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Kselíková V, Singh A, Bialevich V, Čížková M, Bišová K. Improving microalgae for biotechnology - From genetics to synthetic biology - Moving forward but not there yet. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 58:107885. [PMID: 34906670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that can be exploited for the production of different compounds, ranging from crude biomass and biofuels to high value-added biochemicals and synthetic proteins. Traditionally, algal biotechnology relies on bioprospecting to identify new highly productive strains and more recently, on forward genetics to further enhance productivity. However, it has become clear that further improvements in algal productivity for biotechnology is impossible without combining traditional tools with the arising molecular genetics toolkit. We review recent advantages in developing high throughput screening methods, preparing genome-wide mutant libraries, and establishing genome editing techniques. We discuss how algae can be improved in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, biofuel and high value-added compound production. Finally, we critically evaluate developments over recent years and explore future potential in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kselíková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anjali Singh
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Vitali Bialevich
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Čížková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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Stimulation of Hydrogen Photoproduction in Chlorella sorokiniana Subjected to Simultaneous Nitrogen Limitation and Sulfur- and/or Phosphorus-Deprivation. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Deamici KM, Santos LO, Costa JAV. Magnetic field action on outdoor and indoor cultures of Spirulina: Evaluation of growth, medium consumption and protein profile. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:168-174. [PMID: 29040851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating whether a magnetic field (MF) affects the growth of Spirulina sp. when applied to it at different exposure times in indoor and outdoor culture systems. The effects of MF on chlorophyll content, medium consumption and protein profile were also investigated. In raceway tanks, a 25 mT MF was applied for 24 h or for 1 h d-1. MF for 24 h to outdoor assays increased biomass concentration and chlorophyll-a content besides altering the protein profile. Outdoor Spirulina growth was higher (∼3.65 g L-1) than the growth found in indoor assays (∼1.80 g L-1), while nitrogen and phosphorus consumption was not enhanced by the application of MF. This is the first study that investigated the influence of MF on outdoor microalga assays, and the results showed that MF affected the metabolism of Spirulina cultured in raceways, especially when it was grown outdoors in uncontrolled environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kricelle Mosquera Deamici
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielen Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Freitas BCB, Morais MG, Costa JAV. Chlorella minutissima cultivation with CO 2 and pentoses: Effects on kinetic and nutritional parameters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:338-344. [PMID: 28780268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CO2 emissions and the large quantity of lignocellulosic waste generated by industrialized nations constitute problems that may affect human health as well as the global economy. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of using CO2 and pentoses on the growth, protein profile, carbohydrate content and potential ethanol production by fermentation of Chlorella minutissima biomass. CO2 and pentose supplementation can induce changes in the microalgal protein profile. A biomass production of 1.84g.L-1 and a CO2 biofixation rate of 274.63mg.L-1.d-1 were obtained with the use of 20% (v.v-1) CO2. For cultures with 20% (v.v-1) CO2 and reduced nitrogen, the carbohydrate content was 52.3% (w.w-1), and theoretically, 33.9mL.100g-1 of ethanol can be produced. These results demonstrate that C. minutissima cultured with the combined use of CO2 and pentoses generates a biomass with high bioenergetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C B Freitas
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - M G Morais
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - J A V Costa
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Bayro-Kaiser V, Nelson N. Microalgal hydrogen production: prospects of an essential technology for a clean and sustainable energy economy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:49-62. [PMID: 28239761 PMCID: PMC5500669 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern energy production is required to undergo a dramatic transformation. It will have to replace fossil fuel use by a sustainable and clean energy economy while meeting the growing world energy needs. This review analyzes the current energy sector, available energy sources, and energy conversion technologies. Solar energy is the only energy source with the potential to fully replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a crucial energy carrier for ensuring energy availability across the globe. The importance of photosynthetic hydrogen production for a solar-powered hydrogen economy is highlighted and the development and potential of this technology are discussed. Much successful research for improved photosynthetic hydrogen production under laboratory conditions has been reported, and attempts are underway to develop