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Senges C, Herzer C, Norkus E, Krewing M, Mattner C, Rose L, Gebhardt T, Mattner F, Niesalla H. Workflows and locations matter - insights from electronic hand hygiene monitoring into the use of hand rub dispensers across diverse hospital wards. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100364. [PMID: 38601127 PMCID: PMC11004075 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect approximately 3.2-6.5% of hospitalised patients in the US and Europe, improving hand hygiene (HH) could reduce HAI rates. Investigating HH is time-consuming and not always objective, and comprehensive, unbiased data is needed to develop effective strategies. Using electronic tools can provide new and detailed insights on the determinants of HH. Aim To evaluate location-dependent usage of wall-mounted dispensers (WMDs) and point-of-care dispensers (POCs) using an electronic HH recording system. Methods In this retrospective study, hand rub volumes were anonymously recorded for 931,446 disinfections from 17 wards in nine German hospitals using the electronic monitoring system NosoEx®. Number of disinfections and rub volumes of WMDs/POCs by ward and room type were analysed. Findings Generally, WMDs were most prevalent. With >3 dispensers per bed and >20 disinfections per patient day, availability and use were highest in intensive care (ICU) and intermediate care (IMC), but here rub volumes from WMDs were lowest (∼2.0 mL). Although most dispensers are located in patient rooms (∼42%), they are more frequently used in hallways. In surgical ICUs, dispensers are often used in patient rooms, where contact with open wounds is common. About 3.6 mL of hand rub is used per disinfection in treatment rooms, the highest volume of all room types. Conclusion Dispenser use was dependent on location, room type, ward specialisation and workflow. Optimising the location of hand rub dispensers (HRDs)s is not the only solution to improve HH, but can help reduce inconvenience, achieve more ergonomic workflows and better meet user needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Senges
- HARTMANN SCIENCE CENTER, BODE Chemie GmbH a company of the HARTMANN GROUP, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marco Krewing
- HARTMANN SCIENCE CENTER, BODE Chemie GmbH a company of the HARTMANN GROUP, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Mattner
- Chair for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Witten-Herdecke, Cologne Clinics, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Rural Studies, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leonard Rose
- Chair for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Witten-Herdecke, Cologne Clinics, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Frauke Mattner
- Chair for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Witten-Herdecke, Cologne Clinics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heide Niesalla
- HARTMANN SCIENCE CENTER, BODE Chemie GmbH a company of the HARTMANN GROUP, Hamburg, Germany
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Dirks T, Krewing M, Vogel K, Bandow JE. The cold atmospheric pressure plasma-generated species superoxide, singlet oxygen and atomic oxygen activate the molecular chaperone Hsp33. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230300. [PMID: 37876273 PMCID: PMC10598452 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas are used for surface decontamination or disinfection, e.g. in clinical settings. Protein aggregation has been shown to significantly contribute to the antibacterial mechanisms of plasma. To investigate the potential role of the redox-activated zinc-binding chaperone Hsp33 in preventing protein aggregation and thus mediating plasma resistance, we compared the plasma sensitivity of wild-type E. coli to that of an hslO deletion mutant lacking Hsp33 as well as an over-producing strain. Over-production of Hsp33 increased plasma survival rates above wild-type levels. Hsp33 was previously shown to be activated by plasma in vitro. For the PlasmaDerm source applied in dermatology, reversible activation of Hsp33 was confirmed. Thiol oxidation and Hsp33 unfolding, both crucial for Hsp33 activation, occurred during plasma treatment. After prolonged plasma exposure, however, unspecific protein oxidation was detected, the ability of Hsp33 to bind zinc ions was decreased without direct modifications of the zinc-binding motif, and the protein was inactivated. To identify chemical species of potential relevance for plasma-induced Hsp33 activation, reactive oxygen species were tested for their ability to activate Hsp33 in vitro. Superoxide, singlet oxygen and potentially atomic oxygen activate Hsp33, while no evidence was found for activation by ozone, peroxynitrite or hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dirks
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marco Krewing
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Vogel
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Dirks T, Yayci A, Klopsch S, Krewing M, Zhang W, Hollmann F, Bandow JE. Immobilization protects enzymes from plasma-mediated inactivation. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230299. [PMID: 37876274 PMCID: PMC10598437 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasmas are used in various applications to inactivate biological agents or biomolecules. A complex cocktail of reactive species, (vacuum) UV radiation and in some cases exposure to an electric field together cause the detrimental effects. In contrast to this disruptive property of technical plasmas, we have shown previously that it is possible to use non-thermal plasma-generated species such as H2O2 as cosubstrates in biocatalytic reactions. One of the main limitations in plasma-driven biocatalysis is the relatively short enzyme lifetime under plasma-operating conditions. This challenge could be overcome by immobilizing the enzymes on inert carrier materials. Here, we tested whether immobilization is suited to protect proteins from inactivation by plasma. To this end, using a dielectric barrier discharge device (PlasmaDerm), plasma stability was tested for five enzymes immobilized on ten different carrier materials. A comparative analysis of the treatment times needed to reduce enzyme activity of immobilized and free enzyme by 30% showed a maximum increase by a factor of 44. Covalent immobilization on a partly hydrophobic carrier surface proved most effective. We conclude from the study, that immobilization universally protects enzymes under plasma-operating conditions, paving the way for new emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dirks
