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Bhatta BR, Kc SP, Regmi S, Pandey AR, Adhikari B, Gautam G, Baral SC. Climate change and health in Nepal: an urgent need for action. Perspect Public Health 2024; 144:75-77. [PMID: 38497920 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231215022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S P Kc
- HERD International, Nepal
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Raturi M, Dhiman Y, Khatiwada B, Singh Gaur D, Adhikari B, Rawat P. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Optimizing the Donation Process and Predicting Blood Thresholds. Transfus Clin Biol 2023; 30:458-459. [PMID: 37597607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Raturi
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Yashaswi Dhiman
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Basanta Khatiwada
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dushyant Singh Gaur
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poonam Rawat
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
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Dhiman Y, Pandey HC, Patidar G, Raturi M, Adhikari B, Bhat A, Gaur DS. A rare report of H-partially deficient, non-secretor phenotype from India. An A h like the rèunion and unlike a Para Bombay-Clarifying misinterpretations. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103757. [PMID: 37442661 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H-deficient phenotypes are classified as H-deficient non- secretors (Bombay Oh), H-deficient secretors (Para Bombay), and H-partially deficient non-secretors (O h reunion, Ah and Bh, ABh). REPORT We report the first case of H-partially deficient non-secretor- the Ah phenotype from India. What makes this report interesting is that they do not fit into the Bombay, or the Para Bombay series of H-deficient phenotypes and these partially deficient non-secretors were exclusively found on Réunion Island, off the East Coast of Africa in 1982. These reunion type phenotypes have not been reported since then and may lead to misinterpretations and confusions when encountered in the current existing laboratory settings especially in the low income (LIC's) and low middle income (LMIC's) countries like our own. Moreover, literature from LMIC and LIC incorrectly uses Ah/Bh for parabombay phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS H-deficient phenotypes are rare, challenging to identify and assign correct notations. Hence, we have highlighted characteristic differences between H-deficient phenotypes and illustrated a diagnostic laboratory approach to correctly identify and assign notations to them especially in the resource constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswi Dhiman
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248140 Uttarakhand, India.
| | | | - Gopal Patidar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Raturi
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248140 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248140 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashwani Bhat
- Department of Neurology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248140 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dushyant Singh Gaur
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248140 Uttarakhand, India
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Dhiman Y, Raturi M, Adhikari B, Rawat H, Gaur DS. Conventional Gold Standard Techniques: Indeed a Saviour in the Era of Automation!! Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:717-720. [PMID: 37786833 PMCID: PMC10542051 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswi Dhiman
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Manish Raturi
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Himanshu Rawat
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
| | - Dushyant Singh Gaur
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140 India
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Raturi M, Adhikari B, Kalra A, Kala M, Kusum A. Reporting an immune-mediated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia following Rh (D) isoimmunization in an Indian term newborn bearing A MFA B Rh (D) positive phenotype. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:669-671. [PMID: 37530369 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_136_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Raturi
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aastha Kalra
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mansi Kala
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anuradha Kusum
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Bansal N, Raturi M, Dhiman Y, Adhikari B, Thakur K. The Indian “blood storage centre” model for the provision of safe blood towards obstetric care in the remote regions of Uttarakhand. Transfus Clin Biol 2022; 30:183-184. [PMID: 36273774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kang I, Lee HC, Adhikari B, Ha SD, Kwon YM. Effects of hot water spray and sub-zero saline chilling on bacterial decontamination of broiler carcasses. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101688. [PMID: 35104730 PMCID: PMC8804181 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction of Salmonella on poultry carcasses is one way to prevent salmonellosis. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of subzero saline chilling (SSC) with/without hot water spray (HWS) on broiler carcasses prior to chilling for bacterial reduction. Eviscerated broiler carcasses were subjected to water immersion chilling (WIC, 0% NaCl/0.5°C) or SSC (4% NaCl/-2.41°C) with/without prior HWS at 71°C for 1 min. Broiler carcasses in SSC were chilled faster than those in WIC, regardless of HWS. The combination of HWS and SSC resulted in the best reduction of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms on the carcasses over the WIC, SSC, and HWS/WIC. No Salmonella was detected on the carcasses in SSC and HWS/SSC while Salmonella positive was observed on the carcasses chilled in WIC and HWS/WIC. A trace of Gram-negative genus was detected on carcasses in HWS/SSC while many other microbiomes were observed on those in WIC, SSC, and HWS/WIC when quantitative microbiota profiles of 16S rRNA gene sequences were evaluated. Based on these results, chilling of broiler carcasses in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C after HWS at 71°C for 1 min significantly reduced carcass chilling time and bacterial contamination over the control chilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kang
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - H C Lee
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - B Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - S D Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyunggido 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Kwon
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Shrestha A, Shrestha P, Shrestha T, Shrestha RM, Sujakhu D, Dhakal K, Thapa G, Adhikari S, Karki S, Adhikari B. Awareness and Knowledge of Glaucoma and their Associated Factors among People Visiting a Tertiary Level Hospital in Central Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:56-60. [PMID: 36273292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Glaucoma is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness globally. Almost 60 million people globally are affected by glaucoma making it the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Diagnosis of glaucoma early on is vital for timely management and prevention of blindness. However, it is challenging to diagnose it early because it is asymptomatic in the initial stage, and there is also the dearth of appropriate screening tools. Awareness, knowledge, and beliefs are believed to influence the treatment-seeking behavior of people as well as their uptake of services. Objective To assess the awareness and knowledge about glaucoma among general patients and patient attendants visiting Dhulikhel Hospital. Method We conducted a cross sectional quantitative study among general patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital. We collected data using face-to-face interviews with semistructured questionnaires. We analyzed data in