upscale systems. We suggest that a process of integrating these achievements into one system to strive for efficient sustainable energy conversion is already justified. Pursuing this goal may lead to a mature technology for industrial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Bayro-Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Freitas BCB, Esquível MG, Matos RG, Arraiano CM, Morais MG, Costa JAV. Nitrogen balancing and xylose addition enhances growth capacity and protein content in Chlorella minutissima cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:129-133. [PMID: 27359061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the metabolic changes in Chlorella minutissima cells grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions and with the addition of xylose. The cell density, maximum photochemical efficiency, and chlorophyll and lipid levels were measured. The expression of two photosynthetic proteins, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the beta subunit (AtpB) of adenosine triphosphate synthase, were measured. Comparison of cells grown in medium with a 50% reduction in the nitrogen concentration versus the traditional medium solution revealed that the cells grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions exhibited an increased growth rate, higher maximum cell density (12.7×10(6)cellsmL(-1)), optimal PSII efficiency (0.69) and decreased lipid level (25.08%). This study has taken the first steps toward protein detection in Chlorella minutissima, and the results can be used to optimize the culturing of other microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C B Freitas
- College of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - M G Esquível
- Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food - LEAF Centre, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R G Matos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - C M Arraiano
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M G Morais
- College of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - J A V Costa
- College of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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van Niel EWJ. Biological Processes for Hydrogen Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 156:155-193. [PMID: 27277394 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Methane is produced usually from organic waste in a straightforward anaerobic digestion process. However, hydrogen production is technically more challenging as more stages are needed to convert all biomass to hydrogen because of thermodynamic constraints. Nevertheless, the benefit of hydrogen is that it can be produced, both biologically and thermochemically, in more than one way from either organic compounds or water. Research in biological hydrogen production is booming, as reflected by the myriad of recently published reviews on the topic. This overview is written from the perspective of how to transfer as much energy as possible from the feedstock into the gaseous products hydrogen, and to a lesser extent, methane. The status and remaining challenges of all the biological processes are concisely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed W J van Niel
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Antal TK, Krendeleva TE, Tyystjärvi E. Multiple regulatory mechanisms in the chloroplast of green algae: relation to hydrogen production. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:357-81. [PMID: 25986411 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A complex regulatory network in the chloroplast of green algae provides an efficient tool for maintenance of energy and redox balance in the cell under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional organizations of electron transport pathways in the chloroplast, and regulation of photosynthesis in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The focus is on the regulatory mechanisms induced in response to nutrient deficiency stress and anoxia and especially on the role of a hydrogenase-mediated reaction in adaptation to highly reducing conditions and ATP deficiency in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras K Antal
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorobyevi Gory, Moscow, 119992, Russia,
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Zhang L, He M, Liu J, Li L. Role of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway in hydrogen photoproduction in Chlorella protothecoides. PLANTA 2015; 241:1005-1014. [PMID: 25544543 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The AOX pathway in C. protothecoides plays an important role in the photoprotection of PSII by alleviating the inhibition of the repair of the photodamaged PSII during H2 photoproduction. We had demonstrated that nitrogen limitation (LN) substantially enhanced H2 photoproduction in Chlorella protothecoides. In the present study, the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway capacity was found to increase significantly during H2 photoproduction under LN or under LN simultaneously with sulfur deprivation (LNS) conditions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the AOX pathway during H2 photoproduction in C. protothecoides. The AOX pathway can affect H2 photoproduction in the following ways: (1) consuming O2, which is favorable for the establishment of anaerobiosis; (2) consuming NADPH and competing with hydrogenase for photosynthetic electrons, which would decrease the H2 photoproduction; (3) protecting photosystem (PS) II, which is a direct electron source for H2 photoproduction, from photoinhibition. In LN and LNS cultures, the inhibition of the AOX pathway reduced the H2 photoproduction