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Urgessa OE, Koyamo R, Dinka H, Tefese K, Gemeda MT. Review on Desirable Microbial Phytases as a Poultry Feed Additive: Their Sources, Production, Enzymatic Evaluation, Market Size, and Regulation. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:9400374. [PMID: 38962397 PMCID: PMC11221984 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9400374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry's digestive tract lacks hydrolytic phytase enzymes, which results in chelation of dietary minerals, vital amino acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, phytate-phosphate unavailability, and contamination of the environment due to phosphorus. Therefore, it is necessary to use exogenous microbial phytases as feed additive to chicken feed to catalyze the hydrolysis of dietary phytate. Potential sources of microbial isolates that produce desired phytases for chicken feed supplementation have been isolated from agricultural croplands. It is achievable to isolate phytase-producing bacteria isolates using both broth and agar phytase screening media. Potential substrates for submerged fermentation (SmF) for bacterial phytase production and solid-state fermentation (SSF) for fungal phytase production include rice and wheat bran. Following fermentation, saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation is typically used to partially purify microbial culture filtrate. The precipitate is then desalted. Measurements of the pH optimum and stability, temperature optimum and stability, metal ions stability, specificity and affinity to target substrate, proteolysis resistance, storage stability, and in vitro feed dephosphorylation are used to perform an enzymatic evaluation of phytase as an additive for poultry feed. The growth of the feed phytase market is primarily due to the expansion of chicken farms to meet the demand for meat and eggs from humans. The Food and Drug Administration in the USA and the European Food and Safety Authority are primarily in charge of putting rules pertaining to feed phytase use in chicken feed into effect. Conclusively, important components of the production of phytase additives for poultry feed include identifying a reliable source for potential microbe isolation, selecting an economical method of phytase production, thoroughly characterizing the biochemical properties of phytase, and comprehending the size and regulation of the current feed phytase market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olyad Erba Urgessa
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Rufael Koyamo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia
| | - Hunduma Dinka
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Ketema Tefese
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tafesse Gemeda
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Elkhateeb YAM, Fadel M. Bioinformatic Studies, Experimental Validation of Phytase Production and Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Enhancing Phytase Enzyme Production by Different Microorganisms under Solid-State Fermentation. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Phytase is an essential enzyme necessary for the digestive process. It is a natural enzyme found in plant materials. It prevents bad effect of phytic acid on protein and energy utilization. Phytase frees the bound minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium and manganese from the phytic acid molecule providing essential minerals available for healthy nutrition. This study depends on converting food processing waste into highly valuable products. Optimizing the fermentation conditions for enhancing high phytase production with low cost was the objective of this research.
Methods:
A bibliographical survey was carried out to select the most fungul producers of phytase from fungal species deposited in NCBI database. Phytases of the selected organisms were analyzed in the UNIPROT database and their protein sequences were submitted to multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega and visualized using Jalview program. Experimental studies using five fungal strains of Aspergillus.ssp on wheat bran under Solid-State Fermentation carried out. Comparisons were made for phytase production. A. awamori NRC- F18 as the best phytase producer-strain cultured on different types of treated wastes followed by optimizing the fermentation conditions for enhancing phytase production using rice straw as the best substrate, which provides the highest phytase production. Thermostability of crude enzyme was studied. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS at P < 0.05 or P < 0.01.
Results:
Bioinformatic studies predicted the most producer species and explained the difference in activity of phytases produced from different species, although they have the same function. All phytases of the selected fungal species from the database NCBI have highly conserved amino acid sequences; there are 88 identical positions; 135 similar positions, but the identity percentage was 16.858%. Experimental studies using five fungal strains of Aspergillus ssp. on wheat bran revealed optimum conditions for phytase production by A. awamori NRC- F18, which cultured on different types of treated wastes. A considerably higher phytase production was obtained using rice straw as substrate 424.66± 2.92 IU /g at pH 6 (371.883± 0.822 IU /g), after 144 hrs of incubation at 30°C. The maximum enzyme activity observed when solid: moisture was 1:4; Inoculum concentration 2mg/5g (418.363± 16.709 IU /g) and substrate concentration 4.5% (277.39± 12.05 IU /g). Glucose and Ammonium acetate were the best carbon and nitrogen sources that enhanced phytase production from A. awamori NRC- F18. The obtained phytase was found to be thermostable and the maximum temperature at which phytase still active was 80°C.