R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10). We presented numerical variables as mean and standard deviation whereas categorical variables as frequency and percentage. We determined factors associated with awareness and knowledge of glaucoma using logistic regression analysis and estimated adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval. Result Of 379 participants, a total of 214 (56.5%) participants had heard about glaucoma. Out of the participants who heard about glaucoma, the mean knowledge score was 48.3±21.7 and 53.3% had good knowledge on glaucoma. The odds of having heard about glaucoma were two percent lower (AOR=0.98; 95%CI: 0.97-0.99; p-value 0.036) in the older participants compared to one year younger participant, 1.98 (95%CI:1.01-3.86; p-value 0.046) times higher among literates and 2.79 (95%CI: 1.76- 4.41; p-value < 0.001) times among participants with previous ocular examination. The odds of having good knowledge was 1.94 (95%CI: 1.10-3.42; p value 0.021) times among participants with previous ocular examinations. Conclusion The knowledge and awareness regarding glaucoma in a hospital-visiting population in central Nepal was low. Half of the participants were unaware of the disease glaucoma and half of the participants who heard of the glaucoma had poor knowledge on glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shrestha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - P Shrestha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - T Shrestha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R M Shrestha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - D Sujakhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - K Dhakal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - G Thapa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Adhikari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Karki
- Department of Public Health and Community, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Adhikari
- Department of Public Health and Community, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Gharti BB, Shrestha PM, Shrestha A, Basnet RB, Shah C, Adhikari B. Comparison between Simple and Classical Techniques to Create Closed Pneumoperitoneum. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:309-313. [PMID: 36254415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Closed method of pneumoperitoneum using Veress needle is an established technique. Classical closed technique is popular. Simple technique is a modified closed technique. Objective To compare the classical and simple techniques of closed pneumoperitoneum. Method This study was conducted in the department of urology, Bir hospital from August 1st 2019 to March 30th 2021. Total 114 patients were randomized into simple and classical technique of creating closed pneumoperitoneum. Time taken for creation of pneumoperitoneum, complications and failure of creating pneumoperitoneum in each group noted and analyzed. Chi square test, Fischer exact test and student t test were used and p < 0.05 considered significant. Result Among 114 patients, 61 in simple and 53 in classical technique allocated. In simple technique, mean age was 42.98±18.21 years, BMI was 21.84±2.57 kg/m2 , mean time for pneumoperitoneum creation was 108.07±21.14 seconds. In classical technique, mean age was 40.15±17.58 years, BMI was 21.94±2.54 (kg/m2 ), mean time for pneumoperitoneum creation was 189.70±32.21 seconds. Mean time was less in simple technique than classical technique (p < 0.001). Complication rate observed was 6% in each technique (p=0.797) with cumulative rate of 10%. Omental injury was seen in 3.2% in simple technique and 5.6% in classical technique (p=0.662). Retroperitoneal insufflation was seen in 6.5% in simple technique and 5.6% in classical technique (p=0.842). No failed pneumoperitoneum was observed in both groups. Conclusion Simple technique is as effective, reproducible and safe method as classical technique of creating closed pneumoperitoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Gharti
- Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - P M Shrestha
- Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Shrestha
- Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R B Basnet
- Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - C Shah
- Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Adhikari
- Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Adhikari A, Singh P, Mahar KS, Adhikari M, Adhikari B, Zhang MR, Tiwari AK. Mapping of Translocator Protein (18 kDa) in Peripheral Sterile Inflammatory Disease and Cancer through PET Imaging. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1507-1529. [PMID: 33645995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the translocator 18 kDa protein (TSPO) with radioligands has become an effective means of research in peripheral inflammatory conditions that occur in many diseases and cancers. The peripheral sterile inflammatory diseases (PSIDs) are associated with a diverse group of disorders that comprises numerous enduring insults including the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal system. TSPO has recently been introduced as a potential biomarker for peripheral sterile inflammatory diseases (PSIDs). The major critical issue related to PSIDs is its timely characterization and localization of inflammatory foci for proper therapy of patients. As an alternative to metabolic imaging, protein imaging expressed on immune cells after activation is of great importance. The five transmembrane domain translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) is upregulated on the mitochondrial cell surface of macrophages during inflammation, serving as a potential ligand for PET tracers. Additionally, the overexpressed TSPO protein has been positively correlated with various tumor malignancies. In view of the association of escalated TSPO expression in both disease conditions, it is an immensely important biomarker for PET imaging in oncology and PSIDs. In this review, we summarize the most outstanding advances on TSPO-targeted PSIDs and cancer in the development of TSPO ligands as a potential diagnostic tool, specifically discussing the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, A Central University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Kamalesh S Mahar
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Manish Adhikari
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bio-science Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Anjani Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
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Adhikari M, Adhikari B, Adhikari A, Yan D, Soni V, Sherman J, Keidar M. Cold Atmospheric Plasma as a Novel Therapeutic Tool for the Treatment of Brain Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2195-2206. [PMID: 32116185 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200302105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from the past few years revealed the importance of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) on various kinds of diseases, including brain cancers or glioblastoma (GBM), and hence coined a new term 'Plasma Medicine' in the modern world for promising therapeutic approaches. Here, we focus on the efficacy of CAP and its liquid derivatives on direct interactions or with specific nanoparticles to show pivotal roles in brain cancer treatment. METHOD In the present review study, the authors studied several articles over the past decades published on the types of CAP and its effects on different brain cancers and therapy. RESULTS A growing body of evidence indicates that CAP and its derivatives like Plasma Activated Media/ Water (PAM/PAW) are introduced in different kinds of GBM. Recent studies proposed that CAP plays a remarkable role in GBM treatment. To increase the efficacy of CAP, various nanoparticles of different origins got specific attention in recent times. In this review, different strategies to treat brain cancers, including nanoparticles, are discussed as enhancers of CAP induced targeted nanotherapeutic approach. CONCLUSION CAP treatment and its synergistic effects with different nanoparticles hold great promise for clinical applications in early diagnosis and treatment of GBM treatment. However, results obtained from previous studies were still in the preliminary phase, and there must be a concern over the use of optimal methods for a dosage of CAP and nanoparticles for complete cure of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Adhikari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science & Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Anupriya Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Dayun Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science & Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