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdulkadir Yayci
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klopsch
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marco Krewing
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- National Innovation Center for Synthetic Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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4
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Varatnitskaya M, Fasel J, Müller A, Lupilov N, Shi Y, Fuchs K, Krewing M, Jung C, Jacob T, Sitek B, Bandow JE, Carroll KS, Hoffmann E, Leichert LI. An increase in surface hydrophobicity mediates chaperone activity in N-chlorinated RidA. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102332. [PMID: 35598378 PMCID: PMC9126958 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, Escherichia coli RidA is an enamine/imine deaminase, which promotes the release of ammonia from reactive enamine/imine intermediates. However, when modified by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), it turns into a potent chaperone-like holdase that can effectively protect E. coli's proteome during oxidative stress. However, it is unknown, which residues need to be chlorinated for activation. Here, we employ a combination of LC-MS/MS analysis, a chemo-proteomic approach, and a mutagenesis study to identify residues responsible for RidA's chaperone-like function. Through LC-MS/MS of digested RidAHOCl, we obtained direct evidence of the chlorination of one arginine residue. To overcome the instability of the N-chloramine modification, we established a chemoproteomic approach using 5-(dimethylamino) naphthalene-1-sulfinic acid (DANSO2H) as a probe to label N-chlorinated lysines. Using this probe, we were able to detect the N-chlorination of six additional lysine residues. Moreover, using a mutagenesis study to genetically probe the role of single arginine and lysine residues, we found that the removal of arginines R105 and/or R128 led to a substantial reduction of RidAHOCl's chaperone activity. These results, together with structural analysis, confirm that the chaperone activity of RidA is concomitant with the loss of positive charges on the protein surface, leading to an increased overall protein hydrophobicity. Molecular modelling of RidAHOCl and the rational design of a RidA variant that shows chaperone activity even in the absence of HOCl further supports our hypothesis. Our data provide a molecular mechanism for HOCl-mediated chaperone activity found in RidA and a growing number of other HOCl-activated chaperones.
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Tarabová B, Tampieri F, Maran E, Marotta E, Ostrihoňová A, Krewing M, Machala Z. Chemical and Antimicrobial Effects of Air Non-Thermal Plasma Processing of Fresh Apple Juice with Focus on Safety Aspects. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092055. [PMID: 34574165 PMCID: PMC8471106 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshly squeezed apple juice was subjected to air non-thermal plasma treatment to investigate the capability of this processing method to inactivate microorganisms and to evaluate its safety when applied to liquid food products. Two different configurations of a transient spark discharge in ambient air were tested: an electrospray system with the juice flowing directly through the high voltage needle electrode, and a batch system, where the discharge was generated onto the surface of the juice. The key physico-chemical parameters of the juice, such as pH, conductivity, color, transmittance, and Brix degree, did not significantly change upon treatment. The concentration of nitrate ions formed by the plasma was safe, while that of nitrite ions and hydrogen peroxide was initially higher than the safety limits, but decreased within 24 h post treatment. The plasma effect on individual natural components of the juice, such as sugars, organic acids, and polyphenols, treated in water solutions led to their partial or substantial decomposition. However, when these compounds were plasma-treated altogether in the juice, they remained unaffected. The antimicrobial effect of the plasma processing was evaluated via the inoculation of model microorganisms. A stronger (6 log) decontamination was detected for bacteria Escherichia coli with respect to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plasma processing led to a substantial extension of the juice shelf-life by up to 26 days if refrigerated, which represents a promising application potential in food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Tarabová
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.O.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Maran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Ester Marotta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Andrea Ostrihoňová
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Marco Krewing
- Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Zdenko Machala
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.O.); (Z.M.)