Conclusion:
Bioinformatic studies predicted the most producer species. Experimental study revealed that A.awamori NRC- F18 was the best Phytase -producer strain. Solid state fermentation was a good method; pretreatment of agriculture residues as rice straw was useful for less expensive phytase production, which was thermostable. A. awamori NRC- F18 can be used in the industrial production of phytase.
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Kumari N, Bansal S. Production and characterization of a novel, thermotolerant fungal phytase from agro-industrial byproducts for cattle feed. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:865-879. [PMID: 33387113 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of phytases helps in releasing bound phosphorus and other nutrients in cattle feed eventually reducing the need for supplementations. However, high production cost owing to the unavailability of cheaper sources of phytases has limited their usage in developing countries. Herein, firstly isolation, identification of a phytase from fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger NT7 was carried out followed by optimizing of all production parameters, through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Secondly, crude phytase was characterized and potential applicability of crude phytase was evaluated for dephytinization of wheat bran. RESULTS The highest phytase production (208.30 ± 0.22 U/gds) was achieved using wheat bran as cheap agro-industrial substrate for SSF. The various physiological parameters were optimized including inoculum age and level (3-day old inoculum and 15 × 107 spores/ml), temperature (35 °C), a moistening agent (distilled water), medium pH (5), and supplementation of various biochemicals like sugar (Mannitol), nitrogen (ammonium sulphate) and detergent (Tween 80). Process optimization through one variable at a time (OVAT) approach increased the difference in productivity to more than 200%. The crude phytase of A. niger NT7 was thermostable, with optimal activity at 60 °C and also displayed optimal activity over a broad range of acidic pH. Further, enhancement in phytase activity was found specifically in the presence of Ca2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ ions, while other metal ions including Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Mg2+and Cu2+ inhibited its activity. Finally, the phytase showed efficient and sustained release of inorganic phosphate, proteins, and reducing sugars (> 60 h) from livestock feed. CONCLUSION Overall, our report highlights the production of an efficient and thermotolerant phytase with potential as a low-cost animal feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi: Current Perspective and Future Need for Agricultural Sustainability. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bioprocessing of Agricultural Residues as Substrates and Optimal Conditions for Phytase Production of Chestnut Mushroom, Pholiota adiposa, in Solid State Fermentation. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040384. [PMID: 33371491 PMCID: PMC7767570 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase is an enzyme that breaks down phytates to release phosphorus in an available form. This enzyme plays an important role in animals, especially monogastric animals. It serves to improve phytate digestion along with phosphorus absorption, which are required for optimal growth performance and health. In this study, five mushroom species (Amauroderma rugosum SDBR-CMU-A83, Ganoderma mastoporum SDBR-CMU-NK0244, Marusmius sp.1 SDBR-CMU-NK0215, Pholiota adiposa SDBR-CMU-R32 and Piptoporellus triqueter SDBR-CMU-P234) out of 27 mushroom species displayed positive phytase production by agar plate assay. Consequently, these five mushroom species were selected for determination of their potential ability to produce phytase under solid-state fermentation using five agricultural residues (coffee parchment, oil palm empty fruit bunches, rice bran, sawdust, and water hyacinth) as substrates. The highest yield of phytase production (17.02 ± 0.92 units/gram dry substrate) was obtained after one week of fermentation. Optimization for phytase production was determined by statistical approaches using a Plackett-Burman design to screen ten parameters of relevant substrate components. Two significant parameters, the amount of water hyacinth and the moisture content, were found to affect the production process of phytase. Furthermore, the optimal temperature, pH value, and fermentation period were evaluated. The results indicated that the highest degree of phytase production at 53.66 ± 1.68 units/gram dry substrate (3.15-fold increase) was obtained in water hyacinth containing 85% moisture content by addition with a suitable basal liquid medium at a pH value of 6.5 after being incubated at 30 °C for seven days. The crude phytase of P. adiposa was precipitated and the precipitated extract was then used to determine partial characterizations. The precipitated extract displayed high activities after exposure to conditions of 42 °C and pH 5.0. Furthermore, Fe2+ enhanced phytase activity and precipitated extract displayed the best stability at a pH value of 8.0 and a temperature of 4 °C.