| | - Vikas Soni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science & Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
| | - Jonathan Sherman
- Neurological Surgery, The George Washington University, Foggy Bottom South Pavilion, 22nd Street, NW, 7th Floor, Washington, DC, 20037, United States
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science & Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
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Adhikari B, Adhikari M, Ghimire B, Adhikari BC, Park G, Choi EH. Cold plasma seed priming modulates growth, redox homeostasis and stress response by inducing reactive species in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:57-69. [PMID: 32561321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination and vegetative growth are two important plant growing stages that are vulnerable to physical and biological stress. Improvement in crop germination potential and seedling growth rate generally leads to high crop productivity. Cold plasma is a promising technology used to improve seed germination and growth. Structural changes on tomato seed surface exposed with cold air plasma jet for a different time period (1 min, 5 min, 10 min) was examined by SEM. For in-depth study, different physiological parameter such as seed germination and seedling growth, biochemical parameter such as reactive species status, antioxidants and phytohormone, and molecular analysis of various gene expression was also evaluated. Drought stress tolerance potential of cold plasma primed tomato seedling was also examined under 30% PEG stress. Cold plasma seed priming modulates tomato seed coat and improves the germination efficiency. It also induces growth, antioxidants, phytohormone, defense gene expression, and drought stress tolerance potential of tomato seedling. Cold plasma seeds priming augment the reactive species at a molecular level within seedlings, which changes the biochemistry and physiological parameters of plants by inducing different cellular signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
| | - Bhagirath Ghimire
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Bishwa Chandra Adhikari
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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Arreguin-Nava MA, Graham BD, Adhikari B, Agnello M, Selby CM, Hernandez-Velasco X, Vuong CN, Solis-Cruz B, Hernandez-Patlan D, Latorre JD, Tellez G, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Evaluation of in ovo Bacillus spp. based probiotic administration on horizontal transmission of virulent Escherichia coli in neonatal broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6483-6491. [PMID: 31549175 PMCID: PMC8913981 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of in ovo Bacillus spp. base probiotic (BBP) administration on hatchability, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) recovery, performance, and microbiota composition in 2 independent trials using a virulent E. coli seeder challenge model. In each trial, one hundred and eighty 18-day-old embryos were allocated into 1 of 2 groups: Control and treated group (inoculated with 107 BBP). On day 19 of embryogenesis, seeder embryos (n = 18) were inoculated with 4.5 × 104E. coli/mL+272 μg/mL tetracycline and segregated into mesh hatching bags. Twelve chicks per group were euthanized at hatch and at day 7 to evaluate the gastrointestinal composition of total GNB or total aerobic pasteurized bacteria. Also, in trial 2, ceca content from five chickens at day 7 were collected to evaluate microbiota composition. Embryos inoculated with BBP showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the total number of GNB at day-of-hatch (DOH) and day 7. Probiotic treatment increased BW at DOH and day 7, and BW gain (days 0 to 7) when compared with Control chickens. Proteobacteria phylum was significantly reduced, while the Firmicutes was significantly increased by the BBP as compared to the Control (P < 0.05). At family level, Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased, while the Lachnospiraceae was significantly elevated in the BBP as compared to the Control group (P < 0.05). The genus Oscillospira was significantly enriched in the BBP group, whereas the unidentified genus of family Enterobacteriaceae in the Control group (P < 0.05). The BBP group increased the bacterial species richness, although there was no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). Interestingly, beta diversity showed a significant difference in bacterial community structure between Control and BBP groups (P < 0.05). The results of the present study suggest that in ovo administration of a BBP can reduce the severity of virulent E. coli horizontal transmission and infection of broiler chickens during hatch. The reduction in the severity of the transmission and infection by the BPP might be achieved through alterations of microbiota composition and its community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B D Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - M Agnello
- uBiome, Inc, San Francisco 94103, CA
| | - C M Selby
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - X Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - C N Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - D Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - G Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - B M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - G Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Arreguin-Nava M, Graham B, Adhikari B, Agnello M, Selby C, Hernandez-Velasco X, Vuong C, Solis-Cruz B, Hernandez-Patlan D, Latorre J, Tellez G, Hargis B, Tellez-Isaias G. Evaluation of in ovo Bacillus spp. based probiotic administration on horizontal transmission of virulent Escherichia coli in neonatal broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Adhikari M, Adhikari B, Ghimire B, Baboota S, Choi EH. Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Silymarin Nanoemulsion Activate Autophagy in Human Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061939. [PMID: 32178401 PMCID: PMC7139470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy is reported as a survival or death-promoting pathway that is highly debatable in different kinds of cancer. Here, we examined the co-effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SN) treatment on G-361 human melanoma cells via autophagy induction. Methods: The temperature and pH of the media, along with the cell number, were evaluated. The intracellular glucose level and PI3K/mTOR and EGFR downstream pathways were assessed. Autophagy-related genes, related transcriptional factors, and autophagy induction were estimated using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Results: CAP treatment increased the temperature and pH of the media, while its combination with SN resulted in a decrease in intracellular ATP with the downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival and RAS/MEK transcriptional pathways. Co-treatment blocked downstream paths of survival pathways and reduced PI3K (2 times), mTOR (10 times), EGFR (5 times), HRAS (5 times), and MEK (10 times). CAP and SN co-treated treatment modulates transcriptional factor expressions (ZKSCAN3, TFEB, FOXO1, CRTC2, and CREBBP) and specific genes (BECN-1, AMBRA-1, MAP1LC3A, and SQSTM) related to autophagy induction. Conclusion: CAP and SN together activate autophagy in G-361 cells by activating PI3K/mTOR and EGFR pathways, expressing autophagy-related transcription factors and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Bhagirath Ghimire
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (B.A.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.H.C.)
