms. Recently, the induction of plant tolerance or resistance to pathogens by plasma (so-called "plasma vaccination") is emerging as a new area of study, with active research ongoing in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kamonporn Pangomm
- Department of Basic Science, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae, Thailand
| | - Mayura Veerana
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Krewing M, Stepanek JJ, Cremers C, Lackmann JW, Schubert B, Müller A, Awakowicz P, Leichert LIO, Jakob U, Bandow JE. The molecular chaperone Hsp33 is activated by atmospheric-pressure plasma protecting proteins from aggregation. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180966. [PMID: 31213177 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas are an alternative means to sterilize and disinfect. Plasma-mediated protein aggregation has been identified as one of the mechanisms responsible for the antibacterial features of plasma. Heat shock protein 33 (Hsp33) is a chaperone with holdase function that is activated when oxidative stress and unfolding conditions coincide. In its active form, it binds unfolded proteins and prevents their aggregation. Here we analyse the influence of plasma on the structure and function of Hsp33 of Escherichia coli using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma. While most other proteins studied so far were rapidly inactivated by atmospheric-pressure plasma, exposure to plasma activated Hsp33. Both, oxidation of cysteine residues and partial unfolding of Hsp33 were observed after plasma treatment. Plasma-mediated activation of Hsp33 was reversible by reducing agents, indicating that cysteine residues critical for regulation of Hsp33 activity were not irreversibly oxidized. However, the reduction yielded a protein that did not regain its original fold. Nevertheless, a second round of plasma treatment resulted again in a fully active protein that was unfolded to an even higher degree. These conformational states were not previously observed after chemical activation with HOCl. Thus, although we could detect the formation of HOCl in the liquid phase during plasma treatment, we conclude that other species must be involved in plasma activation of Hsp33. E. coli cells over-expressing the Hsp33-encoding gene hslO from a plasmid showed increased survival rates when treated with plasma while an hslO deletion mutant was hypersensitive emphasizing the importance of protein aggregation as an inactivation mechanism of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Krewing
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Jennifer Janina Stepanek
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Claudia Cremers
- 4 Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Britta Schubert
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- 2 Microbial Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- 3 Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Sciences, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Lars I O Leichert
- 2 Microbial Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- 4 Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Julia E Bandow
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
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17
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Xu J, Nagasawa H, Kanezashi M, Tsuru T. UV-Protective TiO 2 Thin Films with High Transparency in Visible Light Region Fabricated via Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:42657-42665. [PMID: 30418737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on control of film thickness and roughness to improve the ultraviolet (UV)-protective performance of TiO2 films prepared by atmospheric-pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as the precursor and argon as the plasma working gas. The relationship between the film morphology and UV-protective performance suggested that a decrease in roughness is the key factor to achieve performance improvement. The effects of substrate temperature and precursor concentration were investigated, and the results showed that an increase in both substrate temperature and precursor concentration reduced the roughness and improved the transparency to visible light without reducing the ability to block UV light. Finally, a TiO2 film with greater than 99% UV light blockage and greater than 95% transmittance of visible light was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Masakoto Kanezashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
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18
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Park J, Huh JE, Lee SE, Lee J, Lee WH, Lim KH, Kim YS. Effective Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Treatment toward High-Performance Solution-Processed Oxide Thin-Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:30581-30586. [PMID: 30118199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed oxide semiconductors (OSs) have attracted much attention because they can simply, quickly, and cheaply produce transparent channels on flexible substrates. However, despite such advantages, in the fabrication process of OS thin-film transistors (TFTs) using the solution process, it is a fatal problem that there are hardly any ways to simply and effectively control important TFT parameters, including the turn-on voltage ( Von) and on/off current ratio. For the practical application of solution-processed OS TFT, approaches to simply and effectively control the parameters are urgently required. Here, we newly propose an atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) treatment that can simply and effectively control the electrical properties in solution-processed InO x TFTs. Through exposure of APP, we successfully realized the changes in important TFT parameters of solution-processed InO x TFT, Von from -11.4 to -1.9 V and the on/off current ratio from ∼103 to ∼106, which still keep up the high field-effect mobility (>20 cm2 V-1 s-1). On the basis of various analyses such as X-ray-based analysis and UV-visible spectroscopy, we identified that the APP treatment can effectively control oxygen vacancy and carrier concentration in solution-processed OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Park
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Samsung Display Company, Ltd , 181 Samsung-ro , Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si , Chungcheongnam-Do 31454 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Huh
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Samsung Display Company, Ltd , 181 Samsung-ro , Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si , Chungcheongnam-Do 31454 , Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyung Lee
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Hee Lim
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Youn Sang Kim
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro , Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology , 145 Gwanggyo-ro , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
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19
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Edengeiser E, Lackmann JW, Bründermann E, Schneider S, Benedikt J, Bandow JE, Havenith M. Synergistic effects of atmospheric pressure plasma-emitted components on DNA oligomers: a Raman spectroscopic study. J Biophotonics 2015; 8:918-924. [PMID: 25656637 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas have become of increasing importance in sterilization processes especially with the growing prevalence of multi-resistant bacteria. Albeit the potential for technological application is obvious, much less is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial inactivation. X-jet technology separates plasma-generated reactive particles and photons, thus allowing the investigation of their individual and joint effects on DNA. Raman spectroscopy shows that particles and photons cause different modifications in DNA single and double strands. The treatment with the combination of particles and photons does not only result in cumulative, but in synergistic effects. Profilometry confirms that etching is a minor contributor to the observed DNA damage in vitro. Schematics of DNA oligomer treatment with cold atmospheric-pressure plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Edengeiser
- Physical Chemistry II, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- Biology of Microorganisms, Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Erik Bründermann
