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Dobariya A, Mankad GP, Ramavat H, Singh SP. Efficacy of the Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Substrates for the Growth and Production of α-Amylases in Marine Actinobacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7603-7623. [PMID: 37067678 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes from haloalkaliphilic microorganisms have recently focused attention on their potential and suitability in various applications. In this study, the growth and production of extracellular amylases in the marine actinomycetes, using kitchen waste as the raw starch source, have been investigated. Actinobacteria were isolated from the seawater of the Kachhighadi Coast near Dwarika, Gujarat. Seven Actinobacterial isolates of pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons belonging to different strains of Nocardiopsis genera were screened and selected for amylase production. The amylase production was initially assessed on the solid media supplemented with the extracts of different fruits and vegetable peels as a substrate by agar plate assay. The strains Kh-2(13), Kh-2(1), and Kh-3(12) produced maximum amylase with potato peel as a substrate, while no significant differences were found with the media containing other peels. Nevertheless, all strains produced amylases at a significant level with other raw substrates as well. For the optimization of the growth and enzyme production, the selected two isolates Kh-2(13) and Kh-3(12) of the monsoon and winter seasons were cultivated in a liquid medium under the submerged fermentation conditions, with potato peel as a substrate. In both organisms, the optimum amylase production was observed in the stationary phase of growth. For amylase production, the effect of different physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. The optimum growth and amylase production was achieved in 2% inoculum size, at pH 8.0, 28℃, and 5% salt concentration. On the basis of the amylase production index (API) (a ratio of the amylase units and cell growth), both isolates produced significant amylase with the only extract of potato peels, without any other supplements. The trends further indicated that while additional complex sources, such as yeast extract and peptone can enhance the cell growth of the actinobacteria, the amylase production remained unaltered. The study projects the significance of waste raw materials for the production of enzymes in extremophilic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dobariya
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India
- M.V.M. Sci and H. Sci. College Rajkot, Rajkot, 360001, India
| | - Gira P Mankad
- M.V.M. Sci and H. Sci. College Rajkot, Rajkot, 360001, India
| | - Hasti Ramavat
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360005, India.
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Oyedeji O, Olakusehin VO, Okonji RE. A thermostable extracellular α-amylase from Aspergillus flavus S2-OY: Purification, characterisation and application in raw starch hydrolysis. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.2005032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaoluwa Oyedeji
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Raphael Emuebie Okonji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Paul JS, Gupta N, Beliya E, Tiwari S, Jadhav SK. Aspects and Recent Trends in Microbial α-Amylase: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2649-2698. [PMID: 33715051 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylases are the oldest and versatile starch hydrolysing enzymes which can replace chemical hydrolysis of starch in industries. It cleaves the α-(1,4)-D-glucosidic linkage of starch and other related polysaccharides to yield simple sugars like glucose, maltose and limit dextrin. α-Amylase covers about 30% shares of the total enzyme market. On account of their superior features, α-amylase is the most widely used among all the existing amylases for hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Endo-acting α-amylase of glycoside hydrolase family 13 is an extensively used biocatalyst and has various biotechnological applications like in starch processing, detergent, textile, paper and pharmaceutical industries. Apart from these, it has some novel applications including polymeric material for drug delivery, bioremediating agent, biodemulsifier and biofilm inhibitor. The present review will accomplish the research gap by providing the unexplored aspects of microbial α-amylase. It will allow the readers to know about the works that have already been done and the latest trends in this field. The manuscript has covered the latest immobilization techniques and the site-directed mutagenesis approaches which are readily being performed to confer the desirable property in wild-type α-amylases. Furthermore, it will state the inadequacies and the numerous obstacles coming in the way of its production during upstream and downstream steps and will also suggest some measures to obtain stable and industrial-grade α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Shankar Paul
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Nisha Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Esmil Beliya
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India.,Department of Botany, Govt. College, Bichhua, Chhindwara, MP, 480111, India
| | - Shubhra Tiwari
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Jadhav
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India.