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Adhikari B, Pangomm K, Veerana M, Mitra S, Park G. Plant Disease Control by Non-Thermal Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 32117403 PMCID: PMC7034391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Disease stresses caused by pathogenic microorganisms are increasing, probably because of global warming. Conventional technologies for plant disease control have often revealed their limitations in efficiency, environmental safety, and economic costs. There is high demand for improvements in efficiency and safety. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma has demonstrated its potential as an alternative tool for efficient and environmentally safe control of plant pathogenic microorganisms in many studies, which are overviewed in this review. Efficient inactivation of phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal cells by various plasma sources under laboratory conditions has been frequently reported. In addition, plasma-treated water shows antimicrobial activity. Plasma and plasma-treated water exhibit a broad spectrum of efficiency in the decontamination and disinfection of plants, fruits, and seeds, indicating that the outcomes of plasma treatment can be significantly influenced by the microenvironments between plasma and plant tissues, such as the surface structures and properties, antioxidant systems, and surface chemistry of plants. More intense studies are required on the efficiency of decontamination and disinfection and underlying mechanisms. Recently, the induction of plant tolerance or resistance to pathogens by plasma (so-called "plasma vaccination") is emerging as a new area of study, with active research ongoing in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kamonporn Pangomm
- Department of Basic Science, Maejo University Phrae Campus, Phrae, Thailand
| | - Mayura Veerana
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyungsoon Park
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kaushik NK, Ghimire B, Li Y, Adhikari M, Veerana M, Kaushik N, Jha N, Adhikari B, Lee SJ, Masur K, von Woedtke T, Weltmann KD, Choi EH. Biological and medical applications of plasma-activated media, water and solutions. Biol Chem 2019; 400:39-62. [PMID: 30044757 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has been proposed as a new tool for various biological and medical applications. Plasma in close proximity to cell culture media or water creates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species containing solutions known as plasma-activated media (PAM) or plasma-activated water (PAW) - the latter even displays acidification. These plasma-treated solutions remain stable for several days with respect to the storage temperature. Recently, PAM and PAW have been widely studied for many biomedical applications. Here, we reviewed promising reports demonstrating plasma-liquid interaction chemistry and the application of PAM or PAW as an anti-cancer, anti-metastatic, antimicrobial, regenerative medicine for blood coagulation and even as a dental treatment agent. We also discuss the role of PAM on cancer initiation cells (spheroids or cancer stem cells), on the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and when used for metastasis inhibition considering its anticancer effects. The roles of PAW in controlling plant disease, seed decontamination, seed germination and plant growth are also considered in this review. Finally, we emphasize the future prospects of PAM, PAW or plasma-activated solutions in biomedical applications with a discussion of the mechanisms and the stability and safety issues in relation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics and Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhagirath Ghimire
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics and Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Li
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics and Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics and Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Mayura Veerana
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics and Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayansi Jha
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics and Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Masur
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics and Department of Plasma-Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Risal P, Adhikari B, Shrestha R, Manandhar S, Bhatt RD, Hada M. Analysis of Factors Associated with Thyroid Dysfunction: A Hospital Based Study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2019; 17:88-92. [PMID: 32632053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is one of the major public health concerns in Nepal. This study intends to identify factors in association with thyroid dysfunction and its hospital based prevalence. Objective To determine hospital-based prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and to identify and analyze factors in association with thyroid dysfunction. Method A retroprospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital (DH,KUH) from January to December, 2015 with prospective part carried out from July to December 2015 in the patients visiting Dhulikhel hospital for health check-up and requested for Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs). Thyroid Function Tests of 1530 subjects were performed in the biochemistry laboratory and semi-structured questionnaire were introduced to 312 participants with convenient sampling method and their anthropometric measurements were taken. Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation and student-t test were used as a measure to analyze factors. Result Out of total 1530 subjects, 35.3% were having thyroid dysfunction with the prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism to be 2.5%, 2.4%, 5.6% and 24.8% respectively. The distribution of thyroid dysfunction was preponderant among females and among older age. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was highest among Terai/Madhesi (40.0%) and lowest among Newars (28.5%) with higher fraction of hypothyroidism in each ethnic group. There were significant correlation between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) with waist-hip ratio (p<0.05) and weight (kg) with free thyroxine (fT4) (p<0.05). Direct pesticide exposure (p<0.05) was significantly associated with hypothyroidism. The serum fT4 was significantly different (p<0.05) among vegetarian and non-vegetarian whereas TSH and free triiodothyronine (fT3) were not significantly different. Smoking, alcoholism, dietary food habits, diabetes and hypertension were not significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion Thyroid dysfunction was highly prevalent among participants with higher proportion of subclinical hypothyroidism. Besides, direct pesticide exposure found to be factor in association with hypothyroidism, this study could not find significance relation with other established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Risal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Adhikari
- Department of Natural Science-Human Biology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R Shrestha
- Department of Natural Science-Human Biology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Manandhar
- Department of Natural Science-Human Biology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - R D Bhatt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Hada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Dulal N, Shanks R, Chalmers D, Adhikari B, Gill H. Migration and performance of erucamide slip additive in high-density polyethylene bottle caps. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Dulal
- School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street; Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - R. Shanks
- School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street; Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
| | - D. Chalmers
- Coca-Cola Amatil, Roussell Rd; Eastern Creek New South Wales 2766 Australia
| | - B. Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus; Melbourne Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - H. Gill
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora Campus; Melbourne Victoria 3083 Australia