- Physical Chemistry II, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Schneider
- Coupled Plasma-Solid State Systems, Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Benedikt
- Coupled Plasma-Solid State Systems, Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E Bandow
- Biology of Microorganisms, Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Martina Havenith
- Physical Chemistry II, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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20
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Jung S, Kim HJ, Park S, Yong HI, Choe JH, Jeon HJ, Choe W, Jo C. Color Developing Capacity of Plasma-treated Water as a Source of Nitrite for Meat Curing. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:703-6. [PMID: 26761900 PMCID: PMC4670901 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.5.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of plasma with liquid generates nitrogen species including nitrite (NO−2). Therefore, the color developing capacity of plasma-treated water (PTW) as a nitrite source for meat curing was investigated in this study. PTW, which is generated by surface dielectric barrier discharge in air, and the increase of plasma treatment time resulted in increase of nitrite concentration in PTW. The PTW used in this study contains 46 ppm nitrite after plasma treatment for 30 min. To evaluate the effect of PTW on the cured meat color, meat batters were prepared under three different conditions (control, non-cured meat batter; PTW, meat batter cured with PTW; Sodium nitrite, meat batter cured with sodium nitrite). The meat batters were vacuum-packaged and cooked in a water-bath at 80℃ for 30 min. The typical color of cured meat developed in cooked meat batter treated with sodium nitrite or PTW. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values were similar in all conditions, whereas, the redness (a*) values of cooked meat batter with PTW and sodium nitrite (p<0.05) were significantly higher than the control. These data indicate that PTW can be used as a nitrite source in the curing process of meat without addition of other nitrite sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samooel Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon 16616, Korea
| | - Sanghoo Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Choe
- Meat Processing Division, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07209, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Jeon
- Meat Processing Division, Lotte R&D Center, Seoul 07209, Korea
| | - Wonho Choe
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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21
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Imbrogno J, Williams MD, Belfort G. A new combinatorial method for synthesizing, screening, and discovering antifouling surface chemistries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:2385-2392. [PMID: 25569191 DOI: 10.1021/am508943u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A set of diverse monomers were synthesized using combinatorial chemistry and tested using our unique high-throughput screening platform. The versatility of our platform is exemplified by possible applications in reducing biological fouling on ship hulls, filtration membranes, and surgical instruments, to name a few. To demonstrate its efficacy, the novel monomers were graft-polymerized onto light sensitive poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes via atmospheric-pressure plasma polymerization. A diverse library was synthesized by reacting a common vinyl ester linker with a library of maleimides containing various different functional groups. This allowed us to produce a library of many different surfaces and graft them all using the same linker chemistry. The modified surfaces were then tested and screened for the best antiprotein adsorption (nonfouling) properties. Membranes, functionalized with carboxylic acid, zwitterionic, and ester groups, had the lowest protein adhesion compared with that of an unmodified control PES membrane after a static fouling test. After dynamic fouling, these same functionalities as well as a hydroxyl group exhibited the highest permeability. These monomers performed better than our best previously synthesized amide monomers as well as our best poly(ethylene glycol) monomers, which are known to have very high protein resistance. Hansen solubility parameters qualitatively predicted which monomers performed best, indicating favorable interactions with water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Imbrogno
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and The Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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22
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Lackmann JW, Schneider S, Edengeiser E, Jarzina F, Brinckmann S, Steinborn E, Havenith M, Benedikt J, Bandow JE. Photons and particles emitted from cold atmospheric-pressure plasma inactivate bacteria and biomolecules independently and synergistically. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130591. [PMID: 24068175 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas are currently in use in medicine as surgical tools and are being evaluated for new applications, including wound treatment and cosmetic care. The disinfecting properties of plasmas are of particular interest, given the threat of antibiotic resistance to modern medicine. Plasma effluents comprise (V)UV photons and various reactive particles, such as accelerated ions and radicals, that modify biomolecules; however, a full understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie plasma-based disinfection has been lacking. Here, we investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of plasma, including the separate, additive and synergistic effects of plasma-generated (V)UV photons and particles at the cellular and molecular levels. Using scanning electron microscopy, we show that plasma-emitted particles cause physical damage to the cell envelope, whereas UV radiation does not. The lethal effects of the plasma effluent exceed the zone of physical damage. We demonstrate that both plasma-generated particles and (V)UV photons modify DNA nucleobases. The particles also induce breaks in the DNA backbone. The plasma effluent, and particularly the plasma-generated particles, also rapidly inactivate proteins in the cellular milieu. Thus, in addition to physical damage to the cellular envelope, modifications to DNA and proteins contribute to the bactericidal properties of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- Biology of Microorganisms, Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, , Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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23
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Zhuo Z, Sannomiya Y, Kanetani Y, Yamada T, Ohmi H, Kakiuchi H, Yasutake K. Interface properties of SiOxNy layer on Si prepared by atmospheric-pressure plasma oxidation-nitridation. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:201. [PMID: 23634872 PMCID: PMC3847991 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SiOxNy films with a low nitrogen concentration (< 4%) have been prepared on Si substrates at 400°C by atmospheric-pressure plasma oxidation-nitridation process using O2 and N2 as gaseous precursors diluted in He. Interface properties of SiOxNy films have been investigated by analyzing high-frequency and quasistatic capacitance-voltage characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors. It is found that addition of N into the oxide increases both interface state density (Dit) and positive fixed charge density (Qf). After forming gas anneal, Dit decreases largely with decreasing N2/O2 flow ratio from 1 to 0.01 while the change of Qf is insignificant. These results suggest that low N2/O2 flow ratio is a key parameter to achieve a low Dit and relatively high Qf, which is effective for field effect passivation of n-type Si surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeteng Zhuo
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Sannomiya
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanetani
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohmi
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kakiuchi
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yasutake
- Department of Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Research Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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