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Efficient two-step lactic acid production from cassava biomass using thermostable enzyme cocktail and lactic acid bacteria: insights from hydrolysis optimization and proteomics analysis. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:409. [PMID: 32904521 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid is an intermediate-volume specialty chemical, used in the production of biodegradable polymers and other chemicals. Although lactic acid production process is well established, however, the cost of production is very high. Therefore, in this study; starchy biomass (cassava) was hydrolyzed with in-house enzyme cocktail prepared from Aspergillus foetidus MTCC508 and Bacillus subtilis RA10. Process optimization using Taguchi experimental design helped to optimize the most effective ratio of fungal and bacterial amylase for effective saccharification of cassava. A higher sugar yield of 379.63 mg/gds was obtained under optimized conditions, using 30 U/gds of bacterial enzyme and 90 U/gds of the fungal enzyme at pH 4 within 48 h of saccharification. Among 11 lactic acid bacteria isolated, Lactobacillus fermentum S1A and Lactobacillus farraginis SS3A produced the highest amount of lactic acid 0.81 g/g and 0.77 g/g, respectively, from the cassava hydrolysate. The study proved the potential renewable source of cassava biomass as a source for fermentable sugars that can be fermented to lactic acid with high yield. In future, this cost-effective and environmental-friendly bioprocess can be upscaled for industrial lactic acid production.
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Bohutskyi P, Kucek LA, Hill E, Pinchuk GE, Mundree SG, Beliaev AS. Conversion of stranded waste-stream carbon and nutrients into value-added products via metabolically coupled binary heterotroph-photoautotroph system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:68-75. [PMID: 29614453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth of heterotrophic bacterium Bacillus subtilis was metabolically coupled with the photosynthetic activity of an astaxanthin-producing alga Haematococcus pluvialis for conversion of starch-containing waste stream into carotenoid-enriched biomass. The H. pluvialis accounted for 63% of the produced co-culture biomass of 2.2 g/L. Importantly, the binary system requires neither exogenous supply of gaseous substrates nor application of energy-intensive mass transfer technologies due to in-situ exchange in CO2 and O2. The maximum reduction in COD, total nitrogen and phosphorus reached 65%, 55% and 30%, respectively. Conducted techno-economic assessment suggested that the astaxanthin-rich biomass may potentially offset the costs of waste treatment, and, with specific productivity enhancements (induction of astaxanthin to 2% and increase H. pluvialis fraction to 80%), provide and additional revenue stream. The outcome of this study demonstrates a successful proof-of-principle for conversion of waste carbon and nutrients into value-added products through metabolic coupling of heterotrophic and phototrophic metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Bohutskyi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3300 Stevens Dr., Richland, WA 99354, United States.
| | - Leo A Kucek
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3300 Stevens Dr., Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Eric Hill
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3300 Stevens Dr., Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Grigoriy E Pinchuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3300 Stevens Dr., Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Sagadevan G Mundree
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander S Beliaev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3300 Stevens Dr., Richland, WA 99354, United States; Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Awan K, Jabeen F, Manzoor M, Qazi JI. Potential of thermophilic amylolytic bacteria for growth in unconventional media: Potato peels. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Awan
- Department of Zoology; University of the Punjab; Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabeen
- Department of Zoology; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Manzoor
- Department of Zoology; Government College University; Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal Qazi
- Department of Zoology; University of the Punjab; Lahore, Pakistan
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Pathak PD, Mandavgane SA, Puranik NM, Jambhulkar SJ, Kulkarni BD. Valorization of potato peel: a biorefinery approach. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:218-230. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1331337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav D. Pathak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Sachin A. Mandavgane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - Nikhil Manoj Puranik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, India
| | | | - Bhaskar D. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratories, Pune, India
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Bharathiraja S, Suriya J, Krishnan M, Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Production of Enzymes From Agricultural Wastes and Their Potential Industrial Applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 80:125-148. [PMID: 28215322 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis is the significant technique for the conversion of agricultural wastes into valuable products. Agroindustrial wastes such as rice bran, wheat bran, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, and corncob are cheapest and plentifully available natural carbon sources for the production of industrially important enzymes. Innumerable enzymes that have numerous applications in industrial processes for food, drug, textile, and dye use have been produced from different types of microorganisms from agricultural wastes. Utilization of agricultural wastes offers great potential for reducing the production cost and increasing the use of enzymes for industrial purposes. This chapter focuses on economic production of actinobacterial enzymes from agricultural wastes to make a better alternative for utilization of biomass generated in million tons as waste annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bharathiraja