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Chaudhary S, Gharti A, Adhikari B. An in vivo comparison of accuracy of two electronic apex locators in determining working length using stainless steel and nickel titanium files. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 10:75-82. [PMID: 29861643 PMCID: PMC5968804 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s158882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A key factor affecting the success of endodontic treatment is correct determination of root canal working length (WL). The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the accuracy of Propex II and iPex II electronic apex locator (EAL) in determining the WL under clinical conditions, to that of radiographic working length (RWL) using stainless steel (SS) and nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand files. Patients and methods Thirty-seven patients, with 60 anterior teeth (60 canals) scheduled for endodontic treatment participated in this study after ethical approval. Electronic working length (EWL) was determined by the Propex II and iPex II according to manufacturer’s instructions using SS Hand K-files and NiTi Hand files. RWL was determined after EWL determination. The results obtained with each EAL with SS and NiTi files were compared with RWL. Data was analyzed statistically at a significance level of p < 0.05. Interclass correlation coefficient was calculated. Results Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the EALs, indicating similar accuracies between them with respect to accuracy in determining the WL (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found between the EWL and RWL and between SS and NiTi files for WL determination (p > 0.05) as well. The result also displayed a high intraclass correlation coefficient between the RWL and EWL measurement methods. Conclusion Under the in vivo clinical conditions of this study, both Propex II and iPex II were similar to the RWL determination technique showing high correlation to RWL. Both are clinically acceptable EAL for WL determination and both SS hand K-file and NiTi file can be used interchangeably without compromising the WL during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Chaudhary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Archana Gharti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Bhawana Adhikari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
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Shrestha S, Adhikari B, Poudel RS, Thapaliya K, Kharal T, Bastakoti M, Bhatta NK. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Hypertension Among Antihypertensive Medication Users. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2016; 55:86-92. [PMID: 28029674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is growing among the population of Nepal. We aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertension among hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medication in the community of Central Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the hypertensive patients in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal from July 2015 to September 2015 using clustered sampling technique. Suitably designed and validated questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice on hypertension consisting of 27 questions were used to determine the KAP scores. The difference in the median KAP scores between sex, level of education and duration of hypertension were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS A total of 200 patients met the inclusion criteria and majority of them were male (60%), had received primary education (36%) and had hypertension for ≥5 years (46.5%). The blood pressure ranged from 100-180/60-110 mmHg. The median K, A and P scores were 8 (6), 5 (1) and 6 (3) respectively. K and A were statistically associated with sex both at p<0.001 and level of education (K at p<0.001 and A at p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS The current knowledge, attitude and practice among hypertensive patients using antihypertensive medication can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - B Adhikari
- Department of Medicine, Bharatpur District Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - R S Poudel
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - K Thapaliya
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - T Kharal
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - M Bastakoti
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - N K Bhatta
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
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Gounder P, Bulkow LR, Bruce MG, Hennessy T, Snowball M, Adhikari B, Meltzer M, Spradling P, McMahon BJ. Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Two Approaches to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Surveillance in Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Virus Infection. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Adhikari
- Cancer Center and Blood Institute, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Lewiston, Idaho, USA and
| | - R. M. Dongol
- Cancer Center and Blood Institute, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Lewiston, Idaho, USA and
| | - D. Baral
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Y. Hewett
- Cancer Center and Blood Institute, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Lewiston, Idaho, USA and
| | - B. K. Shah
- Cancer Center and Blood Institute, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Lewiston, Idaho, USA and
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Saha S, Mandal B, Hazra G, Dey A, Chakraborty M, Adhikari B, Mukhopadhyay S, Sadhukhan R. Can agronomic biofortification of zinc be benign for iron in cereals? J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Shen N, Qin Y, Wang Q, Liao S, Zhu J, Zhu Q, Mi H, Adhikari B, Wei Y, Huang R. Production of succinic acid from sugarcane molasses supplemented with a mixture of corn steep liquor powder and peanut meal as nitrogen sources by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60:544-51. [PMID: 25647487 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential of using corn steep liquor powder (CSLP), peanut meal (PM), soybean meal (SM), cotton meal (CM) and urea as the substitute of yeast extract (YE) as the nitrogen source was investigated for producing succinic acid (SA). Actinobacillus succinogenes GXAS137 was used as the fermenting bacterium and sugarcane molasses was used as the main substrate. None of these materials were able to produce SA as high as YE did. The CSLP could still be considered as a feasible and inexpensive alternate for YE as the yield of SA produced using CSLP was second only to the yield of SA obtained by YE. The use of CSLP-PM mixed formulation (CSLP to PM ratio = 2·6) as nitrogen source produced SA up to 59·2 g l(-1) with a productivity of 1·2 g l(-1) h(-1). A batch fermentation using a stirred bioreactor produced up to 60·7 g l(-1) of SA at the same formulation. Fed-batch fermentation that minimized the substrate inhibition produced 64·7 g l(-1) SA. These results suggest that sugarcane molasses supplemented with a mixture of CSLP and PM as the nitrogen source could be used to produce SA more economically using A. succinogenes. Significance and impact of the study: Succinic acid (SA) is commonly used as a platform chemical to produce a number of high value derivatives. Yeast extract (YE) is used as a nitrogen source to produce SA. The high cost of YE is currently the limiting factor for industrial production of SA. This study reports the use of a mixture of corn steep liquor powder (CSLP) and peanut meal (PM) as an inexpensive nitrogen source to substitute YE. The results showed that this CSLP-PM mixed formulation can be used as an effective and economic nitrogen source for the production of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Q Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - J Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Q Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - H Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - B Adhikari
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, City Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Y Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - R Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bio-resource Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Marahatta SB, Adhikari B, Mishra SR, Raut S, Ramasoota P, Malla P, Kaewkungwal J, Singhasivanon P. Association of Previous Smoking Habit and Perceived Social Discrimination with the Risk of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Central Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:95-101. [PMID: 26411721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to both Isoniazid and Rifampicin with or without resistant to other drug, is among the most alarming pandemic problem. The objectives of this study was to assess the risk factors of MDR TB in Central Nepal. METHODS A matched case control study was conducted among 186 cases of MDR TB and 372 non-MDR TB controls from central region of Nepal. Pretested questionnaires containing socio-economic, cultural & behavioral; environmental, biological and health service factors were used. Variables significant in bivariate analysis were entered in multiple regression models for further analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, previous smoking habit (aOR= 4.5,(95%CI(1.24-16.2)) (p=0.04), and perceived social discrimination (aOR=5.83,95%CI (1.77-19.71)) (P=0.021) independently predicted greater MDR TB risk. CONCLUSIONS Encouraging MDR TB cases for smoking cessation through awareness activities should be a priority. Stigma reduction programs should include the empowerment of patients and communities while promoting TBrelated research for further exploration into the risk factors of TB and associated stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Marahatta