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Kalkan SO, Bozcal E, Hames Tuna EE, Uzel A. Characterisation of a thermostable and proteolysis resistant phytase from Penicillium polonicum MF82 associated with the marine sponge Phorbas sp. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1785434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saban Orcun Kalkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Bozcal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Esin Hames Tuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Atac Uzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Probiotic properties of a phytase producing Pediococcus acidilactici strain SMVDUDB2 isolated from traditional fermented cheese product, Kalarei. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1926. [PMID: 32024895 PMCID: PMC7002416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional challenge faced by the monogastric animals due to the chelation effects of phytic acid, fuel the research on bioprospecting of probiotics for phytase production. Pediococcus acidilactici SMVDUDB2 isolated from Kalarei, exhibited extracellular phytase activity of 5.583 U/mL after statistical optimization of fermentation conditions viz. peptone (1.27%); temperature (37 °C); pH (6.26) and maltose (1.43%). The phytase enzyme possessed optimum pH and temperature of 5.5 and 37 °C, respectively and was thermostable at 60 °C. The enzyme was purified 6.42 fold with a specific activity of 245.12 U/mg with hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzyme had Km and Vmax values of 0.385 mM and 4.965 μmol/min respectively, with sodium phytate as substrate. The strain depicted more than 80% survival rate at low pH (pH 2.0, 3.0), high bile salt concentration (0.3 and 0.5%), after gastrointestinal transit, highest hydrophobicity affinity with ethyl acetate (33.33 ± 0%), autoaggregation (77.68 ± 0.68%) as well as coaggregation (73.57 ± 0.47%) with Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160). The strain exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121), Mycobacterium smegmatis (MTCC 994), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 426), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1652) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MTCC 1408). The amount of exopolysaccharide produced by the strain was 2 g/L. This strain having the capability of phytate degradation and possessing probiotic traits could find application in food and feed sectors.
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Characteristics of an Acidic Phytase from Aspergillus aculeatus APF1 for Dephytinization of Biofortified Wheat Genotypes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:679-694. [PMID: 31845197 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytases are the special class of enzymes which have excellent application potential for enhancing the quality of food by decreasing its inherent anti-nutrient components. In current study, a protease-resistant, acidic phytase from Aspergillus aculeatus APF1 was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography techniques. The molecular weight of partially purified phytase was in range of 25-35 kDa. The purified APF1 phytase was biochemically characterized and found catalytically active at pH 3.0 and 50 °C. The Km and Vmax values of APF1 phytase for calcium phytate were 3.21 mM and 3.78 U/mg protein, respectively. Variable activity was observed with metal ions and among inhibitors, chaotropic agents and organic solvents; phenyl glyoxal, potassium iodide, and butanol inhibited enzyme activity, respectively, while the enzyme activity was not majorly influenced by EDTA, urea, ethanol, and hexane. APF1 phytase treatment was found effective in dephytinization of flour biofortified wheat genotypes. Maximum decrease in phytic acid content was noticed in genotype MB-16-1-4 (89.98%) followed by PRH3-30-3 (82.32%) and PRH3-43-1 (81.47%). Overall, the study revealed that phytase from Aspergillus aculeatus APF1 could be effectively used in food and feed processing industry for enhancing nutritional value of food.