significantly, and did not increase the amount of O2. But, the inhibition of the AOX pathway decreased the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v/F m) and the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Φ PSII) significantly, leading to photoinhibition, which would decrease the photosynthetic electrons transferred to hydrogenase. And, the inhibition of the AOX pathway did not change the level of photoinhibition in the presence of D1 protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol, indicating that the inhibition of the AOX pathway did not accelerate the photodamage to PSII directly but inhibited the repair of the photodamaged PSII. Therefore, the mitochondrial AOX pathway in C. protothecoides plays an important role in the photoprotection of PSII by alleviating the inhibition of the repair of the photodamaged PSII during H2 photoproduction, which is thus able to supply more electrons to hydrogenase under LN and LNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Torzillo G, Scoma A, Faraloni C, Giannelli L. Advances in the biotechnology of hydrogen production with the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:485-96. [PMID: 24754449 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological hydrogen production is being evaluated for use as a fuel, since it is a promising substitute for carbonaceous fuels owing to its high conversion efficiency and high specific energy content. The basic advantages of biological hydrogen production over other "green" energy sources are that it does not compete for agricultural land use, and it does not pollute, as water is the only by-product of the combustion. These characteristics make hydrogen a suitable fuel for the future. Among several biotechnological approaches, photobiological hydrogen production carried out by green microalgae has been intensively investigated in recent years. A select group of photosynthetic organisms has evolved the ability to harness light energy to drive hydrogen gas production from water. Of these, the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is considered one of the most promising eukaryotic H2 producers. In this model microorganism, light energy, H2O and H2 are linked by two excellent catalysts, the photosystem 2 (PSII) and the [FeFe]-hydrogenase, in a pathway usually referred to as direct biophotolysis. This review summarizes the main advances made over the past decade as an outcome of the discovery of the sulfur-deprivation process. Both the scientific and technical barriers that need to be overcome before H2 photoproduction can be scaled up to an industrial level are examined. Actual and theoretical limits of the efficiency of the process are also discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on algal biohydrogen production outdoors, and guidelines for an optimal photobioreactor design are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Torzillo
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Alberto Scoma
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy .,b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile , Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali , Via Terracini , Bologna , Italy , and
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Luca Giannelli
- a Sede di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano, Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy .,c Department of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
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Plecenikova A, Mages W, Andrésson ÓS, Hrossova D, Valuchova S, Vlcek D, Slaninova M. Studies on Recombination Processes in two Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Endogenous Genes, NIT1 and ARG7. Protist 2013; 164:570-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sudhani HPK, García-Murria MJ, Moreno J. Reversible inhibition of CO2 fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase through the synergic effect of arsenite and a monothiol. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1160-1170. [PMID: 23216059 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the photosynthetic carbon-fixing enzyme, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), is partially inhibited by arsenite in the millimolar concentration range. However, micromolar arsenite can fully inhibit Rubisco in the presence of a potentiating monothiol such as cysteine, cysteamine, 2-mercaptoethanol or N-acetylcysteine, but not glutathione. Arsenite reacts specifically with the vicinal Cys172-Cys192 from the large subunit of Rubisco and with the monothiol to establish a ternary complex, which is suggested to be a trithioarsenical. The stability of the complex is strongly dependent on the nature of the monothiol. Enzyme activity is fully recovered through the disassembly of the complex after eliminating arsenite and/or the thiol from the medium. The synergic combination of arsenite and a monothiol acts also in vivo stopping carbon dioxide fixation in illuminated cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Again, this effect may be reverted by washing the cells. However, in vivo inhibition does not result from the blocking of Rubisco since mutant strains carrying Rubiscos with Cys172 and/or Cys192 substitutions (which are insensitive to arsenite in vitro) are also arrested. This suggests the existence of a specific sensor controlling carbon fixation that is even more sensitive than Rubisco to the arsenite-thiol synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth P K Sudhani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, E-46100, Spain