- Department of Community Medicine, Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Adhikari
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S R Mishra
- Research and International Relation Division, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - S Raut
- Department of Microbiology, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal
| | - P Ramasoota
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Malla
- National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - J Kaewkungwal
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kumar A, Dwivedi S, Singh RP, Chakrabarty D, Mallick S, Trivedi PK, Adhikari B, Tripathi RD. Evaluation of amino acid profile in contrasting arsenic accumulating rice genotypes under arsenic stress. Biol plant 2014; 58:733-742. [DOI: 10.1007/s10535-014-0435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
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Sapkota B, Adhikari B, Upadhaya C. A study of assessment of partial edentulous patients based on Kennedy's classification at Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2014; 11:325-7. [PMID: 24899329 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v11i4.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health contributes significantly towards quality of life(QOL). Edentulousness falls in a special category among the various conditions of dental origin. Dietary intake and nutritional status is affected by poor oral health and loss of teeth. This will ultimately compromise general health. OBJECTIVE To identify the frequency of Kennedy's classification among partial edentulous patients and to compare occurrence among gender and between upper and lower arches and also to compare edentulousness among employed and unemployed population. METHODS This study was carried out at Dhulikhel Hospital Dental Department. The study was conducted randomly among 194 patients in dental OPD who were partially edentulous. A structured pro forma was used to find out the edentulousness based on Kennedy,s classification. RESULTS Among the Kennedy's classification ClassIII was found to be most common. Among them females and unemployed group were found to have more edentulousness and upper arch was more common. It was also found that females were more conscious and get the replacement of missing teeth among which those having Class IV missing were replaced most often. CONCLUSION The Kennedy Class III partial edentulousness type is most commonly found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sapkota
- Department of Dentistry, Dhulikhel Hospital- Kathmandu University Hospital Kathmandu University School of medical Science, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Adhikari
- Department of Dentistry, Dhulikhel Hospital- Kathmandu University Hospital Kathmandu University School of medical Science, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - C Upadhaya
- Department of Dentistry, Dhulikhel Hospital- Kathmandu University Hospital Kathmandu University School of medical Science, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Joshi M, Aldred P, Panozzo J, Kasapis S, Adhikari B. Rheological and microstructural characteristics of lentil starch–lentil protein composite pastes and gels. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is common in medical school and associated with depression. Medical education is grooming in Nepal, but only few studies are done concerning mental health of medical students. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of depression among medical students at different levels of education and find about their stressors. METHODS A cross sectional, questionnaire-based survey was carried out among the undergraduate medical students of B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. 50 students each from Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) first and third year were enrolled in the study conducted between November 2008 to January 2009. The depression levels were assessed using Zung depression scale. Students were asked to complete the questionnaire and then the depression levels calculated .The stress inducing factors during their course of medical education were also assessed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of depression among the students was 29.78 percent. The prevalence of depression in first and third year was 36.74and 22.22 percent respectively. The prevalence of depression was 32.43 percent among female students versus 28.07 percent in male students. Both first and third year students gave high ratings to academic stress and hectic lifestyle as the main stress inducing factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression is seen especially in the first year medical students. So, attempts should be made to alleviate the stressors right from the time they join medical school. Since academic stress proved to be one of the major factors, measures to make the academic curriculum more student-friendly are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Basnet
- Department of Psychiatry, B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
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Adhikari B, Shrestha K, Kaehler N, Raut S, Chapman RS. Community attitudes towards leprosy affected persons in Pokhara municipality of western Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2013; 11:264-268. [PMID: 24908528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is a social process of interpretation of an attribute. Leprosy has been seen as the epitome of stigmatization. The psychosocial impact a person has to bear in a society after the diagnosis weighs heavier than the physical afflictions it causes, which does not get cured with the mere medical treatment. There are various factors which construct the perception of stigma in both leprosy affected persons and unaffected persons. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of perceived stigma and the risk factors contributing to it among community people living in ward 15, Pokhara municipality. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study among 281 community people above the age of 18 years was conducted. Two sets of questionnaire form with additional Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC) for each individual were used. RESULTS Among 281 community people, the median score of perceived stigma was 12 while it ranged from 0-30. Ethnic groups, Brahmins, Dalits and minorities had highest perceived stigma score of 15 and above compared to the rest (p=0.001), community people living at the distance more than 2 km had highest perceived stigma score of 15 compared to those living closer to the hospital (p=0.019) and nuclear family had highest perceived stigma score of 15 compared to the joint family (p=0.014). People who lacked information on leprosy had higher score of perceived stigma compared to those who had information on leprosy (p=0.002).Similarly, those who perceived leprosy to be difficult to treat (p<0.001) and a severe disease (p<0.001) had highest score of perceived stigma. CONCLUSIONS Stigma in leprosy was found highly associated with the lack of information about leprosy and their perception in treatment and disease severity. Stigma reduction strategies should focus on health education, targeting to alleviate their perception about the disease with their active participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adhikari
- Nepal Community Health and Development Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K Shrestha
- Nepal Community Health and Development Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N Kaehler
- Kanchanaburi Polyclinic, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - S Raut
- Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - R S Chapman