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo, India
| | - J Suriya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - M Krishnan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - P Manivasagan
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Izmirlioglu G, Demirci A. Strain selection and medium optimization for glucoamylase production from industrial potato waste by Aspergillus niger. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:2788-2795. [PMID: 26333342 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucoamylase is one of the most common enzymes used in the food industry to break down starch into its monomers. Glucoamylase production and its activity are highly dependent on medium composition. Starch is well known as a glucoamylase inducer, and utilization of industrial starchy potato waste is an inexpensive way of improving glucoamylase production. Since glucoamylase production is highly dependent on medium composition, in this study medium optimization for glucoamylase production was considered to enhance glucoamylase activity. RESULTS Among the evaluated microbial species, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem was found to be the best glucoamylase-producing fungus. The Plackett-Burman design was used to screen various medium ingredients, and malt extract, FeSO4 .7H2 O and CaCl2 ·2H2 O were found to have significant effects on glucoamylase production. Finally, malt extract, FeSO4 .7H2 O and CaCl2 .2H2 O were optimized by using a central composite design of response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal medium composition for A. niger van Tieghem was 50 g L(-1) industrial waste potato mash supplemented with 51.82 g L(-1) malt extract, 9.27 g L(-1) CaCl2 ·2H2 O and 0.50 g L(-1) FeSO4 .7H2 O. CONCLUSION At the end of optimization, glucoamylase activity and glucose production were improved 126% and 98% compared to only industrial waste potato mash basal medium; 274.4 U mL(-1) glucoamylase activity and 41.7 g L(-1) glucose levels were achieved, respectively. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulten Izmirlioglu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ali Demirci
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Abd-Elhalem BT, El-Sawy M, Gamal RF, Abou-Taleb KA. Production of amylases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens under submerged fermentation using some agro-industrial by-products. ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2015; 60:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Ethanol Production from Enzymatically Treated Dried Food Waste Using Enzymes Produced On-Site. SUSTAINABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/su7021446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Optimization of Amylase Production from B. amyloliquefaciens (MTCC 1270) Using Solid State Fermentation. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:764046. [PMID: 24949017 PMCID: PMC4037619 DOI: 10.1155/2014/764046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for microbial amylase production persists because of its immense importance in wide spectrum industries. The present work has been initiated with a goal of optimization of solid state fermentation condition for amylase using agroindustrial waste and microbial strain like B. amyloliquefaciens (MTCC 1270). In an aim to improve the productivity of amylase, fermentation has been carried out in the presence of calcium (Ca(+2)), Nitrate (NO3 (-)), and chloride ions (Cl(-)) as well as in the presence of D-inositol and mannitol. Amylase needs calcium ion for the preservation of its structure, activity and stability that proves beneficial also for amylase production using solid state fermentation. The inclusion of ions and sugars in the SSF media is promising which can be explained by the protection offered by them against thermal decay of amylase at various incubation periods at 37°C.
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Smitha RB, Jisha VN, Sajith S, Benjamin S. Dual production of amylase and δ-endotoxin by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki during biphasic fermentation. Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Raul D, Biswas T, Mukhopadhyay S, Kumar Das S, Gupta S. Production and Partial Purification of Alpha Amylase from Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121) Using Solid State Fermentation. Biochem Res Int 2014; 2014:568141. [PMID: 24672727 PMCID: PMC3942096 DOI: 10.1155/2014/568141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugars and plays a pivotal role in a variety of areas like use as digestives, for the production of ethanol and high fructose corn syrup, detergents, desiring of textiles, modified starches, hydrolysis of oil-field drilling fluids, and paper recycling. In the present work, solid state fermentation (SSF) for α -amylase production has been used in lieu of submerged fermentation (SmF) due to its simple technique, low capital investment, lower levels of catabolite repression, and better product recovery. Bacillus subtilis has been well known as producer of alpha amylase and was tested using solid state fermentation for 48 hours at 37°C with wheat bran as substrate. Comparison between different fermentation hours demonstrated high yield of alpha amylase after 48 hours. This alpha amylase has optimum pH and temperature at 7.1 and 40°C, respectively. With the goal to purify alpha amylase, 30-70% (NH4)2SO4 cut concentrated the amylase activity threefold with respect to crude fermented extract. This was verified in quantitative DNS assay method as well as in zymogram gel profile. The exact molecular weight of the amylase is yet to be determined with the aid of other protein purification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyangana Raul