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Coutinho TC, Tardioli PW, Farinas CS. Phytase Immobilization on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Improves Its Properties for Use in Animal Feed. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:270-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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de Oliveira Ornela PH, Souza Guimarães LH. Purification and characterization of an alkalistable phytase produced by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus in submerged fermentation. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ajith S, Ghosh J, Shet D, ShreeVidhya S, Punith BD, Elangovan AV. Partial purification and characterization of phytase from Aspergillus foetidus MTCC 11682. AMB Express 2019; 9:3. [PMID: 30610388 PMCID: PMC6320329 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase is a phosphatase enzyme widely used as feed additive to release inorganic phosphorus from plant phytate and enhance its uptake in monogastric animals. Although engineered fungal phytases are used most, a natural enzyme gives opportunity to understand novel properties, if any. In the current study, a novel fungal strain, Aspergillus foetidus MTCC 11682 was immobilized on poly urethane cubes and used for phytase production, purification and molecular characterization. Phytase produced by this method was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephacryl S-200HR gel filtration to 23.4-fold (compared to crude extract) with recovery of 13% protein. Electrophoresis analysis revealed that phytase has molecular weight of 90.5 kDa on non-reducing and 129.6 kDa on reducing SDS-PAGE. The purified phytase exhibited a wider pH and temperature stability. Analysis of the cloned sequence showed that the gene has 1176 bp that encodes for a peptide of 391 amino acids of the core catalytic region. It was also found that phytase from A. foetidus has a sequence identity of 99% with the phytase gene of other Aspergillus species at nucleotide level and 100% at protein level in A. niger, A. awamori, A. oryzae. In silico analysis of sequence identified the presence of two consecutive and one non-consecutive intra chain disulfide bonds in the phytase. This probably contributed to the differential migration of phytase on reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE. There are predicted 11 O-glycosylation sites and 8 N-glycosylation sites, possibly contributed to an enhanced stability of enzyme produced by this organism. This study opened up a new horizon for exploring the novel properties of phytase for other applications.
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Neira-Vielma AA, Aguilar CN, Ilyina A, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Carneiro-da-Cunha MDG, Michelena-Álvarez G, Martínez-Hernández JL. Purification and biochemical characterization of an Aspergillus niger phytase produced by solid-state fermentation using triticale residues as substrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 17:49-54. [PMID: 29379768 PMCID: PMC5773450 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an extracellular phytase produced by Aspergillus niger 7A-1, was biochemically characterized for possible industrial application. The enzyme was purified from a crude extract obtained by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of triticale waste. The extract was obtained by microfiltration, ultrafiltration (300, 100 and 30 kDa) and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 89 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified enzyme was most active at pH 5.3 and 56 °C, and retained 50% activity over a wide pH range of 4 to 7. The enzymatic thermostability assay showed that the enzyme retained more than 70% activity at 80 °C for 60 s, 40% activity for 120 s and 9% after 300 s. The phytase showed broad substrate specificity, a Km value of 220 μM and Vmax of 25 μM/min. The purified phytase retained 50% of its activity with phosphorylated compounds such as phenyl phosphate, 1-Naphthyl phosphate, 2-Naphthyl phosphate, p-Nitrophenyl phosphate and Glycerol-2-phosphate. The inhibition of phytase activity by metal ions was observed to be drastically inhibited (50%) by Ca++ and was slightly inhibited (10%) by Ni++, K+, and Na+, at 10 and 20 mM concentrations. A positive effect was obtained with Mg++, Mn++, Cu++, Cd++ and Ba++ at 25 and 35% with stimulatory effect on the phytase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Neira-Vielma
- Group of Bioprocesses, Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México, México.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, CEP 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Group of Bioprocesses, Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México, México
| | - Anna Ilyina
- Cuerpo Académico de Nanobiociencias, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
| | - Juan C Contreras-Esquivel
- Group of Bioprocesses, Food Research Dept. School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México, México
| | | | - Georgina Michelena-Álvarez
- Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de Azúcar (ICIDCA), Vía Blanca #804 y Carretera Central, Zona postal 10, código 11 000, San Miguel del Padrón Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - José L Martínez-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico de Nanobiociencias, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza S/N. Col. República, CP 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, México