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cheng XF, Zhang M, Adhikari B. The inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during thermal and thermosonic treatments. Ultrason Sonochem 2013; 20:674-9. [PMID: 23102768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of thermal and thermosonic treatments on the inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) was studied in 55-75°C temperature range. In both the processes, the inactivation kinetics of PPO followed a first-order kinetics (R(2)=0.941-0.989). The D values during thermal inactivation varied from 112±8.4min to 1.2±0.07min while they varied from 57.8±6.1min to 0.88±0.05min during thermosonic inactivation at the same temperature range. The activation energy during thermal inactivation was found to be 214±17kJ/mol, while it was 183±32kJ/mol during thermosonic inactivation. The inactivating effect of combined ultrasound and heat was found to synergistically enhance the inactivation kinetics of PPO. The D values of PPO decreased by 1.3-3 times during thermosonic inactivation compared to the D values of PPO during thermal inactivation at the temperature range. Therefore, thermosonication can be further developed as an alternative to "hot break" process of mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-f Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Joshi M, Aldred P, McKnight S, Panozzo JF, Kasapis S, Adhikari R, Adhikari B. Physicochemical and functional characteristics of lentil starch. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:1484-96. [PMID: 23399180 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of lentil starch were measured and linked up with its functional properties and compared with those of corn and potato starches. The amylose content of lentil starch was the highest among these starches. The crystallinity and gelatinization enthalpy of lentil starch were the lowest among these starches. The high amylose: amylopectin ratio in lentil starch resulted into low crystallinity and gelatinization enthalpy. Gelatinization and pasting temperatures of lentil starch were in between those of corn and potato starches. Lentil starch gels showed the highest storage modulus, gel strength and pasting viscosity than corn and potato starch gels. Peleg's model was able to predict the stress relaxation data of these starches well (R(2)>0.98). The elastic modulus of lentil starch gel was less frequency dependent and higher in magnitude at high temperature (60 °C) than at lower temperature (10 °C). Lentil starch is suitable where higher gel strengthened pasting viscosity are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joshi
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen, VIC 3353, Australia
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Joshi M, Adhikari B, Aldred P, Panozzo J, Kasapis S. Physicochemical and functional properties of lentil protein isolates prepared by different drying methods. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chowdhury SR, Manna S, Saha P, Basak RK, Sen R, Roy D, Adhikari B. Composition analysis and material characterization of an emulsifying extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by Bacillus megaterium RB-05: a hydrodynamic sediment-attached isolate of freshwater origin. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:1381-93. [PMID: 21973188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This work was aimed to isolate, purify and characterize an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by a freshwater dynamic sediment-attached micro-organism, Bacillus megaterium RB-05, and study its emulsifying potential in different hydrocarbon media. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus megaterium RB-05 was found to produce EPSs in glucose mineral salts medium, and maximum yield (0.864 g l(-1) ) was achieved after 24-h incubation. The recovery rates of the polysaccharide material by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography were around 67 and 93%, respectively. As evident from HPLC and FT-IR analyses, the polysaccharide was found to be a heteropolymer-containing glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, fucose and N-acetyl glucosamine. Different oligosaccharide combinations namely hexose(3), hexose(4), hexose(5) deoxyhexose(1) and hexose(5) deoxyhexose(1) pentose(3) were obtained after partial hydrolysis of the polymer using MALDI-ToF-MS. The polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 170 kDa and thermal stability up to 180°C showed pseudoplastic rheology and significant emulsifying activity in hydrocarbon media. CONCLUSIONS Isolated polysaccharide was found to be of high molecular weight and thermally stable. The purified EPS fraction was composed of hexose, pentose and deoxyhexose sugar residues, which is a rare combination for bacterial polysaccharides. Emulsifying property was either better or comparable to that of other commercially available natural gums and polysaccharides. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is probably one of the few reports about characterizing an emulsifying EPS produced by a freshwater sediment-attached bacterium. The results of this study contribute to understand the influence of chemical composition and material properties of a new microbial polysaccharide on its application in industrial biotechnology. Furthermore, this work reconfirms freshwater dynamic sediment as a potential habitat for bioprospecting extracellular polymer-producing bacteria. This study will improve our knowledge on the exploitation of a nonconventional renewable resource, which also seems to be ecologically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Chowdhury
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB, India
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Jayasundera M, Adhikari B, Adhikari R, Aldred P. The effect of protein types and low molecular weight surfactants on spray drying of sugar-rich foods. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dwivedi S, Tripathi RD, Tripathi P, Kumar A, Dave R, Mishra S, Singh R, Sharma D, Rai UN, Chakrabarty D, Trivedi PK, Adhikari B, Bag MK, Dhankher OP, Tuli R. Arsenate exposure affects amino acids, mineral nutrient status and antioxidants in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Environ Sci Technol 2010; 44:9542-9. [PMID: 21077666 DOI: 10.1021/es101716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Simulated pot experiments were conducted on four rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes (Triguna, IR-36, PNR-519, and IET-4786) to examine the effects of As(V) on amino acids and mineral nutrient status in grain along with antioxidant response to arsenic exposure. Rice genotypes responded differentially to As(V) exposure in terms of amino acids and antioxidant profiles. Total amino acid content in grains of all rice genotypes was positively correlated with arsenic accumulation. While, most of the essential amino acids increased in all cultivars except IR-36, glutamic acid and glycine increased in IET-4786 and PNR-519. The level of nonprotein thiols (NPTs) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) increased in all rice cultivars except IET-4786. A significant genotypic variation was also observed in specific arsenic uptake (SAU; mg kg(-1)dw), which was in the order of Triguna (134) > IR-36 (71) > PNR-519 (53) > IET-4786 (29). Further, application of As(V) at lower doses (4 and 8 mg L(-1) As) enhanced the accumulation of selenium (Se) and other nutrients (Fe, P, Zn, and S), however, higher dose (12 mg L(-1) As) limits the nutrient uptake in rice. In conclusion, low As accumulating genotype, IET-4786, which also had significantly induced level of essential amino acids, seems suitable for cultivation in moderately As contaminated soil and would be safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dwivedi
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow-226001, India
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Dwivedi S, Tripathi RD, Srivastava S, Singh R, Kumar A, Tripathi P, Dave R, Rai UN, Chakrabarty D, Trivedi PK, Tuli R, Adhikari B, Bag MK. Arsenic affects mineral nutrients in grains of various Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes grown on arsenic-contaminated soils of West Bengal. Protoplasma 2010; 245:113-24. [PMID: 20490609 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of paddy fields to arsenic (As) through groundwater irrigation is a serious concern that may not only lead to As accumulation to unacceptable levels but also interfere with mineral nutrients in rice grains. In the present field study, profiling of the mineral nutrients (iron (Fe), phosphorous, zinc, and selenium (Se)) was done in various rice genotypes with respect to As accumulation. A significant genotypic variation was observed in elemental retention on root Fe plaque and their accumulation in various plant parts including grains, specific As uptake (29-167 mg kg(-1) dw), as well as As transfer factor (4-45%). Grains retained the least level of As (0.7-3%) with inorganic As species being the dominant forms, while organic As species, viz., dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid, were non-detectable. In all tested varieties, the level of Se was low (0.05-0.12 mg kg(-1) dw), whereas that of As was high (0.4-1.68 mg kg(-1) dw), considering their safe/recommended daily intake limits, which may not warrant their human consumption. Hence, their utilization may increase the risk of arsenicosis, when grown in As-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Dwivedi
