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Legorreta-Castañeda AJ, Guerra-Sánchez G, García-Gutiérrez K, Olicón-Hernández DR. Biotechnological insights into extracellular enzyme production by thermotolerant fungi from hot springs and caves: Morphology, pellets formation, and protease production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:536-552. [PMID: 38225871 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the thermotolerant fungal biodiversity in caves and hot springs, focusing on their potential for extracellular enzyme production, specifically proteases. Samples were collected from the Cardonal region in Hidalgo, Mexico, using three different isolation methods. The study characterizes the morphological diversity of the isolated fungi and identifies various genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, and Fusarium, based on morphology. The isolated fungi were screened for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes on solid media, with a particular emphasis on proteases due to their industrial significance. Among the 35 isolated fungi, 20 exhibited proteolytic activity, and 12 strains were identified as good protease producers based on enzymatic index values. The study also evaluated the formation of fungal pellets by proteolytic fungi and found certain strains to display significant pellet formation. Additionally, protease production was examined by fungal pellets in submerged cultures, with isolate 6 demonstrating the highest protease activity. The findings highlight the diverse thermotolerant fungal biodiversity in extreme environments, and emphasize their potential for enzymatic production. This research contributes to our understanding of fungal ecology and provides insights into the biotechnological applications of these enzymes. The study recommends further molecular investigations to enhance biodiversity studies in such extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Jazmín Legorreta-Castañeda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología de Hongos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología de Hongos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karina García-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología de Hongos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Dario Rafael Olicón-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología de Hongos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
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Takáčová A, Bajuszová M, Šimonovičová A, Šutý Š, Nosalj S. Biocoagulation of Dried Algae Chlorella sp. and Pellets of Aspergillus Niger in Decontamination Process of Wastewater, as a Presumed Source of Biofuel. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121282. [PMID: 36547615 PMCID: PMC9783253 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of microalgae represents a problematic part of the water decontamination process, in which most techniques are expensive and non-ecological. In the paper, we focus on the synergistic relationship between microscopic filamentous fungi and algal culture. In the process of decontamination of a model sample containing ammonium ions, efficient biocoagulation, resp. co-pelletization of dried algae Chlorella sp. and Aspergillus niger sensu stricto are shown. The microscopic filamentous fungus species A. niger was added to a culture of an algal suspension of Chlorella sp., where the adhesion of the algal cells to the fungi subsequently occurred due to the electrostatic effect of the interaction, while the flocculation activity was approximately 70 to 80%. The algal cells adhered to the surface of the A. niger pellets, making them easily removable from the solution. The ability of filamentous fungi to capture organisms represents a great potential for the biological isolation of microalgae (biocoagulation) from production solutions because microalgae are considered to be a promising renewable source of oil and fermentables for bioenergy. This form of algae removal, or its harvesting, also represents a great low-cost method for collecting algae not only as a way of removing unnecessary material but also for the purpose of producing biofuels. Algae are a robust bioabsorbent for absorbing lipids from the environment, which after treatment can be used as a component of biodiesel. Chemical analyses also presented potential ecological innovation in the area of biofuel production. Energy-efficient and eco-friendly harvesting techniques are crucial to improving the economic viability of algal biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alžbeta Takáčová
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miriama Bajuszová
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Šimonovičová
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Šutý
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology STU, Vazovová 5, 81243 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sanja Nosalj
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Adsul MG, Dixit P, Saini JK, Gupta RP, Ramakumar SSV, Mathur AS. Morphologically favorable mutant of Trichoderma reesei for low viscosity cellulase production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2167-2181. [PMID: 35470437 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite production by filamentous fungi hampered because of high viscosity generated during growth. Low viscosity fermentation by mold is one of the preferred ways of large scale enzymes production. Cellulolytic enzymes play a key role during the process of lignocellulosic biomass conversion. In this study a mutant RC-23-1 was isolated through mutagenesis (diethyl sulfate followed by UV) of T. reesei RUT-C30. RC-23-1 not only gave higher cellulase production but also generated lower viscosity during enzyme production. Viscosity of mutant growth was more than three times lower than parent strain. RC-23-1 shows unique, yeast like colony morphology on solid media and small pellet like growth in liquid media. This mutant did not spread like mold on solid media. This mutant produces cellulases constitutively when grown in sugars. Using only glucose, the cellulase production was 4.1 FPU/ml. Among polysaccharides (avicel, xylan and pectin), avicel gave maximum of 6.2 FPU/ml and pretreated biomass (rice straw, wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse) produced 5.1-5.8 FPU/ml. At 7L scale reactor, fed-batch process was designed for cellulase production using different carbon and nitrogen sources. Maximum yield of cellulases was 182 FPU/g of lactose consumed was observed in fed-batch process. The produced enzyme used for hydrolysis of acid pretreated rice straw (20% solid loading) and maximum of 60 % glucan conversion was observed. RC-23-1 mutant is good candidate for large scale cellulase production and could be a model strain to study mold to yeast-like transformation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund G Adsul
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Pooja Dixit
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Jitendra K Saini