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Boukhris I, Farhat-Khemakhem A, Bouchaala K, Virolle MJ, Chouayekh H. Cloning and characterization of the first actinomycete β-propeller phytase fromStreptomycessp. US42. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1080-1089. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Boukhris
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax; University of Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS; University Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Ameny Farhat-Khemakhem
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax; University of Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
| | - Kameleddine Bouchaala
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax; University of Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
| | - Marie-Joëlle Virolle
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS; University Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Hichem Chouayekh
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax; University of Sfax; Sfax Tunisia
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Sato VS, Jorge JA, Guimarães LHS. Characterization of a Thermotolerant Phytase Produced by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus Biofilm on an Inert Support Using Sugarcane Bagasse as Carbon Source. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:610-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Monteiro PS, Guimarães VM, de Melo RR, de Rezende ST. Isolation of a thermostable acid phytase from Aspergillus niger UFV-1 with strong proteolysis resistance. Braz J Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26221114 PMCID: PMC4512069 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220120037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An Aspergillus niger UFV-1 phytase was characterized and made available for industrial application. The enzyme was purified via ultrafiltration followed by acid precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. This protein exhibited a molecular mass of 161 kDa in gel filtration and 81 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), indicating that it may be a dimer. It presented an optimum temperature of 60 °C and optimum pH of 2.0. The K M for sodium phytate hydrolysis was 30.9 mM, while the k cat and k cat / K M were 1.46 ×10 (5) s (-1) and 4.7 × 10 (6) s (-1) .M (-1) , respectively. The purified phytase exhibited broad specificity on a range of phosphorylated compounds, presenting activity on sodium phytate, p-NPP, 2- naphthylphosphate, 1- naphthylphosphate, ATP, phenyl-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, calcium phytate and other substrates. Enzymatic activity was slightly inhibited by Mg (2+) , Cd (2+) , K (+) and Ca (2+) , and it was drastically inhibited by F (-) . The enzyme displayed high thermostability, retaining more than 90% activity at 60 °C during 120 h and displayed a t 1/2 of 94.5 h and 6.2 h at 70 °C and 80 °C, respectively. The enzyme demonstrated strong resistance toward pepsin and trypsin, and it retained more than 90% residual activity for both enzymes after 1 h treatment. Additionally, the enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed phytate in livestock feed, liberating 15.3 μmol phosphate/mL after 2.5 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Monteiro
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brasil. ; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Valéria M Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Ricardo R de Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Sebastião T de Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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Sarkar S, Mantri K, Kumar D, Bhargava SK, Soni SK. Self-assembled lipase nanosphere templated one-pot biogenic synthesis of silica hollow spheres in ionic liquid [Bmim][PF6]. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22543d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of hydrophobic lipase enzyme in hydrophobic and hydrophilic ionic liquids and a correlation in structure–function and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Sarkar
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- RMIT University
- Australia
| | - Kshudiram Mantri
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- RMIT University
- Australia
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Vadodara
| | | | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- RMIT University
- Australia
| | - Sarvesh K. Soni
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- RMIT University
- Australia
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Soni SK, Sarkar S, Selvakannan PR, Sarkar D, Bhargava SK. Intrinsic therapeutic and biocatalytic roles of ionic liquid mediated self-assembled platinum–phytase nanospheres. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic therapeutic and biocatalytic roles of ionic liquid mediated self-assembled phytase, platinum–phytase and platinum–phytase–curcumin nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh K. Soni
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Sampa Sarkar
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - P. R. Selvakannan
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combichem-Bioresource Centre
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune
- India
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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18