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kar P, Pradhan NC, Adhikari B. Isomeric Effects on Structures and Properties of Polyaminophenols Synthesized in Basic Medium. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320903527137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Adhikari B, Besser T, Gay J, Fox L, Davis M, Cobbold R, Berge A, McClanahan R, Hancock D. Introduction of new multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica strains into commercial dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:4218-28. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Adhikari B, Besser T, Gay J, Fox L, Davis M, Cobbold R, Berge A, Hancock D. The role of animal movement, including off-farm rearing of heifers, in the interherd transmission of multidrug-resistant Salmonella. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:4229-38. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Adhikari B, Howes T, Wood B, Bhandari B. The effect of low molecular weight surfactants and proteins on surface stickiness of sucrose during powder formation through spray drying. J FOOD ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
This paper attempts to find a strategy to provide year-round irrigation for cultivating three crops per year in the southern plains of the country taking a case study of the Babai basin. Despite having enough flows during the summer for growing rice in total 27,000 ha area, the dry season flows of the Babai river can irrigate only 6,300 ha in winter and 4,000 ha in spring limiting the cropping intensity to 138.50%. It is proposed to irrigate the 7,500 ha southern dry area at the right bank bringing water from a large snow-fed river: the Karnali. Water balance study of the three irrigation regions to be irrigated from the Babai source preserving their existing water rights showed that the year-round irrigation at the west with the proposed arrangement will fall short of only 13.9 million m(3) water volume. At the east side, the head reach area and the tail portion will fall short of 19.4 and 66.4 million m(3) of water to insure a cropping intensity of 250%. The deficits can be fulfilled by means of capturing the excess river water of rainy season in local reservoirs and by making conjunctive use of groundwater. The proposed solution is financially, environmentally and socially viable being a cost effective, user friendly and should be the linchpin towards attaining a sustainable year-round irrigation in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adhikari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hydraulics Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Adhikari B, Verhoeven R, Troch P. Appropriate rehabilitation strategy for a traditional irrigation supply system: a case from the Babai area in Nepal. Water Sci Technol 2009; 60:2819-2828. [PMID: 19934503 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies primary canals of three traditional irrigation systems in the southern plains of Nepal. It offers a scientific interpretation of the indigenous technology applied to the systems, which facilitates to use the same channel network for irrigation, drainage and flood management. The flood management technology of the farmers by diverting as much discharge as possible to the field channels results in the reduction of discharge towards the downstream part of the main channel. It is depicted in the simulation study that uses the river analysis program HEC-RAS 4.0. A cascade of weirs is found to be the most cost effective and user-friendly option to upgrade these systems preserving the existing irrigation, drainage as well as flood management functions. This study suggests that the conventional irrigation design principles should be applied very cautiously with full knowledge of the existing socio-institutional setting, hydro-ecological regime and indigenous technology for upgrading any traditional irrigation system successfully. The indigenous flood management technology strengthens the emerging concept that the floods in the Ganges plain are to be managed, not controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adhikari
- Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Adhikari B, Howes T, Shrestha A, Bhandari B. Effect of surface tension and viscosity on the surface stickiness of carbohydrate and protein solutions. J FOOD ENG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Loulou T, Adhikari B, Lecomte D. Estimation of concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient in drying process from the space-averaged concentration versus time with experimental data. Chem Eng Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Das T, Banthia AK, Adhikari B, Jeong H, Ha CS, Alam S. The effect of glass fiber and coupling agents in the blends of silicone rubber and liquid crystalline polymers. Macromol Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03219081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nzihou
- Ecole Des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, Centre Energetique - Environnement, LGPSD, UMR CNRS 2392, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi Cedex 09, France, Environmental-Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Brisbane, Australia, and New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - B. Adhikari
- Ecole Des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, Centre Energetique - Environnement, LGPSD, UMR CNRS 2392, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi Cedex 09, France, Environmental-Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Brisbane, Australia, and New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - R. Pfeffer
- Ecole Des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, Centre Energetique - Environnement, LGPSD, UMR CNRS 2392, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi Cedex 09, France, Environmental-Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Brisbane, Australia, and New Jersey Center for Engineered Particulates, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Adhikari B, Howes T, Lecomte D, Bhandari B. A glass transition temperature approach for the prediction of the surface stickiness of a drying droplet during spray drying. POWDER TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2004.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of free-living animals such as sparrows, rodents and flies as potential reservoirs of Campylobacter spp on a dairy farm, and to assess the genetic diversity among Campylobacter isolates from the farm and an urban source. METHODS A total of 290 samples (bovine, passerine and rodent faeces, and whole flies) were collected from a large commercial dairy farm in the Manawatu district in New Zealand, and from faeces from urban sparrows in a nearby city. Other samples collected from the dairy farm included five from silage, two from aprons worn by workers during milking, two from workers' boots and two from water in troughs in a paddock. Isolates of thermophilic Campylobacter spp were identified morphologically and phenotypically and further characterised molecularly using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the restriction enzyme SmaI. RESULTS Campylobacter jejuni was the only Campylobacter species isolated from all samples. The highest prevalence was found in faeces from dairy cows (54%), followed by faeces from sparrows from the urban area (40%) and the farm (38%), and from rodents (11%) and whole flies (9%). Other samples from the farm environment such as silage, trough water, and workers' aprons and boots were also positive for C. jejuni. Of the 22 restriction patterns obtained, seven were common to more than one source. CONCLUSIONS Cattle, sparrows, rodents and flies are potential reservoirs of C. jejuni on dairy farms. Identical clones of C. jejuni carried by cattle, sparrows, flies and rodents probably indicate a common source of infection. The high level of asymptomatic carriage of C. jejuni by healthy dairy cows could be sufficient to maintain infections within the dairy farm surroundings via environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Adhikari
- Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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