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Krewing M, Jarzina F, Dirks T, Schubert B, Benedikt J, Lackmann JW, Bandow JE. Plasma-sensitive Escherichia coli mutants reveal plasma resistance mechanisms. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180846. [PMID: 30913981 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are investigated as augmenting therapy to combat bacterial infections. The strong antibacterial effects of plasmas are attributed to the complex mixture of reactive species, (V)UV radiation and electric fields. The experience with antibiotics is that upon their introduction as medicines, resistance occurs in pathogens and spreads. To assess the possibility of bacterial resistance developing against plasma, we investigated intrinsic protective mechanisms that allow Escherichia coli to survive plasma stress. We performed a genome-wide screening of single-gene knockout mutants of E. coli and identified 87 mutants that are hypersensitive to the effluent of a microscale atmospheric pressure plasma jet. For selected genes ( cysB, mntH, rep and iscS) we showed in complementation studies that plasma resistance can be restored and increased above wild-type levels upon over-expression. To identify plasma-derived components that the 87 genes confer resistance against, mutants were tested for hypersensitivity against individual stressors (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, ozone, HOCl, peroxynitrite, NO•, nitrite, nitrate, HNO3, acid stress, diamide, heat stress and detergents). k-means++ clustering revealed that most genes protect from hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and/or nitric oxide. In conclusion, individual bacterial genes confer resistance against plasma providing insights into the antibacterial mechanisms of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Krewing
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Fabian Jarzina
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Tim Dirks
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Britta Schubert
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Jan Benedikt
- 2 Experimental Plasma Physics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Julia E Bandow
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum , Germany
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7
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Yayci A, Baraibar ÁG, Krewing M, Fueyo EF, Hollmann F, Alcalde M, Kourist R, Bandow JE. Plasma-Driven in Situ Production of Hydrogen Peroxide for Biocatalysis. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:2072-2079. [PMID: 32026604 PMCID: PMC7216967 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidases and peroxygenases are promising classes of enzymes for biocatalysis because of their ability to carry out one-electron oxidation reactions and stereoselective oxyfunctionalizations. However, industrial application is limited, as the major drawback is the sensitivity toward the required peroxide substrates. Herein, we report a novel biocatalysis approach to circumvent this shortcoming: in situ production of H2 O2 by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The discharge plasma can be controlled to produce hydrogen peroxide at desired rates, yielding desired concentrations. Using horseradish peroxidase, it is demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide produced by plasma treatment can drive the enzymatic oxidation of model substrates. Fungal peroxygenase is then employed to convert ethylbenzene to (R)-1-phenylethanol with an ee of >96 % using plasma-generated hydrogen peroxide. As direct treatment of the reaction solution with plasma results in reduced enzyme activity, the use of plasma-treated liquid and protection strategies are investigated to increase total turnover. Technical plasmas present a noninvasive means to drive peroxide-based biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Yayci
- Applied MicrobiologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Álvaro Gómez Baraibar
- Microbial BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Marco Krewing
- Applied MicrobiologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Elena Fernandez Fueyo
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of BiocatalysisInstitute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC)Campus Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Robert Kourist
- Microbial BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044780BochumGermany
- current address: Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 14GrazAustria
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Applied MicrobiologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044780BochumGermany
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Krewing M, Stepanek JJ, Cremers C, Lackmann JW, Schubert B, Müller A, Awakowicz P, Leichert LIO, Jakob U, Bandow JE. The molecular chaperone Hsp33 is activated by atmospheric-pressure plasma protecting proteins from aggregation. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180966. [PMID: 31213177 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas are an alternative means to sterilize and disinfect. Plasma-mediated protein aggregation has been identified as one of the mechanisms responsible for the antibacterial features of plasma. Heat shock protein 33 (Hsp33) is a chaperone with holdase function that is activated when oxidative stress and unfolding conditions coincide. In its active form, it binds unfolded proteins and prevents their aggregation. Here we analyse the influence of plasma on the structure and function of Hsp33 of Escherichia coli using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma. While most other proteins studied so far were rapidly inactivated by atmospheric-pressure plasma, exposure to plasma activated Hsp33. Both, oxidation of cysteine residues and partial unfolding of Hsp33 were observed after plasma treatment. Plasma-mediated activation of Hsp33 was reversible by reducing agents, indicating that cysteine residues critical for regulation of Hsp33 activity were not irreversibly oxidized. However, the reduction yielded a protein that did not regain its original fold. Nevertheless, a second round of plasma treatment resulted again in a fully active protein that was unfolded to an even higher degree. These conformational states were not previously observed after chemical activation with HOCl. Thus, although we could detect the formation of HOCl in the liquid phase during plasma treatment, we conclude that other species must be involved in plasma activation of Hsp33. E. coli cells over-expressing the Hsp33-encoding gene hslO from a plasmid showed increased survival rates when treated with plasma while an hslO deletion mutant was hypersensitive emphasizing the importance of protein aggregation as an inactivation mechanism of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Krewing
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Jennifer Janina Stepanek
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Claudia Cremers
- 4 Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Britta Schubert
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- 2 Microbial Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- 3 Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Sciences, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Lars I O Leichert
- 2 Microbial Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- 4 Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Julia E Bandow
- 1 Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
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