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Tania Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Suchita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Shrayan Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
| | - Suvroma Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex, Purba Medinipur 721657, India
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Ajila CM, Brar SK, Verma M, Tyagi RD, Godbout S, Valéro JR. Bio-processing of agro-byproducts to animal feed. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 32:382-400. [PMID: 22380921 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.659172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural and food-industry residues constitute a major proportion (almost 30%) of worldwide agricultural production. These wastes mainly comprise lignocellulosic materials, fruit and vegetable wastes, sugar-industry wastes as well as animal and fisheries refuse and byproducts. Agro-residues are rich in many bioactive and nutraceutical compounds, such as polyphenolics, carotenoids and dietary fiber among others. Agro residues are a major valuable biomass and present potential solutions to problems of animal nutrition and the worldwide supply of protein and calories, if appropriate technologies can be used for their valorization by nutrient enrichment. Technologies available for protein enrichment of these wastes include solid substrate fermentation, ensiling, and high solid or slurry processes. Technologies to be developed for the reprocessing of these wastes need to take account of the peculiarities of individual wastes and the environment in which they are generated, reprocessed, and used. In particular, such technologies need to deliver products that are safe, not just for animal feed use, but also from the perspective of human feeding. This review focuses on the major current applications of solid-state fermentation in relation to the feed sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ajila
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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Characterization and application of a detergent-stable alkaline α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis strain AS-S01a. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:219-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Pancha I, Jain D, Shrivastav A, Mishra SK, Shethia B, Mishra S, V P M, Jha B. A thermoactive alpha-amylase from a Bacillus sp. isolated from CSMCRI salt farm. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 47:288-91. [PMID: 20417228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Amylases are the most important hydrolytic enzymes for starch-based industries. It is desirable that alpha-amylases should be active at high temperature of gelatinization (100-110 degrees C) and liquefaction (80-90 degrees C) to economize processes. Therefore, thermostable and thermoactive enzyme from natural bacterial strain would have wide industrial importance. In the present study a highly thermoactive and thermostable amylase producing Bacillus sp. was isolated from experimental salt farm of Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, yielding 452Uml(-1) amylase in medium containing (%) NaCl 0.5, peptone 0.5, beef extract 0.3, starch 1.0 at 37 degrees C, pH 7.0 after 48h of incubation. Maximum activity of amylase was observed at pH 8.0 and 110 degrees C temperature. The crude enzyme was highly active between pH 6.0 and 11.0 and observed to be active and thermostable after 30min of incubation at 60 degrees C. These properties indicated that the isolated alpha-amylase enzyme is suitable for starch liquefaction and other food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Pancha
- Salt Marine and Inorganic Chemicals, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364021, India
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A novel thermostable, acidophilic alpha-amylase from a new thermophilic "Bacillus sp. Ferdowsicous" isolated from Ferdows hot mineral spring in Iran: Purification and biochemical characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:289-97. [PMID: 20109486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the purification and characterization of a novel acidophile alpha-amylase from newly isolated Bacillus sp. Ferdowsicous. The enzyme displayed a molecular weight of 53 kDa and it was stable over a range of pH from 3.5 to 7 with an optimum around 4.5. The optimum temperature for activity was found to be around 70 degrees C and the enzyme remained active to more than 75% up to 75 degrees C for 45 min. The enzyme activity was decreased by Zn(2+)and EDTA but inhibited by Hg(2+), whereas the activity was increased by approximately 15% by Ba(2+) and Fe(2+). Na(+), Mg(2+), K(+), Ca(2+), PMSF, Triton X-100 and beta-mercaptoethanol had any considerable effect on its activity. The enzyme activity on the amylose as substrate was 1.98 times greater than amylopectin. Partial N-terminal sequencing demonstrated no significant similarity with other known alpha-amylases, indicating that the presented enzyme was new. Considering its promising properties, this enzyme can find potential applications in the food industry as well as in laundry detergents.
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Mukherjee AK, Borah M, Rai SK. To study the influence of different components of fermentable substrates on induction of extracellular α-amylase synthesis by Bacillus subtilis DM-03 in solid-state fermentation and exploration of feasibility for inclusion of α-amylase in laundry detergent formulations. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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