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Ravi P Gupta
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - S S V Ramakumar
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
| | - Anshu S Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad, 121007, India
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Rühl M, Lange K, Kües U. Laccase production and pellet morphology of Coprinopsis cinerea transformants in liquid shake flask cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7849-7863. [PMID: 30032435 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Laccase production and pellet formation of transformants of Coprinopsis cinerea strain FA2222 of C. cinerea laccase gene lcc1 subcloned behind the gpdII-promoter from Agaricus bisporus were compared with a control transformant carrying no extra laccase gene. At the optimum growth temperature of 37 °C, maximal laccase yields of 2.9 U/ml were obtained by the best lcc1 transformant pYSK7-26 in liquid shake flask cultures. Reduction in temperature to 25 °C increased laccase yields up to 9.2 U/ml. The control transformant had no laccase activities at 37 °C but native activity at 25 °C (3.5 U/ml). Changing the temperature had severe effects on the morphology of the mycelial pellets formed during cultivation, but links of distinct pellet morphologies to native or recombinant laccase production could not be established. Automated image analysis was used to characterise pellet formation and morphological parameters (pellet area, diameter, convexity and mycelial structure). Cross sections of selected pellets showed that they differentiated in an outer rind and an inner medulla of loosened hyphae. Pellets at 25 °C had a small and dense outer zone and adopted with time a smooth surface. Pellets at 37 °C had a broader outer zone and a fringy surface due to generation of more and larger protuberances in the rind that when released can serve for production of further pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rühl
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.,Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Lange
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
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Veiter L, Rajamanickam V, Herwig C. The filamentous fungal pellet-relationship between morphology and productivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2997-3006. [PMID: 29473099 PMCID: PMC5852183 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are used for the production of a multitude of highly relevant biotechnological products like citric acid and penicillin. In submerged culture, fungi can either grow in dispersed form or as spherical pellets consisting of aggregated hyphal structures. Pellet morphology, process control and productivity are highly interlinked. On the one hand, process control in a bioreactor usually demands for compact and small pellets due to rheological issues. On the other hand, optimal productivity might be associated with less dense and larger morphology. Over the years, several publications have dealt with aforementioned relations within the confines of specific organisms and products. However, contributions which evaluate such interlinkages across several fungal species are scarce. For this purpose, we are looking into methods to manipulate fungal pellet morphology in relation to individual species and products. This review attempts to address (i) how variability of pellet morphology can be assessed and (ii) how morphology is linked to productivity. Firstly, the mechanism of pellet formation is outlined. Subsequently, the description and analysis of morphological variations are discussed to finally establish interlinkages between productivity, performance and morphology across different fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veiter
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria. .,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Cao W, Wang X, Sun S, Hu C, Zhao Y. Simultaneously upgrading biogas and purifying biogas slurry using cocultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and three different fungi under various mixed light wavelength and photoperiods. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:701-709. [PMID: 28618378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to purify biogas slurry and biogas simultaneously, three different fungi, Pleurotus geesteranus (P. geesteranus), Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), and Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus) were pelletized with Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The results showed that the optimal light wavelength ratio for red:blue was 5:5 for these three different fungi-assisted C. vulgaris, resulting in higher specific growth rate as well as nutrient and CO2 removal efficiency compared with other ratios. G. lucidum/C. vulgaris was screened as the best fungi-mialgae for biogas slurry purification and biogas upgrading with light/dark ratio of 14h:10h, which was also confirmed by the economic efficiency analysis of the energy consumptions. These results will provide a theoretical foundation for large-scale biogas slurry purifying and biogas upgrading using microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Cao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shanghai Public Green Space Construction Affairs Center, Shanghai 201100, PR China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
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Sen SK, Raut S, Bandyopadhyay P, Raut S. Fungal decolouration and degradation of azo dyes: A review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Diffusional and transcriptional mechanisms involved in laccases production by Pleurotus ostreatus CP50. J Biotechnol 2016; 223:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Filamentous fungi play an important role not only in the bio-manufacturing of value-added products, but also in bioenergy and environmental research. The bioprocess manipulation of filamentous fungi is more difficult than that of other microbial species because of their different pellet morphologies and the presence of tangled mycelia under different cultivation conditions. Fungal pellets, which have the advantages of harvest ease, low fermentation broth viscosity and high yield of some proteins, have been used for a long time. Many attempts have been made to establish the relationship between pellet and product yield using quantitative approaches. Fungal pellet formation is attributed to the combination of electrostatic interactions, hydrophobicity and specific interactions from spore wall components. Electrostatic interactions result from van der Waals forces and negative charge repulsion from carboxyl groups in the spore wall structure. Electrostatic interactions are also affected by counter-ions (cations) and the physiologic conditions of spores that modify the carboxyl groups. Fungal aggregates are promoted by the hydrophobicity generated by hydrophobins, which form a hydrophobic coat that covers the spore. The specific interactions of spore wall components contribute to spore aggregation through salt bridging. A model of spore aggregation was proposed based on these forces. Additionally, some challenges were addressed, including the limitations of research techniques, the quantitative determination of forces and the complex information of biological systems, to clarify the mechanism of fungal pellet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- a School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology and