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Shankar S, Soni SK, Daima HK, Selvakannan PR, Khire JM, Bhargava SK, Bansal V. Charge-switchable gold nanoparticles for enhanced enzymatic thermostability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03021h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic amino acids allow the synthesis of charge-switchable metal nanoparticles, which support efficient immobilization of enzymes on nanoparticles, leading to high thermal stability and enzymatic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shankar
- Ian Potter NanoBiosening Facility
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | - Sarvesh K. Soni
- Center for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Hemant K. Daima
- Ian Potter NanoBiosening Facility
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | - P. R. Selvakannan
- Center for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Jayant M. Khire
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Center for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian Potter NanoBiosening Facility
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL)
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
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19
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Efficacy of phytase on growth performance, nutrient utilization and bone mineralization in broiler chicken. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Abstract
A focused platform for phytase bio-processing and application oriented research will help in developing an integrated technological solution to phytase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bhavsar
- NCIM Resource Center
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008, India
| | - J. M. Khire
- NCIM Resource Center
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008, India
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21
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Kumar K, Dixit M, Khire JM, Pal S. Atomistic details of effect of disulfide bond reduction on active site of Phytase B from Aspergillus niger: A MD Study. Bioinformation 2013; 9:963-7. [PMID: 24391358 PMCID: PMC3867648 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The molecular integrity of the active site of phytases from fungi is critical for maintaining phytase function as efficient catalytic machines. In this study, the molecular dynamics (MD) of two monomers of phytase B from Aspergillus niger, the disulfide intact monomer (NAP) and a monomer with broken disulfide bonds (RAP), were simulated to explore the conformational basis of the loss of catalytic activity when disulfide bonds are broken. The simulations indicated that the overall secondary and tertiary structures of the two monomers were nearly identical but differed in some crucial secondary-structural elements in the vicinity of the disulfide bonds and catalytic site. Disulfide bonds stabilize the β-sheet that contains residue Arg66 of the active site and destabilize the α-helix that contains the catalytic residue Asp319. This stabilization and destabilization lead to changes in the shape of the active-site pocket. Functionally important hydrogen bonds and atomic fluctuations in the catalytic pocket change during the RAP simulation. None of the disulfide bonds are in or near the catalytic pocket but are most likely essential for maintaining the native conformation of the catalytic site. ABBREVIATIONS PhyB - 2.5 pH acid phophatese from Aspergillus niger, NAP - disulphide intact monomer of Phytase B, RAP - disulphide reduced monomer of Phytase B, Rg - radius of gyration, RMSD - root mean square deviation, MD - molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mudit Dixit
- Electronic Structure Theory Group, Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - JM Khire
- NCIM, Biochemical Sciences Division
| | - Sourav Pal
- Electronic Structure Theory Group, Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
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22
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Bhavsar K, Buddhiwant P, Soni SK, Depan D, Sarkar S, Khire JM. Phytase isozymes from Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 under solid state fermentation: Biochemical characterization and their correlation with submerged phytases. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Gujar PD, Bhavsar KP, Khire JM. Effect of phytase from Aspergillus niger on plant growth and mineral assimilation in wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) and its potential for use as a soil amendment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2242-2247. [PMID: 23355258 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive use of non-replenishable phosphate reserves as phosphate supplements in agriculture and animal feed poses a threat for environmental pollution and necessitated a search for alternative phosphate sources. Unlocking the phytate phosphorus using microbial phytase can provide an ecofriendly solution in agriculture. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of phytase from Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 in degradation of phytate phosphorus to benefit plant nutrition and soil amendment in comparison with chemical fertilizers. RESULTS An enzyme dose of 12 IU was sufficient to hydrolyze phytate and increase assimilation of phosphorus by about 74%. Phytase supplementation leads to increase in shoot:total length ratio by about 200%, indicating its growth-promoting effect. Consistency in phytase-induced growth was reflected at pot and tray levels, wherein shoot:total length ratio was observed to be 2.01 and 2.12 respectively. Mineral assimilation due to phytase was more efficient as compared to chemical fertilizers, thus overcoming the constraints of practicability and economics in the agriculture industry. Phytase was efficient in reducing the phytic acid content of soil by about 30% while simultaneously increasing the phytate phosphate availability by 1.18-fold. CONCLUSION Phytase from A. niger showed improvement in phytate phosphorus and mineral availability. Besides a plant growth-promoting effect, reduction in use of chemical fertilizers and soil improvement could be achieved simultaneously for maintaining the sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya D Gujar