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Rubisco mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enhance photosynthetic hydrogen production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5635-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Increased photosystem II stability promotes H2 production in sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7223-8. [PMID: 23589846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220645110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiological H2 production is an attractive option for renewable solar fuels. Sulfur-deprived cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been shown to produce hydrogen with the highest efficiency among photobiological systems. We have investigated the photosynthetic reactions during sulfur deprivation and H2 production in the wild-type and state transition mutant 6 (Stm6) mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The incubation period (130 h) was dissected into different phases, and changes in the amount and functional status of photosystem II (PSII) were investigated in vivo by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and variable fluorescence measurements. In the wild type it was found that the amount of PSII is decreased to 25% of the original level; the electron transport from PSII was completely blocked during the anaerobic phase preceding H2 formation. This block was released during the H2 production phase, indicating that the hydrogenase withdraws electrons from the plastoquinone pool. This partly removes the block in PSII electron transport, thereby permitting electron flow from water oxidation to hydrogenase. In the Stm6 mutant, which has higher respiration and H2 evolution than the wild type, PSII was analogously but much less affected. The addition of the PSII inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea revealed that ∼80% of the H2 production was inhibited in both strains. We conclude that (i) at least in the earlier stages, most of the electrons delivered to the hydrogenase originate from water oxidation by PSII, (ii) a faster onset of anaerobiosis preserves PSII from irreversible photoinhibition, and (iii) mutants with enhanced respiratory activity should be considered for better photobiological H2 production.
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Efficient H2 production via Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kontur WS, Noguera DR, Donohue TJ. Maximizing reductant flow into microbial H2 production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:382-9. [PMID: 22036711 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing microbes into a sustainable source of hydrogen gas (H2) will require maximizing intracellular reductant flow toward the H2-producing enzymes. Recent attempts to increase H2 production in dark fermentative bacteria include increasing oxidation of organic substrates through metabolic engineering and expression of exogenous hydrogenases. In photofermentative bacteria, H2 production can be increased by minimizing reductant flow into competing pathways such as biomass formation and the Calvin cycle. One method of directing reductant toward H2 production being investigated in oxygenic phototrophs, which could potentially be applied to other H2-producing organisms, is the tethering of electron donors and acceptors, such as hydrogenase and photosystem I, to create new intermolecular electron transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne S Kontur
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
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Burgess SJ, Tamburic B, Zemichael F, Hellgardt K, Nixon PJ. Solar-driven hydrogen production in green algae. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2011; 75:71-110. [PMID: 21807246 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387046-9.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The twin problems of energy security and global warming make hydrogen an attractive alternative to traditional fossil fuels with its combustion resulting only in the release of water vapor. Biological hydrogen production represents a renewable source of the gas and can be performed by a diverse range of microorganisms from strict anaerobic bacteria to eukaryotic green algae. Compared to conventional methods for generating H(2), biological systems can operate at ambient temperatures and pressures without the need for rare metals and could potentially be coupled to a variety of biotechnological processes ranging from desalination and waste water treatment to pharmaceutical production. Photobiological hydrogen production by microalgae is particularly attractive as the main inputs for the process (water and solar energy) are plentiful. This chapter focuses on recent developments in solar-driven H(2) production in green algae with emphasis on the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We review the current methods used to achieve sustained H(2) evolution and discuss possible approaches to improve H(2) yields, including the optimization of culturing conditions, reducing light-harvesting antennae and targeting auxiliary electron transport and fermentative pathways that compete with the hydrogenase for reductant. Finally, industrial scale-up is discussed in the context of photobioreactor design and the future prospects of the field are considered within the broader context of a biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Burgess
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Antal TK, Krendeleva TE, Rubin AB. Acclimation of green algae to sulfur deficiency: underlying mechanisms and application for hydrogen production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:3-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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