| | - Jining Zhang
- b Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , China
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Microalgae Harvest through Fungal Pelletization—Co-Culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus niger. ENERGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/en7074417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Review of Microalgae Harvesting via Co-Pelletization with Filamentous Fungus. ENERGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/en6115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hai FI, Yamamoto K, Nakajima F, Fukushi K, Nghiem LD, Price WE, Jin B. Degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 in a membrane bioreactor by pellets and attached growth of Coriolus versicolour. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:29-34. [PMID: 23499176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically compare the degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 by spongy pellets and attached biofilm of Coriolus versicolour (NBRC 9791) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) under non-sterile conditions. Mild stirring (35 rpm) resulted in spherical (φ=0.5 cm), spongy pellets and concomitantly triggered high enzymatic activity of the fungus, allowing for excellent decolouration (>99%) of a synthetic wastewater containing the dye. However, bacterial contamination eventually damaged the fungus pellets, leading to decreased decolouration efficiency. Promotion of attached growth on a plastic support along with formation of spherical spongy pellets allowed maintenance of high enzymatic activity and decolouration/degradation for an extended period. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) could influence the level of enzymatic activity and decolouration; however, even at the shortest HRT (1 day) examined, the MBR could accomplish >95% decolouration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
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Rønnest NP, Stocks SM, Lantz AE, Gernaey KV. Comparison of laser diffraction and image analysis for measurement of Streptomyces coelicolor cell clumps and pellets. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1465-73. [PMID: 22538546 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Morphology is important in industrial processes involving filamentous organisms because it affects the mixing and mass transfer and can be linked to productivity. Image analysis provides detailed information about the morphology but, in practice, it is often laborious including both collection of high quality images and image processing. Laser diffraction is rapid and fully automatic and provides a volume-weighted distribution of the particle sizes. However, it is based on a number of assumptions that do not always apply to samples. We have evaluated laser diffraction to measure cell clumps and pellets of Streptomyces coelicolor compare to image analysis. Samples, taken five times during fed-batch cultivation, were analyzed by image analysis and laser diffraction. The volume-weighted size distribution was calculated for each sample. Laser diffraction and image analysis yielded similar size distributions, i.e. unimodal or bimodal distributions. Both techniques produced similar estimations of the population means, whereas the estimates of the standard deviations were generally higher using laser diffraction compared to image analysis. Therefore, laser diffraction measurements are high quality and the technique may be useful when rapid measurements of filamentous cell clumps and pellets are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Petersen Rønnest
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Enhanced enzyme production with the pelleted form of D. squalens in laboratory bioreactors using added natural lignin inducer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:449-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
White-rot fungi are extensively used in various submerged biotechnology processes to produce ligninolytic enzymes. Transfer of the process from the laboratory to the industrial level requires optimization of the cultivation conditions on the laboratory scale. An interesting area of optimization is pellet growth since this morphological form solves problems such as the decreased oxygen concentration, limited heat, and nutrient transport, which usually occur in dispersed mycelium cultures. Many submerged fermentations with basidiomycetes in pellet form were done with Phanerochaete, Trametes, and Bjerkandera species, among others. In our study, another promising basidiomycete, D. squalens, was used for ligninolytic enzyme production. With the addition of wood particles (sawdust) as a natural inducer and optimization of mixing and aeration conditions in laboratory stirred tank (STR) and bubble column (BCR) reactors on pellet growth and morphology, the secretion of laccase and the manganese-dependent peroxidase into the medium was substantially enhanced. The maximum mean pellet radius was achieved after 10 days in the BCR (5.1 mm) where pellets were fluffy and 5 days in the STR (3.5 mm) where they were round and smooth. The maximum Lac activity (1,882 U l−1) was obtained after 12 days in the STR, while maximum MnP activity (449.8 U l−1) occurred after 18 days in the BCR. The pellet size and morphology depended on the agitation and aeration conditions and consequently influenced a particular enzyme synthesis. The enzyme activities were high and comparable with the activities found for other investigations in reactors with basidiomycetes in the form of pellets.
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Biswas R, Sahai V, Mishra S, Bisaria VS. Bioprocess strategies for enhanced production of xylanase by Melanocarpus albomyces IITD3A on agro-residual extract. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:702-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Effect of volumetric power input by aeration and agitation on pellet morphology and product formation of Aspergillus niger. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Zhao X, Bai F. Yeast flocculation: New story in fuel ethanol production. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:849-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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A novel multi-stage preculture strategy of Rhizopus oryzae ME-F12 for fumaric acid production in a stirred-tank reactor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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