- NCIM Resource Center, Division of Biochemical Sciences, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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24
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Troesch B, Jing H, Laillou A, Fowler A. Absorption Studies Show that Phytase from Aspergillus niger Significantly Increases Iron and Zinc Bioavailability from Phytate-Rich Foods. Food Nutr Bull 2013; 34:S90-101. [DOI: 10.1177/15648265130342s111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Iron and zinc deficiency are major public health problems affecting many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia. Infants, young children, and women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable due to their high requirements. Even though iron and zinc are present in significant amounts in the plant-based diets typically consumed in developing countries, their bioavailability is low due to high levels of absorption inhibitors such as phytate. Phytase has been used in animal nutrition for decades to improve the bioavailability of certain minerals in feed. Objective To show the effect of phytase in human nutrition based on evidence from human studies. Phytase can be used either during processing or as an active food ingredient degrading dietary phytate during stomach transit time. Methods Evidence from human studies testing the effect of phytase on iron and zinc bioavailability using stable isotopes was reviewed. Results Twelve studies tested the effect of phytase on iron and five tested its effect on zinc bioavailability. Most of these studies used a phytase derived from Aspergillus niger. They found a beneficial effect unless phytate concentrations were too low or levels of inhibitors or enhancers of iron absorption were too high. Twenty to 320 phytase units per 100 g of flour significantly improved iron absorption, even though higher levels might further increase iron bioavailability. For zinc, not enough information is available to determine optimal activities. Conclusions Phytase clearly has a beneficial effect on iron and zinc absorption from phytate-rich foods. It also has the potential to increase the absorption of magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus in areas such as Southeast Asia where mineral deficiencies are widespread.
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25
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Gontia-Mishra I, Deshmukh D, Tripathi N, Bardiya-Bhurat K, Tantwai K, Tiwari S. Isolation, morphological and molecular characterization of phytate-hydrolysing fungi by 18S rDNA sequence analysis. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:317-23. [PMID: 24159322 PMCID: PMC3804216 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytate is the primary storage form of phosphate in plants. Monogastric animals like poultry, pigs and fishes have very low or no phytase activities in their digestive tracts therefore, are incapable to efficiently utilize phytate phosphorus from the feed. Phytase from microbial sources are supplemented to feedstuff of these to increase the uptake of phytate phosphorus. In the present work efforts were made to isolate and characterize proficient phytase producing fungi from soil. Phytase producing fungi were isolated using phytate specific medium. Fungal isolates were selected according to their higher phytase activities. These isolates were further characterized and identified by morphological and microscopic analysis and confirmed by amplification of 18S rRNA gene, using specific primers. This gene was subsequently sequenced and phylogenetic affiliations were assigned. Fungal isolates were identified as various species of Aspergillus. Phytases from these fungi could be utilized as a feed additive in poultry and swine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iti Gontia-Mishra
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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26
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Simonovičová A, Hlinková E, Chovanová K, Pangallo D. Influence of the Environment on the Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Different Aspergillus niger Wild Type Strains. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 53:187-93. [PMID: 24426107 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work studied the differences in accumulation, transformation and volatilization of different heavy metals ions on molecular and macromorphological features of Aspergillus niger wild type strains. Four different strains of A. niger (An) were used. Three strains (An-P, An-N, An-S) were isolated from acid and ultra acid mining regions with higher concentration of As and Sb. The fourth strain (An-G) was used as the comparative one. Environmental burden strongly affected biochemical, macro and micromorphological characteristics of studied strains. The RAMP profiles showed 90 % similarity among the studied strains. The strain An-S showed its own characteristic RAMP profile, different to the others ones. Analyzed strains can be clustered into two groups on the basis of the changes in gene expression and morphological parameters. Differences were found in both acid β-1,3-glucanases and peroxidases. Main quantitative and qualitative differences by A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE were registered for proteins with Mr ~ 50; 34; 28-27 and 11 kDa. Presence of living mutants of A. niger strains in old environmental burden indicate on the adaptation and mutation processes of soil microorganisms from the point of long-term effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Simonovičová
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Hlinková
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Bennett P, Yang ST. Beneficial effect of protracted sterilization of lentils on phytase production byAspergillus ficuumin solid state fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1263-70. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Soni SK, Selvakannan PR, Bhargava SK, Bansal V. Self-assembled histidine acid phosphatase nanocapsules in ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4] as functional templates for hollow metal nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10389-10397. [PMID: 22724457 DOI: 10.1021/la3014128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the biomacromolecular self-assembly of histidine acid phosphatase (HAP), an enzyme of significant biomedical and industrial importance, in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF(4)]). The spontaneous self-assembly of HAP enzyme in [BMIM][BF(4)] results in the formation of HAP nanocapsules. The HAP enzyme molecules were found to retain their enzymatic activity after the self-assembly process, which enabled us to utilize self-assembled HAP capsules as self-catalyzing templates for the synthesis of a range of hollow metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pd, and Ni) without employing any additional reducing agent. The hollow metal nanospheres with HAP encapsulated within their cavity were found to retain enzymatic activity for at least up to four cycles, as demonstrated in the case of Au-coated HAP capsules as the model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh K Soni
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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A bioprocess for the production of phytase from Schizophyllum commune: studies of its optimization, profile of fermentation parameters, characterization and stability. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:1067-79. [PMID: 22349925 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune produces phytase through solid-state fermentation using different agroindustrial residues. After optimization of phytase production, a maximal level of phytase (113.7 Units/gram of dry substrate) was obtained in wheat bran based medium containing 5% sucrose, 50% humidity, 7.5% of biomass at 33 °C pH 7.0 during 72 h and a 285% improvement in enzyme titre was achieved. Analysis of fermentation parameters profile for phytase production showed the highest productivity (1.466 Units/gram of dry substrate/hour) in 66 h of fermentation. Phytase has an optimal pH of 5.0, an optimal temperature of 50 °C and K (m) and V (max) values of 0.16 mM and 1.85 μmol mL(-1) min(-1), respectively. Phytase activity was stimulated essentially in the presence of K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), acetate and citrate at concentrations of 1 mM. Phytase had the best shelf life when stored at a cooling temperature, maintaining 38% of its initial activity after 112 days of storage, and still presenting enzymatic activity after 125 days of storage. Stability studies of phytase performed in aqueous enzyme extracts showed satisfactory results using polyethyleneglycol 3350, carboxymethylcellulose, methylparaben, mannitol and benzoic acid in concentrations of 0.25, 0.025, 0.025, 0.25, and 0.0025%, respectively. PEG 3350 was shown to be the best stabilizing agent, resulting in 109% of phytase activity from the initial crude extract remaining activity in after 90 days.
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30
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Soni SK, Ramanathan R, Coloe PJ, Bansal V, Bhargava SK. Self-assembled enzyme capsules in ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4] as templating nanoreactors for hollow silica nanocontainers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:16020-16024. [PMID: 20860402 DOI: 10.1021/la101965j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Most of the self-assembly studies have hitherto explored the aqueous media as fluid phase for self-assembly of amphiphilic biomacromolecules, wherein architectural modification of biomolecules is generally a prerequisite for self-assembly of modified biomolecules. We demonstrate for the first time that ionic liquids can act as nonaqueous designer solvents to self-assemble amphiphilic biomacromolecules without requiring their prior modification. To this end, we show that enzyme (phytase) molecules self-assembled in the presence of an appropriate ionic liquid, resulting in the formation of enzyme capsules. Phytase capsules synthesized using this approach were further used as templating nanoreactors for the synthesis of enzyme-containing hollow silica nanocontainers. In situ immobilized phytase enzyme in the silica nanocontainers, when subjected to enzyme-reusability application, establishes them as excellent reusable biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh K Soni
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 V, Melbourne, VIC, 3001 Australia
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